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This paper focuses on the socio-political ideas conveyed by Pax Romana in the Province of Quebec. Although this organization presented itself as a simple base of exchange between Catholics, the Federation of Fribourg did not limit itself to planning very general meetings in various places and promote an abstract dialogue between nations : it also disseminated a specific ideology. It offered a conceptual framework and a certain political orientation to those who participated in its activities. By revisiting its ideological background and identifying who were its most important promoters, this paper underlines the forms of exchange that structured Pax Romana from the inside and, by the same token, helps to locate its members on a particular map of the Catholic intellectual world from 1930 to 1950. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparison between the two ways of managing immigration and diversity existing in Canada: multiculturalism (Canada-wide) and interculturalism (Quebec). While some authors (see Juteau, McAndrew and Pietrantonio 1998) argue that the two policies are more similar than different, others, like Gérard Bouchard (2011), argue that interculturalism is a rather unique model of managing diversity in Quebec. In this paper we aim to make a contribution to the debate by providing an analysis of the way both models understand immigrants' participation in their new society. Indeed, both models seem to consider participation as having a central role in the process of integrating newcomers. However, we will show that the reasons put forward by inter-culturalism and by multiculturalism to explain their interest in participation are very different. On the one hand, multiculturalism recognizes the importance of participation as a way of protecting individual identities, in line with the spirit of liberalism. On the other hand, for interculturalism, the issue of participation seems to be more fundamental: not only is participation one of the founding pillars of the policy, but it is also consistent with the political, legal and historical characteristics of the province of Quebec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly people, including academics, tend to conceive of the world as based on essentialised ethnic or cultural categories. Thus, research on the second generation often takes for granted that this population has a bicultural identity. In this paper, I define the concept of identity as the subjectively constructed set of groups of belonging which the individual considers to be most important to and most characteristic of his/her Self. I then attempt to determine whether or not second-generation youth feel a strong attachment toward the ethnic origin of their immigrant parent(s). The paper relies on in-depth interviews conducted in Quebec and Montreal with 28 youth (18 to 25 years of age), who were born in Quebec and who have at least one immigrant parent. Respondents were mainly identified through birth registries, thus avoiding the use of self-identification for recruitment. Results show great variety in the identities chosen by second-generation youth. Relatively few identify with their immigrant parent(s)' ethnic origin. Those who do have diverse representations of these groups, which are nonetheless generally cultural or ethnocultural in content. This form of identification with cultural or ethnocultural groups is shown to be compatible with a civic allegiance to Canada or Quebec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Louis Veuillot, well-known among the ultramontane journalistic circle, was also a recognized writer. In colleges, his texts were included into the curriculum of colleges and also in activities outside classrooms. This paper studies the integration of Veuillot's works in literary and religious education for three periods, 1840-1871,1910-1930 and 1950-1970. Whereas Veuillot was not a part of the curriculum in the nineteenth century, the beginning of the twentieth century was the golden age of Veuillot's distribution in colleges, especially during the centennial celebrations in 1913. In these years, the writer became an example for young people, yet the 1950's spelled the end of his teaching. Nevertheless, during a few decades, Louis Veuillot was part of the literary culture among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defines two key core concepts in the field of public policy: co-production and co-construction. It first examines the role of the third sector in the co-construction of two public policy initiatives, the Voluntary Sector Initiative and the Social Economy Initiative, developed under the responsibility of the federal state. Then it turns to the participation of the third sector in co-constructing public policy under the responsibility of the Quebec provincial state in six policy areas: policy to recognize autonomous community organizations, policy to recognize the social economy, daycare policy, home care policy, social housing policy and Quebec legislation to combat poverty. The policy initiatives of both the federal state and Quebec state are compared and analysed from a co-construction perspective [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release of a new study guide for immigrants aiming to become Canadian citizens in 2009 was the first major reform of this document since its inception in 1995. This paper examines the coverage of the Anglo-Canadian and Franco-Québécois press surrounding the new citizenship guide. Rather than supporting the widely accepted thesis that Canada is marked by a « collision of identities », our study suggests the emergence of an implicit alliance between the two Canadian “solitudes” with respect to their understanding of citizenship. In particular, the two groups of newspapers agree upon the necessity to protect « acquired gains » of Canadian society against the beliefs and practices of an uncivilized « Other ». Nevertheless, we should not jump to conclusions: does the convergence of media representations of Canadian citizenship really reflect the emergence of a shared collective identity in Quebec and Canada? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper estimates the contribution of the main sources of income as well as that of taxes and transfers on the level of poverty in Quebec and in Canada. This contribution is decomposed into a product of the effects of total size and performance per dollar of each of the income sources. An important problem in this type of exercise is that the order in which the components of income are ranked can influence considerably the share of total poverty alleviation allocated to each component. A sharing rule is thus used to allocate to each income component a part of total poverty alleviation that is independent of the ordering chosen. Sensitivity tests are also applied to assess the role of the choice of poverty lines and indices. The results indicate that the more generous social programs do not always reduce relative poverty the most, and that other aspects of the tax/benefit system that are less prominent are more effective in that regard. Relative to the rest of Canada, Quebec’s social programs are both more generous and more poverty-performant; however, this is associated with taxes in Quebec that are also heavier and more costly in terms of poverty impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based upon a large survey about the historical consciousness of Canadians, this paper explores the similarities and differences in the way Québécois and other Canadians engage the past in their everyday life. The difference between these two groups is not the one that might be expected. We find that Québécois, mostly francophone Québécois, are more likely than other Canadians to report indifference about the past. Why is this so? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SINCE THE MID-1990'S, Canada and Quebec have initiated important changes to their system of social protection; the objectives of the reforms were to control public expenditure or attain zero deficit, improve the efficiency of social policies, particularly in relation to employment incentives, and guarantee acceptable living conditions. Such objectives were conveyed by a restructuring of several social protection mechanisms, achieved by reconfiguring protection parameters and activating the same social expenditure. To understand this restructuring, the article analyses the changes introduced in certain income security mechanisms including unemployment insurance, universal family allowance and welfare, at both the Federal and Quebec levels. To explain this approach, the paper is divided into three parts: the first on the reconfiguration of each mechanism, the second on the activation of social expenditure and the third introducing the elements of analysis towards this recent restructuring of social policies. The subject matter is dominated by a fundamental question, that of knowing whether the reforms convey a neo-liberal change of policy in the disengagement of the state and erosion of social rights or whether they convey a reorganization, a modification of the framework as a result of change of paradigm or reference in a socially active state or as a form of social investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the mode of entry into adulthood of two cohorts of young Quebecers born between 1942-1951 (lyric generation) and between 1962-1971 (X generation). Examining the net effect of labour market casualization with the help of the General Social Survey 2001's retrospective data, the goal of this paper is to answer this specific question: to what extent do the 1980- 90 economic mutations explain the extension of youth and the desynchronization of life courses? The analysis reveals that the casualization of employment is not highly related to the mutations of life courses. In fact, the desynchronization of life courses can be better explained by noneconomic transformations such as the longer length of education and the easing of certain normative constraints within Quebec society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After defining discrimination and linguicism, the first part of the paper provides a brief overview of employment problems experienced by minority groups in Quebec. Part two offers results from a special analysis of the Ethnic Diversity Survey (2003) dealing with experiencing discrimination in Quebec and in the rest of Canada. Results show that in Quebec, anglophones are more likely to report being victims of discrimination than francophones and language/accent is seen as the main cause of discrimination for both francophones and anglophones. In the rest of Canada skin colour is seen as the main cause of discrimination for anglophones, while francophones see language/accent as the main cause of discrimination. Clearly linguicism is seen as the main cause of discrimination in Quebec for both francophones and anglophones, while this is the case only for francophones in the rest of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the difference between the evolution of the protest movement against globalisation in Quebec and in Canada, especially since the end of the eighties. We argue that this difference can be best understood by taking into account the distinctive relationship which prevailed in these two social entities between the national project pursued by social and political actors and the reactions of these actors to the globalisation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OVER THE LAST FEW years, the activities of minimum wage commissions in the western provinces and in Ontario have been the subject of several historical studies. Inspired by these projects, this paper examines the work of the Quebec Women's Minimum Wage Commission, from its inception in 1925 to its dismantling in 1937. After giving reasons which forced the Quebec government to legislate on this issue, the author presents the position of international and catholic unions on women in the work force. In his analysis of the operating mode of the commission and, more precisely, his critical evaluation of its mechanism for enforcing the law, the author concludes that as with the other commissions across Canada, the Quebec Women's Minimum Wage Commission would not have allowed wage increases for women. In a socio-economic context where women on average made half of the salary of men, the decision to use the minimum wage as stool to fight the abuse of the capitalist system had the major consequence of keeping salaries low. In fact, the low rate of the minimum wage agreed to by the commission upheld the principle of pay inequity by gender, thus reflecting the dominant ideology of the era during which the work of women was considered marginal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seismic attenuation in concrete has seldom been studied, although it is an important parameter for survey design. In this paper, the seismic Q factor is estimated from data measured at the Carillon dam. Three methods were used for this study: amplitude decay yielding a value of 5.1 ± 1.6, spectral ratio giving a value of 8.3 ± 3.5, and a value of 7.5 ± 14.9 was obtained from the rise-time technique. These values are weak compared with what is generally observed in rocks, and slightly lower than values obtained on laboratory concrete samples. However, the average P wave velocity measured on the investigated area is 4081 ± 95 m·s[sup –1] , an indication of the good quality of the material. Consequently, this strong attenuation could be attributed on one hand to energy loss, and on the other hand to scattering caused by the intrinsic cement–aggregate composition of concrete. It is also possible that an inadequate sensor coupling had the effect of reducing the observed Q value. Key words: seismic attenuation, concrete dams, microseismic monitoring, coupling.Paramètre important pour la planification de levés sismiques, l'atténuation sismique a été peu étudiée dans les bétons. Dans cet article, le facteur de qualité sismique Q est évalué au barrage de Carillon selon les méthodes du rapport des amplitudes, du rapport des spectres d'amplitude et du temps de montée. Les mesures obtenues sont respectivement de 5,1 ± 1,6, de 8,3 ± 3,5 et de 7,5 ± 14,9. Ces valeurs sont faibles en regard de ce qui est généralement observé dans les roches, et légèrement plus faibles que des valeurs mesurées sur des bétons en laboratoire. Par ailleurs, le béton de la partie du barrage auscultée présente une vitesse d'onde P moyenne de 4081 ± 95 m·s[sup –1] , indiquant une bonne qualité du matériau. En conséquence, la forte atténuation pourrait être attribuable d'une part à la perte de l'énergie sismique sous forme de friction, et d'autre part à une atténuation de diffusion occasionnée par la composition ciment-granulat intrinsèque du béton. Il est également possible qu'un couplage inadéquat des capteurs ait pour effet de réduire la valeur observée de Q. Mots clés : atténuation sismique, barrages en béton, auscultation microsismique, couplage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital publishing is still in its infancy, but it is useful to relate what might be called the prologue to the history of digital publishing in French in Quebec. This article presents the actors who have contributed, and continue to contribute, to the transition from print to digital culture in Quebec. It offers a panoramic view of this transition in the various publishing genres from newspapers and magazines, to journals, books, theses, dictionaries, bibliographical databases, and legal texts. A typology of the actors working in these different genres emerges, comprising publisher, aggregator (general or specialist), distributor, production technician, retailer, and librarian. The builders of Quebec's digital publishing milieu are acknowledged through brief descriptions of their projects and enterprises. Many of them have displayed a notable capacity to engage in the development of new models for the production and diffusion of culture and research. The quality of their products, services, and expertise has been recognized several times over through international partnerships and co-operative ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like the text books they complement, dictionaries are widely used tools in schools. This article examines which dictionaries were authorised for use in schools from 1880 to 1960 by the Department of Public Instruction, the definitive authority for education in Quebec in the absence of a government department, and what use was made of them. During the period examined in this study, dictionaries had to receive endorsement, in the same manner as all text books for francophone public schools, from the Catholic Committee of the Council of Public Instruction, which was comprised half of Catholic bishops from Quebec and the other half from the Catholic laity. Text books and dictionaries were subjected to the meticulous and critical examination of the clerical authorities, who had the text modified or removed illustrations that did not seem to conform to orthodoxy in their eyes before granting their approval. Even though other dictionaries were circulating in Quebec, notably those of the publishers Mame, Quillet-Flammarion, and Hatier, it is the Larousse dictionary, particularly the Dictionnaire complet de la langue française with Canadian supplement, that dominated the period and that made the Montreal publisher Beauchemin its fortune. This study shows that the imported French book could only be distributed in Quebec and in Canada as long as the content met the moral standards of the Catholic Committee of the Council of Public Instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]