Search

Résumé Cette revue iconographique se propose dans un premier temps de faire le point sur les grands principes de l’approche segmentaire des cardiopathies congénitales, son origine, ses définitions et ses objectifs en particulier. Dans un second temps, au travers d’illustrations échographiques nous envisagerons son application pratique en dépistage prénatal. Enfin, par des exemples iconographiques en échographie et en IRM, nous discuterons son utilisation potentielle en évaluation diagnostique fœtale. This pictorial essay will initially present the origin, definitions, objectives and main principles of the segmental approach to congenital heart diseases. Then, through ultrasound scans iconography we will consider its practical applications to prenatal screening. Eventually, through both ultrasound and MRI cases, we will discuss its potential use in fetal diagnostic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif Évaluer le bilan d’imagerie (échographie ± IRM) dans le diagnostic des malformations lymphatiques kystiques de localisations cervicales. Méthodes Étude rétrospective, descriptive des patientes ayant bénéficié d’un dépistage échographique de masses cervicales antérieures, confirmées en échographie de référence, au Centre pluridisciplinaire de diagnostic prénatal du Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Lille de 1997 à 2014. Résultats Dix-sept lymphangiomes ont été recensés. Douze (71 %) lymphangiomes étaient diagnostiqués lors de l’échographie de référence et 88 % lors de l’IRM. On retrouvait une extension de la masse pour 10 (62 %) lymphangiomes en échographie et pour 11 (85 %) en IRM. Dans la plupart des cas, on objectivait respectivement en échographie et en IRM : une extension de la face (4, 23 %/6, 46 %), de la base de la langue (3, 18 %/2, 15 %) et du plancher buccal (3, 18 %/3, 15 %). Une atteinte pharyngée (5,38 %) et mandibulaire (4,31 %) était dépistée en IRM et non retrouvée en échographie. Deux (12 %) fœtus étaient porteurs de malformation urogénitale, 1 (6 %) de malformation cardiaque et 1 (6 %) de malformation faciale associée en échographie. Les lymphangiomes restaient stables dans 12 (71 %) des cas et disparaissaient dans 2 (12 %) des cas avant la naissance. Conclusion L’IRM et l’échographie paraissent indissociables pour permettre une évaluation et une prise en charge optimale des masses cervicales. Le bilan des lésions associées semble pouvoir nous aider dans l’orientation diagnostique. Enfin, les lymphangiomes semblent avoir une stabilité au cours de la grossesse et un bon pronostic en cas de masse cervicale lymphatique non compliquée et sans extension péjorative. Objectives Assess imaging (ultrasound ± MRI) in the diagnosis of cervical cystic lymphangioma. Methods Retrospective, descriptive study of the patients who underwent reference ultrasound screening for fetal anterior cervival masses in multidisciplinary prenatal diagnosis center of the Lille Regional University Hospital from 1997 to 2014. Results Seventeen lymphangiomas were identified. Seventy-three percent of lymphangiomas ( n = 12) were diagnosed in the baseline ultrasound and 85% ( n = 11) in MRI. An extra-cervical extension was identified in 10 (62%) with ultrasound and 11 (85%) with MRI. Main sites of mass extension objectived by ultrasound and MRI were respectively the face (4,23%/6,46%), the base of tongue (3, 18%/2, 15%) and buccal floor (3, 18%/3, 15%). Pharyngeal disease (5,38%) and mandible (4,31%) were detected by MRI and not found on ultrasound. Associated malformations detected with ultrasound were 2 (12%) urogenital malformation, 1 (6%) heart defect and 1 (6%) facial anomalies. Lymphangiomas remained stable in volume in 12 (71%) cases and disappeared before birth in 2 (12%) cases. Conclusion MRI and ultrasound seem inseparable to assess and optimally manage fetal cervical masses. Detection of associated lesions seems to help in the final lymphangioma diagnosis. Most of the time, lymphangiomas seem to be stable lesion during pregnancy and a good prognosis in cases of uncomplicated cervical lymphatic mass and without pejorative extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal diagnosis of disorder of sex development (DSD) aims at defining whether malformation is isolated or not and at determining the etiology depending on clinical background, hormonal and genetic tests. Diagnostic approach must be multidisciplinary. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the leading causes of DSD in females. Management of pregnancies at risk is well standardized in France, which is based on fetal sex determination in maternal serum and prenatal treatment with dexamethasone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif Déterminer l’incidence des anomalies chromosomiques, des associations syndromiques et des malformations fœtales en cas de retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) dans un centre de référence en diagnostic prénatal. Patientes et méthodes Il s’agit d’une revue rétrospective de tous les cas vus entre 14 et 27 SA avec un périmètre abdominal (PA) < 5 e percentile entre 2008 et 2012. Les aneuploïdies et malformations associées étaient recherchées. Les grossesses multiples étaient exclues. Résultats Un total de 8626 fœtus a bénéficié d’un examen échographique entre 14 et 27 SA. Deux cent trente-neuf fœtus (2,8 %) présentaient un RCIU défini par un PA < 5 e percentile. Parmi eux, 37 fœtus avaient un caryotype anormal ou un syndrome identifié (15 %). L’anomalie chromosomique la plus fréquente était la trisomie 18 (10 cas, 4,2 %). Soixante-sept fœtus avaient au moins une anomalie morphologique sans aneuploïdie ou association syndromique (28 %), 135 cas étaient isolés (57 %). Les anomalies associées les plus courantes étaient le fémur court (5 %), l’omphalocèle (5 %) et le laparoschisis (4 %). L’âge maternel était plus élevé (33 ans ± 5 ans versus 31 ans ± 5,6 ans, p < 0,01) et le z-score pour le PA plus bas (2,5 ± 1 versus 2,15 ± 0,6) dans le groupe à caryotype anormal ou association syndromique que dans le groupe sans malformation. Le liquide amniotique était plus souvent augmenté dans le groupe à anomalie du caryotype ou avec malformations associées (14 % et 17 %) que dans le groupe sans malformation (0 %, p < 0,01). Discussion et conclusion Cette étude décrit les anomalies et issues associées au diagnostic de RCIU au 2 e trimestre dans une large population de patientes. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’absence de malformation associée, le degré de retard de croissance, l’âge maternel et la quantité de liquide amniotique peuvent orienter le diagnostic et le conseil anténatal de cette population à haut risque. Objectives To determine the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities, syndromic association and fetal defects associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction (FGR) in a tertiary referral center. Patients and methods Retrospective review of all cases referred between 14 and 27 weeks with an abdominal circumference (AC) < 5 th centile between 2008 and 2012. Multiple pregnancies were excluded. Medical records were retrieved to look for the presence of associated malformations, aneuploidy and outcomes. Results A total of 8626 fetuses had ultrasonographic examination between 14 and 27 weeks. Of these, there were 239 cases (2.8%) with evidence of FGR as based on AC measurement. Thirty-seven fetuses had an abnormal karyotype or an identified syndromic association (15%). The most common chromosomal defect was Trisomy 18 (10 cases, 4.2%), 67 had at least one associated morphological abnormality without aneuploidy or syndromic association (28%). Most common associated abnormalities were relative short femur (5%), omphalocele (5%) and gastroschisis (4%). Last 135 cases were isolated fetal growth retardation (5%). Maternal age was higher (33 yr ± 5 yr versus 31 yr ± 5.6 yr, P < 0.01) and the z-score for the AC lower (2.5 ± 1 versus 2.15 ± 0.6) in the group with abnormal karyotype or syndromic association than in the group without associated malformation. Amniotic fluid was more often increased in the group with an abnormal karyotype or associated malformation (14% and 17%) than in the group without malformations (0%, P < 0.01). Discussion and conclusion This study describes abnormalities and outcomes associated with second trimester fetal growth retardation in a large population of patients. Our results suggest that the absence of associated malformation, degree of growth restriction, maternal age and the amniotic fluid index may help in the prenatal management and counseling of this high risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectifs: Répertorier les signes échographiques mis en évidence lors de la suspicion d’un placenta accreta. Les objectifs secondaires sont d’analyser la pertinence du diagnostic en échographie et en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), et de connaître les circonstances diagnostiques afin d’identifier une population à risque. Patientes et méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective monocentrique. Les cas de placentas accreta pris en charge au centre hospitalo-universitaire de Lille entre 2005 et 2010, suspectés en anténatal ou découverts per-partum, ont été recensés. Résultats: Vingt-sept patientes ont présenté un placenta accreta sur cette période. 22 cas étaient suspectés en anténatal, dont 21 confirmés à la naissance. Six cas étaient découverts per-partum. Le diagnostic était suspecté dans 41 % des cas suite à un épisode de métrorragies. Cent pourcent des patientes suivies au diagnostic anténatal avaient un utérus au moins unicicatriciel et un placenta antérieur inséré bas. Cinquante pourcent des patientes non dépistées avaient un placenta postérieur non inséré bas. Les signes échographiques les plus fréquents étaient ű lacune placentaire Ƈ (85,7 %), ű vascularisation anormale Ƈ (71,4 %), ű perte du liseré hypoéchogène du myomètre Ƈ (66,7 %), ű irrégularité de la paroi vésicale Ƈ (57,1 %). La sensibilité de l’échographie de dépistage est de 78 %. Vingt et une IRM, réalisées en deuxième intention confirmaient le diagnostic dans 66,7 % des cas. Discussion et conclusion: L’échographie est un examen pertinent pour le diagnostic de placenta accreta. Les placentas postérieurs, plus difficiles d’accès, ne doivent pas être négligés. Les placentas antérieurs praevia chez les patientes multipares ayant un utérus cicatriciel doivent requérir toute l’attention de l’examinateur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Coarctations of the aorta can be associated with severe neonatal consequences. Screening for and diagnosis of this prenatal malformation remain difficult. We review the various tools currently available to us, and their respective limits, to minimize the rate of false negatives and false positives associated with prenatal screening for this situation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the diagnosis, the care and the prognosis of the fetuses with an antenataly diagnosed megacystis. Patients and methods: Six year retrospective study about 46 cases of megacystis (26 diagnosed during 1st trimester; 14 during 2nd trimester; 9 during 3rd trimester) referred in the prenatal fetal medicine unit of the Femme–Mère-Enfant hospital in Lyon (France). Results: The main aetiology is urethral occlusion, particularly for megacystis discovered during the 1st and the 2nd trimesters. Twenty-two terminations of pregnancy were performed (47.8%) and 6 pregnancies arrested spontaneously (13%). Eighteen children were born alive, but 2 died in neonatal period. Finally, 16 children survived (34.8%). Chromosomal abnormalities are frequent (22%). Discussion and conclusion: Antenatal discovery of a megacystis is a complex situation, and often of poor fetal prognosis. It requires a multidisciplinary approach to allow the concerned couple to be determined on the best care of this pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Evaluation of the fetus using prenatal ultrasound has resulted in increased detection of asymptomatic adnexal masses during pregnancy. Such masses are rarely malignant (1/10 000 to 1/50 000 pregnancies), but the possibility of borderline or cancer must be considered. It is a common assumption by both patients and physicians that if an ovarian cancer is diagnosed during pregnancy, treatment necessitates sacrificing the well-being of the fetus. However, in most cases, it is possible to offer appropriate treatment to the mother without placing the fetus at serious risk. The care of a pregnant woman with cancer involves evaluation of sometimes competing maternal and fetal risks and benefits. These recommendation approaches attempt to balance these risks and benefits; however, they should be considered advisory and should not replace specific interdisciplinary consultation with specialists in maternal-fetal medicine, gynecologic oncology, and pediatrics, as well as imaging and pathology, as needed. Second level ultrasound including Doppler is needed. MRI is not often necessary, and CA 125 is of low contribution. We suggest surgery be performed after 15 SA for ovarian masses which (1) persist into the second trimester, (2) are greater than 5 to 10 cm in diameter, or (3) have solid or mixed solid and cystic ultrasound characteristics. During antepartum surgical staging and debulking, homolateral salpingo-oophorectomy and peritoneal cytology and exploration are necessary. Women found to have advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer should consider having completion of the debulking of the reproductive organs at the conclusion of the pregnancy. If chemotherapy is indicated, we recommend delaying administration, if possible, after the delivery or at least after 20 SA in order to minimize the potential fetal toxicity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: A fetal megacystis is defined by a longitudinal bladder diameter more than 7mm. The purpose of this study is to describe the prenatal ultrasound findings of this early fetal pathology and to assess pronostic and aetiologycal criteria. Patients and methods: Between January 2003 and December 2008, 12 cases of early fetal megacystis were identified in our referral fetal medicine unit (Saint-Étienne hospital, France). Results: There were two cases of spontaneous resolution and one case wasn’t a fetal megacystis. Termination of pregnancy for medical indications was realised for other cases because of associated malformations and bad evolution (six cases) and three chromosomal abnormalities (two cases of trisomy 18 and one of trisomy 21). Discussion and conclusion: Sonographic follow-up and fetal karyotyping are important to evaluate prognosis. However, our data suggest that fetal megacystis is a severe condition when diagnosed in early pregnancy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Exponential improvements in imaging techniques over the last ten years, through patients’ and physicians’ wishes for less invasive fetal work-up, now allow us to better explore and understand fetal lung physiology during pregnancy. Diagnostic and prognostic consequences at stake are huge, especially for fetuses at risk of pulmonary hypoplasia. We will decline in three parts (normal lung, malformative lung and pulmonary hypoplasia), through a review of the literature and enlightened by our experience, the potentialities and limitations of all imaging modalities (Ultrasound, Doppler, 3D, MRI). Then, we will dwell on future leads and the need for large-scale collaborative studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of EMC-Radiologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Ultrasonography has become an indispensable tool in prenatal care providing a throughout screening of the morphological abnormalities of the foetus. The examination of the upper limbs is now part of a routine screening checklist available in France since 2005. Recent progress in past years has focused on the early detection of reductional anomalies. As early as the first trimester scan, the three segments of the upper limb are apparent and transversal anomalies can be easily detected. Early diagnosis of malformations may lead to ethical considerations since women may request for medical termination of pregnancy. Apart from transversal anomalies of the limb which remain most of the time accidental, genetic syndromes may also lead to longitudinal reductions of the upper limb. In such cases, ultrasound may be helpful in genetic counselling by detecting other associate malformations. The search for associate malformations in favour of a genetic syndrome is therefore mandatory before referral to a prenatal consultation with the surgeon. Three-dimensional ultrasound and multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) are being increasingly used as additional procedures to improve diagnosis and long-term prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]