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The extensive development of virtual reality (VR) technology in all aspects of life has been positively reflected in several areas, including architecture and interior design. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the experience of clients of interior design projects in using virtual reality technology to visualize the final outputs. The study used a qualitative approach through interviews with eight clients of interior design projects for commercial and residential projects, noting their physical emotions such as hand movements, face, standing and sitting, and their spoken words during the virtual reality experience, and the time spent during this experience. The interviews were divided into two types: The first, with clients, included eliciting the client's opinion of the virtual reality experience. The second was with four in-house designers, to see how effective they considered virtual reality to be in design projects. The result of this study suggests that using virtual reality technology is somewhat more successful for commercial projects than for residential ones. It appeared that the effectiveness of the technology led to the ease of perception of the client and increased confidence in the work of the interior design agencies, thus saving time, effort, and money. And that the virtual reality experience increased the clients’ confidence in their ability to visualize the final output of the design, which contributed to increasing the profits of the interior design office. It is expected that the clients of commercial projects had greater interaction because the financial returns of commercial projects are more than residential. It is hoped that the results of this study will help draw the attention of company owners in the field of interior design to the effectiveness of this technology by creating a virtual environment that contributes to convincing customers of the appropriateness of their designs and avoiding waste of resources. This technology also provides the clients with a complete visualization of the project before implementation. To make decisions about the project design and to identify proposals, design modifications and undesirable designs before starting the implementation of the project

AbstractThe world is constantly moving towards environmental-friendliness, and there are plenty of modern concepts that attempt to link architecture and the environment, in previous as well as current times. This is done in order to connect a heritage that’s full of spirit, with a modernity that’s heavily influenced by material inclinations. This is to be accomplished through the use of engineering as well as technical capabilities that prepare and adapt the environment to make it suitable for living and that allow it to maintain its quality. Furthermore, “sustainability” has become part of the mainstream discourse. It refers to “developmental strategies that take into account the requirements and aspirations of current and future generations at once, and is simultaneously aimed at providing a balance of interests that serves everyone in the fields of economy, society and environment.” This is in addition to the emergence of the ecological infrastructure concept, which is concerned with the natural and material environmental surroundings. This concept also recommends the use of environment-friendly material, calling towards the preservation of the natural resource base. Sustainable development has adopted a set of strategies, including the following: optimally orienting the building, exploiting natural energies and taking into account planning systems, building details… etc.” In addition to that, it has adopting strategies to improve the quality of life for the tenants in matters of public health. Sustainable design is also regarded as an essential step to achieve economic growth while protecting natural resources and raw material, in order to achieve sustainable design, and principles of sustainability. .In Egypt, we find that people of the early Egyptian civilizations used local materials such as mud bricks, papyrus and wood in their private architectural systems (such as the workers’ quarters); whereas they used natural stones and mountain carvings for their sacred architectural systems (such as temples). For this reason, those buildings have maintained their interior design and furniture up to this day.This necessitated the study of some modern design models that were designed with a sustainable mind-set, and that used modern technological methods to benefit from the concepts and principles of sustainability to the largest extent possible, with the end goal being the creation of a design that respects natural factors and creates a harmony with them.

Resettlement country language literacy facilitates integration and counteracts social and economic marginalization. Thus, access to language learning is a social justice issue. Resettled refugees in Canada are eligible for free English/French language training. Between 2015-2017, Canada resettled 47,735 Syrian refugees. We explored predictors of language class participation for Syrian refugees, examining data from 1915 adult Syrian refugees in government-funded language classes in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Findings suggest access to language programs are shaped by provincial policies. Factors hindering participation varied by province and included gender, physical/mental health, education, English/French literacy, and employment. Practice and policy recommendations are discussed.

The problems that translators of fiction, especially novels, face when translating dialects from one language to another vary because dialects are distinct as much as cultures and language systems are distinct. It is noticeable that Palestinian authors use colloquial language in dialogues and special expressions, striving to attain aesthetic and cultural merits or more realism in the text. Thus, an accurate translation of literary dialect is necessary to preserve the effect of the colloquial language that increases the authenticity of the testimony and adds a sense of reliability since mistranslation of it might undermine the subject matters of the literary work. Therefore, studying dialect translation issues by situating these studies into their contexts can be very effective since it helps both translators and readers recognize their own functionality. This paper examines Nancy Roberts’ translation of the Palestinian dialect from Arabic into English in Ibrahim Nasrallah’s Time of White Horses. It seeks to identify the problems experienced by the translator when dealing with dialect in the novel under study. It also focuses on how the loss of translation can lead to the loss of repertoire of implications embedded in the dialects employed in Nasrallah’s Time of White Horses. The data of the study consists of Palestinian dialect utterances and expressions and their English translations. The novel is teeming with utterances having traces of the Palestinian dialect. However, the researchers analyze a number of random examples that are assumed to be the most representative of each function on basis of their own judgment. The paper analyses the source text dialectical utterances for their functions as well as their socio-cultural implications. The study involves a descriptive analysis in tandem with a comparative textual analysis. The data of the ST will be classified according to their different functions, and then data will be compared with their English counterparts to examine the different strategies used in translating the dialect. House's model (1997) of register analysis in tandem with Venuti’s (1995) theory of domestication and foreignization is adopted as the theoretical framework of the analysis. In light of these models, the study proceeds to discuss translation strategies used to deal with dialect and how these strategies affect the implications and messages encoded in dialectical usage. Furthermore, it deals with dialect markers and the extent to which these markers were preserved in the target text. We suggest in this article that Nasrallah’s use of local dialect in his work is testimonial and historical in attitude. The dialect the author uses retrieves collective memories that local collective memoirs also share while bearing witness to historic events remembered and commemorated. The study reveals that there are mismatches in the register variables between the source and the target text considering that the majority of the dialectical utterances are standardized. It also shows that Palestinian dialect performs various functions in the novel such as signalling familial relationships, signalling social distance, asserting the Palestinianism of the story, generating humor, and codification. Furthermore, the study reveals that the identity of the dialect is attained through phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical markers. Standardization of dialect markers conceals the traces of the existence of dialect in the text. Thereby, the study contends that domesticating the dialect markers utilizing standardization strategy threatens and undermines the contours of the national identity of dialect and consequently the national identity of the text as whole. Thereby, domesticating the dialect by the means of standardization hurdles the functions meant by the employment of Palestinian dialect in the text as well as the Palestinianism of the text constructed through the use of dialect.

One can address an issue which generates an argument of colleagues-civil engineers, architects and mechanical engineers working with machines. Bridge engineers can also enter the discussion stating that a world-renowned scholar Augustin Betancourt belongs to their “bridge” community. He had an experience of constructing bridges and floors with large spans. His structures and ideas in all these directions of engineering thought were broadly used and even now they are applied in the modern world practice. We can give a lot of examples, as A. Betancourt’s structures and ideas have been used by many engineers including the authors of this paper in their long-term practice of reconstruction of the unique buildings in Russia. There are dozens of buildings and structures only in St. Petersburg and its closest suburbs where A. Betancourt was an author, an advisor, an expert, whose indications were implemented in many projects of urban development. A. Betancourt was actively involved as a head of the Committee for Construction and Hydraulic Works in St. Petersburg. This committee also participated in expert evaluation of development of the largest Russian cities of that time.

The entire civilized world follows the state of unique monuments of the east, including Syria, where military operations are not yet over. Separate monuments of antiquity have been destroyed, which require immediate examination and, at a minimum, preventing structural elements from collapse. Naturally, publications of the time of the Second World War (Russia, Japan, Poland…) most fully represented the world restoration practice of destruction from mass bombardments and shelling. For these works, it is possible to systematize the degree of danger of the state of the objects at the time of their possible restoration and to estimate the damage caused by the enlarged parameters. Unfortunately, today, the revision of this practice, taking into account modern technologies of engineering restoration of damaged and reconstructing lost monuments, becomes urgent. Without this, it is impossible to defeat the vandals of the 21st century.

The polypropylene (PP) fibers in shotcrete has been used for ground support and building strengthening, since several decades. However, the recent trend is to use the waste material in cementbased mixes to produce an eco-friendly material. Such waste material is the incineration fly ash (FA) that is classified as a hazardous product. This study is intended to establish the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced mortar in addition to cement or sand partial replacement by fly ash, in terms of flexural strength testing. The mechanical properties reflect the influence of the dosage of fiber content and the proportion of the fly ash on the flexural strength. The percentage of cement or sand was replaced by 0, 10, 20, and 30% fly ash. The dosage of fibers was 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 kg/m3. This green mix with fibers provides a partial substitute of cement as it is cheaper, by incorporating waste product, and saving energy consumption in the production. Due to growing interest in sustainable construction, engineers and architects are motivated to choose such materials which are more sustainable.

The analysis of special conditions of buildings construction and transport constructions in difficult geotechnical and severe climatic conditions has been given. It is necessary to have a special working facility for earth excavation implementation. The bucketless bottom rotor with destructive elements in the form of oblique wedges meets these requirements. It allows destroying frozen and strong grounds with the least power-intensive way. The calculation method of ground separation force by angular teeth on the basis of spatial representation of ground failure forces has been given. The calculations have been confirmed with natural experiments of an excavator on frozen grounds.

Taxes administration has essential role in doing taxes policy of the executive branch, through the powers gives to it by tax law and financial laws, these powers are mostly distinguished as restricted authority depending on the concept of legality ,besides that theirs discretion authority to achieve the goals of the executive branch and the important goal is to get taxes money.

Public loans are one of the extraordinary sources used by countries and governments to finance their financial needs due to a variety of reasons and factors of an economic and financial nature. This resort may result from a contract or conclusion of a set of legal and economic effects, which initially represent an obligation or a group of financial obligations with high burdens that may negatively or positively affect the financial position of the State according to financial and economic factors that determine the outcome and nature of these effects. Therefore, many countries avoid resorting to borrowing because there are several caveats, despite the financial temptations and credit facilities that are achieved when obtaining the public loan.

Although speed bumps are used to force drivers reduce car speed for avoiding accidents, these bumps may cause car crash or accident when drivers do not notice them. Studies have proposed different methods to detect bumps and alert drivers. However, these methods have limitations and require modifications to enable accurate detection. Also these methods did not propose speed reduction approaches. Therefore, in this research, we propose a method that utilizes smartphone microelectronic mechanical technology for speed bump detection. The system uses the gravity sensor to detect the vertical vibration of cars passes over bumps and the GPS to determine the position of the bump. To give accurate detection results, data are collected from crowd, stored and processed on the cloud. The system also contains a speed reduction unit which is attached to the brake pedal and reduces the speed if a bump is detected. A small scale experiment showed that the system detected the position and the height of bumps with a very small error. The system also reduced the speed of cars at the moment they hit the bumps to a point that does not cause any harm to cars or passengers.

Jordan has adapted a strategy to prevent chronic diseases. Accordingly, Ministry of Health is looking for controlling food labeling particularly food fat, trans-fat, and caloric content. This study aimed to screen the food label of products that are sold in Jordanian market in terms of serving size, energy, macronutrient, fiber, total and added sugars, saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and micronutrient contents. A cross-sectional study was performed to screen the food label for the food products based on the standards of The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations of 2016 and Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). Generally, food labels were not clear. The screened products were compliant with JFDA standards and not in compliance with some FDA standards. In addition, many products were found to be sources of added sugars, Na, and saturated fats. Stakeholders and legislators are called to focus on developing new laws, regulations, and polices for developing food label. Food manufacturers are needed to work hardly on developing informative, clear, easy-to-understand, and attractive food labels. The legislators of food label policies are called to look for ways to indicate the presence of high amounts of dietary risk factors such as sugars, added sugars, Na, saturated, and trans fats in packaged foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows the influence of French on Jordanian Arabic, which may seem to be hardly visible because of the geographical and historical distance between France and Jordan. The present article first addresses the reasons why French loan words can be found in Jordanian Arabic. Secondly, it describes and analyzes the typology of these loans. Finally, it shows the semantic changes that these loans have undergone in the borrowing language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the teaching of French to Jordanian Arabic-speaking people at the French department in the University of Jordan in Amman. The new technological tools used recently in the department offer promising perspectives and they prepare the department to offer some better targeted courses for French language students in Jordan. These innovating practices of teaching included in the project of the University of Jordan are dedicated to cultural and international openness. Still, assessing the needs of learners in academia is difficult to establish and to be clearly expressed once and for all. The questions that arise in this context are: Does technology limit the teacher's role in the classroom? And how do affective factors influence the learning of a foreign language in the presence of technological tools and hybrid and distance learning? How to create with these new tools classes designed to arouse in the Arabic-speaking student a certain behaviour or activity? It is in this sense that we speak in general pedagogy of active methods, which designate all that a teacher can do to create and maintain in his students the maximum of interest and participation in class. Thus, this study will show that in the background, despite all the technological development in the field of language pedagogy, the affective dimension and the communicative approach must necessarily be added to the teaching materials of the teacher to make it more effective for language acquisition of the learner of French, especially the Arab native student. The teacher plays an essential emotional and human role in this learning process, whatever the teaching approach or tool used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]