22 results
Search Results
2. Pour une theorie de la traduction inspiree de sa pratique (For a Theory of Translation Inspired by Practice).
- Author
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Seleskovitch, Danica
- Abstract
Discusses the limitations of linguistic translation doctrines and proposes an "interpretive" theory based on the characteristics that account for a successful product. Following this premise, stresses the concept of "cognitive complements" defined as those situational elements that are indispensable for a correct interpretation of the message. (MES)
- Published
- 1980
3. Environnement et approche fonctionnelle ou les processus d'un systeme ouvert (The Environment and a Functional Approach or the Processes of an Open System).
- Author
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Catalan, Robert
- Abstract
Discusses the relationship between the person learning a foreign language, the methodology employed, and the environment using the paradigms of T. Parsons. Notes that the functional method has adapted some of these functions and suggests ways to incorporate the others. (AMH)
- Published
- 1982
4. Propositions pour une competence culturelle de l'enseignant et de l'apprenant (Propositions for Cultural Competence of the Teacher and Learner).
- Author
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Trescases, Pierre
- Abstract
It is proposed that language instruction focusing more on sociocultural aspects would enhance commmunicative competence. Three broad objectives are discussed: (1) an understanding of certain basic sociocultural patterns expressed by the language; (2) awareness of the language's diversity; and (3) familiarity with certain fundamental characteristics of the language. (MSE)
- Published
- 1983
5. Maruyama Masao: Mythe et réalités du « champion de la démocratie de l'après-guerre ».
- Author
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Oguma Eiji
- Subjects
POLITICAL science writing ,SOCIOLOGY of knowledge ,DEMOCRACY ,POSTWAR reconstruction ,HISTORY - Abstract
Copyright of Ebisu is the property of MAISON FRANCO-JAPONAISE, Bureau français and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. La cognition sociale dans le vieillissement normal et pathologique.
- Author
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FORTIER, JONATHAN, BESNARD, JÉRÉMY, and ALLAIN, PHILIPPE
- Abstract
Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. « Moi d'abord ! » ou l'égocentrisme ordinaire : une revue critique de l'effet de priorité au Soi.
- Author
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Maire, Hélène
- Subjects
- *
ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *SOCIAL perception , *SELF-perception , *DEVELOPMENTAL psychology , *TASK performance , *SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
The self is a crucial component of the psychic life and plays a central role for the adaptation to the environment. In daily life, this adaptative function is ensured, inter alia, by numerous biases filtering information and favoring those which are self-related. After succinctly reviewing the most documented among them which are affective and mnesic biases, the current paper provides a critical review of literature about a bias which is supposed to be perceptive, the self-prioritization effect (SPE). That has been revealed by Sui et al. (2012, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(5), 1105) with an astute matching task and consists in the fact that arbitrarily tagging shapes to a word referring to the participant (e.g., you--square) leads to faster and more accurate responses as compared to shapes tagged to a word referring to another identity (e.g., strange--circle). The methodological variations of this task and the SPE's both extension and putative origins will be presented, as well as the restrictions which border it, related to the individuals, to the experimental situation and to some more general properties of the self. Finally, some avenues for future research will be proposed, drawing some promising paths: beyond being a robust and intriguing phenomenon, SPE can indeed be considered as a convenient tool to assess some mechanisms underlying social cognition, in various fields using an experimental approach such as developmental psychology and social psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Remédiation cognitive et informations faciales
- Author
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Winter, Mathias and Franck, Nicolas
- Subjects
- *
COGNITION disorders treatment , *FACE perception , *SCHIZOPHRENIA treatment , *SOCIAL perception , *EMOTIONS & cognition , *MENTAL health services , *INFORMATION processing - Abstract
Abstract: Impairments in facial affect recognition have been well-established in schizophrenia. Programs of cognitive remediation specifically aiming at correcting these deficiencies are being developed. This paper reviews these programs’ results, and presents a critical perspective on the connections between cognitive remediation and social cognition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Maruyama Masao : mythe et réalités du « champion de la démocratie de l’après-guerre »
- Author
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Eiji Oguma
- Subjects
Maruyama Masao ,Intellectuals ,Social cognition ,Postwar ,Political engagement ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Maruyama Masao wrote his most politically engaged texts between 1946 and 1951. Then a 30-year-old scholar and recently returned soldier, he was popular with readers who had also fought in the war. Yet he never enjoyed the same level of influence as his more experienced peers in the intellectual community. He retired from the public debate in 1952 due to ill health and, except for a short period around 1960 when a new Japan-United States security treaty was signed, devoted himself to academic pursuits. Maruyama’s fragmentary statements were widely reported and collections of his writings became bestsellers. He came to be seen, somewhat erroneously, as the representative thinker of Japan’s postwar democracy. Ever since, the Maruyama legend has been the focus of both criticism and praise, going beyond his original intentions. Using an approach borrowed from the sociology of knowledge, this paper seeks to examine the issues of social cognition and political engagement in his work.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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10. The Quasi-Economic Agency of Human Selves
- Author
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James Grayot
- Subjects
selves ,multiple-self models ,economic agency ,social cognition ,narrative construction ,Ross (Don) ,Social Sciences - Abstract
According to Don Ross, individual persons are complex aggregations of selves. These selves arise in response to external pressures to regulate individual behaviors and therefore enable the tracking of public norms and conventions. In this paper, I investigate the different roles that selves play in Ross’ broader philosophy of economics and I identify separate projects that arise therein. To this end, I distinguish three different roles for selves, which are evolutionary, narrative, and economic, and I argue that these roles contribute to two distinct, but overlapping, projects. My aim is to show that there is a tension underlying these projects, but that it’s not clear where these tensions arise precisely because of how selves are multiply understood and used to defend these projects. I will argue that, while it is not problematic to conceive of selves according to their different roles, we should not presume that the functions or properties of selves in one role can serve the same purposes for both projects.
- Published
- 2017
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11. The influence of physical and social constraints of actions on visual perception of space
- Author
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Morgado, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Grenoble, Richard Palluel-Germain, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Social Cognition ,Espace ,Perception-Action ,Visual Perception ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Embodied Cognition ,Space ,Cognition sociale ,Cognition incarnée ,Perception visuelle ,Affordances - Abstract
Actions that people can perform in their everyday life are subject to a lot of constraints which limit their ability to perform these actions. The main purpose of these doctoral researches was to provide empirical evidences for an integrative approach according to which these constraints influence the visual perception of space. We conducted two behavioral experiments to investigate the influence of physical constraints on distance perception (Papers 1 and 2) and one experiment to investigate the perception of one of these constraints (Paper 3). We also conducted three other behavioral experiments to investigate the potential influence of social constraints on the perception of space and affordances (Papers 4, 5, and 7) and one robotic simulation to gain more insight into one of these constraints (Paper 6). Our results seem to provide some supports to the hypothesis that action constraints influence the visual perception of space. However, some methodological flaws prevent us to draw firm conclusions about this general hypothesis given that some of our results might be better explained in terms of experimental demand biases rather than in terms of perceptual effects., Les actions que les individus réalisent dans leur vie quotidienne sont soumises à un ensemble de contraintes physiques et sociales qui donnent un cadre à leur réalisation. Le but de cette thèse était d'apporter des arguments empiriques en faveur d'une approche intégrative selon laquelle ces contraintes influencent la perception visuelle de l'espace. Nous avons pour cela réalisé deux études comportementales sur l'influence des contraintes physiques sur la perception des distances (Articles 1 et 2) et une étude sur la perception d'une de ces contraintes (Article 3). Nous avons également réalisé trois études comportementales sur l'influence des contraintes sociales sur la perception de l'espace et des possibilités d'action (Articles 4, 5 et 7) ainsi qu'une simulation en robotique pour étudier davantage une de ces contraintes (Article 6). À première vue, nos résultats semblent indiquer que les contraintes des actions influencent la perception de l'espace. Cependant, des limites méthodologiques nous incitent à nuancer cette interprétation dans la mesure où certains de nos résultats pourraient refléter des biais de demande expérimentale plutôt que des effets perceptifs.
- Published
- 2014
12. Profil neuropsychologique des enfants atteints de cardiopathie congénitale d’âge préscolaire : une perspective développementale
- Author
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Gaudet, Isabelle and Gallagher, Anne
- Subjects
cardiopathies congénitales ,neurodevelopment ,cognition sociale ,compétence sociale ,social competence ,neuropsychological profile ,social cognition ,profil neuropsychologique ,preschool age ,âge préscolaire ,neurodéveloppement ,Congenital heart disease - Abstract
Les cardiopathies congénitales (CC) sont les malformations congénitales les plus fréquentes, affectant 1% des nouveau-nés. Grâce aux avancées médicales des dernières décennies, le pronostic cardiaque d’enfants qui en sont atteint est généralement favorable. Or, les atteintes neurodéveloppementales sont courantes dans cette population, touchant environ la moitié des survivants à mesure qu’ils grandissent. À l’âge scolaire, une incidence plus élevée de difficultés langagières, académiques, sociales et comportementales sont rapportés chez les enfants nés avec une CC que chez leurs pairs en santé. On en sait toutefois relativement peu sur l’émergence de ces difficultés en âge préscolaire, de même que sur la trajectoire développementale et la stabilité des différentes fonctions cognitives au fil du temps. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse avait comme objectif général de caractériser le fonctionnement neuropsychologique et social des enfants d’âge préscolaire atteints de CC et d’identifier des marqueurs précoces permettant de dépister les difficultés pouvant survenir au moment d’entrer à l’école. La thèse est composée de trois articles principaux, soit une revue de la littérature et deux articles empiriques. Le premier article visait à recenser les connaissances actuelles quant à la compréhension et la classification des troubles neurodéveloppementaux de manière globale. Ensuite, le second article de cette thèse avait pour but de dresser le profil neuropsychologique des enfants de 5 ans atteints de CC modérée à sévère (n=55) et de décrire leur trajectoire neurodéveloppementale entre 1 et 5 ans. Ultimement, cette étude visait à identifier des marqueurs prédictifs du fonctionnement préscolaire par l’entremise des habiletés en bas âge. Les résultats obtenus mettent en lumière une vulnérabilité importante au niveau des habiletés langagières, des prérequis à la lecture et aux mathématiques, ainsi qu’au niveau des fonctions attentionnelles et exécutives à l’âge de 5 ans. Nos données indiquent également des trajectoires développementales distinctes selon la sphère évaluée, avec un retard qui semble s’accroitre entre 1 et 5 ans pour ce qui est du fonctionnement cognitif global et du langage expressif. À l’inverse, le langage réceptif s’amélior significativement au fil du développement, et, dans notre groupe d’enfants atteints de CC, le retard observé à 1 an n’était plus perceptible à l’âge de 5 ans. Par ailleurs, les résultats révèlent que les enfants à risque de présenter des difficultés langagières au moment de l’entrée à l’école peuvent être identifier avec précision par l’entremise de leurs habiletés langagières à l’âge de deux ans – contrairement aux autres difficultés neurodéveloppementales présentes à l’âge préscolaire. Étudié à travers cette même cohorte d’enfants, le troisième article de cette thèse visait à évaluer la compétence et la cognition sociale des enfants de 5 ans atteints de CC, ainsi qu’à étudier les facteurs socio-cognitifs contribuant à la compétence sociale dans cette population. Cette étude montre une vulnérabilité de la cognition sociale chez notre cohorte d’enfants atteints de CC, tandis que la compétence sociale apparait préservée. Cette étude révèle aussi qu’ensemble, le langage, la cognition sociale (théorie de l’esprit) et le fonctionnement excutif permettent d’expliquer une proportion significative de la compétence sociale (R2=0,62, p, Congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the most common birth defects, affecting approximately 1% of all live births. Improvements in medical care have resulted in dramatically improved survival rates, however, rates of long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities and psychiatric comorbidities in this population remain relatively unchanged. Approximately one-half of children with CHD present with cognitive difficulties leading to higher rates of special education service use, poorer school outcomes, psychosocial maladjustment, as well as reduced earnings and employability in adulthood. Despite growing recognition of difficulties in early childhood and at school age, less is known regarding the presentation of these difficulties during preschool age. Moreover, the development of their neurodevelopmental profile over time has received relatively little attention. To begin to address these issues, the overall objective of this thesis was to characterize the neuropsychological and social profile of preschoolers with CHD and to identify early markers for potential difficulties that may arise when entering school. This objective has been studied through three sub-objectives. First, we reviewed the literature regarding our current understanding and classification of neurodevelopmental disorders in children (article 1). In our second paper, we sought to characterize the neuropsychological profile of children with CHD at 5 years of age (N=55) and to describe their neurodevelopmental trajectory between 1 and 5 years of age. This work allowed us to identify potential predictive markers of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes (article 2). Finally, the third sub-objective, studied in the same cohort of children assessed for objective 2, was to evaluate the integrity of socio-cognitive skills (social cognition, language and EF) and to examine the contribution of these skills to social competence in preschool children (five years) with CHD (article 3). Together, the results of our work provide new insight into the comprehensive neuropsychological profile of children with CHD, and help to guide our understanding of the complex and dynamic relationships between different developmental domains of following heart surgery. Our findings provide an empirical basis to guide future research into the development of optimal supports for young children with CHD., Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option option neuropsychologie clinique (Ph.D)
- Published
- 2022
13. Embodied Simulation and Touch: the Sense of Touch in Social Cognition
- Author
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Vittorio Gallese and Sjoerd Ebisch
- Subjects
empathy ,embodied simulation ,mirror neurons ,multisensory integration ,social cognition ,Aesthetics ,BH1-301 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
This paper explores the sense of touch in relation to social cognition offering a new take on multisensory integration in the brain, within the framework of Embodied simulation (ES) theory. ES provides a new empirically based notion of intersubjectivity, viewed first and foremost as intercorporeality. In relation to touch, by means of ES we do not just “see” a sensation experienced by someone else and then understand it through an inference by analogy. By means of ES we can map others’ sensations by re-using our own motor, somatosensory and viscero-motor representations. ES provides an original and unitary account of basic aspects of intersubjectivity, demonstrating how deeply our making sense of others’ living and acting bodies is rooted in the power of re-using our own motor, somatosensory and viscero-motor resources.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Cognition sociale et sens de l'agentivité en autisme : de l'action à l'interaction.
- Author
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Lafleur, Alexis, Soulières, Isabelle, and Forgeot d'Arc, Baudouin
- Abstract
Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. La reconnaissance intuitive de la fiction
- Author
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Dubourg, Edgar
- Subjects
Intentional schema ,Communication ,Schéma intentionnel ,Fiction ,Cognition sociale ,Intuition ,Social cognition - Abstract
La reconnaissance de la fiction est définie comme le processus par lequel les humains catégorisent une fiction. Il existe des critères explicites sur lesquels se fondent les jugements portés sur les fictions, dont celui de fictionnalité distinguant entre récit factuel et récit fictionnel. L’article définit ici théoriquement le niveau intuitif de la reconnaissance de la fiction, pour envisager un éventail d’outils et de mécanismes fonctionnels déployés lors de la réception d’une fiction., Fiction recognition is defined as the process by which humans categorize fictions. There are explicit criteria on which various judgements about fictions are based, such as the fictionality judgement, which distinguishes between a factual and a fictional narrative. This paper theoretically defines the intuitive level of fiction recognition, in order to consider a range of tools and functional mechanisms that are intuitively used during fiction-related activities.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Mesure de la motivation scolaire des adolescents : construction et validation de trois échelles complémentaires
- Author
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Ladislas Ntamakiliro, Isabelle Monnard, and Jean-Luc Gurtner
- Subjects
Social Psychology ,analyse factorielle ,analyse en pistes causales ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,échelle de motivation ,School motivation ,factor analysis ,path analysis ,social cognition ,motivation scale ,Motivation scolaire ,Education ,approche sociocognitive - Abstract
Du point de vue sociocognitiviste, la motivation scolaire est traitée comme une entité complexe où se mêlent des perceptions de soi, des analyses cognitives du contexte d'apprentissage ainsi que des éléments d'ordre relationnel et affectif. Cet élargissement du champ conceptuel de la motivation scolaire va de pair avec une approche componentielle de la mesure. L'évaluation de la motivation pour le travail scolaire ne peut plus se faire au travers d'une mesure unique, mais en identifiant les différentes pièces du puzzle, leurs fonctions respectives et leurs relations les unes avec les autres. Cet article présente une démarche de construction et de validation de trois échelles complémentaires de la motivation scolaire. La validité de construct des trois échelles est attestée par un modèle en pistes causales qui met en évidence la position de la volonté d'apprendre en aval du processus motivationnel, celle des croyances attributionnelles et des orientations motivationnelles en amont, le sentiment de compétence, l'attrait des études et l'utilité perçue occupant une place intermédiaire. From a sociocognitivist point of view, motivation is seen as a complex entity made of perceptions of the self cognitive analyses of the leaming context as well as relational and affective components. In such a perspective, measuring motivation also implies assessing each of its various components and their interrelations. This paper presents an attempt to build and validate three complementary scales of motivation for the school context and to examine their factorial structures. The construct validity of the three scales is attested through a causal path model in which learning intention takes the initial position, self-confidence, perceived utility and attractiveness of schoolwork the intermediate one and beliefs such as attributions and motivational orientations occupy the latter positions in the strearrt of motivation.
- Published
- 2018
17. Les systèmes résonnants: bases neurales de cognition sociale? 2e partie
- Author
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Petit, Jean-Luc
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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18. Les systèmes résonnants: bases neurales de cognition sociale? 1re partie
- Author
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Petit, Jean -Luc
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Comment améliorer les pratiques et interventions de soutien à l’insertion professionnelle des patients souffrant de schizophrénie en France ?
- Author
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Nicolas Franck, R. Gaillard, J.M. Azorin, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Caroline Dubertret, Bernard Pachoud, I. de Pierrefeu, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,education.educational_degree ,Applied psychology ,Psychological intervention ,Metacognition ,Psychiatric rehabilitation ,[SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences ,030227 psychiatry ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Social cognition ,Vocational education ,Cognitive skill ,Dependant ,education ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Supported employment - Abstract
Getting and keeping a job are not only one of the criteria of recovery from schizophrenia, but are also one of its main means. Indeed, recovery is partly defined by the ability to work. Despite the lack of data in France about employment of people with schizophrenia, it is widely acknowledged that the employment rate of people with schizophrenia remains quite low, and frequently it is only an employment in sheltered workshops, not on the regular work market. International research data show that it is possible to improve significantly this employment rate, with an appropriate support, that is precisely defined by the current researches, and that is quickly spreading in most developed countries. The aim of this paper is to present, on the basis of a broad current literature review, the key predictive factors of the return to work for people with schizophrenia, and the strategies to optimize vocational services. It will appear that there are several ways to improve practices and interventions in France to support work integration. To begin with individual factors of work integration, dependant on each person, the clinical state and the cognitive skills (in a broad sense, including social cognition and metacognition) are to be taken into account, and optimized by means of the association of a finely tuned pharmacological treatment and psychosocial interventions such as cognitive remediation adjusted to the person's specific needs. The other main kind of factors is environmental factors, particularly the kind of vocational support, which turns out to have a major impact not only on job acquisition, but importantly also on job tenure. The most effective vocational services are based on the "Place and train" model, and even more precisely on the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model, that allows to the majority of people with a severe mental illness (more than 50%) to obtain a competitive employment after 6 to 18 months of individualized support. This approach is now widely recommended as "an evidence-based practice" of rehabilitation. It is important to promote in France the development of this kind of practice, already implemented as an experiment by few militant and involved associations. This development remains in France slow and delayed (compared to the practices in the other European countries) because of the lack of public funding. It implies an evolution of the social and medico-social practices, taking into account current research data, and assessing the outcomes of their practices in order to improve them. The employment specialist (sometimes called also the "job coach") turns out to play a key role, emphasized by current research, implying, among many other tasks, to coordinate the net of people supporting the work integration, including the clinical team, the employer and the colleagues of the workplace.
- Published
- 2015
20. Gradual rule mining for data from psychological studies of aging
- Author
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Denis Brouillet, Maguelonne Teisseire, Sophie Martin, Sandra Bringay, Lisa Di Jorio, Anne Laurent, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ADVanced Analytics for data SciencE (ADVANSE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIAP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
- Subjects
Cognitive Diseases ,troubles cognitifs ,Decision support system ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognition ,Data science ,Fouille de Données ,règles d'associations graduelles ,Knowledge extraction ,gradual association rules ,maladie d'Alzeihmer ,Social cognition ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Social relationship ,Artificial intelligence ,Cognitive diseases ,business ,Psychology ,Alzeihmer Disease ,Data mining ,Autonomy ,media_common - Abstract
International audience; Alzheimer disease impacts memory and reduces cognitive functions and social relationships, interactions, self-decision making and autonomy. In this paper, we describe how data mining tools can help psychologists to analyze the data they collect. This work is the result of a collaboration between psychologists and computer scientists. It aims at developing methods and tools to handle the data collected by psychologists to extract relevant knowledge.; La mémoire humaine n'est pas un simple réceptacle du passé. Elle permet de comprendre le présent et de se projeter dans l'avenir. Elle est l'identité même de l'être. Les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer souffrent de pertes de mémoire qui réduisent leurs fonctions cognitives et donc leurs relations sociales, leurs interactions, leurs capacités à décider par eux mêmes, et finalement leur autonomie. Cet article est issu d'une collaboration entre une équipe de psychologues, spécialistes de la mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer et une équipe d'informaticiens, spécialistes de la fouille de données. Cette collaboration vise à développer des méthodes et des outils de fouille adaptés aux données issues d'études psychologiques en vue d'en extraire des connaissances nouvelles.
- Published
- 2010
21. Mais où est donc le sens ? Pour une linguistique symétrique
- Author
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Paveau, Marie-Anne, Centre d'Etudes sur les Nouveaux Espaces Littéraires (CENEL), and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)
- Subjects
linguistique symétrique ,externalism ,prediscursive frames ,cognition sociale ,symmetrical linguistics ,externalisme ,social cognition ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,cadres prédiscursifs - Abstract
version 1; International audience; In this paper, I propose to give a sociocognitive answer to a question raised by the semantic externalism hypothesis, which I sum up as follows : where is meaning ? This question gives rise to others : is human linguistic activity localized somewhere ? and if it is so case : is linguistics itself localized somewhere, i.e. closed into disciplinary boundaries, and do linguists have to consider linguistic phenonemons only by means of linguistic tools only, or may they use non linguistic theories and instruments ? In other words, is linguistic science only a linguistic practice ? I will first show that the externalist hypothesis in linguistic science is not a recent one, by describing theories of meaning which may be considered as externalist proposals (Bakhtin's theory of contextual meaning, Pêcheux's marxist discursive semantics and recent works in the field of social cognition, especially Varela's enactivism). Then I will explain why linguists have, according to me, to give up the old cartesian binary way of thinking language and meaning (the « vs » way : in vs out), to take up a scalar conception which supposes that there is no gap between internal and external datas of linguistic activity (the « - » way : in-out). Following Clark's active externalism, Sinha's mediated mind and Latour's interobjectivity, I will at last propose a renewed version of the concept of prediscursive frames, which permits, as part of a symmetrical linguistics, to account of the « - » way of thinking linguistic activity.; Dans cet article, je propose de donner une réponse sociocognitive à la question posée par l'hypothèse de l'externalisme sémantique, que je résumerai ainsi : où est le sens ? Cette question en entraîne d'autres : l'activité linguistique de l'homme est-elle située quelque part ? et si c'est le cas : la linguistique est-elle elle-même située voire circonscrite quelque part ? autrement dit : la linguistique doit-elle se constituer d'elle-même ou également de ses extérieurs disciplinaires ? autrement dit encore : doit-on décrire et expliquer le langagier uniquement avec du linguistique ? Ma proposition implique de répondre à ces questions et c'est ce que suggère le sous-titre « Pour une linguistique symétrique », inspiré de l'« anthropologie symétrique » de B. Latour, approche considérant les objets de l'environnement non humain comme des contributeurs actifs aux activités sociales des agents humains. Je rappellerai d'abord des propositions faites en linguistique sur l'extériorité de l'activité langagière et de la production du sens, qui sont peut-être rarement mentionnées dans le mainstream des travaux en sémantique ; je poserai ensuite le cadre de mon travail en proposant une version scalaire et non binaire de l'opposition extérieur vs intérieur, appuyée sur des travaux en cognition sociale, ce qui m'amènera à décrire les présupposés d'une « linguistique symétrique », à partir de la notion de prédiscours.
- Published
- 2009
22. L'approche écologique de la cognition sociale et son impact sur la conception des traits de personnalité
- Author
-
Tamara Leonova
- Subjects
Cognitive science ,Social psychology (sociology) ,Social perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cognition ,Empirical research ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Social cognition ,Perception ,Ecological psychology ,Affordance ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Summary : The ecological approach to social cognition and its impact on the conception of personality traits During the eighties and nineties, researchers in cognitive, developmental and social psychology became increasingly interested in the ecological approach to visual perception proposed by James J. Gibson (1950, 1966, 1979). This approach is founded on the concepts of direct perception and affordances. The goal of this paper is to justify, from a theoretical point of view, the extension of the affordance concept to the field of cognition, especially social cognition. In the first part, we set out the broad outlines of the ecological approach to perception, its origins and basic concepts, as well as some theoretical and empirical studies based upon this approach in developmental psychology. The second part deals with the extension ofthe ecological approach to social cognition. First, we state four principles ofthe ecological approach to social perception as formulated by Mc Arthur and Baron (1983), and then review the empirical research conducted by defenders of the ecological position. Finally, we present arguments infavour of the extension of the affordance concept to the field of cognition. The concluding sections are devoted to the conception of personality traits as affordances and the summary of empirical evidence supporting this view. The implications of an ecological conception of personality traits are discussed. Key words : perception, social cognition, affordances, personality traits., Résumé Au cours des années 1980-1990, les chercheurs en psychologie cognitive, développementale et sociale ont manifesté un intérêt accru envers une approche écologique de la perception proposée par James J. Gibson (1950, 1966, 1979). Cette approche est basée sur des notions de perception directe et d'affordances. L'objectif de l'article est de défendre, du point de vue théorique, l'extension du concept d'affordance sur le champ de la cognition, en particulier de la cognition sociale. Dans la première partie, nous présentons les grandes lignes de l'approche écologique de la perception, son origine et ses concepts clés, les travaux théoriques et empiriques qu'elle a suscités en psychologie du développement. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'élargissement de l'approche écologique sur le champ de la cognition sociale. Nous exposons, d'abord, les principes de l'approche écologique de la perception sociale formulés par Me Arthur et Baron (1983). Nous décrivons ensuite les travaux empiriques réalisés par les tenants de cette approche. Nous terminons par le fondement de l'extension du concept d'affordance sur le champ de la cognition. La vision des traits de personnalité en tant qu'affordance est discutée. Les résultats des recherches empiriques qui étayent cette conception sont présentés. Mots clés : perception, cognition sociale, affordances, traits de personnalité., Leonova Tamara. L'approche écologique de la cognition sociale et son impact sur la conception des traits de personnalité. In: L'année psychologique. 2004 vol. 104, n°2. pp. 249-294.
- Published
- 2004
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