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The paper aims to highlight how the European Court of Justice positively influenced the rules of the Romanian law, relating to the union's freedom and the right to strike of the civil servants. In the paper there are presented the main conclusions of the Court on thematic categories of litigation. It stresses on the fact that the example of social relations in the European Union has helped the Romanian legislature to draw up the texts closer to the practical needs, that are related to the public and union's freedom, without going through the long periods of testing the texts in social practice, which would have led to the same issues that have arisen in the practice of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europe, an ambiguous word. Europe with its geographical meaning or the political Europe; the Europe of the European Council or the European Union? The truth is that present-days Europe has gone beyond its geographical meaning and left instead the political Europe. There is a union of values. This vision of Europe has been and still is the objective of the two major organizations: the Council of Europe, later on of the European Union, which has individually created its "own Europe" with several common elements. Why is the right to life at the centre of our study? This represents an important part of human rights and constitutes itself as a nucleus of these rights. They are called fundamental rights, are applicable to all people, under any circumstances and in any location: they cannot be subjected to any limitations or restrictions. Article 2, integrated among the most important articles of the European Convention consecrates one of the essential values of the democratic societies. This paper analyses the area of application of Article 2 of the European Convention and some aspects of the right to life and its application that have proved problematic, such as the abortion issue or the involuntary death. This paper is trying to clarify these dilemmas and to determine whether they fall under the application of Article 2 of the Convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without radically upsetting the institutional and political balance of the Union, the Commission's White Paper on Governance, published 25 July 2001, proposes a new basis for the EU's institutional legitimacy. However, this conceptual re-foundation gives rise to new and fundamental questions. To speak of governance within democracy is indeed unthinkable unless 'governance' is redefined as a form of government where the legitimacy of public action (as well as its efficiency) is made possible by a 'proceduralisation' of law. The failure to promote legitimacy with concepts borrowed from the vocabulary of the nation-state is nevertheless puzzling: should the 'participatory democracy' be considered a substitute for representative democracy? Even if this is not the case, it is uncertain whether 'participatory democracy' sufficiently embodies the democratic ideal, at least at the European Union level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the making of the euro and the monetary frontiers of the euro zone, not overlapping with those of the European Union. At the very start of the monetary union, the dimension of the euro zone has been determined by the interplay of institutional and political pressures. After the last enlargement, only four small economies have managed to enter the euro. The present economic crisis has delayed the accession programmes of some new Member States. The central and eastern European countries are thus trying to ground their application on political criteria rather than on institutional ones. However the European Council has not given any positive answer to these claims. In the future the absorption of new members into the euro zone will be based on conditionality and adaptation of the structures of the monetary union, as it has to deal with a higher number of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Swiss Political Science Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Études Comparatives Est-Ouest is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on European climate policies. It discusses the European Union (EU) and its influence as a global ecological leader and its adoption of the paquet climat-energie, or European plan on climate change, in 2009, which includes reducing 20% of greenhouse gases by 2020. It discusses norms and technological standards imposed upon manufacturers wanting to sell their products on the European market and implementations in the European carbon market based on the Kyoto protocol to determine the price of carbon dioxide emitted by industries. Further topics include the European Commission, the 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Durban, South Africa, and the future of climate policies in Europe.

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Book reviewed in this articles: Politique sociale, développement et Etat providence Stiglitz, Joseph E. Making globalization work. Vij, Ritu (sous la direction de). Globalization and welfare: A critical reader. Deacon, Bob. Global social policy and governance. Castles, Francis G. (sous la direction de). The disappearing State? Retrenchment realities in an age of globalisation. Carr, Fergus; Massey, Andrew (sous la direction de). Public policy and the new European agendas. Faverel-Dapas, Brigitte; Quintin, Odile. L'Europe sociale. Van Langendonck, Jef (sous la direction de). The right to social security. Riedel, Eibe (sous la direction de). Social security as a human right: Drafting a general comment on Article 9 ICESCR: Some challenges. Fitzpatrick, Pamela; Ripley, Fiona; Singh, Anne. Migration and social security handbook: A rights guide for people entering and leaving the UK. Berkel, Rik van; Valkenburg, Ben. Making it personal: Individualising activation services in the EU. Serrano Pascual, Amparo; Magnusson, Lars (sous la direction de). Reshaping welfare states and activation regimes in Europe. Sinn, Hans-Werner, et al. Redesigning the welfare state: Germany's current agenda for an activating social assistance. Marston, Greg; McDonald, Catherine (sous la direction de). Analysing social policy: A governmental approach. Wallace, Mike; Fertig, Michael; Schneller, Eugene (sous la direction de). Managing change in the public services. Riesco, Manuel (sous la direction de). Latin America: A new developmental welfare state model in the making? Krömmelbein, Silvia; et al. Einstellungen zum Sozialstaat: Repräsentative Querschnittsuntersuchung zu grundsätzlichen gesundheits- und sozialpolitischen Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung. Dobner, Petra. Neue soziale Frage und Sozialpolitik. Travail, revenus, famille, exclusion Spicker, Paul. The idea of poverty. Lang, Kevin. Poverty and discrimination. Marx, Ive. A new social question? On minimum income protection in the post-industrial era. Bischoff, Joachim. Allgemeines Grundeinkommen: Fundament für soziale Sicherheit? Leisering, Lutz; Buhr, Petra; Traiser-Diop, Ute. Soziale Grundsicherung in der Weltgesellschaft: Monetäre Mindestsicherungs-systeme in den Ländern des Südens und des Nordens: Weltweiter Survey und theoretische Verortung. Stähler, Nikolai. Employment protection and unemployment: A theoretical analysis evaluating recent policy proposals. Kemp, Peter A. (sous la direction de). Housing allowances in comparative perspective. Problèmes de l'âge Pension funds investment perspectives. Immergut, Ellen M.; Anderson, Karen M.; Schulze, Isabelle (sous la direction de). The handbook of West European pension politics. Questions de santé Dussault, Gilles; Fournier, Pierre; Letourmy, Alain (sous la direction de). L'assurance maladie en Afrique francophone: améliorer l'accès aux soins et lutter contre la pauvreté. Beau, Pascal. Lettre ouverte au Ministre de la santé. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]