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Maruyama Masao wrote his most politically engaged texts between 1946 and 1951. "en a 30-year-old scholar and recently returned soldier, he was popular with readers who had also fought in the war. Yet he never enjoyed the same level of influence as his more experienced peers in the intellectual community. He retired from the public debate in 1952 due to ill health and, except for a short period around 1960 when a new Japan-United States security treaty was signed, devoted himself to academic pursuits. Maruyama's fragmentary statements were widely reported and collections of his writings became bestsellers. He came to be seen, somewhat erroneously, as the representative thinker of Japan's postwar democracy. Ever since, the Maruyama legend has been the focus of both criticism and praise, going beyond his original intentions. Using an approach borrowed from the sociology of knowledge, this paper seeks to examine the issues of social cognition and political engagement in his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Whelan was one of the popular heroes of Prince Edward Island's Confederation-era 'golden age': champion of responsible government, Father of Confederation, brilliant journalist and orator. For over a half-century after his tragic death in 1867, a series of campaigns were launched to erect a public monument to his memory. Despite their pointedly non-partisan, non-sectarian trappings, each ultimately failed to generate broad support. The reasons for that failure hold up a mirror to a post-Confederation Island society in need of heroes but divided by its past, while the story of how the monument was variously justified exposes the fluid and contingent nature of public memory as the real Edward Whelan became a convenient vessel in which to place the values and aspirations of his memory keepers. Edward Whelan etait l'un des heros populaires de <> de la Confederation de l'Ile-du-Prince-Edouard: champion du gouvernement responsable, pere de la Confederation, brillant journaliste et orateur. Pendant plus d'un demi-siecle apres sa mort tragique en 1867, une serie de campagnes ont ete lancees pour eriger un monument public a sa memoire. Malgre leurs pieges ostensiblement non partisans et non sectaires, chacun n 'a finalement pas reussi a generer un large soutien. Les raisons de cet echec offrent un miroir a une societe insulaire post- confederation qui a besoin de heros mais qui est divisee par son passe, tandis que l'histoire de la facon dont le monument a ete diversement justifie expose la nature fluide et contingente de la memoire publique en tant que veritable Edward Whelan est devenu un recipient commode dans lequel placer les valeurs et les aspirations de ses gardiens de la memoire., Long may thy Island home Look for thy like to come-- Few may she ever Find more deserving trust, Freer from thoughts unjust, Than this heart--in the dust At rest--and [...]

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The article presents the discussion on history of language classification is, in essence, the history of ideas. Topics include various methods and systems have been employed to organize language, ranging from genealogical classifications to taxonomic structures; and fundamental aspect of this journey, providing structure, organization, and meaning to the ever-evolving tapestry of human communication.

Often dubious or allergic, even downright negative, the reactions to the word "Francophone", a term whose meaning is nevertheless clear, do not fail to raise questions. They are particularly strong in the literary field where more and more Francophone literatures are developing, the emergence, study and recognition of which always come up against resistance without equal in other linguistic areas resulting from European colonization. The explanation lies at the very heart of the History of France and of the Franco-French structures for apprehending the world - particularly through the place and the conception of the language and literature that signify it - what the author calls the French ideology. The effects of Parisian editorial centralism, unique in the world, are also studied, as well as the contrasting consequences of the political use made of the French language and its supposed universality. Diverse historical strata and contemporary contradictions are meticulously analysed, as well as the obstacles to considering and building a plural Franco-Francophone space. What the rejection of the word "Francophone" refers to is the realities that it designates and forces us to recognize fundamentally. They call into question a habitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses the sport socialization of school-age youth born during the post-World War II baby boom in France. Topics include compulsory Physical Education (EP) class and the transmission of a school sports culture, school sports policy, changes to the Brevet Sportif Populaire (BSP), or the popular sports certificate, and the representation of sports in youths' magazines.

According to Paul Ricoeur, « The text is the medium through which one understands oneself ». Claude Vigée (1921-2020), as a Jewish writer, tries to receive, embrace and perpetuate the identity conveyed by the Holy Scriptures into his own writing, while also relating it to his life. Asserting oneself as part of a vaster destiny or History; developing a better self-knowledge in the light of a shared relation to the world; finding one's reflection in Biblical figures, but also relinquishing one's Self for a better understanding of one's belonging: these are the paths taken by Vigée for this identity quest which implies the pursuit of the father - or, rather, of the Biblical Fathers - in a fully assumed filiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Breasts, especially those of wonien, but also men. receive particular attentions; they are often scented or exhale of themselves a plaisant smell. The perfume is an curtificial substance which glorifies the body and makes it recognizable. Scented naturally or artijicially, (the) breasts reveal intention of the feelings; they are places of the intimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Tour de France, the world’s most prestigious cycle race, very early evolved into more than a sports competition: it became a modern myth, as described by Roland Barthes. Collective memory does not simply remember extraordinary gestures from the Tour; its mention evokes a familiar visual culture based on repeated and established body language. Many figures spontaneously come to mind: the victorious champion putting on the yellow jersey on the podium; the cautious racing cyclist slipping a newspaper inside his jersey to protect him from the cold on top of a pass, with help from a spectator; the begging audience raising hands to catch samples from the Tour’s publicitary cars. To use the expression of the sociologist Pierre Sansot, the Tour de France appears as “a form of national liturgy”, stirred by ceremonial and technical gestures but also by the audience’s activity. In the immediate decades after WWII, audiovisual medias contributed to set on screen the representation of this body language. If the role of television, then at its beginnings, seems obvious in this process, we must also consider the importance of newsreel, an essential part of information until the end of the 1950s, sunk into oblivion since, in the Tour de France’s storytelling. Using approaches from media studies and anthropology of gesture, this article focuses on how moving image records and promotes ritualised gestural sequences.

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This study offers to follow the path of a parlour game and allows to seize the cultural transfers of this physical practise and to measure the part of the ambient anglomania in its reconfiguration in France at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ping-pong become a fashion within the French high society in 1902. By joining the bourgeois codes, this parlour game contributes to the perpetuation of the uses of this select population far from the effort of English sport. This fashion seduces because it’s not only perpetuation of the social conventions of elites. It’s also built on the idea of emancipation which the impossible meets between men and women symbolise. Fashion is surprisingly fed with paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including militant aesthetics between 1920s-1930s, French literature in 20th century and libertarian literature.

Copyright of Tocqueville Review -- La Revue Tocqueville is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)