Search

Cet article se propose d’interroger les modalités de collecte, de communication et de traitement de l’information méditerranéenne propres au gouvernement de la république de Saint Georges au cours des premières années suivant le retour officiel des Génois au Levant (1665-1670). Y est présenté et commenté un rapport produit par une commission maritime, la Giunta di Marina, qui expose aux décideurs les principaux axes du renseignement génois, en développe les enjeux ainsi que la doctrine, et propose de réformer le système afin d’adapter la politique de l’information de la république à la nouvelle situation. Sont ensuite analysés les procédures et les différents circuits dont disposait le gouvernement pour se tenir informé des affaires du temps, ainsi que les nouvelles transmises par les agents présents à Livourne, à Smyrne et à Istanbul. Cette seconde partie a pour ambition de révéler ce qui apparaît comme un processus inédit d’institutionnalisation des nouvelles maritimes, et de voir également s’il existe ainsi, à Gênes, une information spécifiquement consulaire. This paper analyses how the Republic of Genoa gathered, conveyed and processed data from the Mediterranean after the Genoese officially returned to the Levant (1665-1670). It begins by discussing a report by a maritime committee known as the Giunta di Marina presenting the major directions, challenges and doctrines of Genoese intelligence to decision-makers and suggesting reforms in order to adapt the Republic’s information system to the new order. The second part of the paper analyses the procedures and networks that enabled the government to stay informed, and it examines news provided by agents in Livorno, Smyrna and Istanbul. The objective is to focus on the institutionalization of maritime news and the so-called consular nature of Mediterranean information as it was structured and used by the Genoese government.

La croissance des bénéfices supralocaux liés à l’existence des ports a souvent été accompagnée, dans de nombreux cas, par une réduction des avantages macroéconomiques pour la région portuaire. Dans cet article, le concept de cluster portuaire est interprété comme un outil conceptuel pour appuyer une réflexion opérationnelle sur la réconciliation des intérêts locaux et supralocaux liés à l’existence des ports. Les économies de localisation, fondement de la compétitivité des clusters, mettent en évidence que la compétitivité des régions portuaires ne dépend pas exclusivement de leur capacité en termes de trafics mais aussi de la qualité et de la dimension de l’ensemble des activités liées au port. Le développement des clusters peut donc favoriser l’emploi local, à parité de trafics. L’article développe le concept théorique de cluster portuaire avec pour illustration l’étude du cas génois. Une attention particulière est accordée aux éléments relatifs à sa gouvernance. The growth of benefits beyond the local tied to the existence of ports has been accompanied in many cases by a reduction in the macro-economic advantages for the port region. In this paper, the concept of port cluster is interpreted as a conceptual tool to operationally reflect on the reconciliation of local and beyond local interests tied to these ports. The economies of localization that lie at the base of these clusters demonstrates that the competitiveness of port regions does not depend exclusively on their traffic capacity, but also on the quality of the whole complement of activities tied to the port. Development of clusters can increase local employment. The paper develops the theoretical concept of the port cluster by illustrating the case of Genoa and giving particular attention to governance.

The aim of this paper is to confront the novel by Filippo D'Angelo, La Fine dell'altro mondo (The End of the other world) to the previous research of the author devoted to the French libertine literature in the seventeenth century. We think to be able to show how the text, in relation to the historiographical, hermeneutical and philological researches of the author, may indeed be considered as a libertine novel of the twenty-first century., L'article est consacré à la confrontation du roman de Filippo D'Angelo, La Fine dell'altro mondo (La Fin de l'autre monde), aux travaux de l'auteur consacrés à la littérature libertine d'expression française du xviie siècle. Il s'agit de montrer en quoi ce texte, en relation avec les recherches historiographiques, herméneutiques et philologiques de l'auteur, peut être en effet considéré comme un roman libertin du xxie siècle., Lo scopo di questo articolo è di proporre un confronto tra il romanzo di Filippo D'Angelo, La Fine dell'altro mondo alle ricerche dedicate dall'autore alla letteratura libertina francese del Seicento. Si tratta di dimostrare perché, questa opera, in relazione con le ricerche storiografiche, ermeneutiche e filologiche dell'autore, può in effetti essere legitimamente letta come un romanzo libertino per i nostri tempi.

L'article est consacré à la confrontation du roman de Filippo D'Angelo, La Fine dell'altro mondo (La Fin de l'autre monde), aux travaux de l'auteur consacrés à la littérature libertine d'expression française du xviie siècle. Il s'agit de montrer en quoi ce texte, en relation avec les recherches historiographiques, herméneutiques et philologiques de l'auteur, peut être en effet considéré comme un roman libertin du xxie siècle. The aim of this paper is to confront the novel by Filippo D'Angelo, La Fine dell'altro mondo (The End of the other world) to the previous research of the author devoted to the French libertine literature in the seventeenth century. We think to be able to show how the text, in relation to the historiographical, hermeneutical and philological researches of the author, may indeed be considered as a libertine novel of the twenty-first century. Lo scopo di questo articolo è di proporre un confronto tra il romanzo di Filippo D'Angelo, La Fine dell'altro mondo alle ricerche dedicate dall'autore alla letteratura libertina francese del Seicento. Si tratta di dimostrare perché, questa opera, in relazione con le ricerche storiografiche, ermeneutiche e filologiche dell'autore, può in effetti essere legitimamente letta come un romanzo libertino per i nostri tempi.

Gênes représente, avec Venise, la principale tradition de construction navale de la péninsule italienne à la fin de l’époque médiévale. Cette situation provenait de la proximité des principaux facteurs de production (demande et offre) avec les zones à même de fournir les matières premières essentielles : bois, fer et textile. À partir des sources manuscrites, principalement des actes notariés (à partir du xiie siècle), il s’est révélé possible de mettre au jour des dizaines de types d’embarcations diverses et d’explorer en profondeur les grands chantiers de construction, situés entre Gênes et Savone, et tout particulièrement à Varazze. Cet article met tout particulièrement en évidence les différences substantielles qui séparent les traditions de construction de Gênes et Venise. Together with Venice, Genoa owned the best tradition in shipbuilding in the High and Late Middle Ages. This was made possible by the proximity of demand and supply factors to the places providing most of naval munitions: wood, iron and textiles. The written sources, mostly notary acts since the 12th century, present a few dozens of different ship-types and make it possible to localize the main dockyards, which were located between Genoa and Savona, and especially in Varazze. The paper sketches also the main differences in shipbuilding between Genoa and Venice.

Contrairement à ce que l’on a longtemps affirmé, la construction navale méditerranéenne, et en particulier ligure, n’a souffert d’aucun retard technologique au cours du XVIIe siècle. Bien au contraire, elle a su chaque fois s’adapter aux exigences des donneurs d’ordre, tant publics que privés. Ceci a en particulier été le cas en ce qui concerne la construction d’embarcations préposées à une utilisation militaire, comme les galères, les galions et les vaisseaux. À partir d’une documentation archivistique et iconographique très riche, il a ainsi été possible de suggérer une nouvelle interprétation historiographique de la construction navale ligure qui s’aligne au cours du XVIIe siècle sur les stratégies technologiques d’autres marines et d’analyser en quoi cela a été le fruit de volontés individuelles et particulières, mais aussi de choix opérés au sein de la République de Gênes. In spite of what has been written for a long time, the Mediterranean shipbuilding industry, and the Ligurian one in particular, did not suffer any technological lag during the 17th century. On the contrary, it adapted itself from time to time to the purchasers’ requirements, both public and private. This is particularly the case of the building of warships such as galleys, galleons and vessels. This paper proposes a new historiographical interpretation using an extensive archival and iconographic documentation. It suggests the progressive alignment of the Ligurian shipbuilding industry to the technological strategies of the other navies during the 17th century, and shows how this happened thanks to individual private citizens’ will, but also to the choices made within the Republic of Genoa.

International audience; In this paper we draw the first lines of a novel gene-to-behaviour approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This approach is presented from behaviours and upstream to genes. We first present again our threefold -clinical, experimental and theoretical- approach to autism, the so-called E-Motion mis-sight and other temporospatial processing disorders. According to our view, subjects with ASD present from the beginning of their life different degrees of disability in processing sensory events online and in producing real-time sensory-motor adjustments and motor outputs. The environmental world is changing too fast to be processed on time by the autistic brain, leading to the primary communicative, cognitive and imitative disorders of persons with ASD, and to their secondary adaptive and compensatory strategies. Confirming this view, we present several results demonstrating that slowing down visual and auditory flows around individuals with ASD enhances their performance in imitation, verbal comprehension and facial expression recognition. Then we show that these temporospatial processing disorders are based on multisystem dissynchrony and disconnectivity (MDD), i.e., disorders in neuronal synchronization (hypo- and/or hypersynchronization) and functional connectivity (over- and/or under-connectivity) between multiple neurofunctional territories and pathways. We show that MDD is based itself on structural and functional abnormalities of the brain, and we finally relate these neuronal and synaptic abnormalities to their genetic counterparts.; Dans cet article, nous esquissons un nouveau scénario « du gène au comportement » concernant les désordres du spectre autistique (DSA). Nous examinons ce scénario en partant de la clinique et en remontant vers les gènes. Nous rappelons d'abord notre triple approche clinique, expérimentale et théorique de l'autisme « La malvoyance de l'E-Motion et autres désordres du traitement temporopatial des flux sensoriels », selon laquelle certains enfants ayant des désordres de la constellation autistique présentent depuis le début de leur vie des difficultés à traiter en ligne les événements du monde environnemental et à produire en temps réel des ajustements sensorimoteurs et moteurs. Le monde va et change top vite pour être traité en temps réel par le cerveau des personnes autistes, ce qui génère leurs désordres communicatifs, cognitifs et imitatifs ainsi que leurs stratégies compensatoires et adaptatives. Nous montrons ensuite que ces troubles du traitement temporospatial sont sous-tendus par une dysconnectivité et dyssynchronie multisystème (DDM), elle-même en rapport avec des anomalies cérébrales structurales et fonctionnelles. Pour finir, nous relions ces anomalies neuronales et synaptiques à leurs contreparties génétiques.

This paper presents a research projet for a thesis : Elaboration of a systemic model of urban sustainability. The example of daily mobility in Nice and Genoa areas in respect for a international comparison (dir. A. Dauphiné, Nice-Sophia Antipolis University and G. Rabino, Polytechnic of Milan)., Il s’agit ici de présenter un projet de recherche dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat intitulée : Élaboration d’un modèle systémique d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine. Le cas de la mobilité quotidienne à Nice et à Gênes dans une comparaison internationale, sous la direction d’André Dauphiné (Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis) et de Giovanni Rabino (Polytechnique de Milan)., Fusco Giovanni. L’évaluation "pragmatique" de la durabilité de la mobilité urbaine. In: Cahiers Nantais, n°60, 2003. Transports, environnement et pratiques territoriales. pp. 167-169.

In this paper, we confirmed that retinoic acid is an antiestrogenic compound with respect to different chimaeric estrogenic responses and with respect to different cellular types. This was shown by transient transfection of MCF-7 cells with plasmids driving the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase gene via different estrogenic regulatory part (pS2) and the first promotor of the progesterone receptor gene (PR1); an identical conclusion was obtained in HeLa cells by cotransfecting a plasmid expressing the estrogen receptor. In addition, the inhibitory effect of retinoic acid was not observed for genes regulated by the progesterone receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. As the antiestrogenic effect of retinoic acid was increased by cotransfecting acid receptor(s) RAR alpha, beta, gamma, we concluded that RAR(s) is(are) involved in the antiestrogenic effect of retinoic acid.

This paper gives the most important results of the collective dose received by patients who undergoing diagnostic radiology examinations in France in 1982. It details, per each X-ray examination type, the collective organ dose associated with, and highlights the importance of the radiological procedures (number of X-ray films, fluoroscopy screening time) on the received patient doses. If one takes into account organs for which dosimetric measurements have been carried out, the collective effective dose equivalent per 10(6) inhabitants is 442 man-Sievert; the genetically significant dose reaches 0.295 mSv and finally the collective red bone marrow dose due to 45 million X-ray exams practiced in France (1982) is 40,300 man-Sievert i.e. 0.742 mSv. per inhabitant.

This paper reviews recent data on the adenylate cyclase system of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since the discovery of yeast adenylate cyclase mutants and the possibility of molecular biological analysis, adenylate cyclase and the subsequent steps in the cAMP cascade have become subject of intense investigation. CYR1, the structural gene for the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit is necessary for cell division and in diploid cells is involved in the choice between sporulation and cell division. The cell division cycle in yeast is initiated by a step called START, which has been defined by mutations causing an arrest of the cells in an unbudded state. One class of mutation causes the cell to arrest at the same stage of the cell division cycle as the pheromone implicated in conjugation. A second class causes cells to cease growth in a different manner, but one which is similar to the arrest brought about by nutient deprivation. The adenylate cyclase gene belongs to the second class and has been identified as CDC35. Two genes of the first class have been cloned and sequenced. CDC28 codes for a kinase which has homology with the src proto-oncogene family. CDC36 is partly homologous with the oncogene ets. Two genes related to the ras oncogene family have also been implicated in the control of START. START can be dissociated in two subsequent phases, the first being controlled by the AMPc system and the second including proto-oncogenes. A model in which cAMP is a positive indicator of available nutrients such as nitrogen has been constructed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)