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The starting point for the analysis contained in the paper are considerations about the significance of plurivocality and tanscription in the cinema of Fellini, which was deeply influenced - as I hope to prove - by the autobiographical narration, even if its author had never said it openly. The recurrence of the motives, themes, characters and the pleasure of re-narrating are basis of Fellini's poetics, which contains inconspicuous «the incurable adolescence which might possess us forever», as Fellini said in an interview. That is to say the optics of a boy who continues to recount his life from the deepness of the memory. It's where the monstrous and the magic, taken from popular stories heard and experienced during Fellini's rural childhood, are indistinguishable from normality and reality and have the same rights. The lack of a strong, dividing line between those two permits to build a world in which plurality of voices merge in the autobiographical narration. Definition of the characteristics of this specific kind of autobiographical narration will be the final point of the paper, in which, beside films directly linked to Fellini's memory places, as Vitelloni or Amarcord, such pictures as 8½ and Il Casanova di Fellini will also be featured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Géographie & Cultures is the property of L'Harmattan Edition Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philosophia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Music plays a significant developmental role in the life of adolescents and has different functions in the life of an individual. Listening to music is one of the most important activities of adolescents, while their music preferences reflect their values, conflicts, and developmental problems they are faced with in everyday life. It is important to understand how adolescents use and experience music on a daily basis and what factors impact their use of music. The power of preference for a specific kind of music depends on the degree to which that type of music fulfills certain functions because the level of functionality and the power of music preference are correlated. While identity formation, peer socialization, and social perception remain important functions of music throughout one’s life, they are especially important in the period of adolescence. To understand better the strong links between music preferences and the functions of music in an individual’s life, it is important to include the personality factor that provides practical and relevant information about what makes us who we are. Music education can influence the music preferences of young people because listening to music is an important activity in their leisure time. The paper presents theoretical models of music preferences, characteristics of music, contexts of listening to music, correlation between music preferences and personality traits, as well as the functions of music that are most relevant in the life of adolescents.

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectives Psychiatriques is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Social Work Review / Revue Canadienne de Service Social is the property of Canadian Association for Social Work Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adolescents dream about love even before they discover it. Due to the vital force of their body, they are in a permanent state of expectation, which does not reflect only the hope of a miracle that is about to happen, but also an active expectation that brings the basic elements into the game of love, such as sexual instinct, thrill of emotions, which make love emerge. It is precisely what happens with the adolescent in Radiguet's novel, whose experience of initiation will be analyzed in the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyse the practice of insults by teenagers as a form of manifestation of verbal aggression. After the application of a questionnaire of 21 items on a sample of 90 subjects 14 -19 years old, we have identified 14 types of insults used in conflictual situations but also in friendly talks (insults used as nicknames; insults used as terms of address in communicating with familiar persons: friends, colleagues, family etc.).The analysis of the answers permitted us to identify also their contexts and some of the causes that can explain the frequency of this behaviour among teenagers: the influence of the family, of their teachers or of their group of friends. The types of insults identified also reflect the system of moral values and attitudes of teenagers, permitting a better characterization of this age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies and reports reveal that young people have a distorted concept of gender-based violence and their tolerance towards it does not decrease. There is a context of institutional concern about prevention and eradication of gender-based violence in Spain. In this context, this paper reflects on gender-based violence in order to compare the collective adolescent-young imaginary and social messages sent by the media on this problem. We will analyze this concept based on theoretical feminist definitions, the legal national an international framework and data about the presentation of this problem on the media. We will conclude that gender-based violence is transmitted in a very simplistic and reductionist way, a way too far from feminist frameworks, so adolescents and young people find identifying and rejecting it difficult. Los últimos estudios e informes revelan que la juventud tiene un concepto distorsionado de la violencia de género y sus niveles de tolerancia hacia las agresiones violentas por razón de género no disminuyen. En un contexto de preocupación institucional por la prevención y erradicación de esta violencia, el presente trabajo reflexiona sobre el concepto de violencia de género con la finalidad de emprender una comparación entre el imaginario colectivo adolescente o joven y las conceptualizaciones y transmisiones sociales, en este caso por parte de los media, que se hacen de este problema. A partir de un estudio conceptual basado en las descripciones teóricas feministas de las violencias que sufren las mujeres, una revisión de los marcos legislativos definitorios del problema (tanto a nivel nacional como internacional) y de datos sobre su representación en los medios de comunicación, se concluye que este problema es transmitido de modo simplista y reduccionista, muy alejado de los marcos de interpretación feministas, lo que dificulta su identificación y rechazo por parte de las personas jóvenes y adolescentes. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2612467

Résumé But de l’étude Depuis plus de deux ans, les équipes de la Maison des adolescents et du service de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg sont confrontées à la problématique de la radicalisation. Cet article a pour objectif de préciser les vulnérabilités psychiques préexistantes, ainsi que les mécanismes psychopathologiques à l’œuvre dans le processus de radicalisation. Méthodes et patients Nous nous appuyons sur le matériel clinique issu d’entretiens pédopsychiatriques individuels ou familiaux auprès de 25 adolescents radicalisés ou à risque de radicalisation. Résultats Nos observations cliniques confortent l’idée que l’engagement radical peut initialement être un moyen d’apaisement d’une souffrance psychique. Ainsi, au-delà de la collusion entre le processus adolescent et une offre radicale, nous avons repéré des fragilités dépressives et narcissiques, mais également des symptomatologies conversives et post-traumatiques et des troubles psychotiques. Les facteurs de risques sont divers, tant au niveau des dynamiques familiales qu’au niveau individuel (antécédents psychotraumatiques, trouble déficitaire de l’attention, épisode dépressif…). La réactivation traumatique et l’utilisation des mécanismes défensifs projectifs par les recruteurs permettent d’expliquer l’activation de mécanismes paranoïaques, pouvant aboutir à des passages à l’acte chez certains adolescents. Conclusion La multiplicité des facteurs de vulnérabilité, ainsi que la complexité des mécanismes psychopathologiques en jeu aux différents stades de la radicalisation, justifieraient une évaluation pédopsychiatrique. Davantage de recherches sur l’ensemble des vulnérabilités et sur les mécanismes psychopathologiques en jeu, ainsi que sur l’efficacité des accompagnements thérapeutiques sont nécessaires. Background For over two years, in Strasbourg (France) the teams of the University Department for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and from the “Maison des adolescents” have been facing the issue of radicalization in their daily work. The aim of this paper is to specify the psychological vulnerabilities and the psychopathological mechanisms underlying indoctrination processes in today's teenagers. Methods We used clinical observations of about twenty-five long-term follow-ups of adolescents who were already radicalized or supposedly at risk of radicalization. All underwent individual or familial therapy with child and adolescent psychiatrists between December 2014 and November 2016 in Strasbourg, either at the University Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry or at the “Maison des adolescents”, which is a primary care center for any adolescent issues. Results Our analyses support the hypothesis that radical engagement often soothes at first a preexisting psychological distress. The radicalization is more than a sociopolitical issue and more than the encounter of the adolescence process with a radical offer. Hence, in our group of adolescents, we have observed psychotic disorders, conversive and posttraumatic stress disorders and mainly depressive and narcissistic vulnerabilities. Our work reveals a variety of risk factors that are related to either family dynamics (fragility of inner family relationships, dysfunction of parental figures, parental depression or personality disorder…), or to individual fragilities (traumatic events during childhood, undiagnosed ADHD, depression, conduct disorder, etc.). Struggling against melancholic threats, the initial relief caused by the radicalization frequently contains paranoid mechanisms, which may lead to a violent acting out for some of these adolescents. Conclusion The majority of radicalization processes in adolescence, understood as a new symptom in teenagers, justify a psychiatric evaluation including a broad assessment of childhood psychological vulnerabilities, in order to design a targeted personalized care program. More studies are required in order to further characterize the personal and parental vulnerabilities and underlying psychopathological mechanisms of radicalization processes in adolescence and to evaluate the efficiency of targeted care programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé Face à la souffrance de l’adolescent suicidant, des interrogations fortes s’imposent au clinicien. Ces interrogations donnent lieu à des questionnements théorico-cliniques assez diversifiés : désir de vivre ou désir de mourir ? Recherche de l’autre ou anéantissement de l’objet ? Consacrer notre raisonnement au seul aspect destructeur de cet acte consisterait à laisser de côté les demandes adressées à l’objet. Reconnaître exclusivement dans la tentative de suicide la dimension relationnelle et organisatrice reviendrait à nier tout ce qui s’organise du côté de la mort. L’agir à l’adolescence nous met devant cette tâche difficile, consistant à « écouter » la souffrance d’autrui à des niveaux très contradictoires et à penser ce qui pour l’autre est impensable. Dans cet écrit, nous nous proposons d’illustrer la complexité de la clinique de l’adolescent suicidant, en prenant appui sur la diversité qui caractérise la réflexion psychanalytique francophone et anglophone, ainsi que sur le cas d’une adolescente suicidante de 15 ans. L’étude du discours de Léa, nous révèle que le geste suicidaire peut relever des processus psychiques et des degrés d’intrication pulsionnelle, très différents, pouvant cohabiter au sein d’un même sujet. En effet, certains passages à l’acte maintiennent une valeur structurante précieuse qui se potentialise dans la relation objectale, alors que d’autres dévoilent la massivité des processus primaires, le désinvestissement objectal, résultant d’un processus de déliaison pulsionnelle plus ou moins important. Background This article examines the understanding of suicide attempts in adolescence, a phenomenon which is particularly worrying nowadays and causes serious concern, which mental health professionals often have to deal with in their clinical practice. Some crucial clinical questions arise, in relation to this phenomenon: is the suicidal gesture a sign of an internal disaster, or a sign of reconstruction and psychic reorganisation? This question, which psychoanalysis has been particularly concerned with, gives rise to diverse theoretical and clinical questions: does the suicidal gesture indicate a desire to live or a desire to die? Does it indicate a search for the other or the object's annihilation? What part do life and death play in attempted suicide in adolescence? On one hand, when exclusively focusing on the destructive aspect of this act, the demands of suicidal adolescents towards objects may be neglected. On the other hand, only recognising the relational dimensions of such an act and its function of elaboration could lead us to deny its death function. While dealing with suicidal adolescents, the clinician must face the difficult task of “listening” to the suffering on many contradictory levels. Method In this paper, we will try to illustrate the complexity of the suicidal adolescent's psychic mechanisms. Firstly, a number of basic ideas from the Anglophone and Francophone psychoanalytic literature and research, regarding this topic, will be presented, in order to stress the complementary but often contradictory features of different theoretical and clinical contributions. This part of the article focuses on the dimension of destructiveness, which is discussed in its link to adolescent processes. Secondly, the case of a fifteen-year-old suicidal teenager, Lea, will be presented, in order to highlight the psychic mechanisms participating in suicide attempts in adolescence. Findings/Conclusion The study of Lea's discourse reveals that the suicidal gesture in adolescence is linked to very different psychic processes that can coexist within the same subject. Certain forms of acting out may have a relational function and thus a constructive value, while others reveal more primary processes and in some cases a withdrawal from the object, as a result of the diffusion of instincts. The objective of this article is to encourage clinicians to consider the plurality of the psychic mechanisms participating in suicide attempts during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Prévenir la récidive suicidaire chez l’adolescent est l’une de nos préoccupations lorsque nous recevons un jeune patient dans les suites d’une tentative de suicide. En effet, la récidive suicidaire reste importante, comprise entre 14 % et 28 % dans l’année suivant la tentative de suicide étudiée. Dans ce but, les recommandations préconisent un suivi suffisamment long et valorisent le maintien du lien avec le service de soins, ce qui est loin d’être aisé auprès d’adolescents qui n’ont souvent aucune demande de soins. Cette communication présente tout d’abord brièvement trois études menées auprès d’adolescents suicidants. La première étude porte sur le poids de la récidive suicidaire sur le devenir des adolescents ; la deuxième porte sur l’impact de ne plus être joignable par les équipes de soins à un an d’une tentative de suicide et la troisième sur les modalités d’utilisation des média par les adolescents suicidants. Ces études convergent finalement vers une idée : l’intérêt de la mise en place d’un dispositif de veille en postvention. Enfin, le dispositif de veille MEDIACONNEX est présenté, dispositif basé sur l’envoi de messages par SMS ou tout autre média qui sera évalué à partir d’un essai contrôlé randomisé. Preventing suicidal recurrence in adolescence is one of our concerns when we receive a young patient in the aftermath of a suicide attempt. Indeed, suicidal recurrence remains significant, between 14 % and 28 % in the year following the suicide attempt studied. For the purpose, the French recommendations advocate a sufficiently long follow-up and value the maintenance of the link with the care service, which is sometimes difficult with adolescents who often have no demand for care. This paper presents three studies of suicidal adolescents, which have in common a convergence towards an idea: the interest to set up a monitoring system in postvention. Objectives (1) To describe psychosocial outcomes of SAers and the weight of recurrence on these outcomes; (2) to study the impact of losing contact with caregivers during the year following SA; and (3) to study how young SAers use means of communication, and perceive social support they receive and their health-related quality of life. Materials and methods Three researches were carried out on adolescent SAers at Nancy university hospital, one of them in association with Strasbourg university hospital. Overall, 309 SAers participated in the first study: they were evaluated at time of SA and 10 years after SA. The second study concerned the correlation between a loss of contact with caregivers and SA recurrence occurring between 1 to 10 years after the initial SA of 249 young patients. The third study focuses on how 58 SAers use means of communication, and perceive social support they receive and their health-related quality of life. Results As an adult, the psychosocial situation of young SAers is impaired, especially for those who have a recurrence of SA during the year after index SA. The risk of recurrence increases in the 10 years following index SA for early SAers (OR = 2.3; 95 % CI = 1.1–4.9), and in the year following index SA when contact has been lost with caregivers (HR = 2.8; 95 % CI = 1.4–5.5). SAers preferentially use SMS to “keep in touch” with relatives and they assess on a less positive note than peers their social support and health-related quality of life. Finally, they would agree to receive SMS messages from caregivers and underline the interest of including a support message. Conclusion and perspectives SA recurrence is associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes and with higher risk of SA over the longer term. A loss of contact with caregivers 1 year after SA of inclusion was also associated with recurrence. Communication devices focusing on keeping in touch with SAers have been developed for adults over the last decades. Therefore, we developed a monitoring device based on SMS sending in order to prevent SA recurrence which will be assessed through a randomized controlled clinical trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the development of alcohol and cannabis use in two English and German adolescent cohorts, using longitudinal data from ongoing studies located in Peterborough and Duisburg respectively. We set out the two studies and detail the steps taken to make the comparisons presented. Unusually, this paper assesses this development simultaneously in both cohorts, using an under-utilized variation of a well-known technique (multiple-group multiple-cohort latent growth curve modelling). In keeping with expectations from other research, there are large differences in the proportions of young people in the two countries using cannabis and alcohol. The Peterborough cohort embarked on earlier initiation of both alcohol and cannabis use, and increase their frequency of use very quickly. Despite a one year chronological gap between the two study cohorts, the 13 year old Peterborough group drink (until drunk) and smoke cannabis at the same level as the 15 year old versions of their German counterparts. Although there are some methodological differences between the two projects, the results appear to be valid.In questo articolo viene svolta una comparazione sullo sviluppo, nel corso dell’adolescenza, del consumo di droghe leggere e alcol tra un campione di giovani tedeschi e inglesi, utilizzando i dati di due studi longitudinali panel condotti rispettivamente in Germania e in Inghilterra. Per questo confronto viene utilizzata una tecnica particolare (multiple-group multiple-cohort latent growth curve modelling) che permette di osservare similitudini e differenze nello sviluppo individuale del consumo di queste sostanze nel corso del tempo, con un’attenzione particolare alle differenze tra le due coorti. Nonostante alcune differenze di tipo metodologico tra i due studi, e comunque in sintonia con studi precedenti, si notano importanti differenze tra i due campioni. Il campione inglese infatti mostra un livello di consumo più alto rispetto a quello tedesco, differenza che rimane costante nel corso di tutta l’adolescenza e per entrambi le sostanze (cannabis e alcol). Dans cet article les auteurs procèdent à une analyse comparative du développement de la consommation de drogues légères et d’alcool entre un échantillon d’adolescents allemands et anglais, utilisant les données de deux études longitudinales panel menées respectivement en Allemagne et en Angleterre. Afin d’établir cette comparaison, ils utilisent une tecnique particulière (multiple-group multiple-cohort latent growth curve modelling) qui permet d’observer d’éventuelles similitudes et différences dans l’évolution du développement de la consommation individuelle de ces substances, en focalisant l’attention sur les diversités entre les deux cohortes. Malgré quelques différences méthodologiques entre les études, les auteurs remarquent des différences importantes entre les deux échantillons. En effet, dans le groupe d’adolescents anglais, le niveau de consommation est plus élevé que dans le groupe des allemands. De plus, cette diversité reste constante durant toute la période de l’adolescence et pour les deux substances (cannabis et alcool).

This paper discusses the emergence of the notion of adolescence throughout post-Second World War Europe. Jointly examining the French and Italian bodies of knowledge in this field from 1945 up to 1958, this comparative analysis allows for one to have a sense of the evolutionary process that lead to psychology becoming the expert discipline in the field of adolescence. Based on the intense editorial production characterising this period, this paper analyses the various debates revolving around the construction of a specific knowledge on adolescence, especially around the vulgarisation of this new field of study. Furthermore, the comparative perspective of this paper allows one to observe the flow of knowledge between these two areas as well as to understand the prominent role of Catholicism in the making and spreading of these new fields of knowledge.

Résumé À partir de différents constats quant aux enjeux de l’estime de soi à l’adolescence, cet article présente le développement d’une nouvelle échelle pour la mesurer. Conçue de manière multidimensionnelle, elle scrute les principales sphères de vie des adolescents. Les études de validation ont permis d’asseoir une structure factorielle satisfaisante, accompagnée d’une bonne consistance interne de chaque dimension et d’une fidélité test-retest élevée. Sa validité externe a été explorée par la passation simultanée du MDI-C et montre que toutes les dimensions de l’estime de soi sont associées aux symptômes dépressifs. Aussi, les variations dans l’estime de soi, et ses composantes, selon le sexe et la trajectoire scolaire ont amené à la construction d’étalonnages spécifiques filles/garçons et lycéens/apprentis. Drawing from the international statements about self-esteem's issues, this paper presents the development of a new French scale to assess it. With a multidimensional design, the tool aims to scrutiny the adolescents’ principal areas of life. The elements of validity showed that the factorial structure was satisfactory, the internal consistence of each dimension was good and the test-retest fidelity was quite high. The external validity was explored with the assistance of the MDI-C and showed that all dimensions of self-esteem were linked to depressive symptoms. The variations of the self-esteem, and of its components, depending on the gender and on the academic course have led us to build specific standardization for boys and girls and for apprentices and high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Classiquement, dans les sociétés occidentales, lorsqu’un jeune adopté présente une souffrance psychopathologique, celle-ci est mise en relation avec l’abandon initial et les conséquences de celle-ci. Le risque est de stigmatiser l’adoption et de réduire les difficultés de l’adolescent à celle-ci. Au moment de l’arrivée de l’enfant adopté dans la famille, une rencontre doit s’opérer nécessitant un véritable processus d’adoption réciproque où l’histoire de la famille adoptive mais aussi les représentations d’attachement intériorisées des parents adoptifs joueraient un rôle tout aussi essentiel dans le devenir de l’adolescent adopté. En effet, les difficultés des parents à inscrire leur enfant dans leur filiation sont souvent l’écho des blessures de filiation propre à la question qui a été à l’origine de l’adoption. Le sentiment d’appartenance à une famille dépend de cette rencontre entre chacun de ses membres. Dès lors, la compréhension psychopathologique des troubles des adolescents adoptés doit pouvoir être envisagée, comme pour tous les adolescents, dans leur histoire de vie personnelle, en ce compris les évènements de vie précoces mais aussi dans leur histoire environnementale et filiative. Elle doit aussi être comprise du côté de l’histoire de la famille adoptive, du couple des parents adoptants et de la qualité du processus d’adoption réciproque. In Western societies, psychopathological suffering of adopted teenagers is traditionally assumed to be related (only) to the initial abandonment and its consequences. As a consequence, teenager sufferings are likely to be reduced to adoption. As for any suffering patient, psychopathological disorder of adopted children should be actually understood from their entire personal life history – including of course the traumatic adoption event – but also from the filiation and environmental context/history. This means that the disorder may also root from the adoptive couple and its own history. The contribution of this paper is also to consider to which extent the encounter between the adoptive parents and their child (the mutual adoption) does also play a role in the adopted child's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs À l’adolescence, certains sujets souffrant de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) présentent des troubles du comportement sévères. Cet article résume les deux premières années d’activité d’une unité nouvelle dédiée à ces situations complexes. Méthodes Après deux études colligeant les facteurs de risque de décompensation aiguë parmi les adolescents et jeunes adultes atteints de TSA admis en unité neurocomportementale pluridisciplinaire spécialisée (Perisse et al., 2010 ; Guinchat et al., 2015), nous proposons de résumer les principaux enseignements cliniques que nous avons acquis et d’illustrer, au travers de trois situations cliniques paradigmatiques, la pertinence de notre approche pluridisciplinaire. Résultats Les étiologies les plus fréquentes de décompensation aiguë parmi les patients atteints de TSA sont les causes organiques (épilepsie, pathologies douloureuses), environnementales (absence de soins, trouble de l’adaptation) et psychiatriques (catatonie, épisode dépressif majeur, trouble bipolaire, schizophrénie). Après la démarche diagnostique, traiter l’épilepsie, les pathologies douloureuses, les comorbidités psychiatriques et les causes environnementales a été particulièrement utile. En outre, une plus longue durée d’hospitalisation était corrélée à un score plus élevé à l’échelle de fonctionnement global à la sortie, et ce même après ajustement des facteurs confondants. Les observations cliniques rapportent la démarche diagnostique et la conduite du traitement d’une cause organique intriquée à des désordres liés à une iatrogénie médicamenteuse (cas 1), d’une comorbidité psychiatrique non autistique (cas 2), et d’une communication environnementale déviante avec conséquences développementales (cas 3). Conclusion Les troubles sévères du comportement des adolescents autistes peuvent être dus à des facteurs de risque environnementaux, psychiatriques ou somatiques (épilepsie, pathologies algiques). La pertinence de la prise en charge de ces troubles du comportement en unités neurocomportementales spécialisées est soutenue par les résultats recueillis après deux ans d’activité. Background During adolescence, some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) engage in severe challenging behaviors, such as aggression, self-injury, disruption, agitation and tantrums. To better help patients and families with such conditions, the Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) d’Île-de-France recently opened a multidisciplinary neurobehavioral unit connected with three mobile units. This paper summarizes our first two years of activities. Methods Based on two previous studies assessing risks factors associated with very acute behavioral crises in adolescents with ASD admitted to a dedicated multidisciplinary neurobehavioral unit (Perisse et al., 2010; Guinchat et al., 2015), we aim to summarize our clinical experience of this complex situation and compare it to the available literature. To illustrate the clinical relevance of this approach, we report three paradigmatic clinical observations with their outcomes. Results Most common etiologies for acute behavioral crises in patients with ASD are organic causes (including epilepsy and painful medical conditions), environmental causes (including lack of treatment and adjustment disorder), and non-ASD psychiatric condition (including catatonia, major depressive episode, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia). Diagnosis making is challenging given the frequent poor communication skills and comorbid intellectual disability. When diagnosed, treating seizures, painful medical conditions, non-ASD psychiatric diagnoses and environmental issues was particularly helpful. Also, longer hospitalization was correlated with higher Global Assessment Scale (GAS) score at discharge even after adjustment for confounding factors. The three case reports summarize how diagnosis and treatment were conducted in the case of an organic cause (case 1), of a non-ASD acute psychiatric comorbidity (case 2) and of environmental dysfunctional communication with developmental consequences (case 3). Conclusion Challenging behaviors among adolescents with ASD may stem from diverse risk factors, including environmental problems, comorbid acute psychiatric conditions, or somatic illness. The clinical relevance of the management of these behavioral challenges in specific neurobehavioral units is supported by the first evidence gathered after two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper was to compare foster care and typical children''s and adolescent''s use of emotion regulation processes through coping. Developmental shifts in coping strategies were expected to change coping profiles during the transition from childhood to adolescence and enhance a less adaptive coping style in foster adolescents. Methods and population: One hundred and forty-two children and adolescents, from 7 to 16years, participated to this study, 46 were in foster care and 96 were in typical families. Most families lived on medium incomes with a low to medium educational attainment. An Hierarchical Classification Ascendant (method consisting to build a partition of the population into homogeneous clusters [low within-variability] which are different one from another [high between-variability]) was used to identify three coping profiles in children and adolescents: “flexible”, “avoidant”, and “active”. This method allowed us to set up children and adolescent profiles as a function of their ages, their social status and their gender. Results: It was revealed that 30% of foster care children and adolescents used a “flexible” coping profile in the same proportion as in the control population. In both populations, there was an increase of the adaptive “flexible” coping profile with age. However, a placement in foster families after 6years old increased adolescents’ vulnerability since between 12 and 16, they used less the “active” coping profile and more the “avoidant” coping style when faced with a stressor. The coping profiles of foster care girls differ significantly from those of girls in typical families with a greater proportion of “avoidant” coping profiles. Conclusion: These results suggest that the transition from childhood to adolescence alters emotion regulation in both populations. They are discussed within the framework of clinical intervention following the resilience perspective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The role and meaning of narratives in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy has begun to be explored over the past few years. Little, if any, of this material has been related to adolescent psychotherapy and it is the purpose of this paper to make sorne preliminary inquiries into how narratives might operate in this sphere. To explore this hypothesis, Peter Blos' ideas on adolescent acting out are related to a the ory of narrative developed by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. Blos' conceives of adolescent acting out as a part of attempts by adolescents to develop a coherant identity in what Blos refers to as a second individuation process. A link is proposed between adolescent acting out and Ricoeur s notion of narrative as the structure which undergirds the process of identity formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This paper emphasizes the variety of peer relationships and their impact on the psychological and social-emotional development of adolescents of their attachment to school. In greater detail, this study analyzes the impact of social status on school commitment/disengagement within suburban schools (socially disadvantaged areas). We define social status as the social position of a person in a group: popular, rejected, lonely profile, etc. We study it based on the integration of an adolescent to a peer group, on the acknowledgment than he gets back, on the quality of his relationships with the other members of the group and on the fact he is/is not able to curb the peer pressure. Methods and population: We asked 186 adolescents, pupils of a suburban school (58% of them are girls and 42% are boys). Most families live on low (or medium) incomes with a low educational attainment. A Decreasing Hierarchical Classification (DHC, Alceste, a method which consists of providing clusters by bringing them together according to their similarity) was used to identify five adolescents’ profiles: “followers/aggressive”, “popular”, “rejected”, “lonely” and “estimates”. This approach allowed us to set up typical adolescent profiles based on their social status and illustrated with their school disengagement. Results: It was revealed that adolescents with “extreme” relationships (profiles: famous, aggressive or rejected) are those experiencing more difficulties at school. Their relationships are based either on power, on research for conformity or on strong emotional dependence. This leads them to bad school behaviors (practicing other activities at school, inattention, or being passive during class) because of their values too far from school requirements. Adolescents who have balanced and satisfying relationships succeed better. The support and the security from peers make them more cognitively available during class. The adolescents who do not belong to any group are also good performers: this way, they avoid social pressure so that they can concentrate on school activities. Conclusion: After all, these results underlie that the social status of a adolescents in his group of peers can generate individual problems affecting his personality, his self-esteem, his sociability, his values and, as a consequence, his whole school journey. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: The model of comprehension in anorexia improves with this of a particular perceptive organisation. Neuroscience carries out an explanation to the mechanisms, which integrate the perceptive system. In another hand, psychodynamic theories propose an attempt of comprehension. These models could be helpful for clinician to use a new form of clinic. This paper is a first step carrying clinical observations realised with anorectic adolescents with a specific associative listening. Then become possible to describe a new clinic, which seems specific to anorexia: clinic of physiologic functions, clinic of perceptive functions, more particularly olfactive and gustative. Then we observe different forms going from disordered state, to distortion until disappearance. It creates a new comprehension of anorectic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The purpose of this paper is to identify the possible links between family secret and psychopathology in adolescence. This text concerns the 14-year-old young girl, Kimberley, in a psychiatric unit for teenagers. In the exposed situation, the patient is a holder of the secret. Nevertheless, the presence of the secret gives to the girl the sensation of having “a hidden life” and to be excluded from a part of her family. The teenager arose from a union between her mother and a married man. The secret is that the wife and the children of this one do not know the existence of the patient. The secret, source of a very early trauma, before the birth of the patient could be responsible for a dissociative identity disorder. Family interviews allowed to bring to light factors of maintenance of secrecy, such as the considerable part of the maternal inheritance in the preservation of the silence and the fact that the father of the patient, formerly demonized, was completely immured himself in his secret. The young person realized the risk which constituted the disclosure of the secret for the stability of the system but nevertheless wished to offload a weight. Indeed, the disorders bound to a secret do not disappear necessarily with its disclosure. The therapeutic work mainly aimed at clarifying the situation for the patient so that she can make links between what she expressed by symptoms and what she had to hide. The implication of the father was essential to limit the feeling of non-gratitude felt by the teenager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In spite of its conceptual differences with the International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10), the 2010 revision of the French Classification for Children and Adolescents Mental Disorders (FCCAMD) tries to propose a correspondence table as complete as possible, between the categories of both classifications, reaching their complete transcoding. The aim is to allow the continuation of CFTMEA use while responding to national and international constraints. After describing the national and international current constraints, the solutions found and the obstacles faced by the transcoding, this paper is led to observe that what opposes to the full correspondence between these two classifications is also what makes the interest of their coexistence: ICD-10 offers a categorical approach to psychiatric diagnostic, while FCCAMD brings dimensional psychopathological complementary informations essential in child and adolescent psychiatry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: This paper engages into a global assessment of statistics and their potential uses, ranging from 19th century accounts of “suicidal acts” by the central services of criminal justice in France, to European comparative data on suicide in the years 2000. The most recent facts and figures about teenagers’ suicides in France are taken into account, thanks to the Inserm records on deaths by suicide and to public polls on suicidal attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: When adolescents are severely disturbed and need to be treated, it is always a challenge to create a therapeutic setting which allows them to stay in treatment for an extended period of time. Despite the diversification of the therapeutic approaches these last 50 years, it is still a problem to bring an adolescent to accept psychical care and motive him to follow the treatment after the first session. In 1983, in a paper “Depressive adolescence, pathology of narcissism and therapeutic chess”, Ladame underlines the difficulty of treating narcissistic fragile adolescents for whom any trade with objects is felt to be a potential danger for their vulnerable identity. However these difficulties should not be prohibitive and clinical experience with severly disturbed adolescents led us to experiment and offer setting adjustments of psychodynamic therapies to make them tolerable to their narcissistic needs. We shall illustrate such setting adjustments with some highlights of a treatment started with this strange request “Could you make me an therapy ambulante?” (In french, it is a sort of condensation of ambulatoire which is an out-patient facility and ambulant meaning walking. We will try to pinpoint major obstacles in pursuit of treatments as well as advantages, risks and limits also of such adaptations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: What is the future for children affected by pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)? In this paper, we wish to contribute answering this question by studying how children with PDD being treated into the child day care unit of Montperrin Hospital at Aix-en-Provence between 1988 and 2005 evolved when reaching adolescence and adulthood. Our study includes 32 subjects (29 boys and three girls) with PDD. In order to describe their initial clinical status at the day care unit during childhood, we built individual assessment scales including the following items: i) diagnosis according to ICD-10 (WHO, 1994) and CFTMEA-R (2000); ii) verbal and intellectual levels; iii) level of social interaction, and iv) scholar status, and we fulfilled these scales according to information found in their files archived at Montperrin Hospital. To describe their current clinical status, we established individual questionnaires including the same items plus their current type of care, the various activities they practice, and their life project, and we sent the questionnaires to the psychiatrists of the medico-social structures and services where the subjects are currently treated. Results of our study overall show that the outcome of children with PDD is not that dark comparatively to what was first described in the literature. For instance, the number of mute subjects was divided by two. When reaching adolescence, subjects interact more with their peers (more than 80% of the children did not have any social interaction at the day care unit versus 50% now). Several symptoms significantly improved such as self-injury, hetero-aggressive behaviours and hyperactivity. On the other hand inadequate, stereotyped and odd behaviours and movements mostly persisted, which constitute limitations for their social and professional adaptation. As already underlined in previous studies, a low IQ and the absence of language after five years old are bad prognosis factors. The diagnosis category is also a prognosis factor, infantile autism having the worst prognosis. We also suggest that the change of nosographic references, which corresponds to changes of representations and of type of treatments and education, is able to explain the better prognosis of PDD. The main problem confirmed by our study is the lack of structures and services really adapted to their disorders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Studies have shown that hallucinations and delusions occur in a number of different populations including psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients and in nonclinical individuals. However, the majority of these studies have included adult populations. The goal of the present article is to review the research on hallucinations and delusions in children and adolescents. The prevalence, characteristics and nature of hallucinations and delusions in both nonclinical and clinical child and adolescent populations will be presented. The paper will conclude with a discussion of important issues and questions, including various clinical and theoretical implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper examines adolescence from the perspective of initiation, in order to take stock of Lacan’s contribution. Lacan did not often use the terms ‘adolescence’ and ‘puberty’. His teaching did however ascribe an important place to this period of youth, when one becomes a man or a woman, expecting from Others knowledge providing the key to adulthood. Based on his comments on the ancient Mystery cults and tribal rites described by Bettelheim, we will see that from Lacan’s work emerges the argument that there is no initiation. This is what constitutes the disarming experience of adolescence, on two different registers. There is no knowledge explaining how to be a man or a woman, just as there is no science of enjoyment. Instead, there is only the reminder, fraught with danger for the subject, of one’s castration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To be able to work with youth from immigrant families, we have to adapt our clinical frame and take in account the specific identity issues present in adolescents. This “cultural sensitive child psychiatry practice” is inspired from concepts and methods developed by French ethnopsychiatric schools; it also takes in account constraints associated with a general child psychiatric practice. In this paper, we underline different developmental challenges identified for cultural minority adolescents concerning their identity development. We present a clinical case that illustrates those issues as well as the challenges of a severe cultural transmission deficiency in a given family. “Working with culture in reverse” means reintroducing actively some cultural elements that remains silent and unavailable for the family; it is hoped that this particular technique of practice can support the family in its attempt to fill narrative blanks and lead to a better and stronger identity development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Child and adolescent anorexia nervosa is now recognised as multi-etiological pathology. Despite the level of understanding, death rate is still important. The aim of this paper is to describe clinical experience with anorectic adolescents when the risk of death is extremely strong. Through the description of a case report we underline the importance of psychodynamic understanding. It is an helpful instrument in the choice of therapeutical interventions. We present a theorical point of view and the subsequent practical results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Abstract: Bowlby''s attachment theory emphasizes the importance of early child-environment interactions in order to develop “internal working models”, secure or insecure, which will influence future relationships with caregivers, peers and other members of the environment. Many factors are involved in the development of eating disorders, and for some authors anorexia nervosa may also be considered as a form of psychological regulation. It is surmised that this type of regulation facilitates coping with occurrences of separation during the “separation-individuation” stage of the adolescent period in a specific group of adolescents who are vulnerable to separation or transition events. During puberty, it has been observed that this vulnerable group displays a specific pattern of attachment or modification of prior internal models of attachment. Following Mary Ainsworth''s paradigm, many studies have therefore suggested that subjects with eating disorders show “insecure” attachment, and more precisely “avoidant” attachment in anorexia nervosa. Recent studies on family functioning in anorexia nervosa have also suggested specific types of family interactions, enmeshed and rigid, and some authors such as Stevenson-Hinde hypothesized a link between family functioning and attachment strategies. We decided to study a population of young anorexic girls in terms of their quality of attachment and family interactions, and hypothesized that attachment types in subjects with anorexia nervosa would be associated with maternal type of attachment and specific family functioning. This paper describes a study conducted on a cohort of 29 subjects from the Outpatient Eating Disorder Unit of Robert Debré Hospital in Paris. Ten female adolescents with a mean age of 14 years and a DSM-IV diagnosis of restrictive anorexia nervosa, their ten mothers and nine fathers agreed to participate in the study. The main objective was to examine links between attachment strategies in outpatients with anorexia nervosa, their mode of transmission and family functioning. Two self-questionnaires were administered: Ca-mir and FACES III. Results suggested that patients and families perceived themselves as having secure attachment and that attachment transmission stemmed from the paternal rather than the maternal side. Our results do not confirm those from previous studies on attachment and anorexia nervosa. Young anorectic patients from our cohort perceived themselves as secure whereas in the literature attachment is described as insecure. Several reasons may explain this result. Our cohort of patients had a mean age of 14 years; previous studies were performed on older adolescents or young adults and it is possible that attachment strategies change over time, especially during adolescence when the subject is faced with the separation-individuation stage. At the beginning of puberty, young subjects may display a secure attachment which may be modified towards the end of puberty. Bowlby has suggested that attachment may be sensitive to psychotherapy; our subjects were involved in outpatient treatment or family therapy that may also have influenced their attachment strategies. Mothers from our group described insecure attachment but surprisingly it is the fathers'' attachment type which is supposed to be transmitted to daughters. Perhaps these insecure women have chosen specific companions to protect themselves and their children? In opposition to Stevenson-Hinde''s hypothesis, we did not find a correlation between attachment strategies and family functioning. Nevertheless, our results have to be interpreted with caution because of methodological biases. Our cohort is small, we have no control group and the “gold instrument” for evaluating attachment is the Adult Attachment Interview that is not validated as a French instrument. In conclusion, results from this study do not confirm the existence of relationships between insecure attachment and anorexia nervosa, or attachment type and family functioning, in young subjects. Future controlled studies are needed in order to explore attachment and psychopathology in children and adolescents, links between attachment, family functioning and internal temperamental dimensions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Teenager oscillates between the ‘settled family memory’ and his ‘personal memory’ (Muxel). This intrapsychic and relational conflict is intensive, due to the teenager''s lack of ‘bagage’. This paper emphasizes upon the way that teenagers acquire spatial notions, in a compensatory manner. Such a strategy seems to be the royal road, the very essence, of the ‘work of historization’ (Aulagnier) related to the ‘process of subjectivation’ (Richard). The author demonstrates those ideas through the exemple of the fascination for underground space. Typical of teens, this passion represents a way to name their genealogical affiliation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the psychoanalytic individual psychodrama, as practiced in France within a psychiatric institution. After an overview of historical and theoretical issues, authors present a case report concerning the outcome of an adolescent suffering from schizophrenia, after ten years of treatment. The case analysis highlights the re-investment of mental functioning and the recover of the free association ability. Specially, authors describe the last year of the treatment and the pathways by which main psychical conflicts have been elaborated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Progress in knowledge about bipolar disorders, in their clinical, etiological and therapeutic aspects, led these last 20 years to increase the interest for the childhood and adolescence onset forms of these disorders, even if they are rare. In this way, numerous studies emphasized the difficulties encountered in making the diagnosis at this age, mainly because the heterogeneity of the clinical picture observed. In this paper, the authors present the results of a retrospective, descriptive, clinical study performed from 50 cases attended in the Razi hospital child and adolescent psychiatry department in Tunis between 1996 and 2001. Among the 470 adolescents hospitalized in the Razi hospital child and adolescent psychiatry department in Tunis between 1996 and 2001, 50 were diagnosed as having bipolar disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. Their clinical records were analyzed by means of an epidemiological card drawn from the WASH-U-SADS. Twenty-eight girls and 22 boys were included in the study. The mean age of these subjects at their first hospitalization was 15.8 years; 30% were firstly hospitalized between the age of 14 and 15 years, 24% between the age of 18 and 19 years. The mean duration of their follow-up was 28 months (6–72 months). Forty-four percent of them had previously exhibited episodes of mild depressive manifestations, 16% undiagnosed major depressive disorder, and 14% (only girls) suicide attempts. Familial history of mental disorders was found in 40% of them: non affective psychoses in 18% of the cases, bipolar disorders in 16%, major depressive disorder in 4% and alcohol dependence in 2%. Ninety-four percent of the patients were diagnosed as having bipolar I disorder and 6% bipolar II disorder. The diagnoses at their first hospitalization were very heterogeneous: manic episode in 48% of the cases, major depressive episode with psychotic features in 30%, schizophreniform disorder in 14%, mixed episode in 4%, and adjustment disorder in 4%. The atypical diagnoses were found significantly more frequent in patients firstly hospitalized before the age of 16 years (P < 0.005). During the follow-up, 92 manic episodes were recorded. The analysis of the manic episode clinical features also showed that atypical manifestations (mixed episodes or with psychotic features) were significantly more frequent in the patients firstly hospitalized before the age of 16 years (P < 0.02). Concerning the therapeutic aspects, mood stabilizers were used from the first manic episode in 82% of the cases. The adjunction of an antipsychotic agent during the acute phase of the mood episodes was found relatively frequent, probably because of the frequency of the psychotic features observed during these episodes. These results confirm numerous data previously reported in comparable studies. More particularly, they agree with the recently evoked hypothesis of two separate phenotypes in juvenile bipolar disorders: the early onset forms, in the youngest people, are characterized by an onset usually depressive type and by the occurrence of mood episodes frequently atypical in their clinical and developing aspects; while the later onset forms look almost like the clinical picture usually observed in adulthood. These data also show that it is essential to assess carefully the mood condition in children and adolescents exhibiting atypical pathological episodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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The adoptive situation remains an emotionally rich, human experience for all the people who live through it (parents, children, brothers and sisters…). But being an adopted child generates a specific psychic development. Since the adopted child also adopts his parents, he becomes an adopting child who must manage many conflicts in relation with his identity. The problems of identity re-appear in particular during adolescence. The young adoptee not only must understand who he is within the actual facts of his birth, that is the fact he was abandoned, but he also must feel he belongs to his adoptive lineage. A series of transactions occur to settle the filiation feeling at stake. It appears that autobiographical variables, little explored so far, must be taken into account in order to understand the adopted adolescent better. The age of adoption certainly is important in this study, but the age at which abandonment occurred and the time elapsed between the two events (latency) are of particular significance. This paper provides a few results as well as a case study explaining them and allowing an appropriate intervention to be considered for young adoptees who may be faced with psychic difficulties. It seems that beyond the identity, integration and self-fulfilment problems, adoption remains an enriching experience, a source of fulfilment for the human being. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The goal of this paper is to examine whether family conflicts can predict aggression symptoms in adolescents and to provide guidance for intervention and prevention. The research was conducted on a sample of 1036 respondents/high school students (grades 1-4) from Banja Luka and Čelinac (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The 61.3% of the respondents were female. Instruments for assessing the family climate experience were used in the research, the Family Conflict subscale (FCI – Family Climate Inventory; Mihić et al. 2006), as well as the Questionnare for Assessing Agression Symptoms – BODTH (Dinić et al., 2014). The research tested the hypothesis that family conflicts can predit aggression in adolescents. The findings confirmed the hypothesis that family conflict is a statistically significant prediction method for: anger ((F (1,1034)=73,81, p

This paper explores how through narrative pedagogies inspired simultaneously by divine pedagogy revealed in Scripture and the power of modern media to visually represent the human heart’s most profound longings, divine revelation can, through Catholic Religious Education (CRE), reach and transform adolescent hearts. Such a transformation is made possible through adolescents’ expression of transcendence in a communal context that is facilitated when metaphor’s power in helping adolescents tell stories about themselves is unlocked through photography and film. These media teach young people use their capacity for imagination and critical thinking more effectively and produce narratives of self through which they narrate who they are and would like to be. Such media impact identity through the process of merging words, imagery, music and movement, and can be so dynamic and effective in representing self. CRE can thus enable young people to become critical, even of their own past experiences, make them more integrated and coherent, empower them to meet life’s challenges, and afford them the opportunity to project their lives in the future as they wish them to be. All throughout such a process, adolescents learn more what God’s revelation entails and its potential to make human life more beautiful and meaningful.

This paper publishes a black-figured skyphos by the CHC Group (500-490 BC) depicting fishermen. Οn side A, two youths and a bearded man in short himation and cap stride to the right while carrying baskets hanging from poles. Side B depicts a transaction between the first youth of a group of three and a man in perizoma. The youth offers a basket containing three fishes to the man, who is about to receive them in a similar, but empty basket. The youths are depicted in heroic/ritual nudity. The second one in the group is wreathed and holds the lower part of a fish in one hand, while raising his other hand with a piece of fish-meat towards his face. All fish (presumably tuna) are represented with their tails up. By using the metaphor of the sea-hunt and the subsequent celebrations marking its successful completion (offering of dekatê to the gods and ritual meal), the painter of this skyphos visualized a civic and cultural ideal, namely the education of youths (agoge).

Internet offers interesting informations concerning health issues. This paper presents a selection of french sites destined for youth about general and reproductive health. Pediatricians could recommend them to their adolescent patients. These adresses and their content need to be checked at regular intervals [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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