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This overview of the ERIC system begins with a brief history of the system; a description of the types and numbers of materials contained in the database; sources of types of information for educators that are not processed by ERIC; and the various publications and reference materials produced by and for the system. The analysis of ERIC usage in the United States that follows is based on the final report of the Cost and Usage Study of the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) System, which was conducted by King Research in 1981. This analysis includes data on types of access points for the ERIC system and the services they offer; the level of knowledge of ERIC in the educational community; a qualitative evaluation of ERIC products and services; and ERIC coverage of materials related to disadvantaged groups. The components of the ERIC system and their functions are then described, including relationships among the various units and products and services designed to make ERIC more available to users. System operations, resource allocation, and costs are also discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of cultural, organizational, and policy concerns that would need to be addressed if the ERIC model were to be adapted to meet the needs of French educators. (BBM)

Many museums have undertaken to dispose of their collections. They are forced to do so by the overcrowding of their storerooms and the real estate pressure in the centers of the large cities where they are located. Should all or part of the collections be discarded, donated, or digitized? Because of the detailed inventory, the ten-yearly recoiling, and the creation of the French Joconde database, supposed to gather all the descriptions and photographic reproductions of all the works and items of the 1,100 museums in France, the management of the collections has become a colossal task that may never be completed. There is a high risk that the disappearance of the collections will be accompanied by the de-semiotization of the museological masterpieces created and set up in the different types of exhibition discourse in the course of the history of museums and their exhibitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ims: Cancer patients' willingness to be informed about clinical trials (CT) and their investigation sites is rapidly increasing. The French National Cancer Institute (INCa) has created a national registry for clinical trials in oncology (Registre essais cliniques français - RECF: ). No public information campaign has been started and data on patients' frequentation and expectancies is not available; our study aimed to answer these questions. Procedures: From February 27th to August 27th 2009, visitors (patients or relatives) to the INCa's CT-dedicated website were asked to complete an anonymous online auto-questionnaire. Data on gender, type of cancer, time from diagnosis, knowledge about clinical research, CT participation, and quality of information delivered by the RECF was collected. Results: A total of 319 questionnaires were completed. Of them: 193 (61%) were patients; 293 (92%) knew the primary site of the disease on which they were seeking information; 269 (85%) knew if it was a localized (47%) or a distant disease (38%); 206 (65%) and 235 (74%) had heard the terms 'clinical research' and 'CT', respectively. Among patients who had been offered to participate to a CT, 83% had agreed to. Most of the patients found the information useful (88%) and comprehensible (89%). Conclusion: Participants of this survey seemed to be well informed about their cancer and the availability of CT. They seemed satisfied by the quality and readability of the information provided by RECF. Updated data on CT was commonly searched. Public information campaigns on CT have to be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The steady increase of the blood demand since 2001 requires to study the clinical characteristics of blood components recipients. The objective was to describe patients transfused in 2006 in Bordeaux University Hospital, and to identify the diseases which justified the transfusion practice, using French hospital claims database. Study design: Data from haemovigilance system were linked to hospital claims databases in order to describe patients transfused in 2006. To target diseases related to transfusion, a list of diagnoses considered as markers for transfusion was drawn up, and validated by physicians prescribing blood components. Results: Among the 100 004 patients admitted to hospital in 2006, 6275 (6.3%) received blood components; 46 727 blood units were transfused to these patients, including 67% of red blood cell, 13% of platelet concentrates and 20% of fresh-frozen plasma; 69% of blood units were prescribed in medical wards, 30% in surgery wards and 1% in gynaecology and obstetrics. The main diagnoses associated with blood transfusion were circulatory complications after cardiac surgery (80% of patients with this diagnosis were transfused), bone marrow aplasia (76% of patients), anaemia (55%), and gastro-intestinal bleeding (48%). The highest numbers of blood units were transfused to patients with hypovolemic, traumatic or postoperative shock, anaemia, hemopathy, or coagulation disorders. Conclusion: This study provided a clinical profile of the transfused patients. Data collected could be used to plan blood collection and to define objectives and resources of healthcare establishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The French Health Products Safety Agency coordinates the national initiative of computerization of blood products traceability within regional blood banks and public and private hospitals. The Auvergne-Loire Regional French Blood Service, based in Saint-Étienne, together with a number of public hospitals set up a transfusion data network named EDITAL. After four years of progressive implementation and experimentation, a software enabling standardized data exchange has built up a regional nominative database, endorsed by the Traceability Computerization National Committee in 2004. This database now provides secured web access to a regional transfusion history enabling biologists and all hospital and family practitioners to take in charge the patient follow-up. By running independently from the softwares of its partners, EDITAL database provides reference for the regional identity server. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To expose and clarify indications, techniques, results, complications and cost for open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation manoeuvres (OCCRM) in traumatic or nontraumatic cardiac arrest. Data sources: References were obtained from Pubmed data bank using the following keywords: “emergency thoracotomy”, “resuscitative thoracotomy”. Study selection: We focused on publications in English language, from 2000 to 2007. Data synthesis: OCCRM are useful especially in case of traumatic cardiac arrest, penetrating trauma, but also in blunt trauma. Time between cardiac arrest and realisation of the thoracotomy seems to be the most important factor for the prognosis. Conclusion: According to the French “physician in ambulance” prehospital system, OCCRM might be promising in France, because this system favours the fastness of care and therefore would minimize the time factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this paper is to describe the two uses of the French adverb d’une certaine manière (CM), one where it is modifies the VP, and one where it expresses modality. On the basis of the French data base Frantext, we detail, firstly, under which syntactic and semantic circumstances CM appears. In a second stage, it is shown that CM can be considered as a kind of hedge, which concerns a constituent or the whole statement, presented as a value judgment of the speaker, whose bases remain deliberately “vague”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most ear-nose-throat (ENT) cancers are epidermoid carcinomas of the upper airways; their main risk factors are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Undifferentiated cancers of the nasopharynx are rare in Europe but endemic in other parts of the world. Apart from these two types, ENT malignant tumours are rare (less than 10% of all ENT cancers), both in terms of histology and as regards their location, which is a problem for any research on this topic. Employed treatments rely on poor evidence; most of the time, published series are retrospective, with small samples of patients and differing therapeutic methods. The aim of the planned network is to federate the working teams at a national scale so as to improve both epidemiologic knowledge and management of these diseases, and to generate research projects. This multidisciplinary network named REFCOR has been designed under the authority of several scientific societies with four important objectives: 1) the publication of national guidelines for the management of the four main groups of rare ENT cancers (malignant tumours of the salivary glands, malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses, malignant ear tumours, and malignant tumours of the upper airways excluding common epidermoid carcinomas); 2) the creation of a national database that will reference the cases and include epidemiologic, clinical, and histopathological data; 3) the implementation of regional reference centres for multidisciplinary consultation meetings resulting in an efficient national network; 4) the constitution of virtual tumour, serum, and cell banks, with standardized methods of collection and storage of the included patients’ samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective. – Decompression MN 90 Table is used for air diving by military divers and both sports divers in France. In the aim to confirm MN 90 safety, we studied 61 decompression sicknesses observed in the French Navy for 1990–2002. Method. – Each year 1800 divers carry out 150 000 dives±10%. Divers are 1600 ship divers (dives less than 35 m-sub-water) and 200 mine clearance divers (dives up to 60 msw max). Each accident must be notified and data are recorded into a database. Results. – The total risk is estimated at 1 accident/30 000 dives. We observed no death and only 2 divers with persistent neurological deficits. We found spinal decompression sickness: 66%, cerebral 23%, inner ear 8% and joint bends 3%. Neurological accidents are purely sensitive for 65%. The evolution was favourable for 97% after early hyperbaric recompression at 400 kPa. One hundred percent respected the MN90 procedure. Water temperature, age, effort during diving, repetitive dive were not found as risk factors. A right-to-left shunt was present for only 30% of type II accident. The main result of the study is that 54% of accidents concerned only 200 mine clearance divers with a risk estimated at 1 accident/3000 dives for 45–60 msw depths. Conclusion. – MN90 decompression procedure is safe for a young population of trained military divers with a low risk of accident. The major risk factor seems to be the depth. Studies are necessary to optimize the decompression for deep air diving. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses a meeting that was held on November 28, 2008 at the Université Charles-de-Gaule Lille-3, in Lille, France. The topic of the meeting was measuring and using electronic resources in libraries. Topics included the indexing of electronic resources, statistics related to their use, and the collection development challenges for librarians.

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