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In this paper, we develop a new method of identification of complex prepositions, in French. We include well-known semantic and morpho-syntactic tests, and introduce a few others – together, these tests make up a multi-variable grid which we believe can help identify complex prepositions. We run these tests on a list of 75 sequences, most of which are considered to be complex adpositions. We also include sequences which share the same patterns of word formation but do not have prepositional uses, in order to check the validity of our grid. Our results show that the semantic and morpho-syntactic clues used to identify complex adpositions, combined with corpus data exploration, are on the whole quite effective, but to varying degrees depending on the pattern of formation.

This paper examines the evolution of labor market gender gaps during the Great Recession in Europe. We focus on participation, employment, part-time, and unemployment gender gaps, and estimate fixed effects models that incorporate social, economic and institutional features of 14 European Union member states from 2003 to 2013. Our results indicate that gender gaps decreased during that time span, particularly during the recession years. Economic growth seems to foster gender inequalities, while more employment in the service sector or in the public sector tends to lower gender gaps. Labor market institutions, such as unionization and minimum wage policies, as well as employment protection for regular contracts, tend to narrow employment inequalities between female and male workers, whereas product market regulation increases gender gaps in participation and employment. Cet article étudie l’évolution des inégalités de genre sur le marché du travail pendant la Grande Récession en Europe. Nous nous concentrons sur les écarts de genre en matière de taux d’activité, d’emploi, de temps partiel et de chômage, et estimons des modèles à effets fixes qui tiennent compte des caractéristiques sociales, économiques et institutionnelles de 14 pays de l’Union Européenne, entre 2003 et 2013. Nos résultats indiquent que les inégalités de genre ont diminué au cours de cette période, en particulier pendant les années de récession. La croissance économique semble accentuer les inégalités entre femmes et hommes, tandis que la proportion d’emploi dans le secteur des services ou le secteur public les diminue. Les institutions du marché du travail, telles que la couverture syndicale, les politiques en matière de salaire minimum, ou encore la protection de l’emploi permanent, réduisent les inégalités d’emploi entre femmes et hommes, alors que la régulation sur le marché du produit augmente les écarts de genre en termes de participation et d’emploi. Este artículo estudia la evolución de las desigualdades de género en el mercado de trabajo durante la Gran Recesión en Europa. Vamos a concentrarnos en las diferencias de género en materia de tasas de actividad, de empleo, de tiempo parcial y de desempleo y estimamos modelos con impactos fijos; tomando en cuenta las características sociales, económicas e institucionales de 14 países de la Unión Europea, entre 2003 y 2013. Nuestros resultados indican que las desigualdades de género han disminuido durante este período, y en particular durante los años de recesión. El crecimiento económico parece acentuar las desigualdades entre varones y mujeres, mientras que la proporción de empleo en el sector de los servicios y en el sector público tiende a disminuirlas. Las instituciones del mercado de trabajo, tales como la protección de los sindicatos, las políticas en materia de salarios mínimos, o incluso la protección del empleo permanente, reducen la desigualdad del empleo entre mujeres y varones, mientras que la regulación sobre el mercado de productos aumenta las desigualdades de género en términos de participación en el empleo.

In this paper, we analyze the criteria used to design a computer simulator for learning mathematics in the classroom. Although simulators are used in many professional fields to minimize risk and accelerate the process of gaining experience, few simulators are available for the purposes of teacher training. Therein we see an opportunity to introduce the use of a simulator into the confines of in-class training and, in so doing, facilitate interactions between theory and practice. To determine the design criteria for the simulator, we look at the benefits and risks of using technologies for training purposes as well as two theoretical frameworks that help us characterize technology-based teaching practices. We continue by showing how these criteria factored into the design of our in-class computer simulator. Finally, we discuss the possibilities for the development of other software programs.

The paper will focus on the identification of several key criteria in e-discourses via the constitution of e-images of the Anonymous arising from e-medias (Facebook, twitter, Snapchat, WeChat, etc.) with a specific focus on youngsters and their (ab)uses of these communication channels to facilitate digital predation, and so to lead to e-victimization. I will explain the specifics of e-victimization discourse taking into consideration its triadic dimension. I will then be able to conceptualize a dominant e-communication and the e-victimization theory around central ideas of dynamics of violence, gender discrimination and power abuse leading to a semio-sphere with a deep focus on anonymity, exposure, frequency, and insecurity as indicators of collective e-delinquency and proneness to e-victimization.

International audience; Roman Jakobson and Claude Lévi-Strauss met in New York in 1942 and soon started a collaboration and a written correspondence that went on as long as 1982. Both the National Library of France and the Institute Archives and Special Collections of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology keep the correponding letters, about 160 of which were published in 2018. This paper aims at publishing thirty-four new letters that are presented in their respective contexts. These unpublished exchanges bring new insights into Jakobson and Lévi-Strauss' works and collaboration.

Building on the literature about high-growth firms, leadership, creativity, and routine, this paper examines the role of leadership in the emergence and maintenance of hypergrowth. Three propositions are put forward: (i) the leader’s traits play a central role in the growth process; (ii) the leader uses two styles of leadership; and (iii) the leader balances creativity and routine to maintain hypergrowth. Content analysis is carried out with forty-two interviews with TMT members of hypergrowth small businesses. Findings suggest that creativity and routine are closely intertwined in leaders’ minds and behaviors. Both transformational and transactional leadership styles are mobilized by leaders to promote phases of creativity and phases of routine, in order to maintain growth.

The paper discusses six examples of "indulgence with the truth" in some recent translations in the fields of literature (Lewis Carrol, Jose Carlos Somoza), film (the "Fawlty Towers" series translated into Spanish), mass communication ("Eurodiagnostic"), Bible "inclusive" translation and a case of legal translation. The author aims to show that, perhaps, such translator’s inventions, manipulations or distortions of the original texts are currently more frequent in the so called Post-truth era than they used to be in the past. Le présent article analyse six exemples de traduction récents qui relèvent des domaines de la littérature, du film, des mass-média et de la traduction assermentée. Les trois premiers sont relativement anodins, en commençant par l’invention d’une citation inexistante de Lewis Carroll, l’ajout de propos qu’un auteur (Jose Carlos Somoza) n’as jamais écrits, en passant par des cas de manipulation délibérée dans le doublage de la série télévisée Fawlty Towers et dans le magazine bilingue "Eurodiagnostic", pour aboutir à la distorsion flagrante de la vérité dans la traduction de la Bible. L’auteur soutient que dans l’époque actuelle, appelée par certains celle de la "post-vérité", de pareils cas sont de plus en plus nombreux

The interest on the use of renewable energy resources is increasing, especially wind and hydro powers. To this aim, fuzzy control techniques represent viable strategies that can be employed for this purpose, thanks to the features of these nonlinear dynamic processes working over a wide range of operating conditions, driven by stochastic inputs, excitations and disturbances. Based on past investigations carried out by the authors about the control of wind turbines and hydroelectric power plants, this paper provides some guidelines on the design and application of the control strategies suitable to these energy conversion systems. The working conditions of these energy conversion systems are also taken into account to highlight the reliability and robustness characteristics of the developed control strategies.

En un artículo anterior hemos procedido al análisis del K. al-Tawārīḫ, en curso de publicación. Aquí, como anunciamos, damos cuenta de la multiplicidad de fuentes utilizadas en esta empresa de carácter enciclopédico, como lo hiciéramos para otra obra del mismo autor. Al tratarse de una obra científica e histórica, y no filosófica y teológica, los resultados de la investigación revelan una erudición más que considerable por parte del autor, quien, de facto, es un gran representante de la edad de oro de la literatura copto-árabe medieval., In a previous paper, we have analyzed the K. al-Tawarih in progress of publication. As announced, here we give account of the multiplicity of sources used in that undertaking with encyclopedic character, as done before with another work of the autor. Being a scientific and historical work, not philosophical and theological, the results of this research reveal a much higher level of erudition by the author, who is in fact a great representative of the Golden Age of the medieval Coptic-Arabic literature.

A recent paper shows that cancer patients using complementary therapies in addition to conventional treatment have distinctly worse outcomes. Analysis of the data shows that they are much more likely to refuse one component of conventional treatment: this explains the negative effects of recourse to complementary approaches and underlines the need for great caution in approving their use while ensuring correct adherence to the anti-tumour treatment.

International audience; Decreasing electricity consumption is a major challenge of our society. Eco-feedback methods allow users to get information about their electricity consumption to reduce it. However it is still difficult to determine what are the actions that impact the consumption in practice. In this paper we suggest to apply a What if approach to eco-feedback in a household context. We deploy the Activelec system in personal housings, which allows to apply virtual modifications in appliances usage and to evaluate the savings realized. The results of our experimentation show that participants appreciated the interaction method based on the What if. It allowed them to find and to evaluate efficient modifications in their appliances usage, and several have been applied in practice by the participants. This experimentation shows that the What if paradigm is a potential way for eco-feedback technologies.; Réduire la consommation d’électricité est un enjeu majeur de notre société. Les méthodes eco-feedback permettent aux utilisateurs d’obtenir un retour sur leur consommation d’électricité afin de la diminuer. Toutefois, il est toujours difficile de déterminer concrètement quelles actions impactent la consommation. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’appliquer une méthode What if à l’eco-feedback en contexte domestique. Nous déployons le système Activelec dans des logements personnels, qui permet d’appliquer des changements virtuels dans l’utilisation des appareils et d’évaluer les économies réalisées. Les résultats de notre expérimentation montrent que les participants ont apprécié la méthode d’interaction basée sur le What if. Celle-ci leur a permis de trouver et d’évaluer des modifications efficaces dans l’utilisation de leurs appareils, et certaines ont été appliquées en pratique par les participants. Cette expérimentation montre que le paradigme What if est une piste potentielle pour les technologies eco-feedback.

Pour situer Petits Chaperons de José Luis Zárate dans le débat autour du rapport génologique, voire généalogique, de la microfiction au conte, l'article présente et discute l'œuvre à trois niveaux. Premièrement, celui du statut interlinguistique et intermédial qui préside à sa production et publication. Deuxièmement, sur le plan de la forme narrative et intertextuelle, on examine l'impact de la série microfictionnelle sur la syntagmatique narrative et l'unité diégétique du conte, en particulier les métamorphoses subies par le temps au sein de chaque micronouvelle (comprimé en un “récit sans narrativité”) ainsi que dans leur rapport les unes aux autres (absence de chrono-logie). Troisièmement, nous analysons les figures d'un lien intertextuel spécifique, appelé transfictionnalité, situé au niveau du contenu diégétique et thématique, où la connexion des microfictions au conte s'établit par partage d'éléments fictifs. In order to locate Petits Chaperons de José Luis Zárate in the debate about the genre relations between microfiction and short story, this paper features and discusses Zárate's work at three levels. Firstly, the interlinguistic and intermedial status that presides over its production and publishing. Secondly, we examine on the intertextual field the impact of the microfictional series onto the narrative syntagmatics and the diegetic unity of the short story, particularly changes undertaken by time within every microfiction (compressed into a “narrative without narrativity”) and within the overall set as well (no chrono-logics). Thirdly, we look into the operations of a specific intertextual link, called transfictionality, located in the diegetic contents where the connection between microfiction and short story is studied within the frame of the fictional and thematic unity of the microfictional series.

Introduction Several regions in Canada have recently experienced sharp increases in opioid overdoses and related hospitalizations and deaths. This paper describes opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder in Canada from 1990 to 2014 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Methods We used data from the GBD study to describe temporal trends (1990–2014) in opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder using common metrics: disability-adjusted life years (DALY), deaths, years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). We also compared age-standardized YLL and DALY rates per 100 000 population between Canada, the USA and other regions. Results The age-standardized opioid-related DALY rate in Canada was 355.5 per 100 000 population in 2014, which was higher than the global rate of 193.2, but lower than the rate of 767.9 in the United States. Between 1990 and 2014, the age-standardized opioid-related YLL rate in Canada increased by 142.2%, while globally this rate decreased by 10.1%. In comparison with YLL, YLD accounted for a larger proportion of the overall opioid-related burden across all age groups. Health loss was greater for males than females, and highest among those aged 25 to 29 years. Conclusion The health burden associated with opioid-related mortality and disability from opioid use disorder in Canada is significant and has increased dramatically from 1990 to 2014. These data point to a need for public health action including enhanced monitoring of a range of opioid-related harms.

Nous rapportons un cas de péritonite chyleuse (PC) médicamenteuse secondaire à la lercanidipine survenant chez un patient en dialyse péritonéale continue ambulatoire (DPCA). Il s’agit d’un homme de 22 ans ayant une insuffisance rénale chronique sur néphropathie indéterminée traitée par DPCA. Le patient a présenté un liquide de drainage trouble au démarrage de la dialyse péritonéale (DP). L’arrêt de la lercanidipine a permis un éclaircissement du dialysat effluent sans récidive. La PC médicamenteuse secondaire à la lercanidipine est une complication rare en DP. C’est une forme bénigne de péritonite non infectieuse qui prête souvent à confusion avec les péritonites infectieuses. Les causes les plus fréquentes des PC sont infectieuses, obstructives et les néoplasies abdominales. Dans cet article nous discutons les étiologies des PC, de la physiopathologie et de la conduite diagnostique à tenir devant une PC secondaire à la lercanidipine. Abstract We report a case of lercanidipin-induced chylous peritonitis (CP) occurring in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), a 22-year-old male with chronic renal failure with indeterminate nephropathy.. The patient presented a turbid drainage fluid at the start of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The chyloperitoneum resolved after stopping lercanidipin without recurrence. Lercanidipin induced-chyloperitoneum is a rare complication in PD. It is a benign form of non-infectious peritonitis that can be confused with an infectious peritonitis. The most common causes of CP are infectious, obstructive and abdominal malignancy. This paper discusses the possible causes of CP, the physiopathology and the management of lercanidipin-induced chyloperitoneum., Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile, Vol. 1 No 1 (2018): Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile

In this paper, we present a framework to evaluate the human correction of a speaker diarization. We propose four elementary actions to correct the diarization and an automaton to simulate the correction sequence. A metric is described to evaluate the correction cost. The framework is evaluated using French broadcast news drawn from the REPERE corpus., Dans cet article, nous présentons un simulateur dédié à l'évaluation des corrections humaines sur la tâche de Segmentation et Regroupement en Locuteurs (SRL). Nous proposons quatre actions élémentaires afin de corriger une SRL et un automate pour simuler la séquence de corrections. Une mesure est proposée pour évaluer le coût de correction. Le simulateur est évalué en utilisant des émissions françaises d'information tirées du corpus REPERE.

Le statut acido-basique des patients en dialyse péritonéale est influencé par de multiples facteurs. L’acidose métabolique est une anomalie fréquente dans l’insuffisance rénale chronique et le traitement dialytique permet d’apporter des substances alcalines permettant le maintien d’une balance acide-base normale. Le présent travail rapporte la prévalence des troubles acido-basiques chez les patients en dialyse péritonéale et leurs associations avec les paramètres cliniques et biologiques. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective transversale ayant inclus l’ensemble des patients en DP enregistrés dans la base de données du RDPLF. Une acidose métabolique est retrouvée chez 20,4% des patients alors que 27,8% des patients présentaient une alcalose métabolique. Il existe une relation significative entre l’âge, l’apport protidique estimé par le nPNA et le taux de la réserve alcaline plaidant en faveur de l’influence des apports alimentaires dans le maintien d’une acidose métabolique. Une fonction rénale résiduelle faible est associée à une plus faible probabilité d’être en alcalose métabolique. Les résultats de cette étude pourraient permettre un choix individualisé du tampon du dialysat dans le but d’obtenir en permanence un statut acido-basique stable chez les patients en dialyse péritonéale. Abstract Acid-base status of patients on peritoneal dialysis is influenced by multiple factors. Metabolic acidosis is a common feature of chronic renal failure and dialysis treatment provides alkali in the dialysate in order to maintain a normal acid-base balance. This paper reports the prevalence of acid-base disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients and their associations with clinical and laboratory parameters. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that included all PD patients registered in the RDPLF database. Metabolic acidosis was found in 20.4% of patients while 27.8% of patients had metabolic alkalosis. There is a significant relationship between age, protein intake estimated by nPNA and the level of alkaline reserve pleading in favor of the influence of dietary intakes in the maintenance of metabolic acidosis. Low residual renal function is associated with a lower probability of being in metabolic alkalosis. These results could allow an individual choice of the dialysate buffer in order to permanently obtain stable acid-base status in patients on peritoneal dialysis., Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile, Vol. 1 No 1 (2018): Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile

First Nations/Métis populations develop diabetes earlier and at higher rates than other Canadians. The Canadian diabetes risk questionnaire (CANRISK) was developed as a diabetes screening tool for Canadians aged 40 years or over. The primary aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the existing CANRISK tool and risk scores in detecting dysglycemia in First Nations/Métis participants, including among those under the age of 40. A secondary aim was to determine whether alternative waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) cut-off points improved the predictive ability of logistic regression models using CANRISK variables to predict dysglycemia.Information from a self-administered CANRISK questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and results of a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were collected from First Nations and Métis participants (n = 1479). Sensitivity and specificity of CANRISK scores using published risk score cut-off points were calculated. Logistic regression was conducted with alternative ethnicity-specific BMI and WC cut-off points to predict dysglycemia using CANRISK variables.Compared with OGTT results, using a CANRISK score cut-off point of 33, the sensitivity and specificity of CANRISK was 68% and 63% among individuals aged 40 or over; it was 27% and 87%, respectively among those under 40. Using a lower cut-off point of 21, the sensitivity for individuals under 40 improved to 77% with a specificity of 44%. Though specificity at this threshold was low, the higher level of sensitivity reflects the importance of the identification of high risk individuals in this population. Despite altered cut-off points of BMI and WC, logistic regression models demonstrated similar predictive ability.CANRISK functioned well as a preliminary step for diabetes screening in a broad age range of First Nations and Métis in Canada, with an adjusted CANRISK cutoff point for individuals under 40, and with no incremental improvement from using alternative BMI/WC cut-off points.Le diabète touche en plus grande proportion et à un plus jeune âge la population des Premières Nations et des Métis que le reste de la population canadienne. Cet article vise principalement à évaluer l’efficacité et les scores de risque de CANRISK (Questionnaire canadien sur le risque de diabète, un outil de dépistage du diabète destiné aux Canadiens de 40 ans et plus) pour détecter la dysglycémie chez les participants issus des Premières Nations et d’origine métisse en incluant les moins de 40 ans. L’objectif secondaire de cette étude est de déterminer si une modification des seuils relatifs au tour de taille (TT) et à l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) améliore la valeur prédictive de modèles de régression logistique lorsque les variables du questionnaire CANRISK sont utilisées pour prédire la dysglycémie.Nous avons recueilli auprès de 1479 participants métis et des Premières Nations des données provenant d’un questionnaire CANRISK autoadministré, de mesures anthropométriques et de résultats d’épreuve standard d’hyperglycémie provoquée par voie orale (HGPO). Nous avons calculé la sensibilité et la spécificité des scores CANRISK en appliquant les seuils usuels de classification des risques. Une régression logistique a été effectuée en utilisant des seuils tenant compte de l’origine ethnique pour l’IMC et le TT pour prédire la dysglycémie à l’aide des variables CANRISK.Appliqué aux résultats de l’épreuve d’HGPO, le score seuil CANRISK à 33 points a conduit à une sensibilité et une spécificité de l’outil CANRISK de respectivement 68 % et 63 % chez les 40 ans et plus, et de respectivement 27 % et 87 % chez les moins de 40 ans. L’utilisation d’un seuil inférieur, à 21 points, a fait monter à 77 % la sensibilité chez les moins de 40 ans, avec une spécificité de 44 %. Malgré la faible spécificité correspondant à ce seuil, l’augmentation de la sensibilité montre son importance à identifier les personnes à risque au sein de cette population. Après modification des seuils d’IMC et de TT, les modèles de régression logistique ont présenté une valeur prédictive comparable.L’utilisation du questionnaire CANRISK s’est révélée efficace comme première étape de dépistage du diabète chez les membres des Premières Nations et les Métis d’un large éventail d’âge au Canada, dans la mesure où le seuil CANRISK a été adapté aux moins de 40 ans, et sans que l’on constate d’amélioration différentielle en modifiant les seuils d’IMC et de TT.

International audience; Simultaneous interpreting in the context of mental health care for migrants faces several political issues, which result in questioning such professional practices towards patients whose mental suffering is often related to the experience ofexile. Consultation sessions with migrants represent a challenge for interpreters as well. These professionals are required to position themselves in a caring relationship, while dealing with mental health professionals’ expectations together with employers’ directives, which may overlap and contradict each other. Through the prism of interpretation, the paper aims at examining the social, moral and spatial division of labour in migrants’ care, namely in the context of mental health services. The presentation is based on two separate field-works, in the cities of Rennes and Strasbourg: both regional capitals are marked by recent significant changes in migration flows and have been considered for experimenting innovative practices in promoting simultaneous interpretation in the context of mental health care.; L’interprétariat dans la prise en charge des migrants en santé mentale est inséré dans de nombreux enjeux politiques qui interpellent les pratiques des professionnels à l’égard d’une patientèle dont souffrances psychiques et conditions de l’exil sont souvent entremêlées. Les consultations mettent également à l’épreuve les interprètes qui doivent se situer dans une relation de soin complexe, alors même qu’ils peuvent se retrouver face à des exigences contradictoires entre les attentes des professionnels de santé mentale et les prescriptions des associations qui les emploient. À travers le prisme de l’interprétariat, l’article interroge les divisions sociale, morale et spatiale du travail dans la prise en charge des migrants en santé mentale. Il s’appuie sur deux terrains d’enquête à Rennes et à Strasbourg, deux capitales régionales marquées par une évolution des flux migratoires, et comptant des initiatives importantes en matière de promotion de l’interprétariat professionnel.

International audience; This paper examines the specific impacts of market-oriented coopetition on product commercial performance. Indeed, most contributions have focused on technology-driven coopetition with cooperation on activities that are far from the market (e.g., production, R & D), whereas most coopetitive agreements involve market-oriented coopetition in which the cooperation arises in activities that are close to the market (e.g., marketing, distribution). We first present the specificities of market-oriented coopetition and distinguish horizontal and vertical market-oriented coopetition. We then focus on the performance implications of market-oriented coopetition. Building on social network exchange theory, we elaborate a theoretical framework detailing the mechanisms through which market-oriented coopetition affects product commercial performance. Using a database from the real estate brokerage industry, we validate our hypotheses that horizontal market-oriented coopetition enhances product commercial performance compared to competition, whereas vertical market-oriented coopetition does not. Furthermore, we highlight the existence of a learning effect for horizontal market-oriented coopetition. This research contributes to coopetition theory by defining market-oriented coopetition and studying its performance implications.

Eugène Fromentin belongs to those outstanding artists who achieved successes in both painting and literature. In his epoch, he was greatly successful thanks to his paintings depicting Algerian nature and customs of that country. A talented writer, fascinated with orientalism, he travelled to Algeria and Egypt in order to search for invigorating impulses for his own imagination, to exploit them artistically and imaginatively as a vast space of sundry possibilities. From his travels to the East, Fromentin brought with him paintings being expressions of his solitary disposition and ‘supplemented’ his painting achievements in his unique way by publishing three travel diaries, A Summer in the Sahara (1857), A Year in Sahel (1859) and Notes from the Journey to Egypt (1881). In the preface to his second travel book he wrote that the objective of his ‘orientalising’ writing was not to restate the painting impressions but to express those feelings that only words can express. In our paper we want to show Fromentin as a painter, writer, traveller, art critic, a man of many talents, undeservedly forgotten, for whom painting was an impulse for creating multidimensional works. Eugène Fromentin należy do tych wyjątkowych artystów, którzy odnieśli sukcesy w malarstwie i w literaturze. W swojej epoce odniósł duży sukces dzięki obrazom przedstawiającym algierską przyrodę i obyczaje tego kraju. Utalentowany pisarz, zafascynowany orientalizmem, podróżował do Algierii i Egiptu, by szukać ożywczych impulsów dla własnej wyobraźni, eksploatować go artystycznie i wyobrażeniowo jako rozległą przestrzeń wszelkich możliwości. Przywożąc ze swych podróży na Wschód obrazy będące wyrazem jego samotniczego usposobienia, Fromentin „uzupełnił” we właściwy sobie sposób swe dokonania malarskie, publikując trzy dzienniki podróży: Lato na Saharze (1857), Rok w Sahelu (1859) i Notatki z podróży do Egiptu (1881). W przedmowie do wydania swej drugiej książki podróżniczej, napisał, że celem jego pisarstwa „orientalizującego” nie jest powtarzanie wrażeń malarskich, ale wyrażenie tych odczuć, które może wyrazić wyłącznie słowo. W naszym artykule chcemy pokazać Fromentina jako malarza, pisarza, podróżnika, krytyka sztuki, człowieka wielu talentów, niesłusznie zapomnianego, dla którego malarstwo było impulsem do stworzenia dzieła wielowymiarowego.

International audience; In ancient onomastics, animal names were sometime used as personal names and are good examples of complex interrelations between languages. Such is the name Goras, found in Greek and Latin inscriptions of the Roman Near and of Iran. It can be a transcription of a Semitic animal name with the meaning "Young Lion" or of at least two Iranian animal names "Boar" or "Wild Ass". The paper focuses as well on related names to show interplay between cultures and languages.

This research explores the political dimension of sonic environments within public space, with special attention on marginal stakeholders and their sonic behaviour. The aim is to investigate how public policies can relate to issues around the sonic environment and, more generally, how institutions can deal with social conflicts originated by a plurality of sonic perceptions. In order to do so, the paper presents the outcomes of field research developed in Grenoble in 2015, focusing on the “sonic deterritorialisation” of groups of homeless people in the inner city. The case study shows how certain kinds of everyday practices shape and affect sonic and public space and, in particular, the way in which sonic traces reveal social conflict. Homeless people’s occupation of public space often involves a sonic challenge to the status quo, which pits marginal stakeholders, citizens, and city users against one another – reflecting the necessity to establish new forms of coexistence. “Sonic marginality” is thus the consequence of a lack of understanding. It constitutes a ground upon which a new sonic acknowledgment of “otherness” might develop, and points up the necessary role of sonic studies in better implementing political awareness, and to propose innovative resolutions for social conflict.

"An eloquent silence : the narration and the fantastic in Fragoletta, La Vénus d’Ille and Lokis" The paper analyses three works having employed a similar narrative strategy which triggers tension between the explicable and inexplicable and an interpretative crisis that allows a fantastic reading of the fictional text. This strategy is related to the paradoxical statute of the narrator due to which the reader is faced with an incomplete elliptic account because of the former’s reluctance (or impossibility) to offer a definite interpretation of the events.

International audience; The development of a network centered life has increased overall data rates in core networks. Thus, data centers face the challenge to provide always more services at higher data rates while reacting quickly to complex failures and more powerful attacks thanks to efficient network forensics. Moreover, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) becomes a standard which offers agility but also requires forensic devices able to handle multiple configurations. Although conventional software probes are programmable and thus agile, they cannot support high data rate packet processing any more. Probes could benefit from Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) to cope with high data rates, but ASICs development time of many months makes them unable to satisfy agility requirements. With reconfiguration ability and high throughput processing without packet loss, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are the key technology chosen by some companies, such as Microsoft, Amazon and OVH, to be integrated into smart Network Interface Cards (NIC). Nevertheless, while high performance criteria is fulfilled, current FPGA probes benefit from an agility still limited to their conventional firmware upgrades which require proprietary tools and hardware-design time and knowledge. This paper proposes the first solution to offer FPGA probes with runtime agility thanks to a flexible packet parser which can be parameterized continuously by a software, endorsing complex tasks and SDN control. This allows a live adaptation of protocol processings from computer host alongside handling packets at line rate without data loss. The proposed parser is open-source and easily usable by network engineers through a Python software API. Benchmark results illustrate the performance of the agile high-level probe implemented on a NetFPGA SUME board, with XC7VX690T FPGA. 60 millions of 64-byte packets are counted based on features provided at runtime. These are selected by the software part, allowing the detection of different volumetric attacks within a few tens of microseconds. This represents a 40 Gb/s traffic of smallest Ethernet packets with no packet loss. With adequate boards, the generic design of the probe offers 160 Gb/s data rates and beyond on modern hardware, assuring probe scalability.

Vibration-free cryogenic sorption refrigerator was proposed for the Mid-infrared E-ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) instrument in the European Extremely Large Telescope. Sorption compressor is the most important part in the refrigerator due to its dominate size, cost and complexity. Generally, gas-gap heat switches are applied for efficiency consideration which is particularly essential for space applications. In METIS refrigerator as a terrestrial application, low input powers, however, should not be the major concern, whereas complexity and costs become more important as high refrigeration powers and thus large numbers of sorption cells are required. To reduce these, we developed an alternative switchless sorption-compressor design. This paper presents the theoretical design of the switchless METIS sorption compressors, including the comparison between the designs with and without heat switches. Based on the switchless design, critical parameters for the METIS sorption compressors are determined to enable further development such as mechanical design, fabrication and experimental demonstration.

International audience; With the popularity of smart phones and tablets, people make intensive use of these devices on public transport. The deployment of mobile relays on public transport may increase the quality of mobile services. The objective of this paper is to study the performance of cellular networks when mobile relays are deployed in public transport vehicles. We consider two modes: in the FDD mobile relay mode, the same spectrum is reused for all links while in the TDD/FDD hybrid mode, a small part of the spectrum is dedicated to the access link between the terminals inside a transport vehicle and the mobile relay. We provide a general analytical model for the two mobile relay modes by using the stochastic geometry approach. Key metrics like the CDF of the SINR and the CDF of the end-to-end rate are computed. Furthermore, the cell total average rate and the energy efficiency in different modes are evaluated. It has been found that penetration loss is a factor that determines how much gain mobile relay can bring. Numerical results show that when the ratio of vehicular UEs in the cell is 0.4 and the penetration loss is 20 dB, the FDD mobile relay mode and the TDD/FDD hybrid mobile relay mode can achieve +16.3, +29.1% cell rate gain respectively compared with the direct mode.

Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke (NAIS) affects 6-17 newborns on 100 000-birth term neonates, most of these children keeping long-term motor and cognitive impairments. Based on a literature review, the objectives of this paper are to describe motor and cognitive outcomes after a NAIS and to propose a consensual monitoring of these children to improve their management. About 30 % of children after a NAIS will develop a unilateral cerebral palsy requiring a management by a team with expertise in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Unlike adults, especially after a left NAIS, children will not present aphasia but between 50 and 90 % will present disorders of speech and language in expression and/or reception. After NAIS, the global intellectual efficiency is usually preserved except when the size of the lesion is very important or when severe epilepsy occurs. Several studies are also in favor of vulnerability in visuospatial functions. To quantify impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions resulting from this NAIS, early and at least yearly evaluations with reliable tools must be carried out systematically until puberty. A multidisciplinary team with a longitudinal follow-up, in all the different developmental dimensions, must conduct these evaluations in term of motor skills, cognitive impairment, behavior, autonomy, quality of life, and participation. Consequences on family functioning need to be evaluate in order to help children and family coping with this event.

When in the late nineteenth century Aestheticism slowly lost ground to the Arts and Crafts Movement and then to Decadence and Art Nouveau, the Victorian artistic field had considerably evolved. Freed from the moral task traditionally assigned to it, English art now claimed its autonomy — « All art is quite useless » wrote Wilde in the Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray in 1891 —, relying on a pictorial idiom which, in time, had become quite familiar to a large public. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and function of the graphic arts in the Victorians’ familiarity with avant-garde theories. At a time when the demands of an enlarged readership triggered a remarkable development of periodical literature, the illustrated press was partly responsible for the circulation of the very ideals it meant to ridicule. From the vantage point offered by such publications as The Illustrated London News and, of course, Punch, cartoons became the missing link between highbrow and lowbrow culture, thus contributing to the long-lasting fascination exerted by Aestheticism on the rest of society.

William Thomson (1824-1907), an eminent physicist who contributed to the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics, was also at the origin of a largely forgotten controversy concerning the ages of the Sun and the Earth. He used the laws of thermodynamics to calculate the age of our planet and he concluded that it was probably from 100 to 500 million years old, which was much lower than the estimations currently accepted by geologists, and threatened to put into question the darwinian theory of evolution. Moreover, thermodynamics did not only announce a gradual exhaustion of the resources of the Sun or of our planet, but also the heat death of the universe as a whole. This paper explores the uncertainties and the debates which were caused by such conceptions, which were also used, in a more imaginative way, by H. G. Wells in his famous novel The Time Machine.

International audience; The RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology is a well-known wireless application for traceability, logistics, and access control. It became ubiquitous in industry and our daily life (ticketing, payment, passports, car keys, etc.). RFID is nowadays a standardized technology; its inherent advantages, which are unitary, identification, wireless communication, and low cost of tags, provide it with decisive practical benefits that drive new developments in terms of concepts and applications. This trend is largely confirmed by the market forecast, but also by its implementation in the area of health (smart hospital), assistance to persons, anti-counterfeiting, as well as by its perspective in terms of new paradigms for distributed ambient intelligence and the Internet of Things. The first part of this paper briefly reviews the fundamental concepts of the RFID technology, and shows its link with the radio science. A state of the art including the presentation of current performance and developments is also summarized. The second part illustrates the impact of RFID to the service of our society with a focus of applications in the field of autonomy and handicap. Finally, the last part highlights a panorama of perspectives and the future directions of RFID applications dedicated to the service of Humanity.; La RFID (radio par identification) est aujourd'hui une technologie sans fil bien connue pour ses applications en traçabilité, logistique et contrôle d'accès. Elle est devenue omniprésente dans l'industrie et notre vie de tous les jours (tickets de transport, systèmes de paiement, passeports, clés de voiture, etc.). Technologie standardisée, ses avantages inhérents (identification unitaire et télé-alimentation) et le coût modeste des tags lui procurent des avantages pratiques déterminants qui impulsent de nouvelles évolutions, aussi bien applicatives que conceptuelles. Cette tendance est largement démontrée, que ce soit par les projections économiques en termes de croissance et de marchés, son succès déjà actuel dans les secteurs de la santé ( « Intelligent Hospital ») et de l'assistance aux personnes, ses aptitudes dédiées aux applications d'anti-contrefaçons, ou encore ses promesses pour les paradigmes naissant d'intelligence ambiante distribuée et d'Internet des objets. Le premier volet de ce papier rappelle brièvement les fondamentaux conceptuels de la RFID et leur lien avec les radiosciences. L'état de l'art, les performances et les développements actuels sont résumés. Dans un deuxième volet, l'impact de la RFID au service de notre société avec un focus d'applications autour de l'autonomie et du handicap est présenté. Le dernier volet dresse un panorama des perspectives et tendances futures, annonciateurs de l'évolution grandissante des applications visées par la RFID et de la place qu'elle prendra au service de l'humanité.

"The silence of the mad in the works of Zola and Maupassant" It is difficult to define all the meanings and connotations of silence depicted in literary works. In the 19th century, where the Realism and the Naturalism paid much attention to the study of both physical and mental illnesses, silence was considered as one of the distinctive signs of madness. The paper analyzes four examples of this phenomenon in selected Zola’s and Maupassant’s texts (novels and short stories) whose characters, all mad or maniac, embody various aspects of the silence regarded as a pathological condition of a human being.

Summary Introduction The international ICALIC initiative aims at developing a new indirect calorimeter according to the needs of the clinicians and researchers in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. The project initially focuses on validating the calorimeter for use in mechanically ventilated acutely ill adult patient. However, standard methods to validate the accuracy of calorimeters have not yet been established. This paper describes the procedures for the in-vitro tests to validate the accuracy of the new indirect calorimeter, and defines the ranges for the parameters to be evaluated in each test to optimize the validation for clinical and research calorimetry measurements. Methods Two in-vitro tests have been defined to validate the accuracy of the gas analyzers and the overall function of the new calorimeter. 1) Gas composition analysis allows validating the accuracy of O2 and CO2 analyzers. Reference gas of known O2 (or CO2) concentration is diluted by pure nitrogen gas to achieve predefined O2 (or CO2) concentration, to be measured by the indirect calorimeter. O2 and CO2 concentrations to be tested were determined according to their expected ranges of concentrations during calorimetry measurements. 2) Gas exchange simulator analysis validates O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) measurements. CO2 gas injection into artificial breath gas provided by the mechanical ventilator simulates VCO2. Resulting dilution of O2 concentration in the expiratory air is analyzed by the calorimeter as VO2. CO2 gas of identical concentration to the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) is used to simulate identical VO2 and VCO2. Indirect calorimetry results from publications were analyzed to determine the VO2 and VCO2 values to be tested for the validation. Results O2 concentration in respiratory air is highest at inspiration, and can decrease to 15% during expiration. CO2 concentration can be as high as 5% in expired air. To validate analyzers for measurements of FiO2 up to 70%, ranges of O2 and CO2 concentrations to be tested were defined as 15–70% and 0.5–5.0%, respectively. The mean VO2 in 426 adult mechanically ventilated patients was 270 ml/min, with 2 standard deviation (SD) ranges of 150–391 ml/min. Thus, VO2 and VCO2 to be simulated for the validation were defined as 150, 250, and 400 ml/min. Conclusion The procedures for the in-vitro tests of the new indirect calorimeter and the ranges for the parameters to be evaluated in each test have been defined to optimize the validation of accuracy for clinical and research indirect calorimetry measurements. The combined methods will be used to validate the accuracy of the new indirect calorimeter developed by the ICALIC initiative, and should become the standard method to validate the accuracy of any future indirect calorimeters.

International audience; The phosphorescence of the sea has aroused much questioning since antiquity and numerous studies address the topic in the 19th century, when this phenomenon (today referred to as bioluminescence) is given a biological explanation. Raising admiration, wonder, but also scientific controversy, the bright sea is a common motif, frequently reappearing in scientific travel writing, research studies in marine biology, popular science and literary texts. This paper examines the imaginary component which underlies these different texts and seems attached to the depiction of living light.

In earlier work we studied features of non-holomorphic modular functions associated with Feynman graphs for a conformal scalar field theory on a two-dimensional torus with zero external momenta at all vertices. Such functions, which we will refer to as modular graph functions, arise, for example, in the low energy expansion of genus-one Type II superstring amplitudes. We here introduce a class of single-valued elliptic multiple polylogarithms, which are defined as elliptic functions associated with Feynman graphs with vanishing external momenta at all but two vertices. These functions depend on a coordinate, $\zeta$, on the elliptic curve and reduce to modular graph functions when $\zeta$ is set equal to $1$. We demonstrate that these single-valued elliptic multiple polylogarithms are linear combinations of multiple polylogarithms, and that modular graph functions are sums of single-valued elliptic multiple polylogarithms evaluated at the identity of the elliptic curve, in both cases with rational coefficients. This insight suggests the many interrelations between modular graph functions (a few of which were established in earlier papers) may be obtained as a consequence of identities involving multiple polylogarithms, and explains an earlier observation that the coefficients of the Laurent polynomial at the cusp are given by rational numbers times single-valued multiple zeta values., Comment: 42 pages, significant clarifications added in section 5, minor typos corrected, and references added in version 2

Resting on an intersection between linguistic manipulation and the sociocultural roots of a community, humour is generally considered to be untranslatable, as an element of interlinguistic and intercultural inequivalence. This paper is especially concerned with the translation of humour in a composite and multisemiotic text such as comics, in which both verbal and non-verbal components blend in a coherent language. Our analysis will be focused on a varied selection of examples from Claire Bretécheter’s comics series Agrippine, whose humorous charge is based on the use of a slang which is partially true, partially invented and on situations grounded in a specific sociocultural and ideological context. We will investigate some mains issues due to the presence of humour (verbal, lingua-cultural and visual) in comics, as well as the translation strategies which can be adopted in the transfer from French into Italian, in order to maintain the humorous effect of the source text., Reposant sur un croisement entre la manipulation linguistique et les racines socioculturelles d’une communauté, l’humour passe souvent pour intraduisible, en tantu’élément d’inéquivalence interlinguistique et interculturelle. Notre étude portera notamment sur la traduction de l’humour dans un texte composite et multisémiotique telle qu’est une bande dessinée, où la composante verbale et la composante non verbale se fondent dans un langage unitaire. À travers l’analyse d’un échantillonnage varié de cas tirés de la série Agrippine de Claire Bretécher, dont la charge humoristique s’appuie sur l’emploi d’un argot en partie vrai en partie inventé et sur des situations ancrées dans un contexte socioculturel et idéologique spécifique, nous passerons en revue quelques problématiques majeures liées à la présence de l’humour (verbal, linguistico-culturel et visuel) dans une BD, ainsi que les stratégies traductives que l’on peut mettre en oeuvre lors du passage du français à l’italien, afin de préserver l’effet humoristique du texte source.

International audience; Genetic Regulatory Networks (GRNs) implementations have a high degree of variability in their details. Parameters, encoding methods, and dynamics formulas all differ in the literature, and some GRN implementations have a high degree of model complexity. In this paper, we present a comparative study of different implementations of a GRN and introduce new variants for comparison. We use a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) to evaluate GRN performance on a number of common benchmark tasks, with a focus on real-time control problems. We propose an encoding scheme and set of dynamics equations that simplifies implementation and evaluate the evolutionary fitness of this proposed method. Lastly, we use the comparative modifications study to demonstrate overall enhancements for GRN models.

International audience; Research on the concept and assessment of sustainability has developed considerably in recent years. If we found a lot of evaluation methods, majority do not treat or more succinctly the social impacts. Then we developed a method of socio-economic evaluation for wine-producing farms in order to know the impact of practices on profitability (gross margin) but also on human capital (painfulness, pesticides risks, safety) and social capital (landscape, dissemination of acquired knowledge). Whether for more sustainability or to cope with new constraints such as climate change, reduced inputs or agronomic dead ends (limited number of active substances allowed), it is necessary to change the systems of wine production . These so-called innovative systems generally aim to reduce the impact on the environment. But here too it is necessary to evaluate their effects on the other domains of sustainability: the social and economic domains to ensure their adoption by winegrowers. Our method thus has a specific module that makes it possible to carry out this comparison between classical and innovative systems within the same vineyard. In this paper we describe the construction of our method and the feasibility test on four Alsatian viticulture farms.

OBJECTIVERobot-guided pedicle screw placement is an established technique for the placement of pedicle screws. However, most studies have focused on degenerative disease. In this paper, the authors focus on metastatic spinal disease, which is associated with osteolysis. The associated lack of dense bone may potentially affect the automatic recognition accuracy of radiography-based surgical assistance systems. The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy of the SpineAssist robot system with conventional fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement for thoracolumbar metastatic spinal disease.METHODSSeventy patients with metastatic spinal disease who required instrumentation were included in this retrospective matched-cohort study. All 70 patients underwent surgery performed by the same team of experienced surgeons. The decision to use robot-assisted or fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement was based the availability of the robot system. In patients who underwent surgery with robot guidance, pedicle screws were inserted after preoperative planning and intraoperative fluoroscopic matching. In the “conventional” group, anatomical landmarks and anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy guided placement of the pedicle screws. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of screw placement on the Gertzbein-Robbins scale. Grades A and B (< 2-mm pedicle breach) were considered clinically acceptable, and all other grades indicated misplacement. Secondary outcome measures included an intergroup comparison of direction of screw misplacement, surgical site infection, and radiation exposure.RESULTSA total of 406 screws were placed at 206 levels. Sixty-one (29.6%) surgically treated levels were in the upper thoracic spine (T1–6), 74 (35.9%) were in the lower thoracic spine, and the remaining 71 (34.4%) were in the lumbosacral region. In the robot-assisted group (Group I; n = 35, 192 screws), trajectories were Grade A or B in 162 (84.4%) of screws. The misplacement rate was 15.6% (30 of 192 screws). In the conventional group (Group II; n = 35, 214 screws), 83.6% (179 of 214) of screw trajectories were acceptable, with a misplacement rate of 16.4% (35 of 214). There was no difference in screw accuracy between the groups (chi-square, 2-tailed Fisher’s exact, p = 0.89). One screw misplacement in the fluoroscopy group required a second surgery (0.5%), but no revisions were required in the robot group. There was no difference in surgical site infections between the 2 groups (Group I, 5 patients [14.3%]; Group II, 8 patients [22.9%]) or in the duration of surgery between the 2 groups (Group I, 226.1 ± 78.8 minutes; Group II, 264.1 ± 124.3 minutes; p = 0.13). There was also no difference in radiation time between the groups (Group I, 138.2 ± 73.0 seconds; Group II, 126.5 ± 95.6 seconds; p = 0.61), but the radiation intensity was higher in the robot group (Group I, 2.8 ± 0.2 mAs; Group II, 2.0 ± 0.6 mAs; p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSPedicle screw placement for metastatic disease in the thoracolumbar spine can be performed effectively and safely using robot-guided assistance. Based on this retrospective analysis, accuracy, radiation time, and postoperative infection rates are comparable to those of the conventional technique.

A la luz de las implicaciones de la psicología positiva, recientemente se ha dedicado atención al estudio del humor y su relación con la salud destacando sus beneficios para las personas. Esta conceptualización como “humor terapéutico” ha promovido investigaciones (Cann y Etzel, 2008; Capps, 2006; Erickson y Feldstein, 2007; Kuiper, Martin y Olinger, 1993; Martin et al., 2003; Vilaythong, Aranu, Rosen y Mascaro, 2003) que han derivado en la elaboración de diferentes escalas del humor, determinando que existen diferentes estilos del mismo. Algunos estilos de humor tienen claras raíces en la historia y cultura dominicana como es discutido en este trabajo. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar los diferentes estilos de humor, su relación con la edad, con la felicidad subjetiva y con la depresión en una muestra de 145 universitarias dominicanas. Se utilizan instrumentos como el Cuestionario de Estilos de Humor (HSQ) (Martin et al., 2003), la Escala de Depresión del Centro para Estudios Epidemiológicos (Kohout, Berkman, Evans y Cornoni-Huntley, 1993) y la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva (Lyubomirsky y Lepper, 1999). Los resultados muestran diferencias entre los diversos estilos de humor con excepción del humor agresivo y de descalificación que resultan semejantes en su intensidad de manifestación: el humor de mejora personal es el menos prevalente, seguido del afiliativo y ambos son significativamente menores en promedio que el resto, los nocivos. Las jóvenes dominicanas, arrojan al igual que poblaciones descritas en literaturas como la española, un perfil con predominancia de humor agresivo y de descalificación sobre el uso del humor afiliativo y de mejora personal. Se observa un comportamiento diferencial con la depresión del humor agresivo y el descalificativo: solo el segundo es significativo, y tiene signo negativo. Los cuatro estilos de humor se muestran independientes de la edad. n light of the implications of positive psychology, attention has recently been devoted to the study of humor and its relation to health, highlighting its benefits for people. This conceptualization as a “therapeutic humor” has promoted research (Cann and Etzel, 2008, Capps, 2006, Erickson and Feldstein, 2007, Kuiper, Martin and Olinger, 1993, Martin et al., 2003, Vilaythong, Aranu, Rosen and Mascaro, 2003) that have resulted in the elaboration of different scales of humor, determining that there are different styles of the same. Some humor styles have clear roots in Dominican history and culture as discussed in this paper. The objective of this research is to study the different styles of humor, its relationship with age, with subjective happiness and with depression in a sample of 145 Dominican university students. Instruments such as the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) (Martin et al., 2003), the Center Depression Scale for Epidemiological Studies (Kohout, Berkman, Evans and Cornoni-Huntley, 1993) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999). The results show differences between the different styles of humor with the exception of aggressive humor and disqualification that are similar in their intensity of manifestation: the humor of personal improvement is the less prevalent, followed by the affiliative and both are significantly lower on average than the rest, the harmful ones. The young Dominicans, as well as populations described in literatures such as the Spanish, throw a profile with predominance of aggressive humor and disqualification on the use of affiliative humor and personal improvement. A differential behavior is observed with the depression of the aggressive humor and the disqualifying one: only the second one is significant, and it has negative sign. The four mood styles are shown independent of age.

Constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment have been proven to be effective, low cost and sustainable alternative for wastewater treatment technologies. This paper is about the Austrian experience in constructed wetland systems.

International audience; In desktop 3D modeling applications, object manipulation relies on the use of standard transformation widgets. However, these widgets are less efficient on touchscreens due to the low accuracy of touch inputs, and also to the fingertip occlusion issue. In this paper, we propose two unimanual constrained manipulation techniques on TabletPCs. Based on finger identification, our techniques map the index, middle and ring fingers of the dominant hand to the X, Y and Z axes of the coordinate system. After registering the axis-fingers mapping on the screen, users can perform different chording gestures to trigger axis-, plane-constrained or uniform manipulations. We have conducted a user study to examine the learnability and usability of the proposed gestures. The results indicate that these gestures can be memorized quickly after a short training period. Users found some gestures to be easy to use and comfortable while others require additional investigations. These findings permits to give recommendations for designing a unimanual constrained manipulation technique that can be used efficiently in a 3D modeling application on TabletPCs.; Dans les applications de modélisation 3D sur PC, la manipulation avec contraintes d'objets repose sur l’utilisation des widgets de transformation 3D. Cependant, ces widgets sont moins efficaces pour une utilisation sur des écrans tactiles en raison de la faible précision des dispositifs d’entrée et des problèmes d'occultation. Dans ce papier, deux nouvelles techniques uni-manuelles de manipulation 3D sur TabletPC sont proposées. Basées sur l’identification des doigts, nos deux techniques associent l'index, le majeur et l'annulaire de la main dominante aux axes x, y et z du système de coordonnées. Après l’enregistrement de cette association axe-doigts, les utilisateurs peuvent effectuer différents gestes d’accords pour des manipulations avec contraintes sur les axes, sur les plans et des manipulations uniformes. Nous avons mené une étude préliminaire pour examiner l'apprenabilité et l’utilisabilité des gestes proposées. Les résultats indiquent que ces derniers peuvent être mémorisés rapidement. Certains gestes ont été jugés confortables et faciles à utiliser par les utilisateurs alors que d’autres nécessitent davantage d’investigations. Ces résultats permettent de donner des recommandations quant à la conception d’une technique uni-manuelle de manipulation avec contraintes qui peut être utilisée efficacement pour la modélisation 3D sur TabletPC.

International audience; In order to face the continuous increase of the data traffic on cellular networks, using WiFi to offload the LTE network can be an interesting solution for the operators. The convergence between fixed and mobile access allows the WiFi access points to be connected to the cellular eNodeBs. This is known as very tight coupling between LTE and WiFi. WiFi and LTE flows are merged just bellow the IP layer which allows faster attachment procedures to WiFi access points and dual WiFi/LTE transmission while providing a seamless experience to the end user. However, WiFi networks are very different from LTE in terms of delays and loss rates which may have a bad impact on higher layers such as TCP. In this paper, we study the performance of TCP with Very Tight Coupling. We perform experimentation on a real testbed based on the Open Air Interface framework.

International audience; Noncooperative underwater acoustic (UWA) communication systems are prone to interfere with each other since the limited resource offered by the channel is not regulated by any standard. Mutual inteferences can significantly degrade the performances of such systems and it is necessary to find policies allowing UWA devices to access the same physical resource. In this paper, we consider noncooperative UWA OFDM systems competing to access the same portion of the spectrum. We show that an efficient decentralized power allocation strategy can be achieved when all the communication links apply a waterfilling policy only based on little knowledge about their environment. Numerical simulations performed with real UWA channels sounded at-sea demonstrate the relevance of our approach.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in France. Much progress has been made in recent years in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, the definition of diagnostic criteria (>5 G/L of clonal B-lymphocytes), identification of prognostic criteria, including a better understanding of fragile patients, high risk patients and even more recently by the emergence of new highly effective drugs, doing discuss their place in the wide therapeutic panel we have. The treatment of patients with CLL is indicated in patients with progressive stage A, stage B or stage C. The new drugs currently available include not only the new generation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, type I (ofatumumab) or type II (obinutuzumab), Bcl-2 inhibitors (GDC-0199/ABT-199) and now the new small molecules available orally, including Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTK) and phosphor-inositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The role of the biologist in monitoring a patient treated for CLL is essential, the latter to make the diagnosis of CLL, the search for prognostic factors (Binet stage, lymphocyte doubling time, looking for a 17p deletion or TP53 mutations, study of mutational profile of heavy chain genes of immunoglobulins IGHV) and biological monitoring of the different treatments. We will study in this paper the results obtained with these drugs, insisting today more than ever on the need to set up a clinical and biological complementarity to allow optimal medical management of patients with CLL. The mechanisms of actions are discussed, as well as the response criteria we should use to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments in clinical practice.

International audience; In order to cope with the dramatic growth of cellular data traffic, mobile operators should find cost-effective and easily deployable solutions of capacity increase of their networks. One of these solutions is to use WiFi networks to offload the cellular network. One question when using WiFi networks beside cellular is how they are integrated. Several degrees of integration exist, one of them is to connect the WiFi Access Points (APs) directly to the cellular Base Stations (BSs). This is known as very tight coupling. In this paper, we study the performance of such an architecture. We define a model that takes into account the fluctuation of the coverage (shadowing) and compute how much bandwidth can be saved on the cellular network.

In this paper, we examine why risk-based policy instruments have failed to improve the proportionality, effectiveness, and legitimacy of healthcare quality regulation in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. Rather than trying to prevent all possible harms, risk-based approaches promise to rationalise and manage the inevitable limits of what regulation can hope to achieve by focusing regulatory standard-setting and enforcement activity on the highest priority risks, as determined through formal assessments of their probability and consequences. As such, risk-based approaches have been enthusiastically adopted by healthcare quality regulators over the last decade. However, by drawing on historical policy analysis and in-depth interviews with 15 high-level UK informants in 2013–2015, we identify a series of practical problems in using risk-based policy instruments for defining, assessing, and ensuring compliance with healthcare quality standards. Based on our analysis, we go on to consider why, despite a succession of failures, healthcare regulators remain committed to developing and using risk-based approaches. We conclude by identifying several preconditions for successful risk-based regulation: goals must be clear and trade-offs between them amenable to agreement; regulators must be able to reliably assess the probability and consequences of adverse outcomes; regulators must have a range of enforcement tools that can be deployed in proportion to risk; and there must be political tolerance for adverse outcomes.

International audience; The ever disappearing I of Emily Dickinson’s poetry is, this paper argues, an audacious poetic wager that politically speculates on death as both a term and "a term between", and stages the ultimate dissolution of subject, voice and representation through an endless play with, and pleasurable suspension of, the poetic sentence. Holding to the body (of the poem, of the poet) while poetically erasing the marks—color, caste, gender—that shut it out of political representation is an aesthetic experimentation with the limits and constraints of a certain form of democracy that wagers on impersonality as the precondition of impersonation. In Dickinson’s poetry, however, the dying is palpable, sensitive, erotic. The poem resists doing away with the body; it does not take for granted the posthumous recognition of a soul "at the white heat". Rather, Dickinson’s poetry embodies the "space between" and proves it "possibler". Doing the dying, in that sense, may well be the poet’s cunning response to the injunction of abstraction of mid-nineteenth century political representation.

International audience; At a time when the liberalisation of air transport is increasingly being promoted as a means to induce the growth of the tourism business, it is striking that there is little evidence to suggest that such liberalisation has indeed led to a growth in tourism. Furthermore, the evidence is usually restricted to the impacts of sole low-cost airlines on tourist destinations newly served by such airlines. In contrast to various ideological or naïve statements, this paper shows that assessing the relationship between liberalised air markets and trends in tourism is challenging. On the transport side, aviation liberalisation is rarely considered as a dimension that can be measured accurately; similar protected markets are not considered for comparison; and trends in charter flights are neglected. On the tourist side, broad definitions of so-called tourists are usually considered and include immigrants visiting their home country; nights spent are neglected, despite a possible trend in declining length of stay; and substitution between places is usually disregarded, as are the long-term effects.

With the development of navigation techniques during the 2nd Millennium the circulation of men, commodities and skills grew throughout the Eastern Mediterranean space. This paper addresses the nature and extension of these exchanges as seen from Cyprus at the end of the Late Bronze Age (14th-11th c. B. C.), and based on recent archaeological finds and new laboratory analyzes, relating to the distribution of Cypriote copper, the diffusion of commercial jars, etc. The island is at the heart of a vast network of exchanges with surrounding lands (Egypt, the Levant, the Hatti, Greece), reaching as far as the Western Mediterranean and connecting with distant continental countries by the means of transit harbours., Yon Marguerite. Aux échelles du Levant. Échanges commerciaux au Bronze Récent. In: Cahiers du Centre d'Etudes Chypriotes. Volume 46, 2016. Hommage à Antoine Hermary. pp. 33-50.

International audience; In this paper, we show how a dangerousness metric can be used to modify the input of a gene regulatory network when plugged to a virtual car. In the context of the 2015 Simulated Car Racing Championship organized during GECCO 2015, we have developed a new cartography methodology able to inform the controller of the car about the incoming complexity of the track: turns (slipperiness, angle, etc.) and bumps. We show how this dangerousness metric improves the results of our controller and outperforms other approaches on the tracks used in the competition.