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The article focuses on prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21. It mentions the caregiver must give clear and objective information to pregnant women and couples, that can serve as a support for dialogue between the carer and the pregnant woman, between the carer and the couple and allow future parents to discuss and decide whether to commit or not in the screening process.

Abstract: In France, screening for toxoplasmosis is mandatory during pregnancy, whereas it is not performed in most other countries. The rationale for prenatal screening is to allow for several levels of intervention: primary prevention by health education; in case of seroconversion, prophylactic therapy; prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis; the possibility of termination of pregnancy (TOP) in case of severe cerebral lesions at ultrasound; in most cases of fetal infection, antiparasitic therapy prenatally as well as postnatally. The French Health Authority (Haute Autorité de santé [HAS]) called into question the screening policy, but maintained it for 5 years pending randomized clinical trials. Recent data is available to answer some of the questions, but not the place of prenatal therapy. The sensitivity of prenatal diagnosis has progressed, while the place of TOP has decreased. The incidence of toxoplasmosis in the French population has fallen. Some studies have shown evidence in favor of prenatal therapy for infected fetuses. However, studies of prophylactic therapy are disappointing. These studies are purely observational and concern mostly spiramycine. For the first time, a multicenter randomized clinical trial of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii is underway (the TOXOGEST study). The HAS guidelines are that any suspected toxoplasmosis seroconversion should be confirmed in a reference laboratory, and that patients should be referred to expert centers without delay. It is not recommeded to start therapy before such expert consultation. The reference centers should provide counseling and access to prenatal diagnosis and therapy options. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Coarctations of the aorta can be associated with severe neonatal consequences. Screening for and diagnosis of this prenatal malformation remain difficult. We review the various tools currently available to us, and their respective limits, to minimize the rate of false negatives and false positives associated with prenatal screening for this situation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate has been available for over 25 years. 3D ultrasound has significantly improved prenatal screening and perinatal care. Surface rendering of the fetal face is frequently asked by parents during exam and it has been shown to substantially improve parental-fetal bonding. However, little is known about the parental impact of surface ultrasound of the abnormal fetal face. We thus decided to assess parental feelings after 3D surface rendering of the fetal face in cleft lip and palate. Patient(s) and method: Between January 2003 and December 2006, a questionnaire was systematically proposed after birth to the parents who had 3D examination during pregnancy for lip and cleft palate. Analysis of results was performed retrospectively. Results: Twenty-three couples answered to inclusion criteria, 12 have been contacted, 9 responded. 3D ultrasound was not perceived as disturbing in 78% of parents. On the contrary 3D pictures had a positive effect and better prepare parents to birth. All of them even more considered that it should be systematically performed. Discussion and conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate is known to improve parental well-being during the perinatal period. Furthermore, in addition to improved diagnosis, 3D ultrasound also provides a better understanding and acceptance of the malformation than 2D examination. The parental impact of 3D ultrasound is positive supporting and strengthening a systematic use in isolated fetal lip and cleft palate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Combined screening for trisomy 21 (CS) is established since January 2010 in multidisciplinary centers for prenatal screening in Marseille. Our work investigates its implementation. To date, the false positive rate is 3.5% and the coverage of the SC after six months is 5.7% in our low-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ultrasonography has become an indispensable tool in prenatal care providing a throughout screening of the morphological abnormalities of the foetus. The examination of the upper limbs is now part of a routine screening checklist available in France since 2005. Recent progress in past years has focused on the early detection of reductional anomalies. As early as the first trimester scan, the three segments of the upper limb are apparent and transversal anomalies can be easily detected. Early diagnosis of malformations may lead to ethical considerations since women may request for medical termination of pregnancy. Apart from transversal anomalies of the limb which remain most of the time accidental, genetic syndromes may also lead to longitudinal reductions of the upper limb. In such cases, ultrasound may be helpful in genetic counselling by detecting other associate malformations. The search for associate malformations in favour of a genetic syndrome is therefore mandatory before referral to a prenatal consultation with the surgeon. Three-dimensional ultrasound and multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) are being increasingly used as additional procedures to improve diagnosis and long-term prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]