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The article explores the parallels in the structure of character systems of the Karachay-Balkarian version of the Nartiada and Yakut heroic epos Olonkho. The main focus is on the typical attributes and plot functions of such groups of characters as celestial demiurges and protectors of epic heroes and their demonic antagonists. The research aims to assess the degree of typological proximity of the studied traditions based on the analysis of one of the levels of the system of epic characters. The article reveals the close connection of the plots of the Karachay-Balkarian Nartiada and the Yakut epic Olonkho with the ritual and mythological context. In both traditions, a similar circle of characters in structure and functions is revealed — the patrons of the hero, attributed as deities (тейри, айыы таҥара) and also represented in the real religious and mythological practice of the bearers of traditions. Noticeable coincidences in the plots of the Karachay-Balkarian and Yakut epics are also found in the field of demonological conceptions. They have such common features as the chthonic kind and monstrous appearance of the antagonists of the hero, the presence in the plots of an expressive image of the mother of epic demons. These features stem from the general typological properties of the archaic heroic epic. At the same time, such features as the serpentomorphism of the chthonic demoness and the ‘landscape’ semantics of tropes applied to antagonists can be considered as genetically related elements, possibly dating back to the proto-Turkic mythological worldview.

The use of tracer methods for studying oil wells makes it possible to determine the efficiency of oil field development. However, the reliability of the results of such studies largely depends on both the correctly selected indicators and the methods of interpretation. The currently developed theory of multiphase filtration and numerical analysis methods make it possible to use appropriate models to interpret the results of using various types of indicators. Of particular interest are mathematical models of processes occurring in oil-saturated rocks when using separable tracers.

At the adaptation stage, a new multicomponent microbial concentrate obtained by fermentation of substrate from a mixture of peat, humus and compost by bifidobacteria was used for the first time. The microbial preparation is rich in BAS (probiotics, enzymes, amino acids, etc.), due to which it activates plant immunity and improves plant establishment, growth and development. The influence of different modifications of Revitalize liquid preparation (marka U - universal; marka Ya - for berry crops) in preparation of red raspberry microplants for the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions was studied. The work demonstrated the positive effect of Revitalize liquid marka Ya at the stage of adaptation for a single treatment with exogenous treatment. At the stage of pre-growing, the effectiveness of a single treatment with fertilization and a double treatment with mixed feeding was revealed.

The article examines the role of biotechnologies in agriculture and their impact on environmental safety. In the face of a growing population and changing climate conditions, it is important to develop adaptive technologies that promote resource conservation and reduce negative environmental impacts. Biotechnologies represent a powerful tool for creating such innovative solutions in agriculture. The article discusses various aspects of biotechnology application in agriculture, including increasing crop productivity, protecting plants from diseases and pests, and improving soil quality. Special attention is paid to environmental safety issues and comparative analysis of the impact of biotechnologies on the environment compared to traditional agricultural methods.

Processing of Allarechensk technogenic deposit (Murmansk region, Russia) by the low-temperature roasting method in mixture with ammonium sulfate was carried out in a laboratory scale. The ore was grinded to various size classes, mixed with ammonium sulfate and the mixture was roasted in a muffle furnace under a static air atmosphere, varying the roasting temperature from 300 to 500 °C, roasting duration from 60 to 300 minutes. The roasted mixture was leached in heated distilled water with constant stirring for 40 minutes. Using a particle size class of -40 microns, a raw material to reagent ratio of 1:7, after roasting at a temperature of 400 °C at the water leaching stage the metals recovery was: Ni 91.5%, Cu 94.8%. Copper was extracted from the pregnant solution by the method of cementation on iron, and nickel was extracted by adding brucite (Mg(OH)2) to the solution.

The requirements for the controllability of vehicles regulated in Global Technical Regulations No. 8 (GTR No. 8) are analyzed. It is noted that it is impossible to directly compare the controllability of vehicles due to the fact that the law of rotation of the controlled wheels when performing tests using this technique varies from the design features of the car, in particular from the length of the wheelbase. A single law of rotation of controlled wheels for movement is proposed, both for a material point and for structures of real vehicles. The methods of obtaining a single idealized path by the magnitude of deviations from which it is possible to assess the change in the controllability of any vehicle are described. The results and conclusions obtained in the work allow the manufacturer to more reasonably approach the choice of vehicle parameters to ensure road safety.

This paper presents the results of estimation of the controllability and stability of vehicles when driving on roads with a low coefficient of adhesion. The currently existing methods for determining these parameters are described, their main advantages and disadvantages are noted. Based on the analysis of statistical data on road accidents, a new parameter of controllability and stability has been proposed - the stability of the vehicle’s trajectory during braking when lateral forces act on it. Its permissible numerical values are determined and verification methods are proposed. The results obtained make it possible to improve road safety when operating a vehicle in difficult road conditions.

The paper discusses the issue of usability of different materials in production of the front axle beams of trucks with a gross weight of 6 and 15 tons. Calculation models are presented to determine load conditions for different modeling cases: a road with diagonal unevenness with different truck speeds, a turn, a rearrangement, and an overcoming a single unevenness. From the calculation results it follows that when using 45H steel for the manufacture of front axle beams of the trucks under consideration, the strength of these parts is ensured. From the comparison of the characteristics of VCh50, VCh60 and VCh70 cast irons with the level of stress in the front axle beams, we can conclude that it is possible to use VCh60 cast irons (the design stress is only slightly higher than the yield strength) and VCh70 for the manufacture of front axle beams. In this case, it is necessary to consider the possibility of changing the design of the front axle beams in order to reduce the stresses that arise in these parts when vehicles move over uneven surfaces.

In article questions of influence of ethnocultural traditions for moral formation of youth are considered. Necessity of use of the ethnocultural approach for education for formation of the harmonious person, influence of traditional values on formation of outlook of children and youth is shown. Questions of is standard-legal regulation of questions of a state policy in the field of education and socialisation of children and youth within the limits of Strategy of development of education in the Russian Federation for the period till 2025 are studied. Considered main activities of the state, federal, regional and noncommercial organisations on realisation of a state policy in the field of Strategy on the basis of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, traditions of the people of the Russian Federation are considered. Are revealed the actions directed on maintenance international (interethnic) and interfaith of the consent in the youth environment, preventive maintenance and the prevention of displays of extremism in activity of youth associations. Traditional and new forms of ethnocultural actions which can be interesting to youth with a view of attraction their attention to national cultures are presented. On an example of the South of Russia a variety of the spent ethnocultural actions.

The article examines in detail the concept of separation from the point of view of various psychological theories. We can conclude that separation is a complex and complex process that occurs individually, depending on the personal characteristics of family members, the characteristics of the family system, the age and gender of the child, and is based on long-term deep trusting relationships. Let us dwell on the study of the types and types of separation. Separation is a natural process that is necessary for the development of a healthy personality. However, it is important to remember that this does not mean cutting yourself off from your parents for life. Some connection with parents may remain important to a person throughout his life. It is important to find a balance between independence and connection with family. In general, psychological separation is a necessary stage in the development of a teenager, but its influence on the value-semantic sphere can be ambiguous. It is important that parents help their children through this process and try to maintain open and understanding communication with them. The separation process begins in adolescence and can continue throughout adulthood. Its main goal is to form a personality capable of independent decision-making and responsibility for their actions.

In modern ornamental horticulture, there are many species and varieties of plants, particularly indoor crops, which can be used for vertical gardening. This contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for humans. The paper presents the results of analysis of growth and development, as well as evaluation of ornamental traits of some ornamental indoor crops (Elettaria cardamomum, Tradescantia pallida, Senecio macroglossus ‘Variegatus’, Epipremnum pinnatum, Pelargonium zonale, Cissus alata, Hedera helix ‘Glacier’, Peperomia clusiifolia, Zebrina pendula, Syngonium podophyllum, Nematanthus gregarius, Spathiphyllum floribundum ‘Vivaldi’, Callisia repens, Spathiphyllum wallisii) when grown in different substrates in a winter glazed greenhouse for further use in vertical gardening. The greatest growth was revealed in E. pinnatum (using a mixture of peat and vermiculite - 16.8 cm, peat - 12.3 cm), among annual flowering crops - in D. repens (using a mixture of peat, vermiculite and perlite - 18.8 cm, a mixture of peat and perlite - 17.1 cm). S. floribundum (90 points), S. wallisii (82-90 points), and T. pallida (85-90 points) were the most decorative on a 100-point scale in all variants of the experiment; among annual flower crops, P. × hybrida (38-42 points) and D. repens (44 points).

The authors examined the organization of interaction between the technical customer and the general contracting organization and revealed that it is at the stage of construction of facilities that difficulties arise in the interaction of construction participants, which were not initially taken into account when signing the construction contract. The implementation of the construction project depends on the effective organization of construction. The construction is characterized by dynamism and a high level of coordination of construction participants, which indicates the appearance of additional costs for both the technical customer and the contractor. To reduce the level of possible risks, the authors proposed at the initial stage of construction to exclude or reduce the impact of risk factors associated with the choice of an inefficient sub-row organization. 6 most important and relevant risk factors in the field of interaction between the technical customer and the contractor have been identified and analyzed. Expert surveys were conducted to determine the weight coefficients of damage and the probability of occurrence of risk factors. The reliability of the results was confirmed by calculating the multiple correlation coefficient.

Any investor/developer spends considerable time to make a construction decision in analyzing various parameters, such as the building site area, height restrictions, total area, quantity of necessary materials, etc. First of all, this is due to a high level of uncertainty and the complexity of estimating costs for the initial stages of project implementation. The unavailability of detailed design data at the investment justification stage makes it impossible to conduct a sufficiently accurate assessment of the value and period of construction to make highly accurate managerial decisions. However, one of the key issues, namely determining the significant parameters that have the greatest impact on future project-related decisions, has not been studied sufficiently. This article identifies the most significant parameters that impact the future characteristics of residential buildings based on an expert assessment using the a priori ranking method. The reliability of the assessment is confirmed using the coefficient of concordance. A conclusion is provided about their applicability as the input values of a forecasting model that uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to determine various technical and economic characteristics of residential buildings.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the influence of stratification methods on germination of sea buckthorn seeds (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in autumn and spring sowing. In the fall sowing with natural stratification under snow, sprouts of H. rhamnoides seeds were more friendly, and the percentage of germination was higher than in the spring sowing with artificial stratification. At autumn sowing of seeds in H. rhamnoides seedlings, formation of many short roots was observed, which predicts more active development of the root system. The number of nodules on the roots of H. rhamnoides plants is formed depending on varietal characteristics and does not depend on the term and method of sowing. Lomonosovskaya, Rossiyanka, Studencheskaya varieties proved to be the most strongly growing in two variants of the experiment at fall sowing, and Trofimovskaya at spring sowing.

The article deals with the issues of ensuring fire safety of multifunctional high-rise buildings and structures. Measures are given to ensure fire safety of multifunctional high-rise buildings and structures. Effective modern methods of improving the safety of using constructive solutions that prevent the spread of fire and the evacuation of people from places covered in flames and smoke by combustion products and blocking access to stairwells are reflected. Since in some cases it is not possible to save people from a burning building in traditional ways, structural solutions are additionally presented that contribute to the safe evacuation of residents of the house. When reviewing existing designs, their shortcomings were identified. The authors proposed a new design of an effective, non-traumatic and safe device for saving people, especially those with low physical fitness and limited physical abilities. It allows you to simplify the design, provide the necessary speed, ensure the availability of evacuation of people with physical disabilities, avoid the presence of auxiliary equipment on a stationary ground object, ensure manufacturability in use, which does not allow, if necessary, to save people from windows and balconies, increase productivity in the “descent-ascent” mode.

The article deals with the classification of sorting fruits and root crops. When reviewing existing structures, their shortcomings were identified. The authors proposed a new design of the sorting device. The basic principle of operation of this design is based on the creation of a suction air flow inside a metal pipe. The device consists of a container with unsorted fruit, a corrugated plastic pipe of variable length with a tip, a clamp attached to a square metal pipeline. Inside this pipeline there are three rectangular holes of different sizes equipped with gates are fixed. In the lower part of the adapters, cyclones with corrugated plastic pipes of variable length with tips are fixed, descending into the corresponding containers. A protective mesh is installed in the rear part of the metal pipeline and a fan housing is attached, inside which the fan itself is located, driven by an electric motor and creating a suction air flow. The proposed device makes it possible to simplify the design, reduce the consumption of materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce the labor intensity of maintenance, increase productivity, and reduce the degree of damage to the surfaces of sorted fruits and root crops.

The paper deals with the issue of determining the roll stiffness of the truck suspension. The actual roll stiffness of the spring suspension differs from the theoretical one due to the design features of the spring suspension. The real roll stiffness of the spring suspension, in addition to the vertical stiffness of the springs, is affected by the stiffness of the silent blocks and the stiffness of the springs during lateral bending, as well as the stiffness of the springs during torsion. Analytical dependences for calculating the roll stiffness of the suspension are given. A mathematical model is considered that allows calculating the roll stiffness of the suspension by simulation modeling. Simulation studies have shown that the actual roll stiffness of the spring suspension may differ by 53% from the roll stiffness obtained by calculating the vertical stiffness of elastic elements.

The problem of mixed convection of mercury in a horizontal circular tube heated from below under the effect of a transverse magnetic field is examined. A numerical study was performed using the LES method in a conjugate formulation including the wall which may be with or without a fouling layer (deposits) with low electrical conductivity on its inner surface. To simulate the subgrid viscosity, the CSM model was used. In the case with a Reynolds numbers of Re0 = 5000, Hartmann number of Ha0 = 150, Grashof number of Gr0 = 2.75×106, which is based on the inner radius of the pipe, and Prandtl number of Pr = 0.024, a strong influence of the fouling layer electrical conductivity on the fluid flow structure and the amplitude and frequency of fluctuations of temperature, velocity, and electric potential has been found.

Objects of research: forests of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions within the boundaries of the taiga zone. The results of the study are of scientific and practical interest for organizing effective forest management and forest management. Currently, a significant share of clear-cutting occurs in the so-called pioneer development areas (for example, Leshukonsky district of the Arkhangelsk region). In these areas, the approach to forest management must be meaningful and scientifically based in order to prevent deforestation of the areas. Effective use of forests is required by optimizing cutting regimes and parameters, which will allow for intensive forestry with the cultivation of high-quality coniferous wood, ensuring a balance between deforestation and their reproduction with economically valuable species. The goal of the work is to improve the system of forestry activities in the forests of the taiga zone. The basis for the development of assessment indicators for the purpose of felling, their classification in the system of forest use and development, was the scientifically based results of many years of research at stationary objects. For each of the stationary objects, silvicultural requirements and indicators (criteria) were established and developed for the purpose of felling in plantations of different structure, structure, and origin. The status of felling in the classification and in the system of forest use has been established. The results are necessary for the development of forestry development programs in the Russian Federation as part of the implementation of the concept of intensive use and reproduction of forests.

Due to the increased consumer interest in domestic wine products, winemaking enterprises are paying special attention to the use of aboriginal grape varieties now, in order to give products with distinctive characteristics, enabling to take the rightful place in wine market. However, there is no sufficient information about changes in the phenolic complex of grapes in the process of producing sparkling wines from red aboriginal varieties. The phenolic complex of grapes, base wines and sparkling wines produced from them was assessed, followed by the correlation established between the content of total phenolic, including coloring, substances in base wines and sparkling wines with their initial content and macerating (extracting) ability of these grape components, with corresponding correlation coefficients, which can be used for targeted regulation of accumulating these components.

The purpose of the study was to develop a comprehensive system of veterinary and sanitary examination of the safety and quality of slaughter products of Zaanen goats. The studies were conducted on goats at the age of 36 months. According to the results of veterinary and sanitary examination of organs and carcasses, all experimental animals were found to be healthy. Five muscles served as the material for studying the chemical composition: the semi-webbed muscle, the biceps femur, the longest back, the biceps shoulder and intercostal muscles were studied. Organoleptic studies of meat and internal organs were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7269-79, physico-chemical studies of meat were carried out in accordance with GOST 23392-78, the mineral composition of tissues was studied on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The biological value of Zaanen goat meat was determined according to the “Methodological recommendations for the use of the express method of biological evaluation of products and feeds”. Studies have shown that to assess the safety and quality of goat cuts and carcasses as meat raw materials, anatomical characteristics and morphometric parameters of regional lymph nodes should be used: heads - mandibular, parotid and pharyngeal lateral and medial; necks - superficial and deep cervical; thoracic limbs - axillary, axillary of the first rib and superficial cervical; sternum - axillary; chest wall - superficial cervical and intercostal; lower back - lumbar; pelvic extremity - popliteal, superficial and deep inguinal; the mammary glands are supramental.

In this paper, the author’s approach to the definition of the concept of an ecosystem of sectoral management is proposed, the possibility of introducing this concept into the system of state regulation of oil companies and the industry as a whole is considered. The article describes the main indicators included in the process-project model of sectoral management, which is the center of the concept of the sectoral management ecosystem, provides a methodology for calculating and monitoring these indicators, and analyzes the benefits of implementing this concept in the state regulation system.

The article presents the results of a study of the significance of the influence of the white and combined (red-blue-white) light spectrum on the growth and productivity of plants of the genus Monarda L. in the conditions of hydroponics. The optimal lighting mode has been found for the highest productivity of the monarda. A quantitative analysis of the content of photosynthetic pigments was carried out. The yield, leaf size and content of photosynthetic pigments in monarda leaves when grown under white LED lamps turned out to be higher than under colored ones.

The article provides an analysis of the improvement of methods for calculating of leaf spring suspensions in retrospect; features of modern calculation methods and own experience in developing of a spring suspension design for a medium-tonnage truck with a gross weight of 6 tons.

Modern drilling machines designed for the destruction of rocks have a diverse structure, various performance characteristics and in most cases a well-defined limited scope of application. The most common for the destruction of rocks of high strength are impact drilling machines. One of the most effective ways to increase the productivity of such machines is to find rational geometric parameters of colliding elements. The article proposes and substantiates a methodology for studying shock systems based on the application of the shock wave theory. According to the calculation results, the parameters and design solutions of the elements of drilling machines are given, the use of which will allow to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption for the destruction of rock.

The article considers the analysis of the parameters of advanced urban trucks with a gross weight of 6 and 15 tons. The advantages and disadvantages of existing vehicle designs of analogues are analyzed. Recommendations are made regarding the design of the vehicle’s carrying system, cab, steering, suspension. It is concluded that driver assistance systems should be included in the basic configuration. A table with advanced vehicle parameters is given..

Influence of main environmental factors (temperature, intensity of photosynthetically active radiation and tidal cycle) on the contents of free amino acids (FAAs) in Fucus vesiculosus in the Barents Sea during the day was investigated. An undular change in the content of FAAs occurs during the day, associated with the phases of the tidal cycle. Temperature and photosynthetically active radiation influenced the content of FAAs, but their relation probably is a nonlinear. The content of most of FAAs and their total amount reached the highest values at a minimum water level. The lowest values were determined when algae were in seawater. The difference in the content of individual FAAs and their common amounts averaged 1.5-3 times during the day. The reason for the changes in the content of FAAs is probably related to the metabolic processes and their switching during the transition of algae from an aquatic environment to an air and vice versa.

Currently, there is an acute problem of reducing the harmful effects of humans on the environment, the introduction of resource-saving technologies that allow the maximum use of natural raw materials with a minimum percentage of waste. In the production of products at wood working and sawmill enterprises, a large amount of wood waste is generated that requires either disposal or use for the production of wood chips and shavings used in the production of chipboard, OSB boards, fuel briquettes and pellets. Processing of wood waste is carried out in various chippers of a stationary and mobile type, while it must be taken into account that a large amount of wood waste is generated in cutting areas, lower warehouses of enterprises, therefore, mobile chippers must be used for their processing. Given that the diameter of the chipping disc can exceed 1000 mm at a speed of up to 1500 rpm, during the operation of the chipper, significant loads on the working tool and vibration occur, which can lead to its failure. Vibration during the operation of the chipper can be the result of both design errors and occur when the cutting knives are blunt.

The paper is concerned with research of mobility of vehicles, specifically of flotation. The new definition “discrete flotation” is considered. The subject of moving over the snow road surface is considered, especially the crossing of terrain compartments with varying height of snow blanket. The classification of discrete snow obstacles is given separated by the next features: the occurrence of directed anthropogenic factor, the type of formation source, the structure, the degree of shape uniformity of formation source, the stress-strain properties, the composition and the shape of discrete obstacle. The relation describing the shape of snow drifts is given containing the parameters determining the distribution shape, the scale, the area of longitudinal section and the dimension. The relations intended to determine the resistance to moving when crossing the snow drifts and the condition of flotation loss are given.

An experimental technique for compression tests of the sandwich specimens with thin outer layers made of fiber reinforced composite is proposed. The proposed method is focused on testing thin layers of composite material, specimens of which, even with a very short gage length, lose their stability, thereby distorting the determined value of the ultimate stress. Experimental studies of the failure mechanism of sandwich specimens with outer layers with [0°] lay-up under axial compression have been carried out. The possibility of realizing the shear buckling mode for specimens with different geometric parameters was revealed, which allows the determined ultimate stress formed in the outer layers to be taken as a mechanical characteristic when calculating the strength of structures made of composite materials. It is shown that for specimens with a honeycomb core in the outer layers under compression, an in-phase flexural buckling mode occurs. The implementation of a non-classical shear buckling mode is possible only for specimens with a rigid core, which was used as balsa wood.