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The printing industry has become more development than before, as well as the challenges that related to quality and consistency of colors results, especially with the repetition of printing operations in the packaging field. The using of measurement devices is very important due to the many changes that occur on printing materials in general and on paper and inks in particular. And their were many sources of cellulose plants and other sources of paper manufacturing, as well as the entry of recycling operations in this industry , and also many producing companies are manufacturing paper with different technology in the world.Also there are a several companies producing inks and the development of the manufacture of chemical›s Pigment compounds and sources of oils, resins and other additives.All of that factors made it necessary and to use measurement devices, especially in the production of repeated printing to ensure the stability of results and quality control in each process.In this research we will highlight on the most important types of paper in general and especially the paper that used in this research .And we will print models of the fourteen basic colors of the Pan tone and will make measurements using the spectrophotometer to register and monitor the differences resulting from the different surface finishing of the paper coated - glossy/matt and uncoated.As well as registered the results and values of the difference between the print samples and Pantone.In this research, we will highlight on the colors deviations with the different surface finishing of the paper and fixed the other factors to identify the reasons that lead to the deviation of the results with the use of the same materials and equipment and using of different types of finishing surface of paper.

مع التحول الرقمی العالمى فی جمیع المجالات واجهت الصحف فی شتى أنحاء العالم أزمة حادة فی التحریر وتقنیات الإنتاج ، مما هدد استمرار الصحیفة المطبوعة فی الإصدار ودعى إلى ضرورة التغییر. حیث تفتقد الصحیفة المطبوعة إلى عنصری الصورة المتحرکة والتفاعلیة المباشرة، الّذین یمثلان عنصرین أساسیین فی العملیة الإتصالیة الرقمیة وهما ما یدفع الجمهور إلى الإقبال على الصحافة الإلکترونیة والإعلام الرقمى بصفه عامه. وبالرغم من ان الثورة الرقمیة هی من هدد وجود الصحیفة المطبوعه إلا انها هی أیضا من أوجدت فرصا جدیدة للبقاء. حیث ظهرت استراتیجیة جدیدة للصحف المطبوعة تتمثل فی دمج تقنیة الواقع المعزز "Augmented reality" داخل صفحاتها، لتصبح الصحیفة المطبوعة أحد أنماط الوسائط المتعددة الهجینة. فمن خلال تلک التقنیة یحدث تراکب رقمی على الصفحة المطبوعة بإضافة محتوى متعدد الوسائط ، یشمل ملفات الفیدیو والصوت ووصلات للربط مع وسائل الاعلام الاجتماعیة، وأکثر من ذلک. وتعمل هذه التقنیّة على تحویل الصورة الثابتة التی نشاهدها فی الصحیفة المطبوعة إلى صورة متحرکة وفیدیو نشاهده عبرالأجهزة الذکیة بمختلف أنواعها واشکالها.وینظر إلی الواقع المعزز (AR) على أنه تکنولوجیا المستقبل والمصدر الرئیسی للدخل فی وسائل الإعلام المطبوعة. تعرض هذه الدراسة وصف ومناقشة تطبیقات الواقع المعزز فی الصحف المطبوعة لتحلیل وتقییم استخدام التقنیة المستحدثه لتحسین فعالیة وکفاءة الصحیفة المطبوعة الأتصالیة،ولتحدید کیف یمکن لتقنیة الواقع المعزز (AR) کتقنیة هجینة مع تقنیة الطباعة تغییر مفهوم الصحافة المطبوعة والأستفادة من ممیزات دمج تقنیة الواقع المعزز لرقمنة الصحیفة المطبوعه وتحسین تفاعلیتها. حیث أنتهجت الدراسة المنهجین الوصفی التحلیلی والمسحى المیدانى،عن طریق تحلیل دمج تقنیة الواقع المعزز مع الصحف المطبوعة، ثم إجراء دراسة میدانیة من خلال مجموعة من المقابلات الشخصیة المقننة باستمارة استبیان مع عدد خمسین من المتخصیین والخبراء فی مجال الطباعة والإعلام المصرى من أساتذة الجامعات والمسؤلیین والعاملین فی المؤسسات الصحفیة (کجهات فاعلة فی اتخاذ قرار التطبیق والتنبأ بمدى فاعلیته). بغرض مسح آراء النخبة حول تطبیق الواقع المعزز لرقمنة الصحف المطبوعه المصریة وتحسین فاعلیتها الأتصالیة ، والوقوف على أهم التحدیات التقنیة والمؤسسیة والجوانب البشریة والمجتمعیة التی یمکن أن تواجه تطبیق تلک التقنیة ، ثم تحدید فرص نجاحها فی ظل تلک التحدیات. وکانت أهم النتائج التی توصلت إلیها الدراسة أنه بالرغم من أن مدى فوائد دمج تقنیه الواقع المعزز مع الصحف المطبوعة مازال غیر واضح المعالم وخاضع للمناقشة والبحث،إلا أن تقنیة الواقع المعزز تمثل أحد أفضل الخیارات الأستراتیجیة المتاحة لتحسین فاعلیة اتصال الصحیفة المطبوعة وجعلها أحد وسائل الإعلام الهجینة.

Over 300 million tones of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural process in India. These materials pose problems of disposal and health hazards. The wastes like phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum and red mud contain obnoxious impurities which adversely affect the strength and other properties of building materials based on them. Out of several wastes being produced at present, the use of phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, lime sludge, hypo sludge, red mud, and mine tailing is of paramount significance to protect the environment. Paper making generally produces a large amount of solid waste. Paper fibers can be recycled only a limited number of times before they become too short or weak to make high quality paper. It means that the broken, low-quality paper fibers are separated out to become waste sludge. All the inks, dyes, coatings, pigments, staples and ”stickies” (tape, plastic films, etc.) are also washed off the recycled fibers to join the waste solids. The shiny finish on glossy magazine-type paper is produced using a fine kaolin clay coating, which also becomes solid waste during recycling. This paper mill sludge consumes a large percentage of local landfill space for each and every year. Worse yet, some of the wastes are land spread on cropland as a disposal technique, raising concerns about trace contaminants building up in soil or running off into area lakes and streams. Some companies burn their sludge in incinerators, contributing to our serious air pollution problems. To reduce disposal and pollution problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most essential to develop profitable building materials from them. Keeping this in view, investigations were undertaken to produce low cast concrete by blending various ratios of cement with hypo sludge. This project is concerned with experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing cement via 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of Hypo Sludge.

The Far East Land Property Credit Company (CFEO Crédit Foncier d’Extrême-Orient) is a Franco-Belgian company that specializes in mortgages and infrastructure financing and modern technology, but also in the construction and maintenance of buildings. From 1907 to 1959, about thirty mainly Belgian and French architects worked for this company in China, Hong Kong and Singapore. After introducing problems and issues relating to the archives of Belgian companies in general and Belgian companies in China more specifically, the article will present an outline of the history of the CFEO and its archives before lingering on specific architect’s firms, architects, projects and constructions. In addition to the archives of the company’s headquarters in Brussels, additional collections (architects, clients, municipal) and monumental sources (considered to be patrimony more or less) are considered. The potential and limits of the CFEO archives for the architectural historian serve as a guiding line for a critical approach.

Two decades ago, nanotechnologies demonstrated various applications in different fields. As a result, exposure to such particles has been risen dramatically within the last century due to anthropogenic sources of nanoparticles. The wide application of nanomaterials in industry, consumer, and products have raised concerns regarding the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to humans. For this Engineered nano technology, materials have been proved to be with a great risk on human health and environment. For that reason, we now try to find solutions to mange this risks that many scientific studies prove it to be with a great dangerous impact. As an alternative solution, scientists work hard to extract natural nanomaterials from different sources of nature even from (agricultural crops – soil- sand ……..etc).The aim of the research is to focus on the potential uses of these extracted natural nanomaterials and study their physical and mechanical properties and application in interior design and furniture field, in a way to find Sustainable interior design using design principles such as functionality, and aesthetics and expands the focus to include environmental considerations by choosing materials with low environmental impacts.The research manipulated three components (Nano cellulose fibers sheets, nano clays and shellac) together structural properties and studied The advantages of those green nano materials and future trends and applications in the field of interior design.Two properties were examined on the prepared samples on this paper contact angle and water absorption For the purpose of mating between green nano-materials and interior design for use in creating a comfortable environment for humans and environment friendly.

Muslims in general, Moroccans and Andalusians in particular, took care of the Mus'haf. In terms of the material on which it was written, the people of the Islamic West began writing the Mus'haf on parchment, which was used in the Mus'haf until recently. Then they started writing on paper since (AH 5th / AD 11th) century. As for the type of calligraphy, the Kufic script was used to write the Mus'haf until the (AH 5th / AD 11th) century, Until it was replaced by the Moroccan script.As for the ink colors, it was used black in writing, red in tashkil (signs), and yellow in the titles of the Surahs. In terms of binding, it began simple by using wooden panels that were covered in leather or fabric, and then studded with gemstones, gold and silver flakes, Then the wood panels were replaced with paper covers that were covered in leather and decorated with ornaments and gilding. The Mus'haf under study is a model of the Moroccan Mus'haf, in which the features of the manuscripts and Mus'hafs in the Islamic West are clear, Through the study of this Mus'haf, the Moroccan manuscript industry will be shed light on since its inception, following the stages of its development and monitoring its most important features.The Mus'haf under study is kept at the Abi Mohamed El Marjani Mosque in Tunis. This mosque was established during the reign of Sultan Abi Hafs Omar (683--694 AH / 1284-1294 AD) by Sheikh Abi Muhammad al-Marjani. Today, the Mus'haf is in an acceptable state of memorization - except that some of its papers were partially damaged - as it keeps all of its original pages and books, and it belongs to the pattern of the Mus'haf. The pages of the Mus'haf were written in extended Moroccan calligraphy, as well as the conclusion page, which contains the name of the calligrapher and the commander of writing the Mus'haf, and the history of the void of his writing in the Maghribic script (Fassi script). The pages of the Mus'haf were written in black ink, except for the titles of the fence and their data, and they were written in golden ink. The conclusion page also wrote a dark red supply.

Nowdays the polymer notes became a strong substitute for paper notes, as many countries issued their currency using polymer because of their advantages over paper . The importance of this research is to explain the possibility of using polymer instead of paper in Egyptian currency, by examining the technical appropriateness with the same equipments of the banknote printing plant in central bank of Egypt. One of the most important results of this research is that the polymeric currency represented in five Canadian dollars (first sample) had significant endurance properties than the paper currency represented in Egyptian twenty pounds (Second sample), this results were achieved by comparing the endurance properties of the two materials after laboratory tests done. Also, the production process of polymer note printing is the same as the production process of paper note printing. The research recommends to print polymer currency in Egypt, due to the suitability of its operational properties and end-use, in addition the circulation life of polymer note is more than two and half times the circulation life of paper note.

This research is aiming to create fashion designs according to fashion trends and suitable to young people from 20 : 30 years Inspired by the art of Ebru as an Islamic Ottoman art practiced by Muslim Ottoman artists ; to show how they used this art to serve another Islamic crafts like bookbinding, calligraphy and painting. The Ottoman artists of Ebru are generally do not sign their works especially when it is used in bookbinding, this tendency; in addition to the fact that the cover of a manuscript may be replaced in later time; made dating the Ottoman Ebru works a challenge. In order to solve this problem, I made an analytical study of the objects I obtained; I studied the Art of Ebru historical and how it works by making paintings similar to the art of the Ebru and applied to several materials like paper , different fabrics and Perform some experimental tests , and through those paintings have been made fashion designs using natural elements to implementation of fashion designs characterized by the vitality and spirit of the Ebru in terms of color and decorative areas achieved the aesthetic And functional values of "Ebru" art.

The Far East Land Property Credit Company (Crédit foncier d’Extrême-Orient cfeo) is a Franco-Belgian company that specializes in mortgages and infrastructure financing and modern technology, but also in the construction and maintenance of buildings. From 1907 to 1959, about thirty mainly Belgian and French architects worked for this company in China, Hong Kong and Singapore. After introducing problems and issues relating to the archives of Belgian companies in general and Belgian companies in China more specifically, the article will present an outline of the history of the cfeo and its archives before lingering on specific architect’s firms, architects, projects and constructions. In addition to the archives of the company’s headquarters in Brussels, additional collections (architects, clients, municipal) and monumental sources (considered to be patrimony more or less) are considered. The potential and limits of the cfeo archives for the architectural historian serve as a guiding line for a critical approach.

External and internal architecture is distinguished from all arts in that it deals with the basic three dimensions "length, width, and height" as well as the fourth dimension, which is time. In the art of photography, for example, man deals with two dimensions in addition to the dimension of time, but the person remains outside all these works, looking at and watching them. As for architecture, it represents a huge structural sculptural piece that a person approaches, enters, and walks in enjoying, examining it at all levels in a chronological sequence and within a certain schematic scale. The design thought shows the possibility of implementing paper folding designs with alternative industrial materials, such as: paper, cardboard, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, fabrics, and natural materials, such as: leather, copper, aluminum, plywood, which led to an expansion Scope of using paper folding technology to form larger, thicker and more intense models. The design process relied on this approach, which was represented in achieving the values of the creative thought of interior design derived from the folding technique, and how to deal with interior design vocabulary dynamically so that it was possible to solve interior design problems inspired by the art of folding through a global perspective consistent with the principles of contemporary thought. Spectral process means the physics of adaptation in the theory of chaos or disasters, while in architecture, the concept of folding expresses a technique of origami art, which is the process of bending one layer upon another layer, and while the folding process appears as if in its content a process of repetition of the form, it is theoretically considered a subjective process As it does not delete or add any elements that make up the shape, and it is considered a precise process that addresses one of the most quality characteristics of the shape, which is the transition from one dimension to another (the second dimension to the third dimension), and it is also a process that involves changes that expand the geometric qualities of the element while maintaining with its topology.

This paper focuses on the issue of the circular economy in the context of SDG-11 Sustainable Cities & Communities as one of the main goals of today's society. Introducing smart cities, considering the sustainability challenges that cities will face shortly and the recent technological developments that will enable them to become "smart". Under the general context of sustainable development, the circular economy is becoming an important part of providing resources to future generations, based on intra-generational and inter-generational solidarity. A smart city can be understood as a sustainable city, a city that performs well economically, administratively, environmentally, and housing-wise. This paper aims to identify some important measures that are recommended to advance this vision. It also aims to highlight the potential social and economic benefits and challenges of urban circular development; it also supplies initial evidence of the synergistic benefits created through combining the design and economic development and linking the two approaches together rather than applying them separately.

This paper deals with studying a rare dirham in the name of Ya’la b. Ahmed Al-Yafirny. As this dirham has never been studied before and its being studied for the first time through this paper. This dirham has not bearing date or mint, Ya’la bin Ahmed is one of the men of the Banu Ifran tribe, Banu Ifran an important tribe of Berber dynasty,which is one of the Zenata tribal complex that settled in Morocco and Algeria.That tribe appeared on the scene of events before Islam until the middle of the fifth century AH / eleventh century AD. It is one of the most powerful barbarian tribes that occupied a great position in the Morocco during the Middle Ages, and the tribe of Banu Ifran is attributed to Ifran b. Yaslatin b. Misra b. Zakia b. Warsik b. Al-Dirt b. Jana b. Zenata, and their homeland was initially in Ifriqiya and then spread to many other regions Like the area between Tlemcen and Tiaret, and a large part of them stayed in AL- Andalus. The study of this dirham is very importance, represented in foccus on that historical era of the history of Muslims in North Africa, as well as identifying the relationship of Prince Ya’la b. Ahmed al-Yafirny with the Fatimid Caliphate and the extent of his loyalty to them, and an analytical study of the content of the writings recorded on it, in order to identify some important historical aspects that can only be reached through coinage, to be a new addition to the Islamic coinage that was struck in North Africa, specifically in Morocco.

Architectural identity reflects the features of a country's people, society, and environment. Recently, Countries' unique architectural identities have been faded due to globalization, making it difficult to determine each country's regional and local identities. One of the significant architectural elements which characterize the Arab heritage urbanism is the courtyard residence. It is the most important element that characterizes the heart of all the Islamic-Arab houses. The building design usually begins from the courtyard it had been used by Arabs and Muslims in architecture for its compatibility within the environmental, cultural, and social requirements. In traditional residences, Courtyard was considered the focal point of the house, it had functioned as the essential ventilation and daylight for the adjacent built-up spaces. Despite there have been different studies of historical, social, cultural, and environmental aspects of courtyard architecture, but there was not much focusing on its spatial impact. In most traditional Cairene houses, the courtyard was used not only to obtain privacy, which in Arab society is a requirement but also to improve the thermal comfort inside a residence. This paper investigates the climatic and social benefits of the courtyard houses and studies the courtyard’s effect as a natural design technique and a microclimate adjustor in a hot arid climate. The paper is illustrating spatial locations, composition, and thermal performance of courtyards, in addition, it analyses the contemporary courtyards house application in the hot-arid regions. Two selected case studies were chosen to be discussed in accordance with the theoretical studies. Finally, the paper proposing a guideline in design process to improve a courtyard's thermal performance.

Islamic Architecture is characterized by its richness in many elements that were used in both architectural and decorative aspects such as the arches that were not innovations of Muslim architect, but were found in the buildings of the ancient civilizations and were inherited after that in Islamic architecture. The Muslim architect developed the arches in his buildings and presented them in new shapes. Among the various shapes of arches that appeared in Islamic architecture a formation that is composed of the overlapping of these arches with each other. What increased the importance of this formation is that the Muslim architect adapted it to have an architectural role beside their decorative aspects. The purpose of this paper is to study the usage of overlapping arches as a decorative and architectural element in Islamic architecture. The study looked into the origins of this element by investigating its earliest examples in ancient civilizations to determine how it emerged in Islamic architecture. Furthermore, the study traced back the initial attempts in Islamic architecture to use this element in both decorative and architectural roles, along with an assumption that its usage as architectural element is entrenched in Islamic architecture, as well as the arguments that support this assumption. Further to that, the research clarified the numerous shapes of overlapping arches used as decorative motifs in Islamic architecture and backed these shapes with examples to illustrate each of them. In addition, the paper also identified the cases where overlapping arches performed an architectural role in Islamic architecture. Finally, the paper clarified how the use of overlapping arches both as a decorative and architectural element moved to European architecture as an influence of Islamic architecture.

Take a search, Interior design elements and its impact on thermal modification, this paper introduces to us the concept of Re-Adapt as a tool of hope that may lead us to a sustainable future. And it reviews the importance of looking to nature to find a path for a sustainable future which is the main idea that bio mimicry inviting us to embrace. Also illustrates what is meant by bio mimicry and its different descriptions and definitions, and the difference between it and the other terms that share the same idea. By discussing the idea of using thermal simulation by using interior design elements. The problem of the research is to study the elements of interior design and their impact on thermal modification, and to elicit how to achieve compatibility and suitable with the environment. Hence this research paper. The research problem is limited to the following points: The designer's lack of interest in the environmental dimension and the importance of preserving energy and natural resources when creating housing designs. Not using clean, renewable natural energy. This results in environmental and health risks and problems due to the emission of harmful gases as a result of global warming, buildings become the enemy of the environment instead of being friendly to it. Ignoring the role of the designer in how to harmonize between interior design and environmental localization in residential spaces. Thermal mass perform the same function performed by the solar batteries in non-self-heating system (solar electricity system active solar system) both stores solar energy for re-use when needed. Thermal mass incorporated into domestic vacuum in several forms: 1-Internal floors covered with finishing material that the capability of storing solar energy (such as cement - brick - wood processing) flooring. 2- The Trombe walls or walls of a water pipeline, Thermal mass elements, which include floors and walls is one of the key elements in the solar house of self-absorption and heat storage materials.

Covid19 pandemic gives social distance great concerns in contemporary cities especially the one related to safe urban mobility. People were asked to choose travel modes that maintain safe social distance to minimize the chance of infection while traveling safely from place to another. Accordingly, urban mobility witnessed a paradigm shift from the first sustainable urban mobility paradigm that found efficiency in mass transportation and minimizing the need for extended private motorized mobility inside cities, to the new safe urban mobility paradigm that strive for reducing the face-to-face contact by encouraging single ride mobility. Accordingly, Planners are required to shift to the new paradigm of urban mobility, and scholars are required to question health safety of the new paradigm of urban mobility at the same time to question its sustainability. The research aims to compare adopted movement behaviour across different neighbourhood models including purpose of mobility, mode choices, trip distance, and trip frequency. The paper reports, based on empirical findings, to three conclusions. Firstly, covid19 caused different levels of coping movement behavioural change across different types of neighbourhoods. Secondly, the paper observed coping ideas of reducing unnecessary trips, displace mobility from public to private modes, distribution of trips to different times of the day, providing safe walkway for keeping social distance and encouraging walkability and cyclability. Finally, the paper deduced different design guidelines for urban form design that facilitate such coping urban mobility strategies and at the same time achieve sustainability including soft mixed use, soft density, and grid street patterns to facilitate coping of safe and sustainable urban mobility.

Graphic design plays the role of reflecting cultural, geographic, and social identities, which is characterized by sustainable progress. This serves the overarching purpose of the design; keeping pace with the intellectual and technological progress, which as a result necessitates adapting tourism awareness campaigns so that they encourage viewers to physically arrive at the showcased scenes thereby easing the spread of information and also easing the decision to go on a variety of tourist trips. This paper showcases the importance of photography and incorporating it into the design of tourism posters in specific, but also how the importance of promoting specific sites and artifacts at mobile exhibitions outside of Egypt helps identify tourist regions in Egypt to targeted audiences such that an overall awareness of the region's sites and its cultural, recreational, and medicinal activities are promoted. This exhibition represents the first phase of identifying the Siwa Oasis region as one of the most important oasis regions in Egypt for its unique nature and subcultures. Under the title of Exploring Egypt, this exhibition intends to rotate to different cities and to incorporate visual representations of other tourist attractions across Egypt, with its first stop having taken place at Algonquin College in Ottawa, Canada. This paper displays the exhibited works while presenting some of the feedback received alongside an analysis of this feedback to assess the impact of the works on raising awareness of the Siwa Oasis region and on encouraging attendees to visit the region and participate in activities. Key Words: digital photography, cultural tourism, tourism posters, visual representations, social identity, geographic identity, tourism awareness, sustainable progress.

There are many sources that architects rely on as an intellectual impetus for their inspiration in architecture concepts and projects design. One of the most influential sources is the metaphysical legacies of previous civilizations and religions that shape ideas and conscience and influence the conception of the architecture design ideas. This paper aims to discuss the impact of the metaphysical content of the Jewish religion on the architecture of the Jewish Museum in Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that studies the primary principles of the world. Its branches are based on ontology, which studies the nature and levels of existence, cosmology, which studies the universe and its components, and theology, which studies the existence and nature of God. Metaphysics is linked to the collective memory of peoples through religions, belief systems, stories, and sacred legends. It often tells a reality or a fantasy from which man derives his visions and perceptions of the (absolute) God, the universe and existence that form his cultural background and metaphysical motives. In order to monitor the impact of metaphysics and its branches as an intellectual impulse in the formation of the architecture of the Jewish Museum in Berlin. The paper will follow an analytical methodology to study the expressive and figurative vocabulary of the museum, based on semiology, which depends on the translation of physical forms and symbols, as well as on the philosophy of interpretation to extrapolate the impact and the reflection of the metaphysics of Judaism on vocabulary and the form of the building. This paper will adopt Ferdinand de Saussure's model of differentiation which has two basic principles: (1) that linguistic evolution occurs through successive changes made to specific linguistic elements; and (2) that these changes each belong to a specific area, which they affect either wholly or partially. Ferdinand De Saussure called Semiology a Theory of Signs. What he meant by the word "Signs" is anything that refers to something indirectly or is a reminder of it. That could be through reading text, gesture, form, photo, or a building. "Sign is something, anything, which "Stands for" or reminds us of something else".

Journey and movement around the Arabian Peninsula were a trait for the Arabs, depending on the extent of economic prosperity in that region, whether with regard to agriculture or grazing and trade areas. It also happened in the case of the Ma’rib Dam and the exodus of Arab tribes from it towards the rest of the Arabian Peninsula. On the other hand, Arab migrations came out that settled on the eastern and western coasts of the Arabian Gulf for sometimes economic and sometimes political goals.Objective of the paper: The research paper seeks to identify the most important areas in which the Arabs settled on the eastern coast of the Arabian Gulf, as well as the most important tribes that settled there and the impact of that on the areas of trade, as well as the movement of conquests that began in the first Hijri century.Study Methodology: The descriptive analytical method will be used, which aims to study and describe the population and regions, as well as describing migrations and their impact on the cultural aspects.The study is divided into three axes:The first axis: the stability of the Arabs on the eastern bank of the Gulf (causes and results) The topic deals with the conditions and factors that contributed to the migration of Arabs and their spread on the eastern banks of the Gulf.The second axis: the areas in which the Arabs settled on the eastern coast of the Arabian Gulf. The topic presents the most important areas in which the Arabs settled, whether on the eastern coast or towards the interior, and the most important areas in which they inhabited.The third axis: The commercial role of the Arabs on the eastern coast of the Gulf. The topic indicates that the Arabs are a nation with civilization, and therefore they contributed to the various aspects of civilization, starting with trade and then spreading Islam. Their presence in those areas contributed to creating conditions for the Islamic armies heading east.the expected results:The research seeks to reveal the impact of those migrations on the aspects of civilization, and therefore it is expected that the research will reveal many Arab tribes that migrated and lived there. From the Arabs, the research is also expected to present the centers founded by Muslims from which the conquests were launched and then turned into civilized regions.

A picture is worth a thousand words, but the right metaphor is worthy of a thousand pictures. As pictures are the main design element in the advertising message, Whenever it comes to Advertising, “Creativity” is the most important aspect to be looked upon. That magical force is the foundation upon which the advertising business is built. Advertisers all over the world are continually working on eye-catching visual elements to implement to grab the attention and appeal to the largest audience possible. In 2020, Covid19 pandemic has shocked the world, it led it to go through a phenomenal transmission, many countries in lockdown. Advertising messages across the world reoriented their messages, adapted their adverts to the concepts of staying home and keeping a social distance. The key-visual is the hero image among other design elements. Metaphorical thinking is a creative thinking technique using metaphors to create concepts & ideas . This paper attempts to explore& understand the skillful application of Metaphorical thinking techniques to create eye catching key visuals during the Covid 19 pandemic.This paper discusses the concept of Key-visual & Metaphorical thinking and how could it be utilized as a creative approach in key-visual design. It looks closely at selected samples of the most inspiring creative adverts around the world, where key-visual designs were based on Metaphorical thinking creative techniques.Finding that thinking with metaphors aid in solving design problems, crafting a successful visual metaphor is done through pinpointing two or more key traits behind an idea, then combine forms that symbolize these traits. Traits can be physical ,conceptual or through using just words.Metaphors are not only literary strategies, but also strategies for thinking to solve design problems resourcefully. Thinking with metaphors creates unusual key visuals in the audience’s minds , they reshape and apprise common mental images of many issues. When we use well crafted key visuals using metaphorical thinking we can amplify the adverts impact on the target audience.Keywords: Key- visual, Metaphorical Thinking, Pandemic Advertising, Covid-19

Abstract:The performing arts are not just an art form, creative practice, or method of representation, as they are increasingly seen as a vital medium for embodied research and as an analytical framework. The performing arts have a long and significant history of creative engagement with public issues and continue to play an influential role in the development and transmission of ideas, attitudes, and calls to action regarding pressing issues.Art has a rich history of reflecting on and influencing social change. This paper examines the potentials of the performing arts in the twenty-first century for sustainable development, in which the artist may play a major role through “cultural sustainability”. The paper explores the potentially effective role of the performing arts in redirecting behavior and establishing social norms that are sorely lacking today, where active culture and sustainable development go hand in hand. Research problem: The research problem is to answer the following questions:- What is meant by cultural sustainability? And how can it contribute to achieving sustainable development?- How can the performing arts contribute to achieving sustainability as a process of societal change, through reflexive practices?- Can sustainability be present and relevant in the performing arts?Research objectives: The objectives of the research are to study the role of culture and arts in changing societies, in integration with sociology. The research also aims to show the potential role of the performing arts in achieving sustainability through creative practices; where "sustainable development" is a comprehensive concept that revolves around reconciling (social justice) and (environmental safety); to achieve the well-being of all life systems on the planet.Research Methodology: Through the descriptive-analytical approach, the research deals with the concept of sustainable development and its relationship to culture, and how the performing arts can act as catalysts for sustainable development in the stage of reflexive modernity. Through the case study approach, the research presents applied contemporary models of the performing arts for sustainability, where artistic interventions in society can work to change social structures.Keywords: sustainable development - culture - performing arts - reflexivity - ecological theater.

There is an increasing demand for sustainable, and dignified housing in the building and construction sector, particularly in developing countries with limited resources, growing energy consumption, population, and CO2 emissions. Therefore, the adoption of digital design, construction, and innovation technology is vital; one of these technologies is 3D printing (3Dp), which has become a recently essential and powerful technology in the construction industry. As such, 3Dp has advantages and potentials over traditional housebuilding in that it can use robotics, software, and advanced materials. The paper investigates the Potentials and limitations of 3DP adoption on digital design and Construction housing projects. Moreover, review and analysis of 3D Printed Houses for evaluation of their performance and future usage capabilities. The study concludes that 3DP technology appears to be a promising alternative to enhance design and construction process performance, address various aspects of advanced materials, affordability, and sustainability, including social and economic aspects. The paper's objectives started with investigating 3Dp adoption in AEC by highlighting the advantages and potentials of 3Dp for sustainable housing. Furthermore, the challenges of 3Dp in Architecture and Construction are discussed. The research methods mainly depended on three sections as follows:• A literature review explain the Potentials and limitations of 3DP adoption on digital design and Construction housing projects.• The analysis of 4 case studies for 3D printed houses built in the construction field between 2018 and 2020. Each project presents significant practical application of 3d printing methods, developed materials, designs, environmental solutions, methods to reduce resources, innovated solutions to get sustainable housing.• The SWOT analysis of 3D printing technology, which highlights the technology's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It is emphasized that doing a SWOT analysis of 3D printing using various methodologies is beneficial for evaluating and highlighting its practical capabilities.

The paper introduces new archival documents concerning the Palazzo del Governo in Novara, attributed to Pellegrino Tibaldi, and not ignored by the literature. The newly discovered documents clarify the first building phase of the palace, identify Cesare Casati count of Conturbia as the patron, 1571 as the date when the building was started, the suppliers of bricks and carved stones, Giovanni Antonio Piotti as the designer and contractor. The palace had already been investigated in its changes after 18th century, whilst the analysis of unpublished descriptions allows to better understand the original structure, verified on the geometrical survey. The paper contains several reflections on the use of printed sources and on the kind of professionalism in a time, when the distinction between builders and architects was not yet perfectly carried out. The contribution comes to be added to other studies, which better defined Tibaldi’s catalogue, giving back to Piotti a number of buildings, such as Palazzo Gallio in Gravedona, the Villa Pliniana in Torno, the church of S. Croce in Riva S. Vitale; furthermore, the paper opens some new hypotheses on the strategies of patronage and architectural production in Lombardy in the age of Philip II.

The essay focuses on the results of the strategy “Attrattività dei borghi storici” (Historical small centres attractiveness), funded by the Italian Ministry of Culture (MiC) within the resources allocated by the European Parliament (Next Generation Europe program) for the National Plans for Recovery and Resilience of the member states (PNRR). The essay presents the first, mainly quantitative results of the initiative which, even if the experience is still ongoing, offers the opportunity to reflect on the new tendencies in Europe towards the policies for social cohesion and social inequalities decrease. As it is well-known, these policies have the main purpose of rescuing inner territories at risk of abandonment looking at them as important reservoir of resources to be revived rather than “places to be saved”. After a general framework of the topic in the first part, the essay then analyses the results of the so-called “Bando Borghi” whose main characteristics are synthetically described in the second part of the paper. In particular, in the essay the results of the socalled “Linea B”, addressed to the small towns with less than 5000 inhabitants, are examined. The analyses is based on the quality of the project that were presented, but also on three parameters: the participation, the resources allocation, and the distribution of the selected projects in the national territory. Some final reflections about the initiatives conclude the paper.

Abstract:Mosque is the heart of the Islamic architecture. Since the dawn of Islam until now, mosques are still considered one of the most important places and facilities for Muslims. Muslims gather for prayer in the mosque five times a day, where mosque serves not only for worshiping, but also as a meeting point for Islamic social and intellectual activities that usually reflect religious identity.Indeed, Muslims are doing all their best to preserve and maintain their mosques as an overarching privilege that enhances their religious, social and cultural interactions. Despite the unlimited number of mosques all over the world and the noticeable increasing interest in developing their architectural, structural, fundamental elements, there is a less interest in developing, modernizing and updating the mosque furniture and its accessories.Accordingly, this research paper mainly focuses on clarifying the importance of developing these furniture and accessories that meet the physical and psychological requirements of the mosque visitors (worshipers) as these items and accessories enhance and improve worshipers’ experience inside mosques. In a sequential manner, the paper brief the evolving role of the mosque (from ancient times until today), and then explains its value as an Islamic architectural beacon. The paper goes into depth in diagnosing and discussing significant needs for updating mosque furniture and accessories, by highlighting weakness or shedding light on what is not available. In this context, the researcher present and discuss many contemporary design paths for mosque furniture, in addition to clarifying many different ideas for accessories by presenting drawings and details of many design ideas for contemporary mosque furniture (Footwear shelving system, locker system, chairs …). Moreover, it highlighting some contemporary ideas for various accessories, such as: The Holy Quran reading holder and the central chandeliers in the mosque.Keywords:Mosque, Islamic architecture, design, mosque furniture, mosque accessories.

This paper explores The aspects of public life accompanying the Islamic community during the mid-20th century by studying some tombstones Models and how they relate to the accounts of contemporary historical records. This dealt with study and publication of some tombstones Models from Kirklar Cemetery and how to identify their written content and decorative elements, then turns to indicate symbolic, functional and formal Significancs.This paper also accompanies the reuse of tombstones located in Islamic cemeteries and their exploitation in re-history, followed by the study of the epigraphic inscriptions and decorative elements and their identification of their importance, symbolic connotations, religious purpose, and social role on the tombstones and keeping pace with the period of Russian annexation in the East Caucasus to the Federation. This study is divided into two parts: the descriptive study of (4) tombstones models. Analytical study of the general style compared to the early Islamic and in the middle Ages, with an exploration of artistic treatments, and the formation of artistic analysis of written elements and decorative contents, in addition to identifying the symbolic significance of the use of decorations, slogans and colors in revealing the aspects surrounding the Islamic society in the East Caucasus at the time. Then followed by a study of Arabic calligraphy development’s, letter‘s shapes, then create a historical record of the names, titles and nicknames and using them in classifying the general features of the tombstone models of in that period with some examples of illustrations and manual shape dumps,The search is appended with a conclusion with the most important results

The offset printing press is widely used in commercial printing companies. The quantity of paper wasted in sheet-fed offset printing is a significant parameter affecting the cost of printed product. The main sources of paper waste are: paper used in machine setup, paper wasted during press running length, over production and printed paper rejected due to quality control. This paper focuses on studying two quality characteristics to reduce printed paper rejected. These quality characteristics are: color variation and color mis-registration. Color variation is gauged by variation in ink transfer of the four printing colors: Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow (Y) and Black (K), which are governed by color difference ΔE.In this study, color variation is measured as a multi response while color mis-registration is measured as attribute data. The paper presents a study which examines the effect of three process parameters: paper category, batch size and human intervention on investigated quality characteristics of printed product on sheet-fed offset press. The spectrophotometer was employed to measure the color difference ΔE. A full factorial design of experiments was generated with sixteen runs for the above three process parameters with mixed levels. The experimental data was analysed using signal to noise (S/N) ratio, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and main plots to evaluate the factors and their interactions, and to determine the optimal factor level which delivers quality print with minimum paper waste and consequently reduce cost. It is found that the optimal factor level is paper of category 2 printed in small batches and with human intervention. Further, the results of ANOVA reveal that the paper category is the most significant factor affecting paper waste as well as batch size and the intervention between paper category and batch size.

This paper claims that there are three main factors in shaping architecture, and that each of them has an impact on an architectural trend or a particular architectural movement. These three factors are (Naturalism - Mechanism - Expressionism), which arises as a result of modern scientific and philosophical theories. This paper aims to search for the reasons for the change and formation of architecture, as this research paper sees that physical factors are not the only factors that govern the formulation and formation of architecture. Therefore, the main idea of this thesis depends on the fact that modern scientific theories and the change in ideas and philosophies are one of the most important factors influencing the formation of architecture, which moves and develops in parallel paths with science and the change in paradigms. This paper also claims that modern scientific theories and philosophies create new terms (natural - mechanical - expressive) which are an influential factor in shaping architectural trends.According to this hypothesis, the research will track contemporary architectural trends from the beginning of the twentieth century until now, in order to monitor and study the impact of these factors on the formulation and formation of contemporary architecture, and the classification of these architectural movements and trends because of their impact on these factors. The research will also attempt to prove this hypothesis by monitoring and analyzing these architectural movements and identifying the distinctive features of each of them, in order to determine the active and influencing factor in the formulation and formation of a particular architectural movement. In addition, this research will monitor comprehensive changes in architecture through a historical and inductive study to explore and classify architectural trends during a specific time period. Finally, the study concluded that these three factors are the main factors affecting the formulation and formation of different architectural styles and trends. Additionally, these three factors are combined in shaping and forming sustainable architecture, which mean that sustainable architecture is the climax of this combination.

The spread of Covid-19 worldwide has caused significant changes in all fields. Many businesses had to stop operating with their business-as-usual norms and transferred their employees to an online mode. The design of the workplace had to evolve to accommodate those changes. Many firms and offices have reverted to unusual measures to operate and to also maintain the required safety for their employees. This research investigates the impact of COVID-19 on the office space design, with special focus on the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research engages stakeholders through surveys & analysis to reflect the different approaches and measures taken by firms and office-owners in order to guarantee a safe return to their employees to the office, and in order to generate the required lessons learned. The paper adopts both a qualitative and quantitative methodology. The quantitative part of the study provides primary data related to the workspace environment, assessing its post status and highlighting the modifications made in order to comply with the new norms and requirements. On the other hand, the quantitative part of the study offers an in-depth study involving tailored interviews with business owners, in order to reflect on different adopted approaches and to create a better understanding of the post COVID emerging requirements. From the data analysis, the paper concludes with lessons learned that would improve the office workspace design, and to provide employees with a better and healthier working environment that can sustain any similar arousing situation and make the office design more efficient in the long run.

AbstractDeveloping paint products that help save the environment and address climate change started several years ago, but people who are exposed to toxic air pollutants at sufficient concentrations indoor and outdoor, for long durations, may increase their chances of getting cancer or experiencing other serious health effects, such as reproductive problems, birth defects, and aggravated asthma.There are many types of coatings that purify the atmosphere, whether indoor or outdoor. These coatings can be used in advertising industry, especially external advertising and graphic ads. It is also a technology not used in Egypt and its optimal use will provide fresh air and better life, reduce allergic chest diseases, and help purify the air and breathe cleaner air.This paper aims to clarify the impact of air purification by heterogeneous photocatalysis (ultrafine titanium dioxide or nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles of with diameters less than 100 nm) coated on advertising outdoor materials and painted on street walls in Egyptian industrial cities. Coating outdoor advertisements with TiO2 is an advanced surface coating technology designed to self-clean the surface, remove air and water contaminates, suppression of microbial growth, degrading hazardous organic pollutants into harmless substance.This paper also seeks to contribute in reducing air pollution rates by using advertising as an intermediary to realize the fastest results in the shortest time. Producing safe and healthy living environment is what this paper hopes to achieve in Egypt in a short period of time by help applying these coatings to industrial cities. The effect of using titanium dioxide nanoparticles, identification of its applications, usage on advertising materials and its impact on environment were studied.Some examples have been discussed and illustrated about using titanium dioxide in advertising and street paintings in air purification beside the statistical method used in analyzing the questionnaire presented to individuals. This paper follows the descriptive approach in collecting theoretical information related to Titanium dioxide and its role in converting outdoor advertisements to giant air purifying advertising systems, followed by presenting some international advertising models that used purifying titanium dioxide in ad painting.

The current paper concerns events related to the design of the Pontevico and Verolanuova churches, which were started during the last decades of the 16th century. The fiefs, located in the area today known as Bassa Bresciana, were under the jurisdiction of the Gambara family, who were feudal lords with extensive properties in the areas between Brescia and Cremona. Recent archival research attests the contribution of architect Giuseppe Dattaro from Cremona in both church projects and confirms contacts between Giuseppe Dattaro and Nicolò Gambara. Dattaro applied innovative solutions for the religious architectural context of Brescia: in such contests, he experimented with the design of elliptical domes and developed interesting design solutions to integrate collegiate church space, especially in the Verolanuova site, also paying attention to musical and choir needs. Thanks to the Gambara family patronage, also in the architectural design of Pontevico and Verolanuova churchs, Dattaro refined his technical skills before arriving in Mantua to work for Vincenzo I Gonzaga (1590-1595). Through analysis of these two architectural examples, the paper aims to recognize the role of Brescia in the architectural context of Northern Italy during the second half of the 16th century.

The paper focuses on an original aspect of the work of Georges Rohault de Fleury (1835-1904), who, from 1853 onwards, stayed in Pisa several times and for a long time to analyse medieval architecture and art, to which he dedicated about twenty years of work. The centrality of the theme of the ville turrifié and the tower-house emerge in the framework of the studies of the Tuscan monuments and especially of Pisa, which he investigates intending to reconstruct a city's history. In particular, the theme of civil architecture lends itself to reconstructive hypotheses since little seems to have remained of the original structures, which nevertheless emerge, at some points, from the plastered facades of the palaces, from which de Fleury elaborates conjectures and reliefs. The tower house, for de Fleury directly borrowed from the defensive structures, is the typology that distinguishes the diffused urban fabric of a real tower city like Pisa, which seems to have a remarkable reputation in building skill. The paper wants, therefore, to frame the work of Georges Rohault de Fleury in the broader context of studies on the rediscovery of the Middle Ages, concerning the close links with the French culture (not only de Fleury, but also Verdier and Cattois, Labruste, etc.), and the fallout on the restorationreinvention in its long period and the different declinations.

Many of our contemporary residential neighborhoods suffer from the absence of urban legislation that regulates the relationship of the local community with the built environment. In Riyadh, the grid urban texture predominates in residential neighborhoods in which services and urban activities are distributed according to population density standards, without a comprehensive analysis of the living requirements that meet the needs of the local community. As a result of population growth, Riyadh has expanded to meet the demand for housing and services away from the standards of urban quality. This paper aims to analyze the role of Form-Based Codes in improving the quality of life within the framework of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The paper used the case study of (Tilal Riyadh) in order to measure the compatibility of the built environment with community needs. The research concluded on the positive impact of applying Form-Based Codes on the built environment. The results of the analysis indicated that 84% of the respondents believe that separating pedestrian traffic from the mechanisms contributed to encouraging residents to walk. In addition, 91% of the respondents agree that the neighborhood planning system has increased the level of safety, and 83% of them believe that this system enhanced social relations. 96% of the respondents believe that the planning system of the neighborhood contributed to achieving the living requirements of the local community. Finally, the study recommends developing guidelines for real estate developers in line with considerations of quality of life in Saudi cities within the framework of Vision 2030.

As a result of keeping pace with the rapid and varied developments that entered the life of modern man in all its aspects, the means of expression and his oral and visual languages developed, among them the plastic arts in its various branches, such as drawing, photography and printmaking , and the development has realized the aesthetic visions in these arts and the means of expression used in their implementation, in addition to the raw materials. And the materials included in its structure, taking advantage of the results of the new vision for those raw materials and the great material capabilities that it provided to them. With this new technical data; The contemporary plastic artist is no longer satisfied with the traditional expressive methods and means, but has entered new fields in search of materials, materials and modern means capable of enriching the surface of his artistic work.The new technologies in artistic printing have provided many opportunities for artists to use what is called mixed printing techniques (Mixed Media). Artworks that are printed in the style of prominent, embossed, flat and porous printing appeared in the production of a single printed artwork. One of the most important techniques that the researcher used in this experiment is the idea of visual integration, which is the focus of the research.Therefore, the researcher believes that it is possible to take advantage of the new visual combination of materials as surfaces that combine many paper materials and the artistic edition, which can enable many innovative and unique treatments through the synthesis of the paper materials that make up a single artwork, which adds richness to the palette as a new approach.

Origami: It is (the art of folding paper), and the word is derived from the Japanese, where this art uses many techniques of paper folding, resulting in different shapes and designs, starting from flat shapes through to stereoscopic vacuum shapes and ending with complex shapes.Paper is a fragile material, but when its parts are cut and folded, it gives us a new product with different qualities in terms of durability of construction, shape and form, and because of these qualities he used cutting and folding paper to teach important lessons about the nature of construction in design education since 1925, which made that topic an important focus in Enrich the creative process of designing artwork. Therefore, the research was interested in shedding light on this method of art to find modern and fast methods of forming and placing design ideas within a methodology of thinking that the student adheres to in forming glass sculptural works for the architectural space, through: the use of paper slides (folding, bending and twisting), hollowing out in geometric shapes and shaping In it with the application of the processes of repetition and contrast..etc, and the study applied to a group of students for one group using those methods of forming to demonstrate the effect of origami art in enriching the creative process of designing glass sculpture for architecture.The research problem appeared in:● The need to enrich the students' creative process system in developing design ideas for designing glass sculpture works for the architectural space with modern and fast methods of modeling and forming prototypes.The research aimed to:Developing a proposed methodology for designing glass sculpture works for interior architecture by making use of the rules of origami art so that it can be used and applied to enrich the students' creative process system.The importance of the research:● Discovering modern and fast methods of building and forming educational models for designing glass sculpture for architecture.● enriching students' creative process in developing design ideas within the proposed scientific thinking methodology for designing glass sculpture for interior architecture by making use of the origami art rules.Force search:● By analyzing the methodology of building and forming origami art, we can benefit from it and apply it in designing prototypes to enrich the creative process of students in developing design ideas for some of the sculptural works of the architectural space.

Visual art is a unique field as it has a capability to educating the society in diversity perspectives. The two dimension and three-dimension art activities offer difference art experiences, artistic skills, creative impact and critical thinking as it requires different task and senses, during this activity especially children, Children’s consumer behavior is a field that has lately been given attention by marketing, psychology, sociology, and pedagogy. The reason is the understanding that a child is an important part that has an influence on family’s shopping. especially his interactions with the art and how can convert his beloved activity work to fashion design, so we choose in these research origami arts which is an art of paper folding, which is associated with Japanese culture. In modern usage, the word "origami" is used as an inclusive term for all folding practices, regardless of their culture of origin. The goal is to transform a flat square sheet of paper into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting technique without the usage of cuts, glue, or markings on the paper. This ancient art has drawn the attention of fashion designers for the beauty and originality of this art. Where Fashion designers are always looking for new trends and techniques that can be applied to clothing in general and children's wear in particular, Therefore, this research focuses on how to take advantage of some origami techniques that represent an ancient culture in two parts, namely, taking advantage of the artistic emotions of children in using origami as a beloved activity to their heart and employing their origami artwork to design clothes suitable for the age group 4-10 years. Where more than 20 origami shapes were implemented with colored paper by children, and their work was inspired by seven clothing designs for the same children. in addition to making a photo session with the children's origami work

Purpose – The paper aims to clarify that the Corona pandemic has shown us the negative effects of housing isolation on the current dwelling that inhabited by many people, as the current dwelling failed to manage the crisis, achieve needs, and accommodate the user for long periods, as well as It is necessary to reject these types of inhuman stores that are lacking the basic concepts of housing and the principles of Arab housing, which represents the Arab identity. Thus also require studying modern technologies and methods to develop the current dwelling to be able to resist periods of isolation. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology study includes three main objectives:* The first focus is to monitor and diagnose the negative effects (environmental, health, social and economic) on the current dwelling during housing isolation under the Corona pandemic.* The second focus is on the deductive approach from both the old Arab housing principles and modern technologies to find new methods so that the current dwelling could face emergency changes.* The third focus is the practical methodology for treating the current dwelling to face the negative effects of the Corona pandemic, reaching to the research findings and recommendations.Findings – The paper provides practical and analytical insights* The old Arab dwelling is one of the most important alternatives for treating the current dwelling because of its successful architectural vocabulary, climatic treatments, and spiritual values that make it highly able to adapt to changes.*It is necessary to reject those types of current dwellings, which have been turned into human stores that lack many basic of housing, cannot achieve human needs, and cannot accommodate users as long as possible during periods of home isolation.Social implications – Re-strengthening social ties between neighbors by adding some elements such as the horizontal and vertical courtyards, exploiting the roofs of residential buildings, and pouring some untapped common skylights floors to be used in many social and recreational activities.Originality/value – This paper Addressing a large population segment at the Arabic and foreign level, which is the medium social housing, who inhabits these units, which are less than 90 meters to find practical economic solutions commensurate with the possibilities of governments and the level of income of individuals to transfer their homes from human stores to human housing can resist the negative effects of the Corona pandemic.

TTraditional costumes are a cultural heritage that distinguishes one nation from another. Traditional clothing may disappear if it is not well-documented by means of scientific research. Therefore, this study documents a part of the traditional clothing of Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, namely the Meccan turban; a heritage head covering that characterized the region for a long period of time. The turban is also the oldest headwear among the Arabs (Al-Zailai, 2017). It was only worn by honorable gentlemen (Al-Omary, 2012). The Arab have also used it in times of war, where a turban of a folk leader would be used as a war flag, in a show of respect. Given its dignified stature, Arabs have considered the turban as a motto for themselves and their Arab identity. Taking pride of cultural and historical heritage, this paper has examined the Meccan turban in terms of its characteristics, types, and applied methods of decorations, with the aim to transfer current knowledge on traditional heritage of the Meccan turban to potential next generations of researchers, who would be interesting in studying the traditional heritage. In this paper, the Meccan turban, its various types and applied methods of decoration have been well-identified. This was later documented in a scientific manner, following the descriptive approach of the study, and using a qualitative method in collecting the required data. In-depth interviews with persons interested in the Meccan turban have been carried out. Several types of turbans on display in local archaeological museums have been examined, leading the researcher to compile an accurate description of the Meccan turban in the Saudi era, and identify its types and applied methods of decorations.

Nastaliq gain a respectable notice in Iran, Turkey, India including subcontinent, and Arab world (Egypt, Syria, and Baghdad). Starting from the very minimum size used in miniature paintings to Jali size applied on architecture. Nastaliq raised and used a lot in different manners because of its unique letter style; but at the same time there is still a hidden style representing the local Nastaliq related to the subcontinent region; this local style represents a new test which we can found in Lahore city at the second mid of 19c. . Although the small numbers of architecture founded in Lahore used Nastaliq inscriptions in Lahori style - for political reasons - but it deserves to be studied, and the calligrapher of this period be given credit for this new calligraphy style to recognize their work. Research problem:Nastaliq has a huge history; having started from Taliq calligraphy in Iran, developing from it to create a new shape in Iran also; then started to move around the world and through this movement of Nastaliq it spread in different styles and shapes. Thus, this paper will aim to reveal the Lahori Nastaliq style, which represented a new style from the original Nastaliq which spread in Afghanistan and Pakistan by the influence of India on the subcontinent region. This paper refer to the new style applied on architecture in Lahore, with comparative study with Nastaliq in Iran to distinguish the Iranian Nastaliq style and the local one on architecture during British colonization. Obviously what was written on this subject represent paragraph or two maximum, which led to undervaluing of the Lahori style as a real and effective style. So, I found myself attracted to study this style, and compare it with the original and the influenced one in India.Research objective:This paper aims to shed some light on a few of the differences between Lahori Nastaliq style on architecture, and the original base of Iranian Nastaliq style at the same period.Research methodology:This research will trace the Nastaliq style on architecture in Lahore at the mid and late of 19C., by tracing the calligrapher role on architecture and their work on Lahore, combined with a brief history of Nastaliq calligraphy styles, Lahore cultural, architecture and political history, additional to a comparative study with Iranian Nastaliq to reveal the difference between both styles.

Some documents face the problem of damage as a result of their short life span, and it is worth noting here that the global trend and also in the Arab Republic of Egypt recently is moving towards the use of polymers as an alternative to traditional paper materials in many important documents, and this corresponds to facing many challenges, including print quality when printing on Polymeric materials, and one of the most famous modern printing methods is liquid electro photographic technology such as Indigo printers, which combine the two traditional litho-offset printing methods in terms of using a rubber medium to transfer the image in printers and the electro photographic digital printing in terms of the mechanism of exposure to the image using the electrostatic image, so it is called digital offset printing. It was necessary to determine the most suitable polymeric materials used in the Arab Republic of Egypt to print on it using liquid electrophotography to obtain the required print quality (color measurement, density, point growth), and to achieve this goal, experiments were carried out using many polymeric materials on the HP Indigo 7800 printer, and results were reached. Experiments to that ores (special synthetics resin paper) SSRP, Poly art material does not accept liquid electro photographic printing, and it was the best print quality on Teslin polymers SP even though it was lower than the standard values of ISO 12647-2, although SYNAPS polymers OM gave good results in Some quality measurements, as there are no reference values for the quality measurements of polymer materials, and accordingly the researcher concluded that it is not recommended to print on materials (SSRP, Poly art) using liquid electrophotography, as it is not acceptable to print on it with this printing technique, and that the best material is when using The liquid electro photographic technique is Teslin polymers SP, as it was the most suitable polymeric material used in the Arab Republic of Egypt to print on it with this technology in terms of quality.

The development that took place beginnings of the twenty-first century, and the raising of the digital revolution, created a new thinking approach in the field of public spaces. The new opportunities brought by the revolutionary digital era have its own considerations in the processes of intellectual and design creativity. This provided technological and digital applications that were able also to establish an innovative and imaginative capability, which give the designers a completely new artistic tools, and creative conceptual approaches. The software and programming media for creative coding is considered one of the most important techniques used in artistic and entertainment works. The beginning of using programming and applications in the artistic field goes back to the fifties of the twentieth century. Creative coding is a type of artistic practice that aims to create art works through the computer, whereby the artists and designers, with the help of developers, write specific codes that produce artworks created through the computer, and these outputs include variables artistic elements; paintings, models, space processing works and all visual arts images, including new interactive arts and multimedia artworks. Therefore, the research paper urges designers to pay attention to these innovative techniques and capabilities underline this new approach. There are many programming media that can be used as platforms for creative coding, which include; the Cinder Library, Max Language Platform, Processing IDE Platform, and Arduino Platform. Each of these platforms has a set of distinctive characteristics that makes it mostly suitable for technical applications and specific programmatic & electronic type. The paper objectives are to emphasize that environmental designers should have to be familiar with modern methods, techniques and new digital trends in creating artistic works to present a contemporary and environmental designs in general and the installations in public spaces in particular. The research aims to prepare a methodology to take advantage of creative coding methods, techniques, and media in the environmental installations in public spaces. The research followed the deductive analytical method. The research concluded, through its analytical study, that it is necessary to follow specific methodology to achieve innovative design-works in public spaces. The paper presented a road map for designers and artist by suggested a set of standards which highlight the great advantage of using creative coding in public spaces installation.

This paper focused on the first imperial Mausoleum of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam, Emperor Gia Long (reigned 1802-20), which is one of the components of the World Heritage property [Complex of Hué Monuments]. The paper discussed the relationship between the Gia Long Mausoleum (after this GLM) and its territory from the aspects of "Shan-Shui design", "water management system suitable to tropical monsoon climate" and "symbiosis with local com- munities". This study also revealed that the current protected area is only a tiny part of the area that Gia Long planned by deciphering an old drawing which expresses the ideal worldview of Gia Long and an old map which shows the forbidden area in that era. These research findings contribute to expanding and deepening the OUV of GLM, which was not fully taken into account when the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1993 and provide a basis for establishing the appropriate protected area of GLM.

This paper is attempting to examine different criteria of evaluating animated films followed by viewing and selection committees, whether in academic programs, television channels or specialized film festivals. It is trying to present a criteria model to achieve objectivity and integrity in evaluating animation films.While there are many pages of film criticism featured in newspapers and magazines every day; as well as cinema-concerned Internet websites, one can easily note the tiny number of critics aimed towards animated films! Indeed, the art of animation was less fortunate than live action films in terms of criticism attention. Surprisingly, this fact is contradicting with the raising public interest in animated films and the number of festivals and TV channels dedicated today for such films.Taking into account the obvious absence of standardized criteria for evaluating films in general, and animated films in particular, this paper addressed film criticism in general as a background, keeping in mind the technical differences between a feature film and an animated one. Since animation is an authentic film art, which was established historically and technically before the filming of the live movement began in the late 19th century, the issue of evaluation and film criticism is naturally applied to the art of animation.Elements of animated films, such as script, directing, sound, editing, visual effects, etc. were all critically examined and appraised during the journey of this research work. The research also sought the opinions of specialists, trying to come up with an approach to address the issue of criticism and evaluation of animation films. The research outcomes are considered to be of great importance to those involved in the evaluation and selection processes of animated films as well as academics and public.

Although a modular design which is one of eco-fashion innovation well known in Europe since the eighties (1980s) and early nineties (1990s) of the twentieth century, it does not receive enough attention and is still not noticeable in the fashion design community in Egypt. So, the importance of this paper lies in identifying this design method, and to what extent it can be used to develop women's fashion design. Also, this research paper aims to add this design style to academic studies and design libraries, and make it familiar in Egypt's societal culture, through the use of one of the most important symbols of Egyptian identity taken from Islamic art which is: units of "Islamic Geometric Motifs" adopted in their construction to repeat one simple geometrical unit. The study searches in how to deal with the structural composition of Islamic decorative units based on a specific repeat pattern (horizontal, vertical, axial or circular). In this paper the modules are based on a group of a simple Islamic geometric shapes in which they pieced together via small slices in a variety of configuration, to create different structural forms liable to be interchangeable depending on assembly / disassembly manner. As a result of studying such motifs, the researcher can only assume that this study will help reflect the aesthetic values of Islamic geometric motifs and enables the Designer to edit and control its content freely to create unique designs that can be used for women's fashion using one color for age (30-40).

Although the buildings have many benefits, the construction industry represents a significant barrier to implementing strategic environmental plans. Specifically, in Egypt, as one of the developing countries, the building construction sector consumes around 40% of the global raw material extraction (World Resources Institute, 2015). Furthermore, the manufacturing industries and construction processes have 23% of all fuel combustion activities and have 22% of all GHG emissions according to the BIENNIAL update report (Ministry of Environment, 2018). This paper is a set of scientific papers that will be introduced to apply the integration methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) on a health clinic as a proposed building in Assiut University Hospital. The results have revealed that the significant harmful environmental impacts are respiratory inorganics, global warming potential, and non-renewable energy as the midpoint method and human health and resource depletion as an endpoint method. In particular, the GWP results of the steel, concrete, brick, and tiles are (3.4E5), (2.55E5), (9.67E4), and (4.31E4) kg 〖CO〗_2 equivalent, respectively, as a midpoint result. For the endpoint method, the weighting results showed that human health and resource depletion recorded the largest figures and the steel, concrete, brick, and tiles industries have massive environmental burdens. Additionally, the paper has summarised that there is an urgent need to introduce sustainable alternatives for building materials, mainly since these industries emit many of emissions such as 〖CO〗_2, P.M2.5, 〖SO〗_2 and C_2 H_4. Ultimately, the paper has introduced future recommendations for both proposed and existing buildings.

Many architecture schools do not apply experimental learning in teaching theoretical courses like the history of architecture courses. There is a gap between what the students learn in theoretical courses like architectural styles in history courses and design practices. History classes are taught with a teacher-oriented approach, where students miss active and experimental learning. As a result, in the Egyptian urban setting, we find buildings designed using architectural styles, mostly Classical designs, without respecting the technical, aesthetic, and human factors. Furthermore, nowadays, the Egyptian government is very active in constructing the new Administrative Capital of Egypt. The new city is located 45 kilometers East of Cairo, and it is planned to be Egypt's new business and financial center. The new Downtown of the new capital city, or "The new Garden City," is planned to reassemble Khedival Cairo's peculiar value buildings with the renaissance, neo-classic, eclectic, and neo-baroque styles. As architectural education cannot be separated from current architectural practices, this paper introduces the research project results in the course "History of Architecture-level two." The course was taught in the first semester of the academic year (2018-19) in Fine arts, Cairo, Helwan University, Egypt. The students were asked to select a heritage building with a peculiar value from Khedival Cairo, analyze it with the seven principles of design, and propose a design for a building's facades in the new Capital city Downtown.This paper aims to introduce the results of the students' work, analyzing their designs, and the effect of experimental learning in developing their intellectual skills. The paper includes the results of a designed questioner answered by the students to evaluate the research project and the link between the history of architecture, heritage, and architecture design. The paper shows the importance of applying experimental learning and linking theoretical and practical courses for achieving better architecture practice.

Design education is the most important and crucial stage in a designer's preparation. The design studio is also the starting point in the process of teaching design students how to deal with the issue of identity. The paper discusses the major academic objectives and methodologies that were employed to explore the potential of cultural and architectural heritage as a valid platform for design education. The paper explores cultural schema through cognitive aspects by applying an empirical study and identifying the opportunities and constraints. The wider goal is to expand the boundaries of interior design, highlighting the role of interior design education in preserving our diversified traditional culture and the continuity of the local identity through achieving an innovational design. Under the monitoring to the final year interior design students, the empirical study was part of the design studio course. The effects of integrate elements extracted or derived from local identity into modern designs in their graduation project process through cultural schema theory are examined. As a result, a conceptual framework for discussing educating towards local identity is created, model that highlights the gaining of clear knowledge of design. The framework describes how students interpret the cultural meaning through interior design by adapting cultural schema theory. This was achieved by the following methodology; literature review in three main topics (cognitive, cultural schema that is forced to change or accommodate new information and design education) was applied. Moreover, this paper follows an empirical study methodology with an in-depth analysis of the data.

Roman mines faced numerous problems that caused work to be discontinued and sites abandoned. One such problem is groundwater resulting from digging near rivers or sees or leakages from the top of the mine. The Romans initially tackled this problem using the primitive means – current since the earliest times – of digging canals to redirect the flow of groundwater and then raising it using buckets and ropes. Later they introduced mechanical machines like Archimedes’ screw, which they soon replaced with the more modern waterwheel. An Alexandrian invention dating from the Ptolemaic era, the waterwheel had spread across the Mediterranean where it was used for agricultural work until the Roman era when its design was developed for use in a variety of fields including mining. Hundreds of waterwheels were used to lift water out of Roman mines.This paper raises a number of questions regarding how the waterwheel was used in mines, how giant machinery was transported into the mine, what was the mechanism for operating them once they were inside, were they similar to agricultural waterwheels (which relied on either water pressure or human and/or animal power), and when and why the Romans started using them.In the absence of primary sources dealing with the topic, research relies on various theories proposed following excavations in which mines were discovered at various points in history. The writer outlines the history of these discoveries and undertakes a comparative study of the theories proposed in order to reach the most plausible explanation. The paper follows the following scheme:1-Introducing and describing the waterwheel as defined by the Roman engineer Vitruvius;2-Surveying the discoveries and presenting the theories that were proposed at the time they were made over the centuries; and3-Surveying modern discoveries and comparing them to older ones.

In this paper, we review an aspect of the life of one of the historical figures witnessed by the world in general, who had a role in Egypt and France and had a great influence on the social and political side, Queen “Eugenia De Monitto Coetzee”, Queen of France, who was born on May 5, 1826 in Spain in the Territory of Granada, studied in France and was fluent in the three languages Of Spanish and English and French, and was characterized by sharp intelligence and the intelligence that she was known for was one of the most beautiful and elegant women in the world. Some would have mentioned that she only wore shoes at any price only once, and for her beauty and intelligence, emperor Napoleon III admired her and married her in January 1853, stayed with him in the Tuileries Palace and had a major influence on political and social matters and her popularity among the French people increased and over time she was able to control matters of greater control over governance. We also review one side of one of the artifacts that Khedive Ismail gave to the Queen and we take in detail the masterpiece, which is represented in a pure gold perfume that Khedive Ismail gave to the Queen during her visit to Egypt, which is not the only one that has been dedicated to the Queen. But it is one of the most beautiful artifacts in form and implementation and this is what we discussed in this paper of a comprehensive descriptive study of the two artifacts with the history of the two artifacts and the event in which the gift was presented and that is also part of the life of Queen Eugenie, who owns the two masterpieces to get to know The extent of her political and social influence and to dive into her personality more than makes us a clear and comprehensive idea of the character of the Queen as well as the recognition of the masterpiece from the artistic and archaeological aspect and the influence of tourism And knowing the extent of the time period.

In today’s competitive retail environment, retailers struggle in order to increase their sales and to carry their brands to the wider masses. The best way to achieve this purpose is to consider the significance of visual merchandising. Ries (2012) asserts that aesthetics within the retail environment not only affect shopper comfort level but can influence employee morale and productivity. It helps the retailers constructing a strong and positive image for their store. V.M is the process through which a retail store’s display of products is made appealing, attractive, and enticing to the customer, not only as a stimulus to enter the store, but to create an impression in the customer’s mind. Van den Bosch, De Jong and Elving (2005) argue that visual messages in corporate communication benefit the organization in the visibility, distinctiveness, authenticity, transparency, and consistency of corporate identity. Thus, window displays with various visual messages of the corporation are assumed to have the responsibility of communicating corporate identity. Westcott Alessandri, (2001) argue that visual presentations can consistently bridge the corporate mission and corporate identity. Topalian, (1984) argue that VM supports effective corporate communication as it comes with the deep understanding within the company in terms of what the corporation is and what the corporation stands for. The purposes of the paper are to investigate the importance of visual merchandising as a mean of communication, and to analyse how visual merchandising communicates the corporate identity for the store. The significance of the paper to contribute towards understanding the persuasive effect of visual merchandising in making the first impression, representing and promoting the corporate identity. The major results of the paper are: V.M is a retail strategy that maximizes the aesthetics of a product with the intent to increase sales, the V.M remains an important channel of corporate marketing communication.