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Contamination of recycled paper and board food packaging by mineral oil hydrocarbons caused several crises in the past years. Although the migration from paper and board to foodstuffs has been proved many times, the contamination mechanisms and causalities remain undetermined and face unresolved issues. This study takes part in the collaborative project FoodSafeBioPack, which aims at evaluating the migration of potentially carcinogenic polyaromatic molecules from recycled paper and board packaging to food. New chemical imaging methods are used to follow this contamination at the microscopic scale (fibers and fibrous network). The first images acquired of polyaromatic molecules distribution on fibers were used to develop a methodology that will help to follow their migration. The influence of using different solvents and molecules on the initial chemical potential is discussed. The description of the paper structure and initial conditions of transfer will support the development of a microscopic mass transfer model.

Cellulose and paper products are produced from cotton wool in our republic. Since 1995, the production of these products has increased several times. Nevertheless, 10% of the demand for pulp and paper products in our Republic is met. uring 1988-1993, this growth was 6%, which was 3 times higher than wood pulp production. Extraction of cellulose from annual plants is well developed in China and India. 77% of the world's cellulose obtained from annual plants is produced in these countries. The People's Republic of China gets 50% of its paper output from annual plants. Cellulose was obtained from plants containing cellulose, and their properties were studied. Paper products were obtained from the resulting pulps and its quality indicators were studied based on the standards applied to papers used in industry.

Chitosan occurs in different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation. Molecular weight and degree of deacetylation are the main factors affecting particle size, particle formation and aggregation. The use of chitosan improved the dry strength of the paper, especially by adding 1% low molecular weight chitosan. But the increase in concentration reduced its dry strength. This can be explained as follows. The connection must correspond to the distance between the segments between the fibers, because they form an inter-fiber connection area. Even if the water molecule is separated from the organic bond with the fibers or not, a large amount of water destroys the bond state of the paper. These factors are important in the paper industry. Paper-like materials were obtained on the basis of cellulose obtained from the stem of the flax plant. The effect of fibers and adhesives in the composition on the quality indicators of the obtained paper was considered. The effects of chitosan and starch glue were compared. It can be explained that the hydrogen bond on the fiber surface is mainly monopolized by the water molecule, because the fiber forms a macroscopic liquid bridge. The weakness of this bridge indicates the wet tensile strength of the paper.

The effects of chitosan, starch, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were studied to improve the surface properties of cellulose-based paper obtained from local raw materials. Polymers are incorporated into the paper canvas by spraying. The results showed that the addition of chitosan to paper webs made from cellulose fibers has improved surface properties compared to the effects of other additives. The effect level of starch was similar to that of chitosan, but it resulted in a lower water absorption potential of paper than chitosan at the same concentration. In many other properties, particularly for printing papers, the most important property being surface smoothness, chitosan treated papers are superior to starch or PVA treated papers.

The paper presents a preliminary study of chemisorption onto anionic and cationic clays, in order to reduce the content of pollutants from a paper printing effluent, collected after technological step named: printing of paper fabric manufacturing. The procedure of filtration fallowed by adsorption process is an effective, fast and low cost technique for treatment of black effluent resulting from paper printing industry. The key parameters tested to achieve a high efficiency for the movement of micropollutants from printing fluid were substrate dose and contact time. The highest treatment performance was obtained for cationic substrate at pH = 6.80, in contact and agitated magnetically for 30 respectively 90 minutes at room temperature.

book review

La regió més oriental d’Ucraïna, el Donbass, viu des de fa vuit anys una sagnant guerra en què Rússia s’ha vist directament involucrada. A més, la regió ha estat objecte de la propaganda russa, que l’ha utilitzat com un dels principals motius per justificar la seva intervenció militar sobre Ucraïna, el febrer de 2022. Tots els bàndols implicats en aquest conflicte argumenten que estan protegint els interessos i els desitjos dels seus habitants. Però aquests interessos i desitjos, a més de ser sovint manipulats, han sofert moltes modificacions i pressions després d’una guerra tan llarga, que entre altres coses ha fet que prop de la meitat dels habitants hagin abandonat la regió, i la resta es vegi sota una pressió militar, política i mediàtica constant. Aquest article intenta ser una anàlisi i una reflexió sobre l’autèntica voluntat dels habitants del Donbass, com també de la manipulació que estan sofrint.

Mario Rotondi was an Italian professor of law and a “travelling jurist”. He ventured into the contiguous areas of private and commercial law, engaged with the areas of industrial law and comparative law. His distinguishing feature was his academic cooperation with foreign scholars in the field of comparative law. The issue of travel is a common thread throughout his various initiatives, both academic, and of legal reform. This paper aims to cast some light on his missions to South American universities, on the goals that inspired him and on the projects that animated these goals.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(1), 403-410 | European Forum Insight of 21 May 2017 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. The White Paper. - III. The Free Trade Agreement. - IV. The customs agreement. - V. Conclusion. | (Abstract) The 29 March 2017 is now set to become the historical day Art. 50 TEU was triggered for the first time ever. Equally, unprecedented negotiations, in which the United Kingdom and the European Union will settle their divorce, will follow. With the aim of proving that the UK Government has the necessary negotiating strategy, it recently published a White Paper on its exit from and new partnership with the EU. Despite the promises, this Paper is far from providing certainty and clarity. However, it is also a step away from a previous superficial and simplistic approach to Brexit. In this Insight, I explain why the White Paper is riddled with contradictions and why, nonetheless, this confusing and vague exposition of what the UK will be seeking to achieve from its withdrawal is a welcome though disguised acknowledgment of the complexities that Brexit will entail.

The prospects for obtaining bioethanol based on secondary bioresources of the pulp and paper industry are discussed in order to close economic cycles. The transformation of sugars of acidic hydrolyzate of deciduous wood into bioethanol by batch culture of a selected strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a combination of various xylose-assimilating yeasts was studied. The ethanol yield from hexose`s part was 46% from fermented sugars, its concentration reached to 9,0±0,6 g l-1. The use of pentose sugars under microaerobic conditions (concentration of dissolved oxygen 0.5-3.0%) gave the efficiency of ethanol production up to 26.7 - 35.5% from fermented sugars. The ethanol concentration in terms of the pentose`s fraction was 3.9-4.5 g l-1 (the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus); 5.2 g l-1 (the yeast Candida tropicalis); 5.6 g l-1 (the yeast Candida shehatae). The total amount of ethanol obtained from both hexose and pentose parts after distillation was 4.2-4.6 g (5.2-5.7 ml) with alcohol by volume 96%.

The way to determine the total microbial contaminants in fresh milk is by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The TPC method requires 48 hours, high analytical skills, and high analytical costs. The aim of this research was to design a rapid detection tool for microbial contaminants in fresh milk called Paper Stick Test Kit (PSTK), which is fast, cheap, and easy. The stages of research designing PSTK are: (a) making PSTK, (b) testing the optimal time for using PSTK, and (c) making standard color maps. The results of this research are: (a) the best PSTK is made from cardboard with color indicators made from a mixture of bromothymol blue 0.3 g/250 ml solvent and NaOH 0.01 N; drying PSTK is best done in an oven with a temperature of 100oC, for 20 minutes; (b) the optimal time of application of PSTK in fresh milk is 20 seconds; and c) standard color maps are based on the correlation between microbial contaminant levels in fresh milk and color levels in PSTK dipped in microbial contaminated fresh milk.

Since the federal, state, and local levels of government in Malaysia have all initiated the e-participation project as an integration of the national e-government initiative and combined communication-based applications consisting of government-to-citizen (G2C) orientation, assessment studies have discovered that the delivery of this project carries multiple issues. These include minimal digital knowledge, a lack of awareness, the requirement for more government support for the project, and other factors. This has resulted in certain entities not making the most of e-participation tools. Thus, this review paper intends to examine some relevant acceptance factors of the Malaysian government's e-participation programme, which has received significant investment. This study methodology used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to build the research model for this study by exploring the relevant books, journals, online materials, and study reports linked to the e-participation acceptance in Malaysian public sector. The UTAUT and TRI factors may influence the likelihood of its adoption by all Malaysian governments and citizens, which will encourage them to support the use of e-participation in the public sector in Malaysia. The proposed model will evaluate the individual acceptance of e-participation in the Malaysian public sector. This study is anticipated to provide several guidance to relevant parties, particularly the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), which is one of the most prominent government agencies in Malaysia responsible for modernising and reforming the public sector through the digitalisation process, and other related government agencies in Malaysia. For future studies, additional empirical qualitative and quantitative methodologies are required to validate the findings of this study.

Today the world is facing a major problem of getting rid of wastewater safely so that it does not disrupt the environment. This study analyzed global research trends through wastewater treatment technologies from 2000 to 2020 using Scopus databases. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliometric analysis regarding the production and impact of scientific research related to wastewater treatment indexed in the Scopus databases. The purpose is to know key aspects such as the progression of production over the two decades, maturity in research, coverage of the subject, identifying the most discussed topics and as a result of identifying the gaps, the most relevant authors and the core of journals through which knowledge in this area is disseminated, as well as its impact through the analysis of citations. Scopus revealed a total of 44 journal articles, 19 conference proceedings, and 1 review paper during this period, with the keywords’ wastewater, treatment. As per the analysis, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan painted the greatest publications connected with wastewater.

At present, there is not any MTI graduation test system in China, although the enrollment of MTI students witnesses an increase. This paper presents MTI graduation written test construct and design of syllabus. It then elaborates on the test construct, modules, which is intended to clarify the purpose, significance and contents of MTI graduation test and shed new light on future large-scale test development and improvement of cultivation quality of MTI graduates.

Buildings carry people's emotional thoughts. Paper Bamboo House establishes an emotional connection between space and people through characteristic ecological materials, pays attention to people's true perception of buildings, and emphasizes the rhythm of architectural form and rhythm. The architectural design needs to explore the possibility of space existence from the regional culture, rebuild the relationship between the building and the surrounding environment, strive to create a harmonious building that coexists with nature, and practice the regional practice of low-carbon architecture. Advocate to use the comprehensive thinking of reason and art to explore the meaning of space and form.

Negation in Sepedi is a complex matter — a variety of negative morphemes are used across complicated verbal and copulative structures and these morphemes are not interchangeable. Dictionary users in a text production situation need to be guided to the correct compilation of negative constructions. In most cases negative morphemes are not lemmatised in Sepedi paper dictionaries or if they are, the lexicographic treatment is inadequate. This paper provides an inventory of negation from which an abstraction of the negative morphemes is given. This is followed by a critical evaluation of Sepedi dictionaries and suggested model entries for lexicographic treatment of negative morphemes.

Inspired by methods used in risk assessment, this paper suggests a structured professional judgment approach (SPJ) to facilitate the decision-making process in expert group settings tasked with the development of narrative-based countering violent extremism (CVE) products. The added value of this concept is to systematically apply the relevant knowledge distributed among the literature and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the narrative-based CVE product in early stages like the baseline assessment. This may enable campaigners to avoid expensive mistakes and accelerate the development of products. A tentative checklist is provided. Furthermore, indicators for monitoring and evaluation are suggested.

Medical imaging is currently using artificial intelligence-based technologies to aid evaluate diagnostic information images, particularly in enforcing kidney stones. Artificial intelligence technology continues to develop, many studies show that deep learning is more widely used compared to traditional machine learning, so an Artificial intelligence system is needed to assist the accuracy of health diagnoses, thus helping in the field of radiology health. The aim of the research is to use artificial intelligence with deep learning models to help detect abnormalities in the kidneys. This research method is a literature review of Scopus data related to deep learning in medical imaging in detecting kidney stones. The results of using Artificial Intelligence in medical imaging can be used in diagnosing diseases including detecting Covid-19, musculoskeletal, calcium scores on Cardiac CT, liver tumors, urinary tract lesions, examination of the abdomen and kidney stones. Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in detecting kidney stones can be done with various classification models including XResNet-50, ExDark19, CystoNet, CNN, ANN. Using the right model and having a high accuracy value can help radiologists to accurately detect kidney stones.

Today, climate change, an increase in anthropogenic factors, and changes in the natural environment have an adverse effect on insect diversity due to the changing climes around the world. There has been an increase in the number of pests of agricultural crops over the past few years because of the expansion of the cultivated areas in arid regions, including the number of insects of the Order Orthoptera. The formation of fauna in different regions of the globe needs to be identified in order to improve the methods of combating them, and therefore, it is necessary to identify their formation. A great deal of research on the class of insects has been conducted over the last 35 years, and most of those articles are published in English. However, the research work on Insecta: Orthoptera was carried out in different topics and ways during those 35 years. The scope of this article is to cover all articles that have been published about orthoptera between 1986 and 2021 in the Scopus database. Various categories were analyzed in order to determine the quality of this research, including the year of research, who was responsible for the research, and which of the major research institutes did the research. In the light of the analysis, it is possible to have a certain understanding of the current research problems that are being experienced in this area as a result of the analysis.

In past few years, as indirect convection cooling equipment, heat pipes have grown in favour for a variety of uses, including heat recovery and electronics. A sensible heat is categorized as not having a filter arrangement as a “pulsating heat pipe”. It transfers heat from its evaporator to condenser portions by moving the circulating flow back and forth a reaction of its ongoing phase shift that occurs inside of it. It is difficult to truly understand how it operates since the two-phase flow is the result of combining physical and thermodynamic factors. Despite this, the PHPs have caught the interest of researchers all over the world because of its simple design and large several scenarios necessitating an elevated heat transfer rate. Presented here begins and a preface outlining several researchers’ trying to model experimental explain how PHPs work. A short tabular review of the most recent experimental investigations on PHPs is offered. Novel ideas have been explored, including the use of Nano-fluids to improve PHP performance.

In 2013, Bernard Friot published Peintures pressées ("Hurried Paintings"), subtitled "un musée imaginaire" ("an imaginary museum"). This article analyzes how Bernard Friot views his paper museum as a twofold composition, with esthetic and didactic perspectives. Within a carefully considered layout, Bernard Friot presents a collection of art reproductions alongside texts of various genres, which playfully show children how to take in artwork and navigate the museum space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collaborative volume The Science of Linguistics brings together a number of contributions on topics related to linguistic typology, sociolinguistics, onomastics, discourse analysis, multilingualism, language acquisition, and more. As such, the editors do justice to the title they have chosen, featuring authors and papers on subjects covering the wide spectrum of linguistic endeavours, that all have one thing in common: the rigorous analysis of language. This volume is dedicated to professor Ștefan Oltean, mentor, advisor, friend, or colleague of many of the contributors to this volume.

The devastating global health impacts of climate change are becoming more apparent and more frequent. Health care systems are increasingly burdened by the response to these impacts. Paradoxically, as they respond to the negative health effects of climate change, these same resource intense health care systems are contributing to further climate change. Organizations and academics have issued a call to action for health care workers to mitigate climate change and promote environmental sustainability. Nurses are an integral part of health care systems but have been delayed in answering this call. In this paper we argue that nurses are particularly well suited to mitigating climate change in health care systems because their existing role is central to patient care, and as a result they interface with other health care providers and have developed proficiency in articulation work.

The author successfully highlighted wrong practices in Sukuk issuance, ownership, and tradability. Unfortunately, such wrong practices are backed by tricky fiqh justifications. The author discussed justifications (or so-called fatwas sometimes) and pointed out their loopholes.

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The São Paulo Network Program of Teacher Training (RedeFor) of the Secretary of Education of São Paulo State /Brazil, has proposed in partnership with the São Paulo State University, the continuing education for teachers of the State public school system, through specialization courses, about Inclusive and Special Education, in the distance learning modality. In order to meet an audience of 1.600 teachers, seven courses were implemented from 2014 to 2015, amongst which is the course of Special Education, with a total workload of 444 hours spread between activities in the Virtual Learning Environment of UNESP, internships, In-Person Meetings as well as preparation and presentation of scientific papers. After the completion of disciplines and In-Person Meetings, in 2015 were created 55 groups for the guidance of academic papers, where each supervisor had to perform the online pedagogical mediation of 10 to 20 course participants for the preparation of a scientific paper. It is intended to discuss in this article the aspects present in two scientific papers developed within the course, which addressed the discussion about the beginning teachers and curriculum for the development of Special Education within the Inclusive perspective. The results demonstrate that this specialization course brought important elements to the axis of participant's reflections, so that Special Education can really be strengthened in an inclusive perspective, in the public schools of São Paulo.

The Disjunction This essay will discuss the difference in nature and essence between science and philosophy. This difference also signifies a disjunction which, while on the one hand is destined to intensify, on the other is going to persist as their original point of articulation. The awareness of such original articulation will never be achieved and yet it will have to be sought after in spite of its apparent unattainability.

Drawing on a collaborative ethnographic study of the 2016 International Union for the Conservation of Nature World Conservation Congress (WCC), we analyze how Indigenous peoples and local community (IPLC) rights advocates have used a rights-based approach (RBA) to advance long-standing struggles to secure local communities' land and resource rights and advance governing authority in biodiversity conservation. The RBA has allowed IPLC advocates to draw legitimacy from the United Nations system—from its declarations to its special rapporteurs—and to build transnational strategic alliances in ways they could not with participatory discourses. Using it, they have brought attention to biodiversity as a basic human right and to the struggle to use, access, and own it as a human rights struggle. In this article, we show how the 2016 WCC provided a platform for building and reinforcing these alliances, advancing diverse procedural and substantive rights, redefining key principles and standards for a rights-based conservation approach, and leveraging international support for enforcement mechanisms on-the-ground. We argue that, as advocates staked out physical and discursive space at the venue, they secured the authority to shape conservation politics, shifting the terrain of struggle between strict conservationists and community activists and creating new conditions of possibility for advancing the human rights agenda in international conservation politics. Nonetheless, while RBAs have been politically successful at reconfiguring global discourse, numerous obstacles remain in translating that progress to secure human rights to resources "on the ground", and it is vital that the international conservation community finance the implementation of RBA in specific locales, demand that nation states create monitoring and grievance systems, and decolonize the ways in which they interact with IPLCs. Finally, we reflect on the value of the Collaborative Event Ethnography methodology, with its emphasis on capturing the mundane, meaningful and processual aspects of policymaking, in illuminating the on-going labor entailed in bringing together and aligning the disparate elements in dynamic assemblages. Keywords: Human rights, global conservation governance, collaborative event ethnography, Indigenous peoples

Research papers, an essential vehicle for disseminating new knowledge and findings, have long been valued for their linguistic objectivity and impersonality. However, more recent approaches to research paper writing suggest that authors should also take an “argumentative position” (White, 2003) by projecting their stance and encouraging the readers to actively engage in the process of reading and evaluating the text (Hyland, 2005; Scollon, 1994). An important linguistic feature, frequently employed for both objective and subjective presentation of claims, is modality and within it modal verbs, which through their modal meanings express different communicative functions. In recognition of genre- and discipline-specific norms, the present paper will focus on quantitative and qualitative analysis of modal verbs and their meanings and functions in logistics research papers, whereby the ultimate goal is to show what practical implications the study’s results may have for the teaching of English to students of logistics.

INTRODUCTION: Paper currency notes, exchangeable fomite, that is continuously contaminated because of the poor handling and storage practices. Objective: the general objective of the study was to determine the bacterial contamination of paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex.

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L’any 2019 es va celebrar el 10è aniversari de la posada en funcionament de l’Oficina Antifrau de Catalunya (OAC). En el treball s’analitza, en vista d’aquests deu anys d’experiència, quin ha estat el funcionament de l’OAC en les seves funcions investigadora i preventiva, amb especial atenció a aquells àmbits de major rellevància, com ara les denúncies anònimes i la protecció de les persones denunciants. En el segon bloc del treball, sobre la base de l’anàlisi prèvia, es plantegen línies de reforma en el marc regulador i en el funcionament de l’OAC, amb l’objectiu d’atribuir a l’OAC un paper central en un sistema d’integritat i anticorrupció català efectiu encara en construcció. Les principals propostes són reforçar la protecció de les persones denunciants i clarificar el sistema de denúncies davant l’OAC, reconèixer la potestat sancionadora de l’OAC associada a infraccions de nova creació lligades a les activitats investigadores i preventives de l’OAC, facilitar la formulació de consultes no vinculants i promoure la modernització tecnològica de la lluita contra la corrupció a Catalunya.

Hybridization in the History of Ideas A Call for Paper for a thematic issue of the Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas DEADLINE: MARCH 15, 2022

Madagascar undergoes, like all countries in the world, the effects of climate change. in fact, since the last 5 years, in the coastal regions and the basins, the temperature has raised from 2 to 2.5 ° and varies between 34 to 36 ° in the shadow during the rainy season and on the high hills, the temperature diminishes from 2 to 2.5 ° during the dry period and varies from 4 ° to 8 °. However, the structure of lodging of 60% of the people are not adapted to this temperature change. Particularly, in the coastal regions, the walls of the houses are made of sheet iron. The inside of these houses is very hot when the weather is hot and very cold when it is cold. The inhabitants can’t afford the houses made in bricks or breeze block and the natural sources of aggregates are in the process of exhaustion. In the other part, we have seen that tons of paper are ready to be burned at the administrative services (public treasury, public financing, universities, ...) and the newspaper publishers. So, it becomes a must to find another way to the construction materials, justifying in that case our research axis. This study aims at the developing of construction material based on recycled paper, binder and aggregate. It deals of picking up or gathering all waste of papers and outdates newspapers and transforming them into brick for building constructions. What’s more, papers have prominent thermal insulating properties. Our work is focused on the study of variants on the different manufacturing processes, the choice of binder, the preparation of the specimens with different binders and different dosages, the mechanical compression tests for different binders, the evaluation of thermal conductivity for different binders and the numerical simulation of the thermo mechanical behavior of samples. The result is a lightweight brick with good thermal insulation. Tests have also made it possible to declare that the material has acceptable mechanical properties : the compressive strength is 1.56 [N/mm2], higher than the value prescribed by the standard for lightweight concrete blocks for construction of 1.1 [N/mm2], the value of thermal conductivity is 0.114 [W/mK], ten times less conductive heat than concrete and it can replace glass wool for a double its thickness. The specific weight is 57.5 [kg/m2].The practical results were confirmed by finite element simulations.