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Taking as its basis the results of studies on the processes of reflexivity among (future) managers undergoing training in reflection-oriented engineering programs, the author proposes three major issues that demand elaboration for those aiming to form managers based on principles derived from transdisciplinary epistemology and the problematization of methodology. The question of the multireferentiality of the theoretical tools used to non-reductively understand a situation; the question of whether the person takes into account their implication within a problematic situation, and the question of whether the constructive logic of the problems aims towards comprehension or rather explanation and resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at studying the connections between the discipline of Literary History and a field of enquiry whose epistemological, ideological and methodological frameworks were being reconfigured throughout the 1980s, namely Francophone Studies. The establishment of this branch of studies has aroused a series of fruitful, important debates regarding the future of literary French studies, whose issues have clearly crossed French borders - and way beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although communication has long been considered as an important organizational element, it only recently became a scientific object. This article aims to compare the ways (epistemology, methodology, process, object, etc.) in which organizational communication is understood by researchers in management science and communication science. By performing a contents analysis of thirty scientific papers, we discovered three relatively homogeneous groups of items. The disciplinary diversity of one group provides a starting point to discuss certain research practices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the psychodynamic approach in the context of psychoanalytical psychotherapy in clinical interviews conducted by the clinical psychologist. Methodology: It involves analyzing the narrative productions of the interaction patient–psychologist to determine mental processes in a single-case design protocol. This approach integrates the three dimensions qualitative, quantitative and statistical of research. We will test the clinical study with a intensive case or a deeply analyzed single case. Ethics: Our approach answers to the inquiry of evaluation in Public Health, according to the psychoanalytical epistemology into methodology, principle and practice of objectification, intersubjectivity and singularity. By combining research and clinical interviews we would like to respond to be the closest of the patient''s experience and his work of mental development. Results: This work should help to argue the interest of proposals for supportive or psychodynamic psychotherapy in psychiatry as well as medical departments. Being at the heart of the clinic, we focus on the changing processes at work in psychological development work without ever reaching a standardized clinic which would replace the theoretical-clinical orientation of the practitioners. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The French Departments of Health and Research have just published the specifications for psychotherapy training. They accredit and guarantee the new – and the last? – stage in the development of psychotherapies, namely that of their “integration.” The latter is based on specific criteria: firstly, methodology: consider all currents, do not create a new system but incorporate methods in the “sequential treatment”: short therapy (about ten sessions), psychotherapy lasting one to two years, long analyses; secondly, epistemology: go beyond (meta-) specific school theories and find the common behaviors, cognitions, social environments, personalities, and unconscious processes; thirdly, clinical: connect methods and specific indications, this is the “pathology-therapy matching” and finally, pragmatism: attain the “nonspecific” factors which constitute 70% of the effectiveness of the therapy: the therapist''s personality, therapeutic alliance, reactions ranging from inter-subjectivity to attachment and transference. The authors propose a 4th degree integration which is not a new system but a new training approach (multidisciplinary team) to create a personal approach for each professional. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In French secondary education, the place of arithmetic—the arena of numbers par excellence—has varied greatly, both qualitatively and quantitatively, over the history of the curriculum. After spending years in mothballs, it reappeared in 1998 in the curriculum for the terminale (18 years-old, Grade 12) science course and in the enseignement de spécialité (enriched education with three possible concentrations) and has, since then, also figured in the courses of the troisième (15 years-old. Grade 9) and the seconde (16 years-old, Grade 10). In pan, its reintroduction was a reflection of the concept that arithmetic could foster work on mathematical reasoning. Curricular developments of this kind inevitably bring into play questions of teaching methods. To be specific. Does the type of arithmetic covered in the current terminale curriculum genuinely encourage this type of work, and. if so. what are its specific characteristics? For more than 20 years, a significant amount of education research has taken up questions related to mathematical reasoning and proof—in other words, mathematical rationality. On [he whole, the present study is positioned within this body of research, but at the same time, it adopts as its point of approach the examination of a specific field—namely, arithmetic conceived of as number theory. In contrast to what has occurred in the case of geometry, for obvious cultural reasons, the potentialities offered by this field of learning and the teaching of mathematical rationality seem, in my view, to have been less systematically explored, particularly at the relatively advanced level analyzed here. The answers to the questions posed above are thus far from being self-evident. This is why in this study, the choice has been made to intertwine analyses hearing on epistemology and on teaching methods. The purpose of the epistemological analysis is to provide a basis for studying the characteristics of modes of reasoning that bring into play the arithmetical concepts at stake at this level. The present analysis then goes on to discuss such concepts in terms of a reasoning in arithmetic, so as to fully distinguish it from the arithmetical type of reasoning identified in research on algebra and especially on the arithmetic-algebra transition (Schmidt. 2002). In cases of reasoning in arithmetic, algebraic symbolism functions as a tool that has presumably been mastered with sufficient proficiency by termintate science students. The epistemological analysis is based on the study of historical and present-day arithmetical proofs. Thus, the first part of this article offers an historical demonstration as a means of introducing a tool generated by this same demonstration—that is, on the one hand, a process of differentiation between two, so-called organizing and operative dimensions of reasoning and. on the other, the identification of both components' characteristics. This differentiation and these characteristics served, to evaluate, from the outset, the potentialities of this field for the teaching and learning of mathematical reasoning. The objective of the methods-related analysis was to study the ecology of the potentialities revealed by the epistemological analysis in the curricular context considered here. This particular analysis was conducted along various main threads of inquiry. However, the present article only takes up an analysis of the reasoning of students confronted with arithmetical problem solving. As mathematical reasoning depends not only on the field involved but also on the context within which it is produced, two types of corpora were analyzed: (1) student test paper from a baccalauréat (secondary school graduation certificate) training examination, and (2) the process adopted by a group of students in a classroom situation to produce an arithmetical proof. These two examples serve to demonstrate the relevance, in terms of teaching methods, of the analytical tool resulting from the epistemological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]