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Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Letters of Angélique Arnauld to the Queen of Poland Louise-Marie de Gonzague make up a good example of the rhetorical place that divine Providence can hold. Seeing as it is a matter of linking the earthly event to its superior causality, in order to lead the recipient of the letter to a renewed understanding of the world, Providence plays indeed the part of a rhetorical driving force: it becomes the principle making the world decipherable, and the horizon governing the implementation of emotions. Expanded to the dimension of eternity, the human event thus becomes a tragedy that can be requalified by a textual dynamic concerned both with commenting on it and with leaving it to its own mystery.

Completed in 1043/1633, the Insān al-ʿuyūn fī sīrat al-nabī l-maʾmūn by the Egyptian shaykh ʿAlī l-Ḥalabī (d. 1044/1635) is better known as Sīra ḥalabiyya. It presents itself as a summary of two Mamluk-era sīra s, the ʿUyūn al-aṯar fī funūn al-maġāzī wa-l-šamāʾil wa-l-siyar by Ibn Sayyid al-Nās (d. 734/1334) and the Subul al-hudā wa-l-rašād fī sīrat ḫayr al-ʿibād , of al-Ṣāliḥī l-Šāmī (d. 942/1536). The Sīra of Ḥalabī was written at the request of the sheikh al-Bakrī and participated in the debates of 11th/17th-century Ottoman Islam. By getting rid of the chains of transmission of hadiths, and of a too strict quest for authenticity, by often avoiding quoting precisely its sources, al-Ḥalabī seeks narrative flexibility for presenting probable, possible, and multiple versions of the Prophet's life. His conciliatory method firmly guides the reader to the signs of the Prophet's presence in human history, where the origins are constantly made current by new narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to present, based on the Rom. ms. 312 from the Academy Library in Bucharest, the teaching material used by a teacher of Slavonic in the second half of the 17th century. Rom. ms. 312 BAR is well-known particularly because it contains the largest dictionary belonging to the group of the first bilingual Romanian dictionaries. The elaboration of these dictionaries should be considered in relation to the political and cultural context of the reign of Matei Basarab, in a period in which Wallachia was influenced by the cultural prestige of Kyiv and of the metropolitan Petru Movilă, who influenced the cultural development of the Romanian Principalities. Matei Basarab wanted to restore the dominance of the Slavonic language and culture, by encouraging the development of schools, among other measures. The necessary linguistic tools were provided by Kyiv, namely the Slavonic-Ruthenian lexicon and Meletius Smotrytsky’s Slavonic grammar (1619). These tools, besides being used as such in schools, provide models for the first Romanian dictionaries and the first Slavonic grammar translated into Romanian. Six Slavonic-Romanian dictionaries have survived, all written in the second half of the 17th century (except for one dating from 1649) in Wallachia, based on the Slavonic-Ruthenian lexicon published by Pamvo Berynda in 1627, which these six works adapted both in terms of the number of entries and the content of the Romanian definitions. Except for the lexicon issued in 1649, the others seem to be modified copies based on a single version. Two manuscripts containing the first Romanian bilingual lexicons also include copies after the same Romanian redaction of the Slavonic grammar. The Rom. ms. 312 comprises the lexicon, part of the grammar, and other lexicographical components, organized as additions to the main word lists. There are several studies on the content of Rom. ms. 312, yet previous research only presents it from a general perspective without much detail on its components. We shall demonstrate that its content is also more complex than that of the other lexicons, indicating and presenting its parts: the first list of words taken from the Slavonic-Ruthenian lexicon; a second list which is independent of it, but which can also be found in three of the other lexicons included in the group; three thematic lists and two lists without a specific theme, plus a dictionary of proper names translated into Slavonic, which has never been studied. Furthermore, we also present opinions on the author of the grammar included in this lexicon. A comparative analysis of the Slavonic grammar of Rom. ms. 312 and the one in Rom. ms. 3473 from the Romanian Academy Library allowed us to advance the hypothesis that these are copies of a previous writing, which was not preserved.

Yeniçağ ekonomilerinde nakit ihtiyacının karşılanması oldukça zor bir durumdu. Osmanlılar da hazinenin nakit ihtiyacının karşılanması adına iltizam sistemini oldukça faal bir şekilde kullandılar. Ülke geneline yayılan sistemin 17. yüzyılın ilk yarısındaki görünümünü inceleyen bu makale tüm iltizam sistemini değil bu sistem içinde Rumeli’deki iltizam sahipleri arasındaki ortaklık ilişkilerini araştırmaktadır. Makale ortaklık kuran mültezimlerin kimlikleri, ortaklık kurdukları iltizam tahvillerinin içerikleri, bunların maddi değerleri ve aralarındaki ilişkilerin bir girişimcilik örneği sayılıp sayılamayacağı meseleleri üzerinde odaklanmaktadır. Ortaklık ilişkisi içindeki mültezimlerin önemli bir bölümünün askerler ve sair devlet görevlilerinden olması, incelenen dönemin konjonktürel olarak güçlü bir yansıması şeklinde görülebilir. Ortaklıklara imza atan mültezimler ve onlara destek veren kâtip ya da kefil gibi diğer iştirakleri hem askeri yükümlülüklerden muaf olmak hem de mali güçlerine güç katmak adına iltizamlara rağbet göstermişlerdir. Makale Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü’nden elde edilen arşiv kaynaklarından derlenen iltizam tahvilinin incelenmesiyle şekillenmiştir. Geleneksel ve çağdaş literatür çalışmaya destek sağlayan diğer kaynak guruplarıdır.

The war seems an inappropriate element in the commentary on utopian texts. Yet it is one of the recurring motifs in fictions about Elsewhere in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the article, through famous works as well as those little known, we try to sketch the place and role of the warrior motif in the representation of fictional worlds and in the narrative construction. In the 17th century, it is only a question of the allusions and discreet mentions of the experience of the war which express the fears of the Utopians against the European conquerors. On the other hand, in the 18th century we observe the appearance of warlike episodes which are part of the storyline, which expresses the hold of the novel on the traditional model of utopia. War then becomes a necessity to accomplish a radical change undergone by the utopian community.

This article will try to delve into the particularities of the process of Christianization of slaves in New Granada at the beginning of the 17th century and its significance. At the beginning of the 17th century, the largest number of ships, mainly Portuguese, arrived at the port of Cartagena, bringing black slaves from Africa. The poor health conditions in which slaves arrived raised a great desire for their conversion to Christianity, added to the fact that the most of them spent short time in the port. This urgency in the salvation of the souls of the slaves recently arrived in port led to raise several exceptions in baptism, which we will try to analyze, exposed by the Jesuit Alonso de Sandoval in his book De Instaurata Aethiopum Salute published in 1627 and carried out by Pedro Claver, since his final arrival in Cartagena in 1615. We will make special emphasis on the exceptions that were exposed and defended before the Roman Catholic Church, which were the rename, the use of several interpreters of diverse African languages, permanently, and at the same time throughout the Christianization process, in addition to orality, repetition and memorization as the only means of transmitting this religious knowledge.

The Briefportal Leibniz is a digital collection of selected letters from series III (Mathematischer, naturwissenschaftlicher und technischer Briefwechsel) of the ongoing critical print edition of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’ works and letters, edited by the Academies of Sciences in Berlin and Göttingen. The main corpus of the selection, 157 letters, consists of Leibniz’ correspondence with Johann Bernoulli between 1693 and 1701 which centres mainly on mathematical matters. The portal offers a reader friendly chronological overview of these and several other correspondences but lacks some of the commentary and other material of the printed edition as well as download options for the underlying data. Despite these desiderata, the Briefportal Leibniz is still a promising part of the digital augmentation of the monumental Leibniz edition.

This review examines the Digital Edition of the Diaries of Prince Christian II. von Anhalt-Bernburg, implemented by the University of Freiburg and the Herzog August Bibliothek. The research project, which has been running since 2013 and has not yet been completed, aims to present the entire diary (diplomatic transcription and facsimiles) of the prince which comprises a total of approximately 17,400 pages. In its digital approach, the project offers a sound-text-presentation that far surpasses that of the print medium (e.g., enrichment with norm data, visualizations, provision of Linked Open Data), but the lack of technical documentation makes it difficult to trace the workflow, archiving, or even subsequent use of the data.

Copyright of Cahiers des Dix is the property of Societe des Dix and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales de Filología Francesa is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors present the characteristics of Jesuit libraries in the Kingdom of Hungary in terms of their content, with special focus on works by the most influential Jesuit authors, which were among the most numerous ones in Hungarian Jesuit libraries. The authors also draw attention to the most popular titles published by the Hungarian Jesuits in the 17th century, which can be considered bestsellers of Baroque Catholic literature not only in the Kingdom of Hungary, but also abroad. Many of them also found their readers in Poland and were translated into Polish. Furthermore, the authors point to the interconnection between Hungarian and Polish Jesuit book culture and the Jesuit Polonica in Hungarian Jesuit libraries and typographies of the 17th-18th century. The Hungarian book culture does not mean the book culture of contemporary Hungary, but of Kingdom of Hungary. This paper focus on the Jesuits from the Slovak territory, which was a part of Kingdom of Hungary for 800 years (from 11th century to 1918). The essential research sources are the international educational program Ratio Atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Jesu and catalogues of Hungarian Jesuit libraries, located in Slovakia, from the years 1632–1782.

The 17th century was a difficult time for bishops in England. Throughout the century, the country was beset with religious and political conflicts and violence, both verbal and physical. This situation was compounded by factions within monarchy, parliament and Church. The Church, in its widest sense, was roughly split between three entities: dissenters, Anglicans and Roman-Catholics. Before the Interregnum, the Episcopacy had been abolished although bishops did not lose their clerical status. Edward Stillingfleet (1635-1699), ordained in 1658 before the Restoration of 1660, believed that Episcopal oversight was the best method of Church jurisdiction. He noted that neither Christ not the Apostles had decreed any specific of Church government. If individual Churches or ministers stayed true to accepted practices and beliefs, there would have been less need for the Episcopacy. After the Glorious Revolution in 1689, Stillingfleet became the Bishop of Worcester. Throughout his career, Stillingfleet continually defended the Episcopacy against attacks by Dissenters who were against Episcopal authority and by Roman-Catholics who felt the bishops had deserted the true Christian faith.

This essay offers a general analysis of how worked the administrative system of recruitment used by the Spanish monarchy at the beginning of the 17th century. On the one hand, we approach the key lines of how the process, the instructions, or the districts of recruitment were organized. On the other hand, we analyze the principal problems of the system already mentioned by the historiography, and the solutions implemented by the Council of War to remedy the situation. Specially studying the social problems and of public order generated by the troops during the enrollment, and the elements of control, like the commissioners. In this system, the main burden of the recruitment was in the hands of the captains. To know their real professional skills is necessary to go in depth into the systems of captains’ appointments, the quality and experience of the applicants, or the importance of the venality, which is also developed in this text.

In mid-seventeenth-century Goa two major socio-religious debates were superimposed : the access to the priesthood of the Brahmins converted to Christianity and the inferior status of the Portuguese friars born in India with respect to those of the kingdom. In this context, an Italian Theatine, who had recently arrived in India, decided to tackle an issue that had been undermined until then : the access to the sacramental communion of the Christians converted from Hinduism and of the black slaves of African origin. In Goa, a clearly European concern – the question of frequent communion – acquired new connotations that allowed Antonio Ardizzone Spinola (1605-1699) to fight against the religious discrimination of slaves and defend the dignity of all Christians, regardless of the color of their skin, and their unrestricted access to the sacraments.

Based on a reconstruction of the library of Gaston d’Orléans (1608-1660), this article considers the prince’s ancient culture from the perspective of his books. It sets the reading of ancient languages and texts in the context of the collection and examines the intellectual and material choices presiding over the selection of editions in the three major disciplines covered by the collection: history, sciences and belles lettres.

A card from the family life of Zamość Armenians. Murder of Helena Kistesterowiczowa (1680) Death of Helena Kistesterowiczowa, who was murdered by her husband only one year after their marriage, was the most shocking event in the history of the Zamość Armenian commune. On the basis of case files and other sources, the author presents circumstances of this crime and course of the case. Analysing the testimonies of the accused and witnesses as well as the report about examination of the corpse, he reconstructs the events, depicting relations in the marriage of Kistesterowicze, for which the conflict between Eliasz Kistesterowicz and his father-in-law Serhij Zachariaszewicz Browar was the background. This affair constitutes a minor contribution to family relations of Zamość Armenians in the second half of the 17th century.

Based on some arbítrios, this article examines the proposals elaborated by Portuguese vassals that circulated in overseas spaces, aiming to demonstrate how the formulation of Portuguese overseas policy was not necessarily imposed by decision-making centers, but effectively constructed in center-locality relations. The context of the analysis is that of the critical situation after the 1640 coup, a time of war and re-establishment of territorial hierarchies. One of the reached conclusions is that the authority of the Overseas Council was also woven into those relations, and cannot be understood only in a manner inherent to the palace sphere.

This article provides an analysis of Racine’s Bérénice, using data obtained by applying to the text a software developed by the Stanford Literary Lab and based on Network Theory. What seems to be a detail – the presence of mute characters on stage – proves to be a very effective tool for making sense of the whole tragedy.

Résumé : Au XVIe siècle, les succès acquis au Japon par l’Église catholique ont été fort précaires. Dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle, l’archipel rompt ses relations commerciales avec les puissances ibériques et les communautés catholiques connaissent la répression ; celles-ci sont rapidement coupées de leurs élites et le catholicisme passe progressivement à la clandestinité. Peu de chercheurs se sont interrogés sur le regard que portaient les premières générations de crypto-catholiques (ou chrétiens cachés) sur leur apostasie formelle. Dans cet article, on montrera que le message exclusif des missionnaires ayant pris racine au Japon, la transition forcée vers le secret s’est accompagnée d’une recrudescence des tensions sotériologiques au sein de la chrétienté. Abstract: The successes obtained by the Catholic Church in Japan in the 16th century were precarious. In the first half of the 17th century, the Shogunate ended its commercial relationship with the Iberian states and the Catholics communities had to endure suppression. They were swiftly cut off their religious and lay elites; Catholicism gradually became a secret religion. Few scholars have reflected on the perception the first generations of hidden Catholics (or hidden Christians) had of their formal apostasy. I argue that the exclusivist stance of the Church had taken root in Japan. For this reason, the transition to secrecy came along with outbreaks of soteriological tensions within Christendom. Resumen: El éxito logrado por la Iglesia Católica en el Japón del siglo XVI fue muy precario. En la primera mitad del siglo XVII, el archipiélago rompió sus relaciones comerciales con las potencias ibéricas y las comunidades católicas fueron perseguidas; rápidamente, estas fueron separadas de las élites y la religión cristiana pasa a ser progresivamente clandestina. Pocos investigadores han cuestionado la forma con la que las primeras generaciones de criptocatólicos (o cristianos ocultos) consideraron su apostasía formal. En este artículo, se mostrará que con el mensaje exclusivo de los misioneros que arraigó en Japón, la transición forzada al secreto se acompañó de un aumento de las tensiones soteriológicas dentro de las comunidades cristianas.

Resumo "L'espèce de journal" deixado por Marie Du Bois (1601-1679) parece se situar na categoria “escritos do foro íntimo”, mas é utilizado neste artigo para questionar o fundamento dessa categoria. Partindo da pergunta sobre as perspectivas de transmissão presentes neste texto, trata-se de medir sua capacidade de assegurar a presença distanciada de uma experiência. Mas a percepção desta presença recoloca a questão sobre o ato de leitura que somos capazes de produzir, a três séculos e meio de distância. A partilha do sentido como presença do passado - a impressão de “ver” o que é contado - depende de escolhas de escrita operadas pelo autor, cuja eficácia atravessa o tempo: diálogos, narrativas “romanescas”, traços autobiográficos. Assim, é a relação entre testemunho e literatura, abordada a partir da noção de “sociedade na literatura”, que postula uma continuidade situada, ou seja, historicamente observável.

The Benedictine Pierre Grimaud (? - before 1674), from the monastery of Mas-Grenier, is the author of a life in verse of Saint Benedict, Le Dret cami del Cél, published in Toulouse in 1659. In some 12,000 lines divided into six books and 48 songs, the author is inspired by the Dialogues of Gregory the Great. Each episode of St Benedict's life is preceded by a section entitled “Mouralo”, explaining how Christians should interpret the different moments of the saint's exemplary life. The biographical account contains vast scenes of a very baroque aesthetic that today might be described as burlesque. Stylistically, Grimaud is following the Toulouse poet Pierre Godolin (1580-1649), to whom he implicitly pays tribute. This similarity to Godolin's work establishes a link of proximity and familiarity with the reader, intended to facilitate the assimilation of the post-Tridentine religious and moral message.

Resumen: Las entradas triunfales han sido una de las fuentes más importantes en el análisis de la cultura y sociedad europea en la Edad Moderna. El propósito del presente artículo es estudiar cómo se creó la imagen del hereje, centrándonos en el caso protestante, en dichos eventos así como realizar un intento de cartografía de dicha construcción visual con el fin de conocer en qué lugares tuvo una mayor repercusión. Résumé: Les entrées triomphales ont constitué une des sources les plus importantes pour l’analyse de la culture et de la société européennes à l’époque moderne. Cet article étudie comment s’est forgée l’imagerie de l’hérétique, en privilégiant le cas protestant, lors de ces solennités. Il entend également poser les jalons d’une cartographie de ces constructions visuelles afin de savoir où elles eurent un plus grand impact. Abstract: The Royal entries can be considered like an important source to study the European society and its cultural development in the Early Modern period. This paper analyses, firstly, how the image of the heretic, mainly the protestant one, was created in these events. The second aim of this research is to map these representations in order to reconstruct the Visual Culture and to know in which areas and chronology had a deeply development.

An astrologer predicted to Marie-Louise Gonzaga that she would marry a king. After several unsuccessful attempts, she became ‘Queen of the Scythians’ on her marriage to Władysław IV Vasa. This French ‘précieuse’ who had frequented the fashionable Hôtel de Rambouillet salon discovered a country about which she knew nothing and where she was not welcome. During more than twenty years as wife of Władysław IV (1646–1648) and afterwards of John II Casimir Vasa (1648–1668), she became an influential figure at the court of Warsaw as it was introduced to French culture. She remained unpopular until her death in 1667, having exhausted her energies in trying to reform Polish institutions and to bring a French successor to the throne, the prince de Condé or his son the duc d’Enghien.

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the occasion of Lent 1633, a Mercuriale was published in Paris highlighting the shortcomings of the preachers. This first libellus was followed by a letter, Lettre ou Advis, criticizing it, and then by an Apology of the Mercuriale. Beyond the attacks and retaliation, this polemic through print refers to several types of analysis. First of all, it reflects a new place occupied by preaching in the context of the Catholic Reformation and Counter-Reformation that the capital was undergoing at the time. But beyond purely religious issues, it was also, through the printed word, the means of presenting and defending different conceptions of sacred eloquence. Although it remains difficult to identify their authors precisely, one can nevertheless take up the ecclesiological stakes, the rivalry between seculars and regulars as well as between old and new religious orders. These three texts also make it possible to shed light, beyond the form of quarrel and debate, on the injunctions of a literary nature, language correction, urbanity, but also on the performance expectations of the speakers that accompanied the flourishing of Catholic preaching in the 1630s.

Our paper reconstructs the way in which opera creators, both theorists and practitioners, conceive the relationship between words and gestures, by comparing texts that set down stage gestures in writing, between instruction and reception. It seems that they attribute to stage gestures an auxiliary function of communication, semantic clarification and pathetic amplification of affetti and ideas conveyed by words – as the recitar cantando is based on the primacy of the poetic text. We will then question in what way these concepts may condition the very genesis of poetic-dramatic writing. By analysing the stage direction and the relationship between narration and the direct mimesis of movement and gesture in librettos of Ottavio Rinuccini, we will question the notion of theatrical visibility, and its implication in terms of the hierarchy between verbal, musical and corporeal eloquence.

In 17th-century France, the warlike dimension of violence became one of the fundamental iconographic attributes of royalty. Although at the outset they were excluded from managing affairs of state on account of Salic law, the queens Marie de’ Medici and Anne of Austria nonetheless sought to wear the costume of the chief of command in their portraits, in particular when they were placed at the head of the government in the position of regent. To achieve this, however, they did not employ a single formula but each developed personal strategies that varied in their means, objectives and results, borrowing in turn from mythological portraiture and historical representation to define their role in the management of conflicts, and ultimately of royal power.

The fourth centennial of Don García de Silva y Figueroa’s embassy to Persia has been celebrated with several new publications, mainly in Portugal, but also in Spain. Here, the discovery of some original documents in the Archivo Histórico Municipal de Zafra has allowed us to offer new faithful data and to correct some errors about the ambassador’s biography, and also to study the Libro Diario de Gastos (preserved for the time running between 1st January and 29th May), that provides us with meaningful evidence about the economy and the material life of the Embassy.

Bossuet inherited both from doxa and catholic dogma representations of man and woman, which are unfavorable to the last one. Nevertheless, epidictic rhetorics, which is one of the aspects of funeral oration, supposes that the preacher exceeds this dichotomy and creates an image of extraordinary men but also women, according to there aristocratic origines or their exceptional destiny. This article analyses how poetics of funeral oration can change doxical representations of male and female aspects.

Even though presiding over a large transatlantic empire from the 15th to the 19th centuries, Portugal remains relatively unknown, particularly in regards to miniature painting. Nevertheless a few testimonies prove this art form was practiced from the Renaissance onwards. After a period under Spanish rule, during which « small portraits » on copper influenced by Spain and Flanders prevailed, miniature painting on ivory became fashionable in Portugal during the last third of the 18th century, under French and Italian influence. Then, thanks to the Portuguese, it arrived in South America. Its development continued in Brazil from 1808 to 1821, when the royal court of Lisbon, fleeing the armies of Napoleon, settled in Rio de Janeiro.

This paper discusses the activity of gilders in two major artistic centers of the north of the Virreinato del Perú during the 17th century: Santafé (Bogotá, Colombia) and Quito. The presence of gilders was essential for the completion of the perfect finishing of the pieces made by sculptors, painters, carpenters and carvers. Despite the fact that there was not a gilder guild neither in the Audiencia de Santafé nor in the Audiencia de Quito in that century, gilding was a constant, appreciated, valued and well-paid activity. In this article, we study references about gilders that have appeared on secondary sources as well as unpublished contracts from Colombian and Ecuadorian archives that allow us to discover some unknown artists to date. Our main contributions refer to the gilders working in these Audiencias during the 17th century, the artworks’ prices, the duration of the gilding work, the conditions agreed in the contracts between the master and his assistants, the gilding furnishing pieces mentioned in the notarial documents, and, finally, the participation of the gilders in many others artistic labours.

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Copyright of Synergies Chine is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria Romanica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Flemish painter Gysbrecht Thys (also spelled Thijs, Thyssen or Tijssens) (1617- ca. 1684), has for centuries been mistaken for several of his namesakes. Although his identity was clarified in 1996 by two essential articles, none of his works have previously surfaced until today. The paintings studied in the present paper, which are the first addition to Gysbrecht Thys’ œuvre, help to define the artistic personality of a previously neglected painter. Given to consider the painting’s compositions, their formal and literary sources of inspiration, and the influences that make-up his style; Thys reveals his versatility, a certain degree of classical culture from his time in Italy, and probable contacts with erudite religious circles in Antwerp. Further Thys’ participation in a Garland of fruit and flowers by Joris van Son, allows for an excursus on the latter’s production and on his probable collaboration with Jan van Balen among others; leading to a greater understanding of several less studied masters from the Antwerp School in the 17th century.

Through the study of a number of unpublished documents from various public archives, this article examines the large number of country estates that Don Pedro de Granada Venegas Manrique de Mendoza, owner of the entailed estates and the House of Granada, accumulated between the end of the 16th century and the year of his death in 1643 and which, because he had no descendents, he bequeathed to his soul, as his one and only heir. We make a distinction between his entailed estates and those he acquired personally. In this article we study these latter estates –their names, situation, size, purchase, price and value. We also study what crops were grown, the administration of the properties, and the rents and profits they produced. This is the first study to be carried out of the private, personal estate, as opposed to the entailed estate, of the House of Granada, where Don Pedro de Granada Venegas Manrique de Mendoza was the fifth owner and first Marquis of Campotéjar

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la autobiografía de la carmelita descalza Ana de San Agustín (1555-1624), de la que se conserva hoy en día una copia manuscrita del siglo XVII en la BNE. Esta autobiografía espiritual, redactada a petición del general Alonso de Jesús María y del provincial José de Jesús María, es una muestra de escritura mística que expresa la imposibilidad de decir la esencia de Dios. Résumé : Cet article analyse l’autobiographie de la carmélite déchaussée Ana de San Agustín (1555-1624), dont une copie manuscrite du XVIIe siècle est conservée actuellement à la BNE. Cette autobiographie spirituelle, rédigée à la demande du général Alonso de Jesús María et du provincial José de Jesús María, relève de l’écriture mystique qui dit l’impossibilité de dire l’essence de Dieu. Abstract: This article is an analysis of the autobiography of the Discalced Carmelite Ana de San Agustin (1655-1624). A 17th century manuscript copy of it is kept at the BNE. This spiritual autobiography written between 1606-1609 and 1622, at the Carmel of Villanueva de la Jara and the Carmel of Valera de Abajo, ordered by General Alonso de Jesús María and the provincial José de Jesús María, belongs to the mystical literature which tells the impossibility to tell the essence of God.