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Résumé: Introduction: Les perturbateurs endocriniens sont des contaminants ubiquitaires de notre environnement. Leurs effets délétères sur la reproduction sont bien documentés. L’objectif est de décrire l’état de connaissance actuel portant sur les issues de la grossesse. Méthode: Revue de la littérature réalisée par deux personnes indépendantes dans la base de données Medline et Toxnet. Les polluants étudiés ont été le bisphénol A, les phtalates, les parabens, les retardateurs de flammes bromés et les composés perfluorés indépendamment de leurs voies d’expositions. Seules les études épidémiologiques, en population générale, portant sur l’homme, parues avec un abstract du 1er janvier 2007 au 31 décembre 2011 ont été retenues. La qualité n’a pas été un critère de sélection mais a été prise en compte par la cotation du score de Strobe. Résultats: Vingt-cinq études sur 680 ont été inclues. Tous les polluants ont été fortement détectés dans tous les prélèvements biologiques maternels et du nouveau-né. Les principales études ont rapporté des relations entre le bisphénol A, les retardateurs de flammes bromés et les composés perfluorés et un plus faible poids de naissance du nouveau-né. Les effets sur l’âge gestationnel ont été moins documentés et en faveur d’une absence de lien pour ces polluants. Les effets dus aux phtalates étaient plus ambigus. Une seule étude non concluante concernait les parabens. Discussion: Compte tenu des biais de méthodologie inhérents aux études sur les perturbateurs endocriniens, il est primordial de multiplier les recherches en santé environnementale. Des mesures de prévention doivent être appliquées en priorité sur les populations vulnérables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Worldwide statistics agree that at least one out of six couples has fertility problems. If the male gamete is the origin of this problem, it is generally admitted that the oxidative stress is involved. Modern life has obviously increased fertility problems through pesticides, xenoestrogenes, endocrine disrupting chemicals involved in plastic technology such as polychlorinated bisphenyls, bisphenol A, phthalates and alkylphenols… and other cosmetic additives. An important part of these compounds increases oxidative stress, at least in part. Oxidative stress is more than probably at the origin or recurrent increasing pathologies such as endometriosis. If the oocyte is theoretically able to repair oxidative stress linked decays such as DNA fragmentation and oxidation of bases, its capacity is finite and decreasing with age. In order to decrease DNA repair charge, reducing or even avoiding the generation of DNA damages related to reactive oxygen species through consumption of antioxidants compounds is often tempting: however Reasons will be provided to break from current treatments given haphazardly in the population in the age of reproduction, as well as the potential risks of over-exposure. Furthermore recommended treatments, in relation with the new concepts in oxidative stress, will be specified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The presence of toxic substances in water leads to varied adverse impacts on living organisms through direct or indirect exposure. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a toxic chemical that has been periodically discharged into wastewater treatment plants. BPA is an industrial precursor used for the manufacture of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. This compound has been discharged in the environment (water, soil, and air) by various means during the manufacturing processes (in particular during heating, handling, and transport of products). Several treatment methods, such as physical, chemical, and biological processes have been traditionally used to ensure higher removal of BPA from wastewater, albeit with lower removal rates or with resulting secondary pollution. In this context, this minireview is an attempt to explore different aspects of research in the field of biological removal of BPA from wastewater. The biological treatment is generally more effective than the physico-chemical treatment, as the former causes lower amounts of secondary pollution. Of the various biological modes of treatment, enzymatic degradation is the most effective, as it does not require the addition of nutrients for the microbial growth. Thus, it prevents the accumulation of biomass in water. Moreover, this technique is effective even while using small quantities of enzymes and it does not require a process control of the treatment conditions. Although the utility of the enzymatic treatment is approved more and more, the process remains highly expensive because of the higher cost of the raw material and the lower stability of enzymes. In this context, there is a need to find a solution for the economical production of enzymes to ensure the complete removal of BPA from wastewater in an eco-friendly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]