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High-fidelity numerical simulations are used to thoroughly analyze the evolution of the wake behind a megawatt-scale offshore wind turbine. The wake features are classified in terms of wake dynamics composition and the associated turbulence characteristics originating from the inner and outer sections of the blades. Understanding the wake is essential for developing compact layouts for future wind farms. We employed a transient Sliding Mesh Interface (SMI) technique to analyze the fully dynamic wake evolution of the offshore NREL 5MW full turbine. Our high-fidelity results have been validated against previously published results in the literature. We thoroughly investigated the dominant structures of the wake using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) techniques, which we applied to transient simulations of fully developed flows after five wind turbine revolutions over the snapshot data. Our findings show that the inner section of the blades, which is composed of airfoils with larger cross-sections, is responsible for the dominant components of the wake, while the contribution of the wake from the outer section of the blade is significantly lower. Therefore, designing more aerodynamic sections for the blade’s inner section can help reduce the dominant wake components and thus decrease the inter-turbine distance in future wind farms.

Agriculture plays a key role in deciding the economy of the country and agricultural marketing has become the potential driver of the agricultural sector. Green revolution and succeeding technologies made our farmers to succeed in the production front, but lagging appreciably in terms of price realization owing to their inability to stop post-harvest losses and inaccessibility to efficient and scientific marketing system. Post-harvest management includes storage, packaging, coating, disease management, extended shelf life, maintaining food quality. Foods and other products can be preserved by storage at low temperature, which retards the activities of microorganisms and preserve perishable foods in their natural state. Preservation depends on the storage time required whether short or long-term short and the type of product. A cold storage unit works on two principles: Vapour absorption system (VAS), and Vapour compression system (VCS). Although VAS is a bit costlier, but economical in operation. Food irradiation is another recent food preservation technology to address some of post-harvest losses. Food is exposed to ionizing radiation (i.e. radiowaves, microwaves, UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays etc.). Food irradiation can be applied to specific purposes as quarantine treatment of fruits and vegetables and as a method to ensure hygienic quality of foods. Food processing techniques like grading, sorting and packaging, etc add value and enhances shelf life of food. Agricultural productivity augmentation needs a concurrent development of post-harvest support mechanism and efficient and organized marketing system, which would ensure maximum price rrealization to the farmers.

The study of tribological applications requires measuring various parameters, including RPMs, friction, and wear. The useful information is sometimes not readily available in a measurement and requires further postprocessing to extract that information. In this research, a production engine test rig has been developed to study a direct-acting valvetrain’s tribological performance for various operating conditions. The measurement of the drive torque is carried out by using a shaft-to-shaft torque transducer. The total drive torque is a combination of geometric torque and frictional torque. The geometric torque is not affected by changes in parameters such as surface modification or lubricant chemistry but the frictional torque changes. We need to extract the frictional torque from the total drive torque to study the effect of any parameter or operating condition change on friction. As variation in frictional torque helps the tribologists to compare the performance of different parameter changes. This paper explains the complete procedure of measuring the experimental frictional torque from drive torque data. In this study, the frictional torque variation between an untextured and a textured tappet shim is studied for a direct acting cam tappet contact of a real production engine.

Consumption of energy and its demand is increasing constantly. There are various ways to generate energy. Non-renewable energy sources are in high demand, which causes harmful effects on the atmosphere. So environmentally friendly energy sources are very much required. Recently various researchers have been working towards green and environment friendly renewable energy causes. Energy generation from renewable sources, India is within top five position throughout the world. Support towards enhancement of energy generation by renewable sources has been declared by our Honourable Prime minister. The present work deals with a designed model to generate electricity by utilizing energy from footstep movement and vehicle motion. The designed model consists of a gearing mechanism, lever, and thermoplastic polymer track attachment. Thermoplastic tracks are easy to use because of their easier attachment and smooth surface. It is required to attach our designed system in places where maximum mobility of people and vehicle motions is possible. Generally, the places are national highways, temple roads, mall areas, etc. Due to movements on the track, the pressure energy of the foot and vehicle wheels transfers to rotational energy through the gearing attachments of our designed system. This rotational energy is utilized to rotate the armature of the generator to generate electricity and that electricity is stored in the battery for utilization on demand. The lever arm and thermoplastic track are placed with a 10 mm gap so that when load is applied on the track, the thermoplastic will deflect and the load will be transferred to the lever. Due to the provision of a gearing mechanism in our designed system, less input on the track will produce the required rotation of the generator shaft. Natural walking on the track to harvest energy without disturbing the body is very suitable for the stability of this designed system due to the provision of thermoplastic tracks.

Financial inclusion has proven to be the most effective tool for overcoming poverty and enhancing underprivileged individuals' social and economic status. However, the role of mobile banking in achieving financial inclusion remains unclear. Therefore, this research investigates the relationship between mobile banking adoption and financial inclusion. Data from two hundred twenty-three respondents was collected through online surveys conducted in countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. A confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to assess the validity of the data gathered from respondents. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesis and analyze the structural relationships. The results indicated that mobile banking adoption positively influences financial inclusion, contributing to social and economic empowerment. However, this analysis focuses solely on the role of mobile banking in the social and economic empowerment of individuals. Future studies may consider additional variables related to financial inclusion. The findings of this study are beneficial for banking institutions to understand the factors influencing customer adoption behavior towards mobile banking in South Asian countries. Additionally, the results are valuable for policymakers and managers in implementing effective strategies to attract non-users and potential mobile banking customers, thereby enhancing the impact of digital financial inclusion on society. This analysis is original and offers novelty in mediating the role of financial inclusion in social and economic empowerment through mobile banking adoption.

عرف الأدب العربي القصيدة القصيرة ذات الأبيات القليلة كما عرف المقطّعات والموشحات ، وكذلك الأدب الفارسي الذي فيه المقطعات والرباعيات والدوبيت ، وقد جرّب الشعراء أنماطاً كثيرة في عصور مختلفة حتى وصل ذلك إلى عصرنا الحاضر فكان الشعر "الحر " و" شعر النثر" و"شعر التفعيلة" في الأدب العربي ، و"الشعر النيمائي" و"سبيد" و"شعر نو" في الأدب الفارسي ، بحثاً من الشعراء للوصول إلى القصيدة التي تتناغم وذوق المتلقي في عصرنا الحاضر ، وانتفض الكثير من الشعراء على النمط القديم ، حتى وصلنا إلى نمط القصيدة الومضة التي تعدُّ نصّاً شعرياً جاء مع متطلبات عصر السرعة ، وإن كانت جذور هذه القصيدة ممتدة في التراثين العربي والفارسي ، وتعددت المصطلحات ، بتعدد ما تبناه الشعراء الذين حاولوا التغيير والأتيان بما هو جديد ، فمن السيّاب ونازك وادونيس والماغوط والبياتي وغيرهم حتى المناصرة وأحمد مطر في الأدب العربي ، ومن نيما يوشيج وشاملو وسهراب وفرح زاد وغيرهم حتى حسيني وقيصر أمين ، كانت الكثير من النصوص تخفي في طياتها الكثير تُرِك للقارئ ليساهم في فك الكثير من تلك الطلاسم والدلالات ، وليكن صانعا للحدث متفاعلاً مكتشفاً ، لذا كان هذا الاهتمام بالقصيدة الومضة. ولم يكن ظهور هذا المصطلح بيسر سواء في الأدب العربي أو الأدب الفارسي ، فقد تعددت الأراء حول أصل هذا النمط فذهب البعض في الأدبين أنه نتاج تأثر بالغرب تارة وبالشرق تارة أخرى ، وقال آخرون إنّه متأصل مع تأصل كل واحد من الأدبين.

Background: Diverse strategies are employed globally to integrate medical curricula. Nevertheless, a gap exists in assessing the role of medical instructors in meaningful integration. We developed and used a tool to explore the current level of integration, score medical instructors’ individual practices for integration, and investigate contextual elements minimizing integration. Methodology: This cross-sectional study, conducted in September-November-2020, used convenience-sampling. The study participants were basic-sciences and clinical instructors at two private-sector medical colleges in Karachi-Pakistan (with a response rate of 53.5%, n = 107). We validated a paper-based questionnaire through a pilot study on five participants. This tool with 11 close-ended questions on a 5-point Likert scale generated instructors’ integration scores, and six open-ended questions probed instructors’ perspectives. Results: The mean integration score was 37.4±6.7. Participants’ perspectives indicated a need for participation of clinical faculty in teaching initial undergraduate years, involving lecturers in curriculum meetings, and integration of assessment. The questionnaire Cronbach-alpha was 0.732 with satisfactory principal-component-analysis. Conclusion: Medical instructors facilitated integration mainly through concurrent timetabling of similar topics. Moreover, formal consultation through committee meetings, with discipline-based and integrated approaches complementing each other, were in practice to achieve curricular goals.

إن غاية هذه الدراسة للفظة واحده من أهم دلالات القرآن الكريم وهي أشبه بنقطة في بحراً عميق من الدلالات والمعاني. فإن بحثنا في دلالة هذه اللفظة ومدى شموليتها واستعمالها في القرآن الكريم من خلال رصد الآيات الكريمة المباركة لاستخراج ذلك الكنز الذي يعد من أهمية هذا البحر ومعرفة مدى دلالتها واستعمالها في معانً متعددة فلفظة القرابة المتوسطين ويقصد بها (الأعمام والأخوال والأنساب) فهناك تفاوت بين كل واحدا عن الآخر فمنهم من يرتبط من جهة الأب ومنهم من يرتبط من جهة الأم. وكما تعمد هذه الدراسة إلى رصد دلالات كل لفظة وعلاقتها بالمعنى الخاص بها وألفاظها واستعمالاتها ضمن المجال اللغوي الدلالي. وقد اعتمدنا في هذا البحث عن المنهج الوصفي التحليلي, ونستنتج مما تقدم أن هذه الألفاظ تحدد الاتساع الدلالي الواقع في النص القرآني والوقوف على استعمالها

From the time CT-scanning was introduced in the oil and gas industry, its use could be divided into SCAL and routine type applications. The first involves flowing fluids through the cores, whereas the second involves scanning, mainly the whole cores, in their native (preserved or unpreserved) state. For whole core CT-scanning, there has been a constant shift from qualitative to quantitative analysis. The size of whole cores is ideal for scanning them with a ‘converted’ medical CT-scanner but obtaining meaningful data requires more than just artifact-free images. In this paper, useful guidelines are offered for extracting meaningful quantitative data from whole core CT-scanning. Today’s fast, multi-slice medical CT-scanners generally provide sufficient image resolution for most of the whole core related applications. However, they usually require some modifications to the equipment and the calibration procedures. Special solid phantoms matching the size and density should be used for calibrating the scanner at different X-ray energies. A set of calibration ‘standards’ is necessary for converting the CT numbers into density and Zeff (Effective Atomic numbers), which should be scanned under the similar ‘environment’ as the whole cores. Using pilot scans is highly recommended for every core tube to reduce uncertainties. For dual energy scanning, it is important to take scans at the exact same locations, selecting the right energy pair and corresponding calibration tables. For image processing, important guidelines include aligning the first and last slices for selecting the largest region-of-interest, quality controlling each slice and assigning depths to each slice before converting from CT numbers to bulk density and Zeff. Additional information is provided for scanning with industrial CT-scanners which have both advantages and disadvantages. Guidelines such as the ones mentioned above allow the data from whole core CT imaging useful for a number of applications. Such data were successfully used for bulk density and porosity determination, heterogeneity quantification, lithology determination, dual-energy based mineralogy detection, density-based micro-imaging, core-log correlations and depth matching, fracture characterization, formation damage evaluation, and many others. Several examples are included in this paper. Adherence to strict guidelines helps extracting artifact-free, meaningful data on whole cores that can improve our understanding of rocks. This paper demonstrates at least 10 different applications of CT-scanners along with the proper guidelines that can be useful for engineers and geoscientists.

The construction projects of process industry plants are complex due to the involvement of numerous stakeholders and uncertainty in environmental factors. The internal and external factors affecting the successful execution of the projects vary across industries and countries. It is vital to identify the critical factors for a geographic region and devise the appropriate strategies for the successful execution of the projects. This study aims to identify the critical success factors for construction projects in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the objective, data collected through questionnaire surveys from 342 project managers, directors, engineers, staff, and construction directors were analyzed in SPSS. The findings showed that construction industry projects in Saudi Arabia are usually constrained by five major factors including the project manager’s qualification and experience, project management practices, timely availability of skilled manpower and equipment, clarity of project definition and scope, and weather conditions, The findings imply that Saudi construction firms need to recruit professionally qualified project managers, establish project management office (PMO), revisit supply chain strategies, and provide alternate working hours during tough weather conditions. Further implications, recommendations, and future research directions are discussed in the end.

This paper aims to share the Zoombombing: a new phenomenon that emerged during COVID-19, its causes, and measures to prevent Zoombombing. Finally, it provides recommendations to prevent such incidents. Zoom emerged as the most popular alternative teaching tool during COVID-19. However, even though Zoom has utilized state-of-the-art encryption methods, it has underestimated privacy expectations among its exponentially growing customer base. Zoom has many options settings for users to customize and secure their videoconferencing platform to minimize Zoombombing. However, some users overlook these security features, which leaves them vulnerable to offensive material displayed by attackers in a virtual classroom setting. Furthermore, most Zoombombings were made by insiders who had legitimate access to Zoom meetings, particularly students in high school and college classes. To reduce Zoombombing, teachers can enable settings, such as waiting room, restricting access to screen-share, and physical reporting. Moreover, severe institutional punishment for the attackers and their insider supporters can discourage such activities.

This paper aims to study the impact of celebrity endorsements on purchase intention in Saudi Arabia. Questionnaire was developed using three independent variables Celebrity’s Attractiveness, Expertise Trustworthiness and one dependent variable i.e., customer’s Purchase Intensions. Data was collected using online questionnaire tool i.e., UDQuest. 117 respondents participated in the survey. Survey results shows that Celebrity’s attractiveness plays a pivotal role in shaping customer’s purchase intentions.

The study aims to explain the impact of service quality on customer loyalty, satisfaction, and switching behaviors for insurance companies in Saudi Arabia. The study used the descriptive research approach. The questionnaire was developed with the help of reliable and validated constructs taken from earlier studies for service quality, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, customer switching. Stratified sampling method was used to collect the data (N = 211). The results indicate that service quality has a statistically significant impact on customer loyalty and satisfaction for insurance companies in Saudi Arabia.

The purpose of this paper is to classify Interbrand's Top 100 Global brands based on their logo design. Content analysis was used as the analysis tool in this study. It is a commonly used technique in corporate branding. All data, including brand logos, were collected from Interbrand's official website. This study used longitudinal data of 20 years (2001 to 2020) by Interbrand. During this period, 177 brands appeared in the Top 100 Global Brands list. Four major logotypes were observed. First, "Shape only Logos" are logos with distinct shapes and intensely work independently without using its brand name like Audi, Mercedes, Apple, McDonald's, and Nike. Second, "Text Only Logos" are logos made of simple and clear typography with a potent color combination like Samsung, Intel, Uber, and Nokia. Third, a combination of text and image represents the brands and logos, but the text is placed outside the distinct Shape like Amazon, Microsoft, Toyota, Cisco, LG, and Puma. Fourth, also a combination of text and image used to represent the brands and logos is made up of text inside a distinct shape like BMW, SAP, GE, UPS, Ford, Volkswagen, and Kia.

Saudi vision 2030 brought many socio-economic reforms in Saudi Arabia, the advertising scenario in the Kingdom is also expected to change. Women's right to drive a car is one of the most significant iconic reforms any country might have witnessed during many decades. Traditionally, Saudi women are not encouraged to play a significant role in the local advertising scenario, but now things are changing. This research aims to examine the changing role of Saudi women in advertising. Major themes on the subject areas were derived from literature, and content analysis has been used as a primary analytical tool. Findings show there are three major themes in the data. The first theme reflects women portrayed in advertisements as a typical gender stereotype including women as a domesticated person, women as part of family, women in traditional dresses. The second theme is about women in adapted international ads for Saudi media including women with faceoff, remove women and re-construct the ad, replace women with product, cover the nude parts of women. Finally, the third visible theme shows changing women's roles in the Saudi advertising scenario.

A mission statement is the most visible element of an organizational strategy; it ought to be effective in terms of reflecting its purpose. Particularly, top global brands, corporations, and business schools are expected to have modular mission statements that comply with the definition of an ideal mission statement. To determine how closely they adhere to the components of an ideal mission statement, this study compares the actual mission statements of the top organizations with the desired ideal mission statement. The study employed a meta-content analysis approach to analyze the mission statements of 400 organizations from diverse sectors, including Interbrand’s top 100 global brands, Financial Times ranked top 100 business schools, and top 100 conventional and top 100 Islamic banks. For each type of organization and for the whole sample, mission statements were analyzed for how many and what components they frequently include in their mission statements. The results show that only 5 percent of these organizations have perfect mission statements indicating majority do not prioritize creating mission statements that contain all the necessary components. The components such as self-concept, products and services, and customers were the most frequently communicated concerns, indicating a high level of importance on conveying identity, offerings, and relationships with customers whereas concerns for employees, public image, and technology were severely overlooked. The findings suggest a discrepancy between academia and industry regarding what constitutes an ideal mission statement inviting further research to better understand the components of an ideal mission statement and how they align with real-world statements. This research assists organizations in identifying gaps in their mission statements and aligning them with their organizational values, goals, and strategies by providing thorough theoretical and practical implications in the end.

يعدّ علم الأسلوبية من العلوم التي تتفق واللغة بشكل عام، لأن اللغة وجه يستمد به علم الأسلوبية ليجعل، الإطار النظري، ضمن مقياس معين. ومن هذا المنطلق، يعد شارل بالي (Charles Bally) باعتباره لغويا سويسريا من تلامذة فرديناند ديسوسور، حيث أوجد منهجا جديدا في الأسلوبية معنونا بالمستوى الوصفي (التركيبي أو البياني). ومن نتاجه الفكري في هذه المناسبة هو أنه جعل محل واسعا من الإعراب لما وراء التعبير من الاحساس والعاطفة. وعلى هذا الضوء يستهدف المقال من خلال دراسة البعد النظري، الكشف عن غطاء ماهية الأسلوبية وما يترتب عليها من الأبعاد والتحديدات، ومن خلال التركيز على البعد العملي تطبيق الأسلوبية لاسيما التركيبية منها على الآيات التي تخللتها "الجنة والنار". ومن النتائج التي توصلت إلها المقالة هذه، أن الأسلوبية التركيبية وما فيها من الركائز من "تقديم وتأخير" وما إلى ذلك، تبين لنا أن آيات الجنة والنار، جرت فيها الركائز تلك، على أساس معيار العواطف السلبية والإيجابية بشكل عام.

This study develops an algorithm for short wave upwelling radiative flux (SWupRF) within near infrared wavelength band based on space orbiting Argus 1000 micro-spectrometer. Argus was hurled on aboard CanX-2 satellite on April 28, 2008 as part of a technology demonstration mission. It is operating within 900 nm to 1700 nm wavelength band with a spectral resolution of 6 nm and spatial resolution of 1.4 km. We calculate the SWupRF due to the absorption of O2, H2O, CO2, and CH4 within the selected wavelength band of each gas. A GENSPECT line by line radiative transfer model is applied to perform radiative transfer simulations to calculate the radiative flux by varying surface albedo and mixing ratios of the selected greenhouse gases. Finally, the SWupRFsyn estimated from GENSPECT was compared with SWupRFobs of Argus 1000 over a period of 4 years (2009 and 2013). The authors determined that the selected satellite data set of weeks 75 pass 43 and week 14 pass 52 showing minimum 0.850 (0.10 to 1.60) W/m2 and maximum 1.450 (0.600 to 2.30) W/m2 respectively. Further analysis will be required by applying the SWupRF model to find the radiative effects of smoky areas and clouds within the Argus wavelength range.

Using a rich dataset on individual firms in selected EU countries between 2005 and 2012, we document a surprisingly high share of assets tied in highly inefficient firms. Moreover, we discuss different channels through which institutions may affect firm financial developments and thus the long-run growth. Using Bayesian model averaging analysis, we discuss the importance of different types of economic, financial and political institutions. We show that high institutional quality improves the financial conditions of firms. However, too lax business regulations may worsen firms’ performance possibly due to excessive risk taking behavior.

The synthesis Poly[1,5-naphthyridine-(3-hexylthiophene)] (PN3HTh) semi-conducting polymer has been accomplished by adopting both conventional and microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between 3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diboronic ester and 2,6-dibromo-1,5-naphthyridine. The electrochemical and transport properties of PN3HTh were investigated both in the bulk as well as in thin film form. These properties can be further tuned by changing the solvent and the nature of the electrode used. Consequently, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were conducted using a potentiostat coupled with an electrochemical cell. The CV results of PN3HTh as a bulk form in H2SO4 solution indicated that the concentration of the polymer in the solution is not well defined because of polymer poor solubility in aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the sulfur group which works as electron donating makes the system more electron-rich. This can explain by the absence of the reduction peak. For the thin film, two single oxidation peaks were obtained at around 0 V and 0.3 V for both cases. Different solvents can tune the transport properties of the polymer as can be seen from the two CVs where BF3 exhibited enhanced transport properties over ACN. The synthesized polymers were characterized by modern spectroscopic methods including IR and NMR.

Riverbank erosion and the consequent formation of new islands in the Bay of Bengal cause frequent changes in the shape and size of the delta, forcing the inhabitants to migrate frequently.

Contexte : En mars 2021, une éclosion de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a été déclarée dans un grand établissement de soins de longue durée et de séjour de courte durée en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada, bien après l’introduction du programme de vaccination dans les établissements de soins de longue durée qui a entraîné une baisse spectaculaire du nombre d’éclosions dans ce type d’établissement. L’objectif de cette étude est de fournir l’épidémiologie descriptive de cette éclosion, dans le contexte de l’immunisation partielle des résidents et du personnel de l’établissement. Méthodes : Les renseignements sur les cas ont été extraits d’un système de renseignements provincial (Panorama). L’analyse descriptive a été réalisée à l’aide de Microsoft Excel et de SAS. Les contrôles de gestion de l’éclosion comprenaient, sans s’y limiter, des tests asymptomatiques et des efforts pour augmenter la vaccination. Résultats : Vingt-six cas parmi les 241 résidents et trois cas parmi les 418 membres du personnel (correspondant à des taux d’attaque de 10 % et moins de 1 %, respectivement) ont été trouvés. Le taux d’attaque chez les résidents était considérablement plus faible que le taux d’attaque moyen pour les éclosions de COVID-19 dans les établissements de soins de longue durée avant le déploiement du vaccin. Dix-sept cas résidents étaient partiellement ou totalement immunisés. Quatre des huit cas hospitalisés et deux des trois cas décédés étaient partiellement immunisés. Dix-sept cas étaient des résidents en séjour temporaire. Les trois cas du personnel n’ont pas été vaccinés. Dix cas ont été trouvés avec des tests asymptomatiques. Conclusion : L’introduction de la vaccination dans les établissements a contribué à la baisse des taux d’attaque et à l’augmentation du nombre de cas asymptomatiques dans cette éclosion. Le dépistage des personnes asymptomatiques a permis de trouver des cas supplémentaires parmi les résidents vaccinés. Les résultats soulignent l’importance d’atteindre une couverture vaccinale élevée, y compris chez les résidents en séjour temporaire, afin de prévenir l’introduction du virus et les possibilités de transmission ultérieures non reconnues.

Background: In March 2021, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared at a large long-term care and short stay facility in British Columbia, Canada—well after introduction of the vaccination program in long-term care facilities that resulted in a dramatic decline in the number of outbreaks in this type of setting. The objective of this study is to provide the descriptive epidemiology of this outbreak, in the context of partial immunization of both residents and staff at the facility. Methods: The cases’ information was extracted from a provincial information system (Panorama). Descriptive analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SAS. Outbreak management controls included, but were not limited to, asymptomatic testing and efforts to increase vaccination. Results: Twenty-six cases among the 241 resident and three cases among the 418 staff (corresponding to attack rates of 10% and less than 1%, respectively) were identified. The attack rate in residents was considerably lower than the average attack rate for COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care facilities before the vaccine rollout. Seventeen resident cases were either partially or fully immunized. Four of the eight hospitalized cases and two of the three deceased cases were partially immunized. Seventeen cases were temporary stay residents. The three staff cases were not vaccinated. Ten cases were identified as part of asymptomatic testing. Conclusion: Introduction of vaccination at facilities contributed to lower attack rates and higher numbers of asymptomatic cases in this outbreak. Screening asymptomatic individuals identified additional cases among vaccinated residents. Findings underscore the importance of achieving high vaccine coverage, including among temporary stay residents, to prevent virus introduction and subsequent unrecognized transmission opportunities.

Protein fortification of fruit product have been a trend in the last decade to solve the lack of protein contain in it. However, the right composition for the fortification have been a problem since long. The research was done to give a sight of formulation and the effect of it in changes of physicochemical and overall acceptability of papaya jam. Fortification was done with formulation 40:1, 40:2, 40:3, 40:4, 40:5 of papaya pulp: soya protein isolate (part/part). Moisture, TSS, pH, total and reducing sugar, non-enzymatic browning, ascorbic acid, total carotenoid, crude protein, total plate count and overall acceptability of highest acceptability formula was analyzed at monthly interval during three months storage time. Moisture, TSS, pH, total and reducing sugars and nonenzymatic browning increased, while ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, and crude protein contents of jam decreased during storage. Total plate count showed no microbial during storage periods. Soya protein isolate fortified papaya jam remained acceptable during storage although the acceptability was decrease during time.

The present paper will try to analyze some crucial features that can highlight the differences between English for legal purposes (ELP) and General English (GE). It focuses on use of (ELP) as a medium of instruction within practical field of Law. The study will deal with a fact that lawyers are the most eloquent users of English language. Where, on the other hand, they are its notorious abusers. It is because they employ arcane vocabulary within their discourses. The most controversial features that underlie within this field were to be analyzed from different perspectives: (1) its practicability to legal language’s nature (2) semantic interpretations of legal interpretations and (3) perceptual differences over statues of applied and real cases. A language policy program was conducted for this purpose in SM (Sind Muslim) Law College, (Hyderabad) Sind, Pakistan. Its goal was to analyze the particular needs of the legal learners towards their use of English language. After having the discussions with stakeholders, learners, experienced interlocutors and advocates themselves, the researcher, then analyzed some of the case methods (legal books). It was considered a necessary concern to have particular model that should design a conclusive course of integrating the language learning with legal content. This study falls with three major categories in the end for future scholars. (1) Study of Specific English language within legal field. (2) Study of spoken English language within legal settings and (3) Study of written English language of law. However, the main attempt is to explore the third category, focusing on controversial features within written form of legal English language. This study will also help future ESP course designers to visualize the underlying facts that are important in present era. It will not only improve the learning purposes but to strategies for teaching methods. Therefore, it is important to analyze the controversial facts of ELP course.

Present study evaluates efficiency of indigenous kaolinite ore as environment friendly and low cost adsorbent for re-refining of used lubricating oil. Thermo gravimetric analysis was used to find the mass variation with rise in temperature. Different characterizing techniques such as XRD, SEM and EDS were used to see the physical and chemical changes, composition and available volume of pores before and after activation. Indigenous kaolinite ore was activated at 600 °C for one hour to increase pore size to surface area ratio. Adsorption was carried out by passing exhausted lube oil with commercial grade n-hexane in a fixed 1:2 v/v ratio over the surface of activated kaolinite in a glass column with length to diameter ratio of 16:1. The improvement in the quality of lube oil was determined by comparing quality parameters of used and refined lube oil. The process gave 95 % yield of good quality transparent pale-yellow oil having colour index of 2 with 99 % of metal reduction. Maximum capability of kaolinite ore to adsorbed oil was found to be 160 g of refined oil/200 g of kaolinite. Used adsorbent was regenerated and utilized again for the adsorption of more oil. Regenerated ore provided 150 g refined oil/200 g Kaolinite. The solvent was recovered through rotary evaporator under vacuum. Recovery of solvent and adsorbent regeneration suggest that proposed method for purification of lube oil is environment friendly and cost effective.

A computer simulated, poroelastic, hyperelastic model was developed to replicate the pressure-volume response of a single pulmonary acinus (15th branch of the respiratory tree and daughter branches) with air flow at its core. An internal pressure driven approach was taken upon a small spherical geometry (99.2 mm3 in volume) representing this small segment of lung parenchyma. A reference porcine tracheal pressure at tidal breathing was adjusted from 1471 Pa to 998 Pa to accommodate for pressure drop, and the pressure of 998 Pa was applied to the model for parametric analysis of its pressure-volume characteristics. In targeting a proportional tidal volume change of approximately 15% while also inducing a pressure-volume hysteresis, material parameters of Young’s modulus of 4 kPa, Poisson’s ratio of 0.4, and a permeability of 5×10-5 cm3s-1cm-2 were identified as suitable. The energy loss over a single pressure-volume cycle for a pulmonary acinus was found to be 6.3×10-6 J. This model was qualitatively compared to the pressure-volume relationship of the original porcine data source, and then with experimental findings of the material parameters for lung parenchyma in medical literature, demonstrating same-order agreement.

The purpose of this paper is to answer seven famous myths about vision and mission statements by analysing the vision and mission statements of FT Ranked Top 100 Business Schools in the world. First myth states that all business schools have both vision and mission statements. Second myth says both mission and vision statements are equal in length. Third myth states that all nine components must be present in all mission statements. Fourth myth assumes faculty is the hallmark of business school’s mission. Fifth myth states technology is at the centre stage of business school’s mission. Sixth myth assumes research is not part of business school’s mission. Finally, seventh myth says leadership is no more part of business school’s mission. FT ranking for Top 100 Business Schools was selected for this study and business school’s vision and mission statements were collected from their official websites. Content analysis was used as the major data analysis technique. Data analyses using descriptive statistics proved all seven myths wrong.

The return of some 3.1 million IDPs in Iraq to their places of origin is seen as a benchmark of success in the aftermath of the recent civil war. However, the situation is complex, with critical questions related to mitigating competing rights and protection needs.

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Construction projects are considered crucial in every developed and developing country from the perspective of economic and social development. Thus, it is mandatory to achieve successful completion of the project. Efficient production is one of the significant criteria in ensuring the success of projects. An efficient production, labour productivity is considered an important aspect. Labour productivity is affected by several factors which are essential to study for productivity improvements. Since in Pakistan, labour productivity is one of the least studied areas within the construction industry. Hence, this paper focused on determining the common factors which have influenced the labour productivity. A survey among the construction practitioners included 33 identified factors from literature. A total of 150 questionnaire forms were distributed, and only 54 completed data forms were received back. These forms were used to analyse statistically using frequency analysis with SPSS software and weighted average (WA) calculation with Microsoft Excel application. The results indicated 1 factor as very often occurring, and other 32 factors were reported as often occurring during construction works while WA value for significance revealed that there are seven factors which have extremely significant while other 26 factors lie in the category of very significant. Those seven dominating factors reported as extremely significant are the misuse of schedule, the increase of labourer age, weather changes, tool and equipment shortages, violation of safety precautions, working seven days per week without taking a holiday and lack of financial motivation system.

This research project focuses on an alternative pathway of devulcanizing waste tire rubber by using amine based chemicals. Waste tire rubbers are known to be as toxic, non-degradable material due to their vulcanized crosslink carbon structure, and disposing of such waste could impose hazardous impacts on the environment. The current rubber recycling methods that are practiced today are rather uneconomical, non-environmentally friendly, and also producing recycled rubber with low quality due to the alteration in the main polymeric chains of waste rubber. This project aims to answer the question of whether the usage of amine can produce high quality rubber, where the properties of recycled rubber is almost the same as new/virgin rubber. With known potential of amine, it is a challenge for the chemical to selectively cleave the sulfur bonds without affecting the main carbon backbone chain in the rubber structure and diminishing much of the rubber properties. To study this research, amine-treated rubber must undergo devulcanisation process by applying heat and sonication energy. Then, the properties of the amine-treated rubber were determined through a set of characterization tests and analysis which are: gel content test to determine the weight of rubber before and after devulcanization, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal degradation and stability of rubber, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine any structural change of the rubber. In this research so far, the first two preliminary analysis tests have been performed. The gel content test has shown that tertiary amine samples possessed a lower gel content (%) of (77 – 63 %), compared to primary amine samples (falls within the range of 80%), as well as the TGA test in which tertiary amine samples degrade faster than primary amine samples (suggesting a higher degree of rubber structure breakdown). For each type of amine, the concertation of amine did not play a major role in affecting the degree of devulcanization (as the concentration increased, the degree of devulcanization decreased for some samples). FTIR analysis showed that only sulphur-sulphur bonds were cleaved during the devulcanization process, leaving the carbon-sulphur bonds unaffected.

The previous years has been very crucial for the whole world so in Pakistan. This situation arise due to shocking increment in the rates of oil. In order to overcome this issue most of the countries are working for the development of technology using renewable resources. These resources include solar, wind and biomass. Biomass includes cow dung, kitchen waste, wood etc. The geographical location of Pakistan is a best suit for biomass energy operation. Among these biomasses this paper will be focusing on the kitchen waste which will result in around 60% of methane gas, 30% will include carbon dioxide, 8% nitrogen and rest 1 to 2 % of hydrogen sulphide. This paper will state the best possible option to perform anaerobic digestion process in order to generate excess amount of biogas at homes. It will also discuss procedure for the removal of toxic gases which exist in biogas and can be harmful for humans as well as it degrade biogas quality. In our research, the generation of biogas and methane is done from the sugary and starch-rich material and is determined at small scale using the elementary digesters.

Waste rubber is a polymeric material containing 50% of rubber and is generally referred to as waste tyre rubber. The main purpose of this research is to study ultrasonic devulcanisation of waste rubber utilising deep eutectic solvent (DES) of ZnCl2:Urea by improving process parameters such as sonication time, reaction temperature and rubber: DES mass ratio by effectively cleaving cross-link sulphur bonds. DES was created and prepared by mixing ZnCl2 with urea at 2:7 and 1:4 molar ratios respectively. Physicochemical properties of the prepared DES was measured using DSC, KFT and TGA analysis to find the freezing point, moisture content and degradation temperature, whereby their freezing point below 60°C, moisture content lower than 3.0 wt.% and 200°C degradation temperature average. Rubber to DES mass ratio was varied at 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 and sonicated for 15 minutes inside ultrasonic water-bath. Samples were placed onto hot plate whereby heating temperature was varied at room temperature, 130°C, 150°C, and 180°C for 15 minutes. Samples were filtered, washed with distilled water and dried in oven for 24 hours. Once dried, samples were taken for analysis using TGA, EDX, FESEM, FTIR and Gel content. Under TGA analysis, most samples have an average degradation temperature of 200°C, hence justifying a successful devulcanisation. EDX analysis shows two occurrences during devulcanisation process which is bond reformation and cleavage. Furthermore, it is determined that heating temperature of 130°C is an important parameter as it is the optimum temperature for ZnCl2:Urea. Under FTIR analysis, it shows that disulphide bond, S-S is the only bond that is being broken while the rest still remains the same. Gel content analysis showed that samples have a lower soluble fraction after devulcanisation process. Finally, FESEM proves that at 130°C and 15 minutes is the optimum temperature and time which is illustrated by the smooth surface at that particular point.

Acute appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition; making appendectomy the most commonly performed emergency surgical procedure in the world. Anomalies of the appendix are relatively uncommon. However, their presence may alter the course of pre-operative diagnosis and the surgical treatment provided, leading to medico-legal issues in certain cases as well. We hereby present the case of a 17 year-old female who had the suggestive signs, symptoms and investigations of appendicular lump. She was managed according to the Ochsner-Sherren regimen and then underwent interval open appendectomy 6 weeks later. During the procedure, the findings of a 5 cm long appendix were noted. The base of the appendix was attached to the caecum, however there was complete mucosal discontinuity between the base and the remaining portion of the appendix. A fibrous strand connected the two blind ending parts together. After thorough literature search, the authors concluded that this is only the fourth reported case of appendicular atresia ever to have been reported. Considering the rariety of this finding we feel this could be of valuable interest to surgeons and readers alike.

The migration development nexus assumes that skilled migrants possess the potential to bring benefits to their developing countries of origin. In India in particular, this brain-gain is of great interest to study because of the significant presence of Indian skilled professionals in western countries. This paper examines the role of the factors on an individual and structural level which are responsible for skilled Indian migrants’ interests in their home country’s development. It also examines the extent to which returnees actually perceive themselves as agents of development at both a collective and an interpersonal level. The authors apply logistic regression to a primary data-based survey on skilled Indians in Europe and returnees in India. They find that both familiarity with the contemporary Indian situation as well as disadvantaged identities drive skilled migrants’ interests in home-country development. Disadvantaged identities also affect returnees’ own recognition of their role as agents of development and change. Other factors bearing this agency role include membership of cultural, religious, or political organisations, professional field, and level of education.