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In Nunavik, anadromous Arctic char spend more than 6 months under ice-covered habitats, mainly in lakes. Their winter habitats in this region have been scarcely studied due to the challenging logistics in the Arctic. In this study, we worked with Inuit fishers to characterize the winter habitat and incubation areas used by Arctic chars in five overwintering lakes and one lentic river reach. The collaborating fishers determined char occupancy of certain areas related to fishing sites (presence, absence, and spawning) and conducted measurements to characterize the sites while performing their fishing activities. The data showed that incubation areas were associated with significantly shallower depths and warmer (albeit not statistically significant) lake bottom temperatures than sites where no spawning occurs, which is beneficial for egg maturation. The productivity of these areas is also beneficial for fry that hatch during winter. Adult and post-smolt habitats tended to be associated with cold littoral zone, but their habitat did not show any other distinct characteristics. This exploratory study adds insights into the cryptic characteristics of the Arctic char winter habitat use, thanks to the Inuit fishers’ knowledge of fish habitats and movements, and the experience and expertise they have acquired working in the local environment.

The 2022 adoption of a new policy framework on community support in social housing in Québec speaks to a convergence of a multitude of community, government, and municipal actors around this practice. This qualitative study delves into the process by which this approach was institutionalized to demonstrate how community support became a central norm of the social housing field in the province. Drawing from literature on the welfare mix, we situate this phenomenon in the broader context of the transformation of the welfare state, in which nonprofit organizations played an increasing role in providing social housing to vulnerable populations (e.g., people at risk of homelessness). This article demonstrates how power dynamics and negotiations between the state and the third sector were, in this case, a major source of institutional change over time.

This study is a comprehensive documentation of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) life history in Ungava Bay, Nunavik, Canada, through Inuit knowledge. Inuit experts shared their knowledge during semidirected interviews and other occasions such as informal discussions and fieldwork. A contextualized synthesis of published western scientific literature is provided for the various life stages of Arctic char. The close year-round relationship Inuit have with Arctic char allows to set evidence of poorly described life-history strategies in western literature and to reveal behaviours that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, have not been documented so far. The connections and paralleling of Inuit knowledge and published studies about Arctic char informs western science with a more holistic understanding of Arctic char ecology. By bringing Inuit knowledge of Arctic char to the foreground, the present study highlights relevant research avenues for co-developed projects on Arctic char ecology.

Copyright of Revue Hybride de l'Éducation (RHÉ) is the property of Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Departement des sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Social accountability (SA), as defined by Boelen and Heck, is the obligation of medical schools to address the needs of communities through education, research and service activities. While SA is embedded within health profession education frameworks in medicine, they are rarely taught within graduate-level (MSc/PhD) education. Methods: As these programs train future medical researchers, we invited first-year graduate students enrolled in a mandatory professionalism class at our institution (n = 111) to complete a survey on their perceptions of the importance of SA in their research, training, and future careers. Results: Over 80% (n = 87) of respondents agreed that SA is relevant and felt committed to integrating it into their future research activities, only a limited number of students felt confident and/or supported in their abilities to integrate SA into their research. Conclusions: Specific SA training in graduate education is necessary for students to effectively incorporate elements of SA into their research, and as such support the SA mandates of their training institutions. We posit that awareness of SA principles formalizes the professional standards for biomedical researchers and is thus foundational for developing a professionalism curriculum in graduate education programs in medicine. We propose an expansion of the World Health Organization (WHO) partnership pentagon to include partners within the research ecosystem (funding partners, certification bodies) that collaborate with biomedical researchers to make research socially accountable.

In Nunavik, anadromous Arctic char spend more than six months under ice-covered habitats, mainly in lakes. Their winter habitats in this region have been scarcely studied due to the challenging logistics in the Arctic. In this study, we worked with Inuit fishers to characterize the winter habitat and incubation areas used by Arctic chars in five overwintering lakes and one lentic river reach. The collaborating fishers determined char occupancy of certain areas related to fishing sites (presence, absence, spawning) and conducted measurements to characterize the sites while performing their fishing activities. The data showed that incubation areas were associated with significantly shallower depths and warmer (albeit not statistically significant) lake bottom temperatures than sites where no spawning occurs, which is beneficial for egg maturation. The productivity of these areas is also beneficial for fry that hatch during winter. Adults and post-smolt habitats tended to be associated with cold littoral zone but their habitat did not show any other distinct characteristics. This exploratory study adds insights into the cryptic characteristics of the Arctic char winter habitat use, thanks to the Inuit fishers’ knowledge of fish habitats and movements, and the experience and expertise they have acquired working in the local environment.

COVID-19 has led to unprecedented health and social measures in several countries, including major restrictions on funeral rituals. These restrictions concerned pre-mortem, peri-mortem and post-mortem rites. Based on a longitudinal study of 955 French-speaking Canadians bereaved of a loved one during the pandemic, this article describes the reality of these impediments. Through an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data collected, it is possible to identify the gap between desired and realized funeral rituals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show important hindrances to the various desired rituals, yet some ritual and symbolic creativity by the bereaved. La Covid-19 a entraine dans plusieurs pays des mesures sociosanitaires inedites, notamment des restrictions majeures aux rituels funeraires. Ces empechements ont concerne tant les rites pre-mortem, peri-mortem que post-mortem. A partir d'une etude longitudinale debutee en mars 2021 aupres de 955 personnes francophones canadiennes endeuillees d'un proche pendant la pandemie, cet article propose de decrire la realite vecue de ces empechements. Par une analyse des donnees quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies, il est possible d'identifier l'ecart entre les rituels funeraires souhaites et realises pendant la premiere annee de la pandemie de Covid-19. Les resultats montrent d'importantes privations des differents rites souhaites, mais egalement une certaine creativite rituelle et symbolique de la part des personnes endeuillees., INTRODUCTION La Covid-19 a entraine dans plusieurs pays des mesures sociosanitaires inedites qui ont eu des effets collateraux majeurs sur la qualite de vie et la sante (e.g., Gloster et [...]

Introduction : Au Québec, le développement de la pratique de l’ergothérapie en déficience intellectuelle est en pleine émergence au regard du nombre d’ergothérapeutes engagés dans l’offre de services destinée à cette clientèle. Néanmoins, les écrits et les outils liés à l’ergothérapie au Québec dans ce domaine restent limités pour soutenir les ergothérapeutes dans l’accomplissement de leur plein potentiel professionnel. Objectif : Cette étude vise à brosser le portrait de la pratique de l’ergothérapie auprès des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle au Québec. Méthode : L’enquête utilisant un questionnaire en ligne, diffusé aux ergothérapeutes par le biais de leur association professionnelle, comprenait des questions liées aux motifs de référence en ergothérapie, aux stratégies d’évaluation et aux méthodes d’intervention utilisées, ainsi qu’aux défis rencontrés dans la pratique. Résultats : Un total de 53 ergothérapeutes a rempli le questionnaire. Les participants travaillent dans divers contextes de pratique et répondent à une variété de demandes de consultation, principalement en lien avec le soutien à l’autonomie. Les ergothérapeutes utilisent plusieurs outils d’évaluation, mais notent un défi concernant la standardisation et l’utilisation des valeurs normatives. Les ergothérapeutes agissent majoritairement à titre de consultants et constatent un accès limité à des formations pour soutenir leur développement professionnel. Conclusion : Bien que les rôles de l’ergothérapeute soient multiples, il semble qu’une faible implication de ces professionnels soit observée dans plusieurs sphères de vie des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Divers champs d’exercices de l’ergothérapie resteraient à développer au Québec, notamment dans le soutien aux transitions de vie, auprès des personnes présentant des incapacités significatives, et dans l’inclusion socioprofessionnelle. ----- Introduction: In Quebec, the occupational therapy practice in intellectual disability is in full development with regard to the number of occupational therapists involved in services intended for people with an intellectual disability. Nevertheless, scientific literature and professional tools related to occupational therapy specific to this context remains limited to support occupational therapist in achieving their full potential. Aim: This study aims to explore the occupational therapy practice amongst people with an intellectual disability in Quebec. Method: This survey using an online questionnaire, distributed to occupational therapists through their professional association, included closed and open-ended questions related to reasons for referral in occupational therapy services, currently used assessment strategies and intervention methods, as well as challenges encountered by occupational therapists. Results: A total of 53 occupational therapists completed the survey. Participants work in many practice settings and respond to a variety of consultation requests, primarily related to support of autonomy in daily activities. Occupational therapists use several assessment tools, but identify a challenge regarding the standardization and the use of normative values. Occupational therapists mostly act as consultants and report limited access to training supporting their professional development. Conclusion: Although the roles of occupational therapist are multiple, a limited involvement of these professionals is noted in several life domains of people with an intellectual disability. Various fields of expertise still need to be developed in Quebec, notably in the support during life transitions, in interventions with people with significant disabilities, and in socioprofessional inclusion.

Background: While educators observe gaps in clerkship students’ clinical reasoning (CR) skills, students report few opportunities to develop them. This study aims at exploring how students who used self-explanation (SE) and structured reflection (SR) for CR learning during preclinical training, applied these learning strategies during clerkship. Methods: We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study involving medical students. With a questionnaire, we asked students how frequently they adopted behaviours related to SE and SR during clerkship. Next, we conducted a focus group with students to explore why they adopted these behaviours. Results: Fifty-two of 198 students answered the questionnaire and five participated in a focus group. Specific behaviours adopted varied from 50% to 98%. We identified three themes about why students used these strategies: as “just in time” learning strategies; to deepen their understanding and identify gaps in knowledge; to develop a practical approach to diagnosis. A fourth theme related to the balance between learning and assessment and its consequence on adopting SE behaviours. Conclusions: Students having experienced SE and SR regularly in preclinical training tend to transpose these strategies into the clerkship providing them with a practical way to reflect deliberately and capture learning opportunities of the unpredictable clinical context.

The objective of this study is to explore the sociolinguistic paths of students dealing with the issue of discrimination on linguistic pretexts (or glottophobia) in Brittany, a region where the question of linguistic minority has been visibly raised for a long time. Just over 100 participants enrolled at Rennes 2 University participated in a semi-directive online quantitative survey. The responses reveal a significant linguistic plurality, especially of family origin and to which respondents say they are attached. In particular, there is a significant place held by a regional language, Breton, alongside languages from elsewhere (about half of the witnesses grew up with several languages and say they practice several of them today). The normative norm of French (perceived as above all academic, Parisian, socially marked) occupies an important place both as a reference and as a declared practice. A stigmatization of their forms of French is reported by nearly 50% of respondents, which creates a certain linguistic insecurity. The notion of glottophobic discrimination appears to be very well identified. In the last three years, more than 50% have witnessed it and about 10% have been victims (the use of « immigration » languages being the main pretext mentioned). About 20% spoke to relatives and none to a mediation or appeal body. Implementing a glottopolitical intervention requires establishing a diagnosis of a sociolinguistic situation at a time T by including the glottopolitical orientations of social actors (the « agents », in the Guespin-Marcellesi terminology). This study confirms that an information and vigilance system is necessary to ensure respect for fundamental language rights and fair treatment of people regardless of the language(s) and variety of French used.

Copyright of Revue Hybride de l'Éducation (RHÉ) is the property of Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Departement des sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Hybride de l'Éducation (RHÉ) is the property of Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Departement des sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Documenting a patient’s family history of cancer is useful in assessing their predisposition to some types of hereditary cancers. A group of nurses working with cancer patients were surveyed, by way of a questionnaire, to determine their level of knowledge about oncogenetics, describe various issues related to their capacity to identify, refer and support individuals with a hereditary risk of cancer, and explore their interest in continuing education on this topic. The findings show limited knowledge and a low sense of competence among the participating nurses, as well as a lack of access to university and continuing education programs in this field. Training focused on competency development would enhance their capacity to carry out an initial assessment of individuals who are potentially at risk for cancer and refer them to specialized resources.

La collecte des antécédents familiaux de cancer permet d’évaluer la prédisposition à certains types de cancers héréditaires. Une enquête par questionnaire a été menée auprès d’infirmières travaillant auprès de personnes atteintes de cancer afin d’évaluer leurs connaissances en oncogénétique, de décrire les enjeux liés à leur capacité à identifier, à référer et à accompagner des personnes présentant un risque héréditaire de cancer et d’explorer leur intérêt pour de la formation continue. Les résultats démontrent des connaissances et un sentiment de compétence retreints chez les infirmières et un accès limité à de la formation universitaire et continue. De la formation axée sur le développement de leurs compétences renforcerait leur capacité à procéder à l’évaluation initiale des personnes potentiellement à risque de cancer et à les orienter vers des ressources spécialisées.

In Benin, very little research has been done on the profile of head teachers. It is therefore impossible to know, for example, to what extent the legal requirements regarding entry profiles are respected or whether headteachers are likely to possess the generic skills sought. This analysis could shed light on the recruitment and training policies for school principals in Benin in relation to the generic skills sought. This article contributes to filling this gap by analyzing the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of primary school principals in Benin. This exploratory study using descriptive analyses is carried out using data from the CONFEMEN Educational Systems Analysis Program (PASEC) collected during the 2013–2014 school year. Our results show a low feminization of school management positions in Benin, regardless of the status of the school (public or private). The professional certificate (CAP), the minimum diploma required to head a primary school in the Beninese education system, is held by all public-school principals. However, the private sector has more than 43 percent of principals who do not have the CAP. The study allows us to start thinking about whether or not it is necessary to impose a minimum level of schooling other than the vocational diploma (CAP) to be eligible for the position of head of a primary school. A second perspective concerns the importance of stricter supervision of private schools with regard to compliance with the regulations on appointment to the post of primary school principal in Benin.

Cet article entend montrer l’actualité du thème du dragon chez les enfants au Québec, à partir d’une étude portant sur les productions culturelles (livres et films) qui leur sont destinées, mais aussi à partir d’une analyse de tests anthropologiques (AT.9) complétés par 194 enfants de six à douze ans entre 2009 et 2019. Cette analyse des AT.9, contextualisée par celle de la culture environnante des enfants, nous permet de conclure à une persistance du thème du dragon, à une pluralité des interprétations de cette figure et à la pertinence de la théorie des structures anthropologiques de l’imaginaire (G. Durand) pour notre époque, y compris auprès des enfants. De tout ceci émerge un constat : dès six ans, les enfants possèdent déjà les structures anthropologiques mais aussi certaines figures culturelles que l’on retrouve chez les adultes et dans les grandes cultures de l’humanité.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the psychological health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Cross-sectional studies report suicidal ideation in this population during this period, but no longitudinal study has examined the evolution of these ideas over time. Objectives: To assess the evolution of suicidal ideation of HCWs during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic among Quebec (Canada) HCWs and to identify the risk factors involved. Methods: A longitudinal study among Quebec (Canada) HCWs using ecological momentary assessment was conducted between May 8, 2020, and March 31, 2021 (corresponding to the second half of the first wave to the end of the second). Participants (n=865) answered weekly questions related to anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 Q.9), exposure to COVID-19, exposure to COVID-19-related deaths, their infection status and that of their co-workers and loved ones, as well as the amount of time they spent consuming news related to COVID-19. Results: Proportion of suicidal ideation increased from May to June 2020 (second half of the first wave) peaking at 18% before declining up to March 2021. Anxiety and depression symptoms severity increased those ideations as well as having a colleague confirmed positive to COVID-19. Social support does not appear to be a protective factor for suicidal ideation. Suicidal thoughts are associated with media consumption and appear to be mediated by the presence of clinical distress expressed as depressive or anxiety states. Discussion and conclusion: Media consumption in a pandemic context is associated with anxiety and depression, the more severe states of which may express suicidal ideation. Without inferring causality relationship, it seems advisable for HCWs to limit their media exposure during a disaster such as a pandemic.

Few sources cover the first 30 years of Thomas Jefferson. His Literary Commonplace Book (LCB), compiled almost entirely from his adolescence to the dawn of his political career (1758-1773), possesses thus an invaluable heuristic value. The goal of this article is to grasp a vision of existence which could explain the foundations of his liberalism. We believe this possible because the LCB possesses a value and a meaning to the eyes of Jefferson which can be perceived early as much as late in his life. The themes of fatality and of finitude, but also, of the virtue of which man is capable, are all central. We believe that the extracts chosen by Jefferson, when put in parallel with his texts written in this period as with those written posteriorly, permit to apprehend in his thought a conception of an individual which, even if placed at the mercy of a fatality relative to which he remains powerless, keeps a potentiality for autonomy and virtue. We will subsequently recognize this optimism in his liberal writings.