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Given the increasing challenges that Arctic cetaceans face, it is critical to investigate novel methods for assessing their health. Skin microbiomes have emerged as a promising method of detecting health issues that can help guide conservation efforts for free-ranging cetaceans. This study characterized the skin microbiome of 17 bowhead (BW) and 2 killer whales (KW). Fifty-six amplicon sequence variants were identified exclusively from cetacean samples, 20 belonged to BW, 13 to KW, and 23 to BW and KW. We identified bacteria from the genera Tenacibaculum and Psychrobacter, which have been previously described as bacteria that play a role in the health of cetaceans. In addition, in the healthy bowhead whale (H-BW) samples, we identified Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and 7, Carnobacterium spp., and Yersinia spp. which are of concern because these bacteria are opportunistic pathogens. Stranded BW had a less diverse microbiome than H-BW and had pathogens, including Aeromonas species and Streptococcus agalactia. Opportunistic pathogens of the genera Moritella (previously Vibrio spp.), Shewanella, Psychrilyobacter, and Legionella were discovered in KW. Due to their predator–prey relationships, the findings of this pilot study support the importance of keeping a close eye on the bowhead and killer whale populations in the Arctic.

Temporal variation in food web structure is widespread among highly seasonal environments, such as the Arctic, and is driven by changes in resource availability. Variation in resource availability can lead to species differences in diet composition, isotopic niche width, and trophic position (TP) across seasons. Here, we used tissue samples that represent two distinct turnover rates for diet (liver = shorter term, muscle = longer term) from 18 fish and three marine mammal species to investigate seasonal (i) variation in TPs within the Southampton Island marine ecosystem of Hudson Bay, (ii) variation in consumer isotopic niche width within this part of the food web, and (iii) variation in community niche dynamics among a fish and marine mammal community using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses. Many zooplanktivores and piscivores increased in TP in summer (i.e., shorter-term turnover period), whereas benthic feeders dependent on ice-obligate prey decreased in TP. Most isotopic niche widths and community metrics (δ15N range, total ellipse area, mean centroid distance) were higher in liver than muscle. Our findings demonstrate seasonal changes in TPs, which suggests that Arctic communities may be differentially affected by longer ice-free periods and earlier onset of primary production due to accelerated climate change.

This paper documents the first comprehensive inventory of thermokarst and thaw-sensitive terrain indicators for a 2 million km2 region of northwestern Canada. This is accomplished through the Thermokarst Mapping Collective (TMC), a research collaborative to systematically inventory indicators of permafrost thaw sensitivity by mapping and aerial assessments across the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada. The increase in NT-based permafrost capacity has fostered science leadership and collaboration with government, academic, and community researchers to enable project implementation. Ongoing communications and outreach have informed study design and strengthened Indigenous and stakeholder relationships. Documentation of theme-based methods supported mapper training, and flexible data infrastructure facilitated progress by Canada-wide researchers throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The TMC inventory of thermokarst and thaw-sensitive landforms agree well with fine-scale empirical mapping (69%–84% accuracy) and aerial inventory (74%–96% accuracy) datasets. National- and circumpolar-scale modelling of sensitive permafrost terrain contrasts significantly with TMC outputs, highlighting their limitations and the value of empirically based mapping approaches. We demonstrate that the multiparameter TMC outputs support a holistic understanding and refined depictions of permafrost terrain sensitivity, provide novel opportunities for regional syntheses, and inform future modelling approaches, which are urgently required to comprehend better what permafrost thaw means for Canada's North.

In social animals, group composition can cause variations in individual needs that can influence responses to habitat trade-offs, such as predator exposure or foraging opportunities. The Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) form different group types and cover multiple habitat types in summer. This study compares the habitat preference of three beluga social group types: (1) individual belugas, (2) groups of adults, and (3) groups with at least one calf. Observations were collected during aerial surveys in July and August 2019. For each month, beluga distribution was analyzed with hierarchical generalized additive models, as a function of group type and four covariates: sea surface temperature, bathymetry, slope, and distance to the coastline. Group type, water temperature, and bathymetric features best explained beluga distribution. In July, groups of adults preferred the continental shelf, whereas individual belugas and groups with calves preferred the continental slope. In August, groups of adults and groups with calves were found in Amundsen Gulf at similar depths. For both months, individual belugas associated more with deeper and colder areas. The preferences often corresponded to previously published distributions of the beluga's main prey species, suggesting that foraging opportunities and size-related energy requirements strongly influence habitat use.

Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) movements, habitat use, and diving behaviour have been studied using satellite-linked transmitters for decades. The inaccessibility of Arctic and subarctic habitats makes these instruments especially valuable for beluga research. The long-term effects that tags and tag attachments have on belugas, however, are not well known because resightings occur relatively infrequently. Here, we describe two belugas photographed during photographic monitoring programs of two populations: western Hudson Bay and Cumberland Sound. The beluga photographed in western Hudson Bay had scars consistent with the tag pins migrating out, which is thought to occur when the tag is pulled posteriorly due to drag. The beluga photographed in Cumberland Sound had all three tag pins still in place 11–21 years after they were inserted. Both whales appeared to be in good body condition with no evidence of infection, and the beluga from Cumberland Sound was accompanied by a 1-year-old calf. Resightings of previously tagged whales are infrequent for the western Hudson Bay population and have never been documented in Cumberland Sound. However, through long-term photographic monitoring programs, additional sightings may provide more information regarding the method of tag loss and the long-term effects of tagging on whale health and productivity.

Photographic identification is increasingly being used as a cost-effective and minimally invasive method to monitor species, which is of particular importance for endangered populations that are vulnerable to intrusive research methods. The purpose of our study was to collect photographs of an endangered population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut, Canada, for use in photographic identification. Rather than pursuing the whales with boats to collect photographs, drones were used to minimize disturbance. We analyzed drone photographs from 2017 to 2019 for distinctive markings on the whales, which were used to develop a photographic identification catalogue. In total, 93 individuals were identified, with 24 resightings of marked individuals over the survey period. Approximately 43.4% (standard error 3.3%) of the adult beluga population was uniquely marked. The beluga population has been harvested at a rate of 41 whales per year, not including struck and lost, since 2002. The markings were from unknown origins (61%), scars/wounds from gunshots (27%), anthropogenic or predatory given the size and severity (11%), or a satellite tag (1%). The continuation of the photographic identification program will allow for the estimation of important population demographics, such as abundance and calving interval, which are important parameters for population conservation and management.

Successful reproduction is essential to a species existence. Here we summarize Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort (BCB) bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758) calf distribution, ratio of calf to adult sightings, and encounter rate from data collected during line–transect aerial surveys conducted from July to October 2012–2019 in the western Beaufort Sea (140°W–157°W). During 223,000 on effort km, a total of 274 calves were seen: 100 in summer (July–August) and 174 in fall (September–October), compared with nearly 3,200 non-calves. Calves were widely distributed in the study area in August and September, with distribution in July largely east of 150°W and distribution in October west of 143°W. Calf ratios and encounter rates appear to follow a 3–4 year cycle. Most calves (240/274; 88%) were seen near an adult assumed to be the maternal female, but 9% (26/274) of all calves were observed unaccompanied at the surface and 3% (8/274) were observed with large whales at the surface but not close by. Of the total calves detected, 60% (165/274) were observed after circling was initiated, highlighting the importance of closely investigating all bowhead whale sightings if identification of calves is critical to project goals. Bowhead whale calf data from the eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf in August 2019 are also summarized.

Postsecondary institutions across Canada have implemented various Indigenization strategies. Critical reflection is needed about the development, implementation, and impact of these strategies to ensure they serve more than checked boxes, and that they strive towards institutional decolonization. The purpose of this article is to present the development of an undergraduate course on Indigenous wellness at a Canadian postsecondary institution. Applying a reflective case narrative scholarly approach, we self-situate to present contextual information about ourselves and the course, as well as our motivation for course development and the scope of curriculum design. We consider five indicators of course design success within Dimitrov and Haque’s (2016) intercultural curriculum design competencies, and we recommend changes to the course design process for Indigenization sake. Reflecting on and interpreting our approach, we propose a three-party relational model to Indigenous course development consisting of the course instructor, a keeper of traditional knowledges, and a teaching and learning expert. In doing so we attempt to inform and prompt the thinking of others with similar or related course design goals.Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur d’un bout à l’autre du Canada ont mis en oeuvre diverses stratégies d’indigénisation. Il est nécessaire de faire appel à la réflexion critique sur le développement, la mise en oeuvre et l’impact de ces stratégies pour garantir qu’elles servent davantage que des cases cochées et qu’elles s’efforcent de décoloniser les établissements. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter le développement d’un cours de premier cycle sur le bien-être des autochtones dans un établissement d’enseignement supérieur du Canada. Grâce à une approche de récit de cas réflectif, nous nous situons nous-mêmes pour présenter des renseignements contextuels sur nous-mêmes et sur le cours, et nous présentons notre motivation lors de la conception du cours et de la portée du programme d’études. Nous prenons en considération cinq indicateurs de réussite pour la conception d’un cours dans le cadre des compétences de conception de cours interculturel présentées par Dimitrov et Haque (2016) et nous recommandons des changements à la conception du cours pour le bien de l’indigénisation. Suite à notre réflexion et à l’interprétation de notre approche, nous proposons un modèle relationnel en trois parties pour le développement d’un cours sur le bien-être des autochtones: l’instructeur du cours, un gardien du savoir traditionnel et un expert en enseignement et en apprentissage. Ce faisant, nous tentons d’informer et d’inviter la réflexion d’autrui avec des objectifs de conception de cours semblables ou connexes.

The Cumberland Sound (Nunavut, Canada) beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) population has been designated as threatened and updated biological information about summer distribution is required for a sound recovery plan. Variation in aerial survey counts are speculated to occur due to movement of belugas in and out of the fiord, and there is still uncertainty related to their distribution within key summer habitat. To address these knowledge gaps, non-invasive passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) systems were deployed in August of 2010 and 2011. An automated detector was used to determine presence/absence and quantify calls by recorder site. Results were verified by partial manual analysis of 20% of the files. The detector had a minimum accuracy of 85% for presence/absence and 42% for call quantification. Belugas were detected primarily at the uppermost site of Clearwater Fiord, with detections subsiding with increasing proximity to the fiord entrance. Diel variation in call patterns were quantified at two separate sites in different years, but no correlation was observed between tidal cycles and number of detections. This study indicates that Cumberland Sound beluga may prefer sites at the head of Clearwater Fiord. Further research is required to identify which environmental variables contribute to this observed summer distribution.

Animal distribution and movement facilitate energy and nutrient transfer within and between regions, thus influencing ecosystem structure and function. Ringed seals (Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)) have been observed making sustained, extensive migrations (>1000 km) in the western Canadian Arctic, but observations of their movements from the eastern Canadian Arctic are limited. We equipped 12 ringed seals with satellite telemetry tags in Resolute Bay (n = 7; 2012, 2013) and Tremblay Sound (n = 5; 2017, 2018), Nunavut, to monitor their movements, behavioural states, and diving behaviour from late summer until their spring moult. Six tags transmitted into winter and recorded long-distance movements to southeastern Baffin Island, with three seals travelling through central Baffin Bay (3608 ± 315 km; maximum 4226 km), whereas three travelled along the Baffin Island coastline (3674 ± 655 km; maximum 4872 km). Seals that travelled through central Baffin Bay made shallower dives (25.4 ± 1.1 m) than those that travelled near the coast (100.0 ± 4.1 m). Results provide new information on the variability, scales, and pathways of movement and diving behaviour of eastern Canadian Arctic ringed seals. This new knowledge can be used to inform spatial conservation and management priorities of this ecologically and culturally important species.

A detailed account of a variety of species foraging on Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)) fisheries discards associated with a commercial fishing vessel in central Baffin Bay, Nunavut, Canada is presented. Species observed included three marine mammals: northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster, 1770)), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758), and a hooded seal (Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777)), and two marine bird species: northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)) and glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767). Interspecies and intraspecies interactions were observed while species were in close proximity to the stern and starboard of a commercial fishing vessel confirming anecdotal reports from boat captains. Improved understanding of marine mammal and bird interactions with fisheries in the Arctic is required to accurately assess financial and ecological (i.e., bycatch) losses, potential for entanglement and to predict the likely impact on energy flow and transport of these resource subsidies throughout the Arctic marine ecosystem.

Current scientific evidence indicates that the threatened Cumberland Sound beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) population is genetically differentiated and spatially segregated from other beluga whale populations. This population has been hunted for subsistence for centuries by Inuit who now live in the community of Pangnirtung, Nunavut, Canada, and was harvested commercially from 1860 until 1966. The commercial harvest removed at least 10 000 individuals from the population. Visual and photographic aerial surveys were flown during August 2014 and 2017 and produced beluga whale abundance estimates of 1151 (CV = 0.214; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 760–1744) and 1381 (CV = 0.043; CI = 1270–1502), respectively. Long-term trends in abundance were examined by fitting a Bayesian surplus-production population model to a time series of abundance estimates (n = 5), flown between 1990 and 2017, taking into account reported subsistence harvests (1960–2017). The model suggests the population is declining. Engaged co-management of the Cumberland Sound beluga population and information on demographic parameters, such as reproductive rates, and age and sex composition of the harvest, are needed to restore the ecological integrity of the Cumberland Sound marine ecosystem.

Moran et al. (2021) report a multi-lab registered replication of Olson and Fazio’s (2001) surveillance task. The surveillance task is an incidental learning procedure over the course of which participants observe pairings of conditioned stimuli (CSs) and unconditioned stimuli (USs) while engaging in a distracting secondary task. Unaware evaluative conditioning (EC) effects are inferred if participants who fail to report the CS–US contingencies on a post-hoc measure show preference for the CSpos over the CSneg. Moran et al. claimed to establish such effects relying on the criteria used by Olson and Fazio to exclude contingency aware participants from analyses. Here we reexamine Moran et al.’s data using more fine-grained analytic strategies. We show that the contingency awareness measures used by Olson and Fazio and, by extension, Moran et al. lack adequate reliability and validity. Moreover, even assuming valid awareness measures, Bayesian analyses did not provide unambiguous evidence for unaware EC effects under any exclusion criterion and provided decisive evidence against such effects in most models. Finally, a separate analysis that distinguished between fully aware, partially aware, and fully unaware participants shows that evidence for unaware EC is due to the inclusion of partially aware participants in the purportedly unaware subsample. These reanalyses suggest that unaware EC as indexed by the surveillance task has yet to be convincingly demonstrated. We discuss the conceptual, theoretical, and applied implications of these findings with regard to the potential for unaware attitude formation.

Alaska Natives have long maintained a markedly different viewpoint toward animals from the Western mindset. Though Native communities across the Arctic have been losing connectivity with their traditions for decades, Traditional Ecological Knowledge tends to adhere to the ostensibly antithetical position of simultaneously loving and taking animals. In this article, Nancy Lord’s Beluga Days will be explored for its attempt to grasp the Native viewpoint of holistic love toward animal communities and Native discomfort with the Western mindset’s lack of nobility in treatment of animals, while carefully navigating between the two forms of animal love via journalistic travel writing. With these assertions in mind, this article will conclude with the idea that such local issues as antithetical expressions of love may benefit from what is being termed “local travel writing,” or deep investigations and travels within one’s own community.

Accounts of killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on marine mammals in the Canadian Arctic are relatively uncommon. Although second-hand reports of killer whale predation events in the Arctic are more common in recent years, these observations are generally poorly documented and the outcome of attacks are often unknown. On 12 August 2016, a floating bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcass was found off-shore in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut — presumably predated by killer whales that were sighted in the area. Inspection of the carcass revealed injuries consistent with published accounts of killer whale predation on large whales and observations of killer whale predation on bowheads described in Inuit traditional knowledge. The bowhead was male, 6.1 m long in good nutritional condition and estimated between 14 and 16 months old. As a recently weaned yearling, this whale would have been highly vulnerable to killer whale predation. With decreasing summer sea ice making some areas of the Arctic more accessible, the incursion and presence of killer whales in the Arctic is expected to increase. A better understanding of Arctic killer whale predation pressure is needed to predict the potential impact they will have on the eastern Canada–west Greenland bowhead population as well as on other marine mammal prey.

En este documento examina la ampliación de las prácticas agroecológicas en el territorio maya achí de Guatemala. Comparamos este caso con otros documentados en la literatura, así como los factores clave o “impulsores” importantes para su escalamiento. Hemos constatado la complejidad de sus factores impulsores y que estos, como los métodos constructivistas de aprendizaje/enseñanza, las políticas públicas favorables y el fuerte tejido social, parecen ser débiles, ausentes o incluso negativos, lo que en parte se debe a la violencia y la represión de los años ochenta, que resultó en el asesinato del 20% de la población dejando el territorio socialmente fragmentado. En este marco, los proyectos que incorporan la agroecología se consideran una estrategia potencial para la recuperación de la comunidad, de modo que son promovidos por asociaciones locales, instituciones y ONG internacionales. Si bien en un principio se planteó que la recuperación social y cultural era la causa principal de la adopción de tales prácticas, nos encontramos con distintos factores adicionales y complejos, entre estos, la expectativa de beneficios económicos y la presencia de organizaciones de ayuda y desarrollo. Analizando estos factores y las barreras contribuimos al debate en curso sobre cómo se pueden ampliar las prácticas agroecológicas, en particular en las regiones que no tienen las condiciones ideales.

La agroecología ha ganado impulso como movimiento trasformador en muchos países y ha crecido más allá de experiencias locales aisladas. La cantidad de familias y comunidades que procesan distribuyen y consumen alimentos que se produce de forma agroecológica va en aumento. Para entender el proceso no lineal y multidimensional que ha facilitado la expansión de la agroecología, analizamos en este texto el Movimiento de Campesino a Campesino centroamericano; el movimiento nacional agroecológico de campesinos en Cuba; el boom del café orgánico en Chiapas, México; la expansión de la Agricultura Natural de Presupuesto Cero en Karnataka, India, y la brasileña Ecovida. Hemos identificado ocho impulsores clave que han llevado a la agroecología a mayor escala: 1) el reconocimiento de una crisis que motiva la búsqueda de alternativas; 2) la organización social; 3) los procesos de aprendizaje constructivista; 4) las prácticas agroecológicas efectivas; 5) los discursos movilizadores; 6) los aliados externos; 7) los mercados favorables, y 8) las oportunidades y marcos políticos favorables. Mostramos que la organización y el tejido social son los medios principales que impulsan el avance de la agroecología; y que se necesita una comprensión más detallada de cómo estas múltiples dimensiones interactúan, se refuerzan y generan una retroalimentación positiva entre sí para hacer posible la expansión territorial de la agroecología.

We explore potential and limitations for agroecological scaling through formal educational structures, using the LabVida school gardens program in Chiapas, Mexico as a case study. Through LabVida training, educators gained an appreciation of agroecology and were able to apply agroecological practices in their school gardens, although their understanding of agroecological principles and scientific process remained limited. The greatest program impact was on educators’ eating habits, and their perception of the value of local knowledge and its relevance to schoolwork. The case study demonstrates the potential of school gardens work for catalyzing communities of practice that contribute to agroecological scaling.

Cet article traite de la critique contre le manque de militantisme de l’écrivain John McPhee dans ses livres qui portent très souvent sur la nature. En parallèle, il évoque le rôle des technocrates et l’importance de les convaincre de rejoindre la bataille contre le changement climatique ; ce que cet article propose, c'est de montrer ce que John McPhee arrive à faire par la technique journalistique, en donnant souvent voix à ses sujets, restant ostensiblement objectif et décrivant les espaces géographiques avec un vocabulaire plus lié aux sciences qu'à la littérature. Enfin, John McPhee sera légèrement critiqué, mais plutôt pour son amour excessif de la vie américaine individualiste qui doit, subjectivement, être décrite comme 'selfreliance' soutenue par la communauté au lieu d'être vue comme une séparation totale des autres. Cette dernière critique relie la discussion de John McPhee avec celle de l’acceptation des technocrates, suggérant que l’écocritique doit être consciente de toutes les communautés, selon le cri de la célèbre activiste Naomi Klein : "Suddenly, Everyone".

Resource development in Arctic waters is proceeding rapidly leading to increased interactions with Arctic wildlife. As sea ice extent decreases, the demand for shipping and ice-breaking operations will expand into winter and spring with greater impact on ice-dependent pinnipeds. However, knowledge of the distribution of these species, such as ringed seals (Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)), during spring within areas of resource development is lacking. Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation’s Mary River iron ore port in southern Milne Inlet, Nunavut opened in 2015 with proposed ice-breaking activities in spring — an important period in ringed seal seasonal life-history. We conducted infrared and photographic aerial surveys in June 2016 and 2017 to overlay the proposed ice-breaking route with ringed seal hotspots (i.e., areas of higher density). We identified four areas of overlap where proposed ice-breaking would traverse through ringed seal hotspots: eastern and western Eclipse Sound (a ringed seal pupping ground identified by local knowledge), the middle of Milne Inlet, and southern Milne Inlet. We identified potential negative implications of spring ice-breaking operations on ringed seals such as displacement, separation of mothers and pups, destruction of resting and birth lairs, and vessel–seal collisions. Results are relevant to policy decision-makers who can develop mitigation strategies in the rapidly melting and developing Arctic.

Purpose: Emergency departments (ED’s) often serve as the access point to health services for individuals living with mental health challenges, with mental health crisis (MHC) accounting for 15% of all presentations to ED’s in Canada. Consumers’ experiences of emergency mental health services have widely been reported as negative. This research aims to explore the experiences of individuals accessing the ED for MHC. Method: A supra-analysis was conducted using data from four semi-structured interviews collected from a larger study exploring stigma, discrimination and resilience in people experiencing mental health challenges. Supra-analysis aims to explore an aspect of the data from a different theoretical perspective. Transcripts were selected based on a participant history of voluntarily accessing emergency services for MHC. Data analysis was completed using the process of thematic analysis which involved immersion in the data, the development and refinement of codes leading to themes. Findings: A major theme of abandonment was identified in participant interviews with subthemes of; geographic, socioemotional and therapeutic abandonment. Participants reported that the locations of care, lack of social/emotional engagement and lack of health care providers’ (HCP) knowledge led to negative experiences attending ED’s. Participants also reported a lack of desire to access emergency services in the future. Conclusion: Future research is vital to enhance the delivery of emergency services, to reduce the feelings of abandonment experienced by individuals accessing the ED for MHC. Training and education must be provided to HCP’s staffing ED’s that focuses on providing high quality, appropriate emergency services to this vulnerable population.

In the field of logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs), the notion of “consistency” is frequently too broad to draw decisive conclusions with respect to the validity of many theses involving the consistency connective. In this paper, we consider the matter of the axiom (cc)0—i.e., the schema ◦ ◦ϕ—by considering its interpretation in contexts in which “consistency” is understood as a type of verifiability. This paper suggests that such an interpretation is implicit in two extracanonical LFIs—Sören Halldén’s nonsense-logic C and Graham Priest’s cointuitionistic logic daC—drawing some interesting conclusions concerning the status of (cc)0. Initially, we discuss Halldén’s skepticism of this axiom and provide a plausible counterexample to its validity. We then discuss the interpretation of the operator in Priest’s daC and show the equivalence of (cc)0 to the intuitionistic principle of testability. These observations suggest that it may be fruitful for members of the LFI community to look outside the canon for evidence concerning the adoption of principles like (cc)0.

L’augmentation du nombre de patients vus en clinique dans un centre de cancérologie du Canada est venue nuire à l’offre d’un enseignement de qualité sur la chimiothérapie pour les patients et leur famille. Le département de gynéco-oncologie a cerné plusieurs obstacles à la transmission d’un enseignement complet et opportun. Une fois le diagnostic de cancer tombé, l’accès à l’enseignement, l’efficacité de l’information transmise par écrit, les contraintes de temps des infirmières et l’absence d’uniformité dans la prise en charge des effets secondaires figurent parmi les obstacles relevés. Une équipe interdisciplinaire s’est donc rassemblée pour revoir les pratiques d’enseignement actuelles et se pencher sur le programme d’enseignement aux patients afin de développer, conjointement, des stratégies pour régler ces problèmes. Cet article décrit les étapes ayant mené à l’élaboration, par le personnel infirmier, d’une formation sur la chimiothérapie (protocoles courants) destinée aux patients atteints de cancers gynécologiques et visant à aider les patients et les soignants à mieux se préparer aux séances de chimiothérapie, à calmer l’anxiété et à savoir comment gérer les effets secondaires liés au traitement.

At a Canadian cancer centre, rising patient volumes made it difficult to provide quality chemotherapy education to patients and families in the clinical setting. The gynecology oncology site identified several barriers to the provision of timely and comprehensive teaching. These barriers included receiving education after learning of a cancer diagnosis, the efficacy of written information, time constraints nurses experienced, and absence of standardized side effect management. This prompted an interdisciplinary team to review current teaching practices and engage the Patient Education Program to collaboratively develop strategies to overcome these challenges. This paper describes the development of a nurse-led chemotherapy education class tailored to patients with gynecologic cancers and focused on common chemotherapy treatment protocols. The purpose of the class was to help patients and caregivers know what to expect during their chemotherapy routine, lower anxiety, and to equip them with knowledge and skills to manage side effects of treatment.

Predator foraging behaviour is influenced by a suite of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including energetic requirements, resource availability, and habitat conditions. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are specialized predators of marine mammals and are adapted to a seasonal sea ice regime in much of their range. We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to estimate the diet composition of 374 female polar bears from 2004 to 2014 in western Hudson Bay, Canada. Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) was the dominant prey species followed by bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) and harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), with minimal consumption of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandica), and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus). Solitary adults and females supporting yearling cubs consumed more bearded seal than did subadults or females with cubs-of-the-year (COY). Subadults may be too small or inexperienced to capture bearded seals and females with COY may avoid offshore pack ice where densities of bearded seals, and potentially infanticidal adult male polar bears, may be highest. A relatively high dietary diversity in subadults and females supporting COY suggests less selective foraging and opportunistic scavenging. Overall, bears consumed more harbour seal and less ringed seal in congruent years, suggesting variable local prey availability. Date of sea ice breakup influenced the diet of subadults and family groups more so than solitary females, suggesting differential sensitivity to sea ice conditions. Interannual variability in diet may be a consequence of differing responses of polar bears and multiple prey species to sea ice conditions in Hudson Bay.

Development strategies of International Financial Institutions (IFIs), such as education strategies of the World Bank, advance globalization in part by promoting networks as organizational forms in public services and wider society. Networks are inherently decentralizing and are becoming the dominant organizational form due to advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The work of Karl Marx (interpreted through David Harvey), Manuel Castells, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari provide new insights into the use of ICT and networks as a social organizational form. Technology does not determine society, but reveals our relations to nature, production, and reproduction, our social relations, and our mental conceptions. These relations are dialectic in the Marxian sense that we cannot change the world around us without also changing ourselves. World Bank education strategies advance a networked type of education system, and impose a new form of discipline, to facilitate the emergence of a knowledge economy. However, the World Bank does not include our relation to nature in these strategies, and the strategies lack detail concerning modes of production and reproduction – essential to knowing why education is necessary. A more comprehensive understanding of the network form and ICT can contribute to critiques of development discourses in education reform and modes of being in the world.

Glacio–isostatic rebound is one of the most important landscape processes affecting the northern and northeastern coast of Canada and, therefore, reconstruction of postglacial rebound rates is critical for a better understanding of landscape evolution in this region. Yet, studies reconstructing coastal palaeogeography in Northern Canada are constrained by the limitation of shell–based radiocarbon chronologies used in dating shoreline displacement and palaeo–sea levels. This study proposes an alternative methodology for the reconstruction and dating of palaeo–sea levels, which uses testate amoeba microfossils from coastal sediments as palaeoecological markers of coastal water table shifts linked to sea level change. Our results indicate that testate amoeba–inferred water table reconstruction is a good indicator of water table drawdown due to isostatic uplift on affected coastlines. Furthermore, radiocarbon dating of distinct plant macrofossils within the transitional marine/freshwater stratigraphy avoids the inherent reservoir effect issues associated with dating of marine shells.

Résumé : Contexte : La toxicité croissante des opioïdes dans le marché illicite des drogues a fait exploser le nombre de surdoses au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde; le programme de naloxone à emporter (NàE) est une intervention fondée sur des données probantes qui consiste à distribuer des trousses contenant de la naloxone aux membres de la communauté susceptibles d'être témoins d'une surdose. L'objectif du présent document d'orientation est de formuler des recommandations stratégiques à l'intention des programmes fédéraux, provinciaux et territoriaux de NàE, en s'appuyant sur des données probantes issues de la documentation scientifique, de la littérature grise et des communautés, à la lumière de 11 années de distribution de NàE au Canada. Méthodes : Le groupe d'élaboration des documents d'orientation sur la naloxone, une équipe multidisciplinaire composée de personnes ayant une expertise et une expérience vécue en matière de toxicomanie, a appliqué l'outil AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation) afin d'éclairer l'élaboration du présent document d'orientation. En vue de l'élaboration de nos recommandations, nous avons procédé entre décembre 2021 et septembre 2022 à une revue systématique de tous les types d'ouvrages dans le but de recueillir les données probantes publiées, ainsi que les données probantes et l'expertise issues de la communauté. Nous avons sollicité des commentaires sur nos recommandations préliminaires par le biais d'un comité de révision externe et d'un processus de participation du public. Le projet a été financé par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada dans le cadre de l'Initiative canadienne de recherche sur l'abus de substances (ICRAS). Nous avons appliqué les principes du Réseau international en matière de lignes directrices (Guidelines International Network) pour gérer les intérêts concurrents. Recommandations : Les données probantes existantes issues de la documentation sur la NàE étaient de faible qualité. Pour élaborer nos recommandations, nous avons incorporé des données probantes tirées de la documentation scientifique et de la littérature grise, ainsi que l'expertise de la communauté. Nos recommandations portent sur 3 volets : les voies d'administration de la naloxone, le contenu des trousses de NàE et les interventions en cas de situations de surdose. Les trousses distribuées par les programmes de naloxone à emporter doivent offrir le choix entre les préparations intramusculaire et intranasale. Le contenu recommandé de la trousse comprend la naloxone, un dispositif d'administration de la naloxone, un équipement de protection individuelle, des instructions et un étui de transport. Les intervenants et intervenantes communautaires formés à la réponse aux surdoses doivent prioriser la respiration artificielle en cas de dépression respiratoire, et la réanimation cardiorespiratoire (RCR) conventionnelle en cas d'arrêt cardiaque, entre autres interventions. Interprétation : Ce projet d'élaboration d'un document d'orientation vise à guider les programmes de NàE au Canada dans un contexte où les données probantes publiées sont rares; les recommandations ont été élaborées en collaboration avec diverses parties prenantes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the disengagement and deradicalization experiences of Northern Irish loyalist paramilitaries from the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and Red Hand Commando (RHC). Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to develop an understanding of how the former combatants interpreted and made sense of their disengagement from violence extremism in Northern Ireland after the Belfast Agreement. The analysis of the interviews focusses around push and pull factors which either promote or hinder their ability to move away from violent extremism. The results find a resonance with recent research exploring disengagement and deradicalization processes with terror groupings across the globe and the ideological spectrum. The findings are discussed in relation to a number of topics, including the role of prison, barriers to disengagement, continued commitment and radicalization after desistence from violent extremism, the role of life changes in promoting disengagement and how organizational pressures contain and influence individual disengagement.

Most research on common book programs focuses on student outcomes. This paper presents a study about the impact of a common book program on teaching and learning practices at a small mainly undergraduate university. This study consists of two phases. In Phase 1, we surveyed faculty members (N= 32, a response rate of 21.3%), about the influence of the program on teaching practices and dialogue with colleagues as well as their perceptions of the program’s impact on student learning. In Phase 2, we conducted interviews with business faculty, who were early program adopters (N=8). Most respondents believed that students benefited from the program. Faculty members perceived the common book program as a tool that facilitated course content and enhanced students’ literacy. While responses were mixed about the perceived impact on teaching practices, faculty members interviewed felt that the common book program created opportunities for discussion about teaching and learning.

Purpose: Emergency departments (ED’s) often serve as the access point to health services for individuals living with mental health challenges, with mental health crisis (MHC) accounting for 15% of all presentations to ED’s in Canada. Consumers’ experiences of emergency mental health services have widely been reported as negative. This research aims to explore the experiences of individuals accessing the ED for MHC. Method: A supra-analysis was conducted using data from four semi-structured interviews collected from a larger study exploring stigma, discrimination and resilience in people experiencing mental health challenges. Supra-analysis aims to explore an aspect of the data from a different theoretical perspective. Transcripts were selected based on a participant history of voluntarily accessing emergency services for MHC. Data analysis was completed using the process of thematic analysis which involved immersion in the data, the development and refinement of codes leading to themes. Findings: A major theme of abandonment was identified in participant interviews with subthemes of; geographic, socioemotional and therapeutic abandonment. Participants reported that the locations of care, lack of social/emotional engagement and lack of health care providers’ (HCP) knowledge led to negative experiences attending ED’s. Participants also reported a lack of desire to access emergency services in the future. Conclusion: Future research is vital to enhance the delivery of emergency services, to reduce the feelings of abandonment experienced by individuals accessing the ED for MHC. Training and education must be provided to HCP’s staffing ED’s that focuses on providing high quality, appropriate emergency services to this vulnerable population.

Abstract This paper uses Paul Ricœur’s analyses of ideology to argue for the mitigation of the possibility of political evil within the political paradox. In explicating the paradox, Ricœur seeks to hold in tension two basic aspects of politics: its benefits and its propensity to evil. This tension, however, should not be viewed as representative of a dualism. The evil of politics notwithstanding, Ricœur encourages us to view the political order as a deeply important part of our shared existence. By thinking past the distorting function of ideology to the legitimating and integrating functions that Ricœur calls more basic than distortion, a mode of thought that is often at the heart of political evil, ideology can be used to mitigate that very evil. Keywords: Ricœur, “The Political Paradox,” Ideology, Political Violence, Justice. Résumé Cet article s’appuie sur les analyses ricœuriennes de l’idéologie dans le but de montrer que l’idéologie est susceptible de contribuer à une atténuation du mal politique inhérent au paradoxe politique. Dans son explicitation de ce paradoxe, Ricœur cherche à mettre en relation tensionnelle deux aspects fondamentaux de la politique: ses avantages et ses maux. Cependant, cette tension ne devrait pas être interprétée comme l’expression d’un dualisme. En dépit du mal inhérent au politique, Ricœur nous encourage à voir l’ordre politique comme une partie profondément importante de notre existence partagée. Si l’on régresse en-deçà de la fonction de distorsion de l’idéologie vers ses fonctions légitimantes et integratrices, c’est-à-dire vers ses fonctions les plus fondamentales, il apparaît en effet que l’idéologie, tout en étant souvent au cœur du mal politique, peut néanmoins être utilisée pour atténuer ce mal. Mots-clés: Ricœur, paradoxe politique, ideologie, violence politique, justice.

En el primer capítulo del compendio de trabajos de James Ferguson entre 1990 y 2005, el autor desafía la concepción unívoca de la globalización como un todo uniforme, brillante y redondo a través del ejemplo del continente africano, al que define como un ente incómodo y, por ello, olvidado en buena parte de los estudios centrales de la globalización en los últimos años. Así, y gracias a las resistencias y diferentes perspectivas sobre lo global en África, el autor destapa las aristas del concepto de la globalización y deja espacio para nuevas formas de entender la realidad internacional de este tiempo.

La cuestión de cómo "Occidente" llegó a dominar el mundo durante la era moderna se ha debatido recientemente entre los historiadores. El debate se ha polarizado entre quienes ven en la "modernidad" como resultado de un 'milagro', el proceso cultural único generado en el seno del mismo Occidente, y aquellos que cuestionan este "milagro" como paradigma eurocéntrico, y buscan otros factores para entender y explicar el dominio occidental del mundo económico y político. La literatura tradicional, representada por David Landes en su reciente “La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones”, atribuye el éxito europeo a sus valores culturales únicos, a sus instituciones sociales y sus prácticas políticas. Este éxito fue completamente "impulsado desde dentro” por estas características. Recientemente, varios historiadores han cuestionado este "paradigma del milagro" como eurocéntrica, y miran a otros factores para comprender y explicar el dominio occidental del mundo económico y político. Después de examinar los recientes trabajos de los historiadores frente a este problema, este artículo trata de colocar la expansión europea en un contexto global, y la comprensión de la Revolución Industrial como una transformación global. Esta perspectiva nos permite entender los cambios tecnológicos y económicos Europeos en el contexto más amplio de patrones de interacción económica y cultural de todo el mundo._____________ABSTRACT:The question of how 'the West' came to dominate the globe during the modern era has been debated recently among historians. The debate has been polarized between those who view 'modernity' as the result of a 'European miracle', the culturally unique and internally generated project of the West, and those who question this 'European miracle' paradigm as Eurocentric, and look to other factors to understand and explain Western economic and political world dominance. The traditional narrative, represented by David Landes in his recent The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, attributes European success to its unique cultural values, social institutions, and political practices. This success was entirely 'internally driven' by these characteristics. Recently, a number of historians have questioned this 'European miracle' paradigm as Eurocentric, and look to other factors to understand and explain Western economic and political world dominance. After surveying the recent work of historians addressing this problem, this paper argues for placing European expansion within a global context, and understanding the Industrial Revolution as a global transformation. This perspective allows us to understand European technological and economic changes within the larger context of patterns of worldwide economic and cultural interaction.