Search

La professionalització dels intèrprets en l’àmbit jurídic està guanyant importància a Espanya a causa de les directives de la Unió Europea sobre els drets processals de persones sospitoses o acusades d’algun delicte. A això s’hi ha d’afegir la prolongada crisi humanitària, que ha sensibilitzat l’opinió pública sobre la qualitat de la interpretació proporcionada per diverses ONG i altres organismes que s’ocupen dels sol·licitants d’asil. Actualment, els proveïdors de serveis privats contracten els intèrprets en funció de les llengües que necessitin o que estiguin disponibles, sense exigir-los una formació específica. En aquest article, analitzem la qualitat percebuda dels serveis d’interpretació i el paper de l’intèrpret des de diverses perspectives, incloses les dels agents de les ONG (assessors jurídics, treballadors socials i psicòlegs) i els advocats que participen en aquesta mena de processos, seguint mètodes d’investigació descriptiva. A continuació, tractarem les diferents percepcions sobre la figura de l’intèrpret que tenen els diferents professionals que intervenen en el procediment de sol·licitud d’asil, amb l’objectiu d’obtenir una imatge vàlida, basada en dades, de la interpretació en el context de la sol·licitud d’asil a Espanya. S’espera que aquesta informació serveixi per omplir el buit que existeix en el desenvolupament professional dels intèrprets com a part essencial dels processos d’asil i, el que és més important, com a garantia dels drets humans. També contribuirà a sensibilitzar els professionals que desenvolupen la seva feina amb l’ajuda d’intèrprets.

Abstract: In this article, we will attempt a broad exploration of new literary forms in order to gain an overview of how literary work has taken hold of new digital technologies. We will then attempt to identify the problematic relationship between electronic and digital literature and examine the definitional issues that arise. Finally, we present an overview of the different types of digital poetry, highlighting the relationship of continuity or rupture between traditional and digital literary forms. Keywords: Literature, Digital, Electronics, Hypertextuality, Interactivity

The performativity of the university implies a systemic approach of the triptych : EAD / professionalization of teachers / governance. In order to match the University outputs (successful graduates) to the imputs from the socioeconomic sector (operational professionals), the MESRS has signed a twinning convenant with the European Union known by its acronym « PAPERS ». The purpose of this article is to show how this major project meets the goals of the ministry.

Similar to many other countries, journalistic production in China during the first half of 2020 was dominated on a thematic level by the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend included the mouthpiece of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Renmin Ribao. Its news and commentary articles, which are widely republished by other media, influence the country’s political life, and contribute to the process of meaning generation in the news discourse and to the CCP’s effort to align Chinese citizens to official narratives. Renmin Ribao can therefore provide a relevant source to investigate the relationship between political power and the COVID-19 pandemic, starting from the hypothesis that the paper’s narrative would aim at discursively turning the international health crisis into a piece of positive propaganda. This study aims to verify whether and how the paper did so, and to question the assumption that the outlet’s media discourse can be equated to the CCP official discourse. The research is developed as a case study and blends quantitative and qualitative tools grounded on Applied Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, and Frame Analysis, in order to analyse a corpus of commentaries that have appeared in the outlet’s online edition in 2020. By applying a Genre Analysis approach, the study also offers insights into the possibility to identify distinguishing characteristics and communicative goals in the different sub-genres of Renmin Ribao commentaries.

Writing Studies scholars have raised concerns about framing student struggles to integrate secondary sources as an ethical problem of plagiarism. They propose, instead, framing student citation practices as transitional markers of development in which students use patchwriting to learn the discursive norms and values of academia. Patchwriting as a literacy tool for transfer of knowledge raised questions for me about whether students develop other scaffolds to aid in learning transfer. In this pilot study, I investigate student use of anchor sources, the “perfect source” that frames a student’s central argument, rhetorical structure, and/or purpose. Based on a random sample of a nationwide corpus of First-Year Writing research papers from 16 US institutions, findings show that 21 of 30 research papers (70%) revealed evidence of an anchor source. Six of the 9 papers without anchor sources show evidence of significant rhetorical problems. Results suggest evidence of knowledge transfer, as well as pedagogical implications for supporting this transitional stage in student development.

N/A

Este artigo aborda o futuro do trabalho como fenômeno comu-nicacional, por meio de sua análise como construção discursiva. Elegemos como objeto dois relatórios, dois documentos prospectivos: um assinado pelo World Economic Forum — talvez o maior porta-voz do capitalismo global — e outro da corporação Dell Technologies, expoente da economia digital mundial. Buscamos identificar de que forma esses discursos sobre o futuro do trabalho mobilizam códigos hegemônicos do neoliberalismo, compreendido como lógica social. Essa lógica pressupõe a produção de sujeitos, por meio de competências, perfis, como capital humano a ser gerido com eficácia. A metodologia é baseada na noção de discurso social de Angenot — que propõe a análise do espírito do tempo em sua disseminação nos discursos de dado contexto histórico e social.

N/A

Aquest article presenta l’experiència de planificació i desenvolupament d’una intervenció didàctica per millorar la competència literària d’un grup d’alumnes de segon curs d’educació primària. S’analitza el paper de mediació que exerceix la mestra en activitats de diàleg al voltant de la lectura de diversos àlbums il·lustrats, centrant-se en dos aspectes: d’una banda, en la creació i utilització d’un recurs didàctic per fomentar l’expressió dels infants en clau literària i, de l’altra, en les intervencions de la docent com a participant i guia en el transcurs de les discussions.----------------------------------------------------- Este artículo presenta la experiencia de planificación y desarrollo de una intervención didáctica para mejorar la competencia literaria de un grup de alumnos de segundo curso de primaria. Se analiza el papel de mediación que ejerce la maestra en actividades de diálogo sobre la lectura de álbumes ilustrados desde dos ámbitos: en el aspecto de creación y utilización de un recurso didáctico para fomentar la expresión de los niños en clave literaria y en la vertiente de participante y guía en el transcurso de las discusiones.------------------------------------------------------This article presents the experience of the planning and development of a didactic intervention to improve the literary competence of a group of primary education second course students. The role of the mediation exerted by the teacher in dialogue activities revolving around the reading of various illustrated albums is analyzed from two different scopes: on the one hand, the creation and usage of a teaching material to promote the expression of children in a literary way and, on the other hand, the role of the teacher as a participant and a guide throughout the discussions.

Reseña de The Mind on Paper: Reading, Consciousness and Rationality, por David Olson.

Among the emerging jurisprudential topics is cash paper, and the later and contemporary jurists of the Imamiyyah and Islamic schools of thought tried to explain the reality of cash paper. Cash has no value, but its value alone is in the cover and the balance, whether it is gold or something else, such as the strength of the country, and on this basis we preferred the jurisprudential rulings that are appropriate to this fact: from the non-fulfillment of usury in exchange for it being of the numbered, and it is not required for them to receive in the council, and it is not obligatory in them. Zakat, and usury is fulfilled, so it is forbidden, and a speculative contract is valid in it

With all the literary and political differences between father and son, what is striking about their literary careers is the way they parallel each other: Kingsley was thirty-one when his first novel, Lucky Jim, was published (1953); Martin was twenty – four when he published The Rachel Papers (1973). Lucky Jim was a runaway best seller and a book that defined a generation. That was not quite true of Martin’s early books, but he had enough precocious reward. No other father-son tandem has produced a corpus as sizable and significant as that of Sir Kingsley Amis and his son. They have maintained not only a quality of writing, but also duration of productivity that other literary families have simply not matched.

The present study attempts to identify and analyse the collocational errors committed in writing by Iraqi EFL researchers whose major is English. The corpus involves (10 ) papers chosen randomly from various Iraqi universities. The research aims at identifying and analyzing both lexical and grammatical collocationalerrors. The results show that the performance of Iraqi researchers in both patterns seems to be influenced by L1 transfer. Moreover, it is found that other factors contribute to the high frequency of collocation errors committed by them, namely the lack knowledge of collocationalskills, especially with regard to collocationalrestriction,the misuse of synonyms, and thetendencyforovergeneralization. Furthermore, it is found that lexical collocation is the most recurrent error throughout the data. This is due to the grammar-based method ,which is broadly adopted in Iraqi classes.

Reseña de: Sanmartín Bastida, Rebeca y Luengo Balbás, María, Las Revelaciones de María de Santo Domingo (1480/86–1524), (Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar 74), London, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014, 136 pp.

En aquest article intentarem determinar els motius que hi ha darrere de la baixa qualitat de la feina dels intèrprets judicials en el context dels processos penals als tribunals de Barcelona. A partir d’un corpus de judicis reals enregistrats, explorem quatre possibles factors que poden afectar l’actuació dels intèrprets: durada del judici, problemes de gestió de les converses, experiència dels intèrprets i tipus de delicte que es jutja. A més, també analitzem faltes de rendiment injustificades, que es consideren un indicador important de la ineficàcia. Les conclusions es comenten en el context de la competència lingüística de l’intèrpret, el seu paper en la interacció amb tots els participants i les normes establertes dels codis de conducta professionals. En aquest article se subratlla la necessitat de millorar la qualificació dels intèrprets, però també de conscienciar els membres del poder judicial espanyol sobre el paper dels intèrprets, amb l’objectiu de protegir els drets processals de les persones que no parlen ni entenen la llengua en què es du a terme el procediment.

Call for papers/Convocatoria/Appel à contribution n. 8 -11/2012 Orientalismo/Orientalismi

Se il museo si fa teatro: la cultura del display tra conservazione e produzione a cura di Emilia Perassi e Paolo Caponi

Straipsnyje aptariama modelio negyvas subjektas + aktyvų veiksmą reiškiantis veiksmažodis realiza­cija lingvistiniuose straipsniuose anglų kalba. Nustatomas bendras modelio dažnumas bei dažniausiai pasikartojantys veiksmažodžiai bei subjektai, atskleidžiama jų reikšmė ir funkcijos. Rezultatai lygina­mi su lingvisto Master’io (2001) straipsnyje aprašomais tyrimo, grindžiamo moksliniais straipsniais tiksliųjų mokslų tematika, rezultatais. Abiejų tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad tiriamas modelis vyrauja aiškinamojo tipo kontekstuose.Kvantitatyvinis aspektas papildomas interpretaciniu, pasitelkiant konceptualiosios metaforos teo­riją. Nustatytos šios dažniausiai pasitaikančios metaforos: tyrimas yra žmogus, tyrimas yra kelionė, tyrimas yra statinys, tyrimas yra ekonominė veikla bei tyrimas yra paslapties atskleidimas. Pirmoji metafora iš dalies sutampa su metonimijomis.Šio tyrimo rezultatai galėtų pasitarnauti diskurso analizės tyrimams bei dėstant akademinį rašymą negimtakalbiams.

Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis pavyzdžiais, surinktais iš Anglų filologijos katedros studentų bakalaurinių ir magistrinių darbų, analizuojami tų darbų pavadinimai bei mokslinio darbo plano rašymo būdai. Pavadinimai nagrinėjami keliais aspektais – visų pirma, aptariama jų funkcijos, 153tiriama jų sintaksinės ir struktūrinės ypatybės. Be to, nemaža dėmesio skiriama sąšvelnių (hedging) ir intertekstualumo naudojimui mokslinių darbų pavadinimuose, t.p. paminimi nauji efektingi būdai kurti pavadinimus. Kita straipsnio dalis skirta aptarti problemoms, kylančioms rašant mokslinio dar­bo planą. Išskiriami dviejų tipų sunkumai – susiję su darbo turiniu, kai planas yra per daug bendras ir neatspindi darbo turinio, ir sunkumai, susiję su plano forma – kai nesilaikoma tos pačios sintaksinės formos. Išvadose teigiama, jog šios dvi įvadinės mokslinio darbo dalys, nors iš pirmo žvilgsnio ir galinčios atrodyti nelabai svarbios, iš tiesų atlieka rimtą informacinę bei reklaminę funkciją, todėl siūlant akademinio rašymo kursą, joms reikėtų skirti nemaža dėmesio.

ABSTRACT: Of the more than 2,000 Scandinavian newspapers published in North America prior to World War I, few have been preserved for posterity. One long-forgotten paper recently resurfaced: the Norwegian language newspaper Vikingen of Edmonton, Alberta, published by the Scandinavian Literary and Youth Societies on the eve of World War I. A survey of Vikingen’s editorials provides an insight into an active and vibrant community, struggling to retain its Scandinavian identity while trying to establish itself in Canadian society. Nostalgia for the old country and a certain alienation from the mainstream Anglo-Saxon society found an outlet in an intense Norwegian patriotism and a backward-looking cultural nostalgia. Vikingen gives us a glimpse of the lively social and political life of the Scandinavian pioneers in Western Canada and lets us revisit the keen debates surrounding suffrage rights, immigration, and alcohol prohibition.

The present paper sets out to examine the efficiency of the Task Dependency Principle (TDP) in teaching research paper writing for BA students in English Philology. So far the TDP has been used in teaching practical language skills to non-native speakers. It consists in giving students tasks which are based on previously accomplished tasks. The TDP has turned out to be very effective in teaching research paper writing skills as well. Implemented throughout one full semester of the research-in-progress seminar, coupled with the peer review and fostered by the focus on individually selected linguistic topics, the TDP has contributed to increasing the motivation of students and shifting from teacherto student-centred teaching/learning.

This article describes the types of portfolios teachers can use in their classroom along with teacher-tested advice for ways to implement portfolio assessment. Portfolio assessment provides teachers and students with a documented chronology of the learning that is taking place. By periodically reviewing their portfolios, students become enlightened about their progress and empowered when they can see for themselves the progression of their learning. This knowledge enables students, with the guidance of their teacher, to set and work toward future learning goals. We have included relevant research that supports portfolio assessment along with comments from our students. These comments dramatically document the power portfolios have to enlighten and motivate students to learn.

This article explores the intersection of 19th-century philosophy with historical events, spotlighting Nietzsche, Bentham, Kierkegaard, and Schopenhauer and their distinct perspectives on suffering as a positive element, reflective of the era's cultural and historical nuances. The first part of the paper is a summary of the 19th century and its noteworthy events. The second part argues that suffering is a constant element of human existence by highlighting conceptual similarities between all four philosophers when they describe the challenges that humans must face. The third part of the paper analyzes the relationship between suffering and self-knowledge. The fourth and last part of the paper explores the mechanism of suffering as an epiphenomenon.

This paper constitutes an encompassing account of the Madonna of Orsanmichele in all its historical instances. As source of the first miracle ever recorded in the city-state of Florence, in 1292, the Orsanmichele Madonna generated a cult that lasted centuries. Considering the extravagant artistic commissions on the site of the granary-turned-church, Orsanmichele became a place of religious worship, and, more importantly, grown into being equated with the political and spiritual identity of Florence. The panel by Bernando Daddi and the tabernacle designed by Andrea Orcagna have generated, I argue, a parallel cult – one revering the exquisite artistic draughtsman ship of the painting and that of its monumental shrine. In this paper I aim to present the dialogue between the Marian cult located at Orsanmichele, starting in the thirteenth century, and the artistic patronage prompted by the popularity of the miracle-making image of the Virgin. My study represents a critical re-visitation of the prominent book by Megan Holmes, The Miraculous Image in Renaissance Florence, published in 2013.

AI-based chat agents within educational settings present a promising pathway for bolstering collaborative learning (CL), especially in the sphere of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This paper investigates the evolving role of chat agents based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLM), notably ChatGPT, in the landscape of CL specific to EFL. The primary aim is twofold: firstly, to discern the productive and unproductive applications of ChatGPT in a CL environment, and secondly, to investigate approaches for harnessing ChatGPT to amplify productive CL experiences in EFL contexts. We present a literature review addressing the main objective of this paper, i.e., the exploration of the productive and unproductive uses of ChatGPT for CL in the EFL context. The findings aim to provide insights into the capabilities and limitations of ChatGPT in fostering language skills, enhancing communication competence, and encouraging cooperative learning strategies among EFL learners. This present paper delineates approaches and possible pitfalls when employing AI chat agents in language learning, attempting to bridge the divide between AI technology and instructional design, aiming to facilitate a more informed and efficacious utilisation of AI within collaborative EFL learning environments.

While reflecting upon the intrinsically multilingual and translational history of philosophy, philosophers and philosophy scholars frequently argue metaphorically in terms of a tradition. The perspectives vary in emphasizing either the tradition’s continuance or its transition, whereas translation is perceived of as the central or an auxiliary force in both processes. Four approaches where a philosophical tradition is differently poeticized are discussed in the paper. They reveal specific operations of transfer and transformation which are claimed to be supported or accelerated by/in translation. Such tradition-related operations appear to qualify for being traced and pinned down in a given philosophical translation. The paper seeks to work out this heuristic potential within the selected poetics of tradition and draws upon the paratextual comments on the first Russian translation of Heidegger’s “Being and Time” to eventually illustrate the translation-induced shifts of whatever might be called a philosophical tradition.

Abstract: The paper investigates complex nominal expressions in Tagbana a language spoken in the central-north part of Côte d´Ivoire. Complex nominal or compounds are the relation between two lexical categories, producing another by an implicit relationship between the constituents, Chappell & McGregor (1989) and Guevara & Scalise (2009) and it has been highly attentive in the linguistics literatures but none of them exist on Tagbana. Three kinds of complex nouns are explored in this paper: complex nouns consisting of two or more nominal roots (n +n); compounds consisting of a nominal and a verbal root (n + v) and the third kind consisting of a nominal and an adjectival root (n + a). The question arises as to the nature of the hierarchy of the structure of these complex constituents. It is shown that the rightmost element of a compound, or the final one in case there is more than two, is always the head of the compound and the entire complex noun acquires the class of the last element. If, however, the second element is an adjective, which does not have a class by itself, in this case, the complex noun acquires the class of the leftmost element. I propose an account of how morphological structures interact in these kinds of constructions and I look at the extent to which distributed morphology can account for these complex nominal constructions in Tagbana. Keywords: Complex nominals, Tagbana, Morphology, Distributed Morphology

Abstract: This paper examines the portrayal of trauma and collective memory in The Baghdad Eucharist, a remarkable novel set in Iraq. It argues that our memory often repeats itself when we fail to grasp its true significance. The aftermath of the postwar period in Iraq, particularly after 2003, was characterized by profound psychological traumas experienced both individually and collectively. Youssef and Maha, the main characters, bear the psychological scars of a tragic event deeply rooted in the sensitive aspects of Iraq's history and culture. In his novel, Sinan Antoon focuses on depicting Iraq's transformation and the invasion of sectarian war that engulfs the nation. In The Baghdad Eucharist, he chooses to write about the 2010 bombing of a church, a devastating incident resulting in numerous deaths. Drawing from the theory of trauma, this paper analyzes the presentation of trauma through the lens of Youssef and Maha, two characters profoundly affected by the traumatic memory. Youssef and Maha's experiences reflect the enduring impact of the witnessed event. The paper seeks to unravel the intricate dynamics of collective memory following significant historical events by exploring their psychological wounds and the subsequent manifestations of trauma. By examining the complexities of trauma and collective memory, this analysis of The Baghdad Eucharist contributes to a deeper understanding of the lasting consequences of war and violence on individuals and societies. It sheds light on the interplay between personal trauma and the broader cultural and historical contexts. Ultimately, this paper underscores the significance of acknowledging and comprehending traumatic experiences, as they shape our collective memory and influence our perception of the world. Keywords: The Baghdad Eucharist, Sinan Antoon, Iraq Trauma, Sectarian war, Arab American Literature, violence.

Abstract: Thanks to stylistics and narratology, this paper examines the aesthetics of jazz music in Jazz before shedding light on the function of this musical genre in Toni Morrison’s novel. From Jazz stylistic devices that invade the novel, the paper sets a parallel between Jazz, the literary text and Jazz, the musical genre. It also shows the role of Jazz music in the lives of the characters by analyzing it as a racial therapy that enables Blacks to heal their American racial disease, which is racism. Jazz music not only enables oppressed characters to protest, resist and transcend their racial oppression, but it also helps them to construct and assert their African American identity. From the similarity between the novel and the musical genre in terms of aesthetics and philosophy, the paper concludes that Morrison’s text can be read and listened to as well as jazz music. Keywords: aesthetics, identity, jazz music, oppression, race.

Abstract: This paper explores the multifaceted aspects of digital communication, emphasizing its evolution from analog to digital realms. It delves into the definition, factors shaping digital communication, its constituents, tiers, and advantages. The discussion extends to the roles digital communication plays in various domains such as social interaction, media, and advertising. The paper synthesizes key research findings and theories to provide a holistic view of digital communication's impact on contemporary society, highlighting its advantages over traditional communication methods and its role in bridging cultural and geographical divides. Keywords: Virtual Currency, Digital Money, Media and Communication, Cybersecurity.

Language is one of the main constituents of transnationalism that is increasingly gaining ground in research. Language use leads to the creation and/ or preservation of connections between distant spaces, frequently across national boundaries (Jiménez et al, 2009). An idiom is a regularly used phrase in the language to carry its cultural and historical heritage and play a vital role in language use. However, at times its meaning might present a challenge while little is known about it in transnational contexts. This paper deals with idiomatic transnationalism in countries proclaiming Islam as their religion. Choice fell on western Algeria as a transnational study case where Islamic idioms make an important part of Arabic varieties and reflect diverse cultural and historical aspects of the Algerians’ everyday life. Not only language specialists are involved in transnational activities, but also individuals moving to Algeria, including immigrants, foreign business investors, European Erasmus students, in addition to emigrants leaving the country: Idiomatic understanding helps school foreign language teachers in the host country to better instruct their children. Therefore, this paper suggests the application of meaning-oriented model of foreign language knowledge (Purpura, 2016) to Islamic idioms as a way to contribute to the comprehension of Algerian transnationalism. It also attempts to check the extent to which this model applicability could be currently effective. Observation was undertaken to collect data and eighty eight informants were interviewed. Results showed that most of the model resources could be applied to the idiom collected. Yet, not all transnational individuals needed to go subsequently through all the model layers to reach idiomatic understanding and production in the present context. Further suggestions that might improve the newcomers’ proficiency of Islamic idioms in western Algeria were provided.

Abstract: The paper intends to show that the Rise from Despair to Hope in Shakespeare’s Hamlet emerges as a significant societal transformation of Elizabethan land. The paper maintains that this social change reflects the upward movement of the Elizabethan society engaged on the way to familial and brotherhood reconstruction. This shift represents a new direction and by the way, constitutes a rewarding phase for Shakespeare because it celebrates the break with the past. By a sociocritical analysis, the paper also accesses the Elizabethan social shift with a ray of expectations since a new Elsinore is born from the ashes of the chaotic situation in which Claudius is the lead-promoter. Keywords: fratricide, brotherhood, reconstruction, despair, hope.

Legal translation is a specialized area of translation that requires a deep understanding of legal ‎systems, legal terminology, and the cultural context in which the legal document was created. ‎In Algeria, legal translation plays a critical role in facilitating communication and ensuring the ‎accuracy and clarity of legal documents. This paper will explore the challenges and ‎considerations that legal translators in Algeria face, including linguistic, cultural, and legal ‎factors. Through a thorough analysis of legal translation in Algeria, this paper seeks to shed ‎light on the essential role that legal translation plays in promoting access to justice and ‎maintaining the integrity of legal systems in Algeria, where legal translation is particularly ‎important due to the country's unique, complex, and diverse legal system, which combines ‎elements of French civil law and Islamic law, in addition to the multiple official languages, ‎including Arabic, French, and Berber. Moreover, the legal documents that require translation ‎in Algeria range from contracts and agreements to court documents and legal judgments. ‎These documents often have significant legal consequences, making accuracy and precision in ‎legal translation critical. In this context, it is essential for legal translators in Algeria to have ‎specialized training and expertise in legal translation to ensure that legal documents are ‎accurately and effectively translated across different languages and legal systems using all ‎types of equivalence for terms and concepts dealt with and comparative law study for the text ‎to be translated. ‎

Given the gap noted in the Algerian official syllabus of the translation unit, and though both teachers and students are aware of the importance of translation errors, no lecture is dedicated to this concept. Hence, the present investigation attempts to testify the efficiency of collaborative work in teaching translation errors to M.A. students and thereby apply the theoretical background in real situations. It aims to train students to detect and correct errors, improve the final product, and minimise the different types of errors. The paper adopts a qualitative quantitative-mixed method to scrutinise the phenomenon under investigation. Whereas the theoretical part draws on Delisle's (1999) model of translation errors, the practical part relies on data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. The paper's data were obtained from M.A. students' documents at Mascara University (Algeria) to examine the efficiency of collaborative work as a method of teaching translation errors. The study finds out that the error rate was reduced by 24% after adopting collaborative work, including the three types of texts (general, medical, and literary). The study also concludes that collaborative work enhances three central competencies competitiveness, autonomy, and motivation; hence, they acquire certain translation maturity and critical thinking.

The aim of this paper is to highlight an aspect of Mozart's production that has long been neglected by contemporary musicology: the strong influence of Orientalism in some of the composer's works. After a brief focus on musical antecedents related to Orientalism, mostly composed in France, Austria and Germany, we will then examine four of Mozart's most famous works in more detail: the Violin Concerto in A major K219, the Piano Sonata in A major K331 and the two renowned Singspiele: Die Entführung aus dem Serail K384 and Die Zauberflöte K620. For each of these works, all of them replete with Turqueries and exotic elements, different aspects will be examined with the aim of providing a multifaceted review of the main manifestations of Orientalism in European musical production of the 18th century. It is worth clarifying that what will be examined constitutes the original core of a series of elements that, in Art music production of the following centuries, will become a compositional norm with explicit reference to the Middle East, although derived from cultural and musical stereotypes. Furthermore, when discussing the East in a musical context, we do not refer to well-defined geographical and cultural boundaries. In this paper, we will also offer a brief analysis of this highly stereotyped and antithetical Eastern world, from a perspective strictly linked to the musical context, but one whose influences also partially extend to literature and visual arts.

The aim of this paper is to explore the presence of Cultural References in animated films and to investigate the approach adopted by Italian dubbing professionals to deal with such culture-specific elements. The analysis is based on a corpus of twelve American animated films released between 1955 and 2018 by companies such as Disney, Disney-Pixar, DreamWorks, 20th Century Fox, Illumination Entertainment, Universal Pictures. By analysing the transcriptions of the English and Italian dialogues and the films, the paper identifies food and drink Cultural References and examines the translation strategies used in Italian dubbing. A comparison of older and more recent films throws light on differences through time as well as on translation patterns. The linguistic analysis of the English and Italian dialogues is complemented with comments by two Italian dubbing professionals on dubbing practice in Italy.

Using W. J. Thomas Mitchell’s concept of the “pictorial turn” as a starting point, this paper assesses the impact of the digital world and new media on the body of current migration narratives within the field of anglophone postcolonial literature. In a culture dominated by images, new media, particularly the Internet, have increasingly complemented written language as the primary means of conveying storytelling. In regard to migration narratives, as it happened at the dawn of cinematography when the human face attained a multidimensional, visual and emotional focus, this shift in the messenger has conferred a digital life to the human face itself. Given this new media reality, the human face is now able to communicate simultaneously across distances, across time and to a wider audience. This quality, referred to as “facialization” by Thomas Macho, enables individuals to take a predominant role as real-life protagonists in their own real-life stories engendering in return an online community. Furthermore, as put forth by Hilde C. Stephansen, this online community also takes a stand against the mainstream narrative of present-day migrations and directs attention to marginalized human beings prevented from entering Western societies. In this paper, these real-life stories are explored in the visual-digital storytelling by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie of her experience as a migrant; by Reni Eddo-Lodge as a descendant of earlier migrants; by Lucy Popescu as an activist working for the publishing industry as well as by activists engaged in the Refugee Tales Statement. This visual-digital production of migration narratives and their consequent availability also render the human rights issues facing stateless persons pressing and immediate.

Abstract: During the last decades, with the increase of demography, urbanization, globalization and general commodification, the land value has increased and some social strata such as young people, women and the disabled become vulnerable and their control land remains almost non-existent. This situation has led to gender inequality in farmland accessibility and increase unemployed young people. With the aim to improve conditions of access to farmland, this analysis to shed light on land tenure problematic and problems related to young people and women's access to farmland. A total of 70 papers from Africa, Asia, America and Europe have been considered. In Africa, 8.1 to 15% of papers have been produced by researchers from Benin Republic and Senegal, and 6.1 to 8% from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. 52.73% papers from international results, when 36.36% and 10.91% have respectively been collected form other national or local scales. The main research fields of these papers are rural land acquisition and accessibility, conflicts about land accessibility, land governance and institutions, and about actors and vulnerability. Inheritance was the most common regime of land tenure in the most of the countries in Africa while the smallest land tenure scheme was the borrowing regime with 23.67%. 85% of papers identified women as the most vulnerable actors in the acquisition and accessibility of rural lands. However, youth are almost excluded from access to land ownership. This study provides an analytical overview on the difficulties of women and young people to accede to farmland that are important to increase the agricultural productivity and to improve gender inequalities in rural land acquisition and accessibility. Keywords Land governance, access to land, rural development, land conflict. West Africa.

Whether visual representation can function in arguments is a controversial issue. Those who claim they cannot, claim that only propositions may function thus and that as visuals cannot represent propositions, they cannot function in arguments. The current paper, invoking recent developments in Relevance Theory, demonstrates that visuals, specifically photographs, can represent propositions and can therefore function as and in arguments. The paper demonstrates that visuals also communicate more than propositions in that they provide evidence for a range of ‘impressions’ that support a ‘credal attitude’ toward the document in which they occur.

This paper aims to analyze the effects on German literature of the renewed interest in Nazi past. In order to do that, it considers Adorno’s and Mitscherlichs’ studies, in which they try – from a psychoanalytic point of view – to understand the mechanisms which made Germans support the leader and then made them remove their guilt. Then, the article focuses on some author of the early Sixties, in order to verify how they try to begin the Germans’ Vergangenheitsbewältigung. As far as possible, the paper examines the reception of these texts, trying to understand how and to what extent they give a contribution to overcome this collective amnesia.

This article analyzes the semiotic configurations of actant-subjects in Western literature, according to their axiological traits, both ethical and aesthetic. The paper first focuses on the recurrence of archetypal semiotic forms, bringing together the Beautiful and the Good on one side and the Evil and the Ugly on the other to form so-called intense semiotic behaviors (power, force). These forms are then transgressed, with the appearance of hybrid configurations crossing the elementary categories: the Beautiful then rubs shoulders with the Evil, the Ugly mixes with the Good, resulting in extensive semiotic patterns (perversion, benevolence). Finally, this paper tends to reveal transformative paths in subjects presenting evolutionary forms of the original axiological properties (transition from Good to Evil, from Beautiful to Ugly, etc.).

This paper describes a case of the practical application of thematic analysis to organise and interpret qualitative data on the presence of technological contents in the field of translator training in Spain. Thematic analysis allowed us to identify and interpret key ideas (themes) within the data sample obtained from a corpus of module syllabi from undergraduate degrees in Translation and Interpreting (T&I) in 2019-2020. This paper presents the study from a purely methodological perspective. It explains in detail the different phases of thematic analysis according to the model proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006), together with the decisions taken in each phase. This is part of a broader research project that aims to map the current situation of technologies in the academic field (undergraduate degrees in T&I) and in the professional market of translation in Spain, when digitisation is directly impacting the demands of the translation industry.

Abstract This essay offers ecocritical discussions of Iraqi flora and fauna under the 2003 invasion of Iraq from the point of view of both American and Iraqi novelists. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the American Kevin Powers’s in The Yellow Birds (2012) and Iraqi Sinan Antoon's in The Book of Collateral Damage (2019) extend their moral mission of the 2003 invasion of Iraq which moves beyond the human species to include flora and fauna in light of ecocriticism. More specifically, the paper attempts to expose the outrageous things reflected by Antoon and Powers that the US invasion has done to flora and fauna which are officially ignored. It also examines the proper employment of different forms of symbolism and techniques to strengthen their ecological conservation values. The study concludes that despite the selected writers’ different experiences of colonialism, they similarly stand in creating eco-consciousness that comes from their understanding that the costs of war are not only measured by the loss of humans, but also by the devastation of flora and fauna to institutionalize a strong oppositional stance towards the war in Iraq. Key words : Ecocriticism , Biocentric Vsion , Eco-justice Perspective , Environmental Ethics , Human and Nonhuman Relationship , Los of Biodiversity , Sustainability .

Abstract: Nature is viewed differently by men either in fiction or real-life situations. While some revere and adore nature, others are careless about their relationship with it. From the lenses of psychoanalysis and ecocriticism, this paper analyses the influence of nature and wilderness on the building of the main character, Calla in I Lock My Door Upon Myself by Joyce Carol Oates. In the process, the paper assesses the physical as well as psychological resources that can be drawn from nature for a balanced ecosystem and calls for the protection of the environment. Keywords: Psychoanalysis, ecocriticism, nature, characterization.

In traditional Romanian society, where the vast majority of the population was illiterate, writing remained mysterious and inaccessible. For the peasants from the Romanian village, writing and the book have acquired separate meanings, being used in a particular way through magico-religious rituals. In order to defend against the action of evil forces and for the healing of the sick body, the traditional community instituted ceremonial, apotropaic and thaumaturgical practices, involving a set of alternative uses of writing. The clerics played an important role in consolidating these practices. The village priests made the written amulets (apocryphal texts, prayers and incantations) intended to be worn closest to the body to ward off unclean spirits which could cause harm to women who had just given birth and to the new-born. Books and writing were seen as repositories of healing forces that could ward off disease and trouble. In the Romanian rural society, between the two World Wars, it was still believed that evil spirits, agents of disease, could be drawn from the sick person's body with the help of “healing letters” (rom. “răvașe de leac”), containing prayers, various religious symbols, names of saints but also magic formulas, often presented in an enigmatic and incomprehensible way. The formulas are written upside down, from right to left, then from left to right (like the famous palindrome “Sator arepo tenet opera rotas” or “Abracadabra”) or distributed in geometric figures (spirals, triangles, crosses). These “healing papers”, with a strong iconic charge, were applied to the body or the text and the image were drawn directly on the skin of the sufferer. Drinking water in which one had washed a plate on the surface of which healing formulas had been written or swallowing the paper on which magic formulas were written were other common practices. Romanian ethnologists have documented the survival of these practices until the mid1970s. Similar practices are found in other parts of Europe.

This paper aims to problematize and conceptualize the teaching approaches used by two trainers in the Applied Linguistics MA program at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Romania. Data collection was undertaken during the first semester of the academic year 2017-2018 for approximately two months during which I attended the first module of my master’s studies as a post-graduate student. The approach adopted combines a conventional literature review with the examination and discussion of two case studies incorporating post-observation field notes and teacher questionnaires for the purpose of triangulating data and methods. The paper lists findings consistent with the idea that the Romanian teacher education program helps trainees develop a reflective stance on their pedagogical practices through micro-teaching and presentation opportunities. Both courses have similar ultimate aims and rely on a non-hierarchical teacher-student relationship, using teaching and presentation sessions embedded in the training classroom to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The ultimate aim of the present study is not to persuade anyone to flip a classroom or let students embark on micro-teaching, but rather to provide potential readers with feasible resources should they decide to modify a university course or a pre-university lesson using one of the approaches described herein.