Search

National audience; Interactive paper technologies offer new opportunities for supporting the highly individual practices of creative artists, such as contemporary music composers, who express and explore their ideas on both paper and the computer. We introduce PaperComposer, a graphical interface builder that allows users to create a personalized interactive paper interface that they can connect to their own computer-based musical data. We also present an API that facilitates the development of interactive paper components for PaperComposer. We describe one public demonstration of a novel musical interface designed for children and our collaborations with composers to create two novel interactive music interfaces that reflected their individual composition styles.

National audience; Les salles de classes sont de plus en plus équipées de dispositifs informatiques qui permettent aux enseignants de diffuser des ressources multimédia pendant les cours. Nous avons donc d'une part des enseignants encouragés à diffuser des ressources numériques et d'autre part des élèves qui continuent principalement à prendre des notes sur des cahiers papier traditionnels. Cet article présente un prototype de logiciel de prise de notes augmentée (appelé U-Note) qui s'appuie sur la technologie des sty-los numérique Anoto pour tenter de concilier ces deux types de supports.

National audience; Research contributions to improve interactive systems reliability as, for now, mainly focused towards fault occurrence prevention by removing software bugs at development time. However, Interactive Systems complexity is so high that whatever efforts are deployed at development time, faults and failures occur at operation time. Root causes of such failures may be due to transient hardware faults or (when systems are used in high atmosphere) may be so called "natural faults" triggered by alpha particles in processors or neutrons from cosmic radiations. This paper proposes an exhaustive identification of faults to be handled in order to improve interactive systems reliability. As currently no research has been carried out in the field of interactive systems to detect and remove natural faults, this paper proposes a software architecture providing fault-tolerant mechanisms dedicated to interactive systems. More precisely, the paper how such architecture addresses the various component of interactive applications namely widgets, user application and window manager. These concepts are demonstrated through a case study from the domain of interactive cockpits of large civil aircrafts. \; La recherche pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs s’est, pour l’instant, principalement dirigée vers la prévention d’introduction de fautes par la suppression des bugs lors du développement. Cependant, la complexité des systèmes interactifs est telle que, quels que soient ces efforts, des défaillances apparaissent lors de leur utilisation. Les causes de telles défaillances peuvent être dues à des pannes matérielles intermittentes ou (quand ces systèmes sont utilisés en haute altitude (avions, véhicules spatiaux …) être déclenchées par des fautes naturelles dues aux particules alpha dans les processeurs ou aux neutrons issus des radiations cosmiques. Cet article propose l’identification exhaustive des problématiques se posant pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs en prenant en compte à la fois les erreurs faites dans les phases de développement et les fautes qui peuvent se produire lors de leur utilisation. Du fait qu’aucune recherche n’a été menée à ce jour pour détecter et éliminer les fautes naturelles, l’article propose aussi une architecture logicielle pour intégrer des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes interactifs. L’article présente en particulier comment cette architecture couvre les différents composants d’un système interactif incluant les widgets, le gestionnaire de fenêtres et l’application interactive. Ces concepts sont mis en œuvre sur une application interactive de cockpits d’avions civils.

International audience; Several separate displays are used by Air Traffic Controllers, such as radar view, flight lists view or paper strips. In order to link the information between these views and keep focus on a subset of flights, controllers are required to do visual operations (eye gaze, analysis of visual properties etc.). This process can be disruptive when traffic increases and when visualizations display large amounts of objects. In this paper we propose the use of animated transitions to replace the visual paths controllers take. We discuss this technique and show results of a predictive evaluation that suggests an improvement in users' performance.

4 pages, démonstrations; National audience; In this paper, we discuss a choice of props for a dedicated task: selecting a cutting line from a top map. We present GeoTUI, a tabletop and a Tangible User Interface intended to geosciences. Several props have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. We begin with an analysis of the advantages of addressing a specific domain in this kind of study.; Nous nous intéressons à la sélection d'une ligne de coupe dans un modèle 3D. Nous nous situons donc dans le pa-radigme des interfaces utilisateurs 3D (3DUI). Dans ce contexte, il est intéressant pour adresser un problème gé-néral d'expérimenter sur des applications métiers complexes porteuses de contraintes et d'exigences, ici les géosciences. Dans le cadre de l'interface proposée, table interactive et interface tangible, nous étudions les diffé-rentes métaphores d'interaction possibles et déterminons le meilleur interacteur pour la tâche ciblée. ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss a choice of props for a dedicated task: selecting a cutting line from a top map. We present GeoTUI, a tabletop and a Tangible User Interface intended to geosciences. Several props have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. We begin with an analysis of the advantages of addressing a specific domain in this kind of study.

International audience; Decreasing electricity consumption is a major challenge of our society. Eco-feedback methods allow users to get information about their electricity consumption to reduce it. However it is still difficult to determine what are the actions that impact the consumption in practice. In this paper we suggest to apply a What if approach to eco-feedback in a household context. We deploy the Activelec system in personal housings, which allows to apply virtual modifications in appliances usage and to evaluate the savings realized. The results of our experimentation show that participants appreciated the interaction method based on the What if. It allowed them to find and to evaluate efficient modifications in their appliances usage, and several have been applied in practice by the participants. This experimentation shows that the What if paradigm is a potential way for eco-feedback technologies.; Réduire la consommation d’électricité est un enjeu majeur de notre société. Les méthodes eco-feedback permettent aux utilisateurs d’obtenir un retour sur leur consommation d’électricité afin de la diminuer. Toutefois, il est toujours difficile de déterminer concrètement quelles actions impactent la consommation. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’appliquer une méthode What if à l’eco-feedback en contexte domestique. Nous déployons le système Activelec dans des logements personnels, qui permet d’appliquer des changements virtuels dans l’utilisation des appareils et d’évaluer les économies réalisées. Les résultats de notre expérimentation montrent que les participants ont apprécié la méthode d’interaction basée sur le What if. Celle-ci leur a permis de trouver et d’évaluer des modifications efficaces dans l’utilisation de leurs appareils, et certaines ont été appliquées en pratique par les participants. Cette expérimentation montre que le paradigme What if est une piste potentielle pour les technologies eco-feedback.

In this paper, we present a framework to evaluate the human correction of a speaker diarization. We propose four elementary actions to correct the diarization and an automaton to simulate the correction sequence. A metric is described to evaluate the correction cost. The framework is evaluated using French broadcast news drawn from the REPERE corpus., Dans cet article, nous présentons un simulateur dédié à l'évaluation des corrections humaines sur la tâche de Segmentation et Regroupement en Locuteurs (SRL). Nous proposons quatre actions élémentaires afin de corriger une SRL et un automate pour simuler la séquence de corrections. Une mesure est proposée pour évaluer le coût de correction. Le simulateur est évalué en utilisant des émissions françaises d'information tirées du corpus REPERE.

International audience; In desktop 3D modeling applications, object manipulation relies on the use of standard transformation widgets. However, these widgets are less efficient on touchscreens due to the low accuracy of touch inputs, and also to the fingertip occlusion issue. In this paper, we propose two unimanual constrained manipulation techniques on TabletPCs. Based on finger identification, our techniques map the index, middle and ring fingers of the dominant hand to the X, Y and Z axes of the coordinate system. After registering the axis-fingers mapping on the screen, users can perform different chording gestures to trigger axis-, plane-constrained or uniform manipulations. We have conducted a user study to examine the learnability and usability of the proposed gestures. The results indicate that these gestures can be memorized quickly after a short training period. Users found some gestures to be easy to use and comfortable while others require additional investigations. These findings permits to give recommendations for designing a unimanual constrained manipulation technique that can be used efficiently in a 3D modeling application on TabletPCs.; Dans les applications de modélisation 3D sur PC, la manipulation avec contraintes d'objets repose sur l’utilisation des widgets de transformation 3D. Cependant, ces widgets sont moins efficaces pour une utilisation sur des écrans tactiles en raison de la faible précision des dispositifs d’entrée et des problèmes d'occultation. Dans ce papier, deux nouvelles techniques uni-manuelles de manipulation 3D sur TabletPC sont proposées. Basées sur l’identification des doigts, nos deux techniques associent l'index, le majeur et l'annulaire de la main dominante aux axes x, y et z du système de coordonnées. Après l’enregistrement de cette association axe-doigts, les utilisateurs peuvent effectuer différents gestes d’accords pour des manipulations avec contraintes sur les axes, sur les plans et des manipulations uniformes. Nous avons mené une étude préliminaire pour examiner l'apprenabilité et l’utilisabilité des gestes proposées. Les résultats indiquent que ces derniers peuvent être mémorisés rapidement. Certains gestes ont été jugés confortables et faciles à utiliser par les utilisateurs alors que d’autres nécessitent davantage d’investigations. Ces résultats permettent de donner des recommandations quant à la conception d’une technique uni-manuelle de manipulation avec contraintes qui peut être utilisée efficacement pour la modélisation 3D sur TabletPC.

International audience; In order to cope with the dramatic growth of cellular data traffic, mobile operators should find cost-effective and easily deployable solutions of capacity increase of their networks. One of these solutions is to use WiFi networks to offload the cellular network. One question when using WiFi networks beside cellular is how they are integrated. Several degrees of integration exist, one of them is to connect the WiFi Access Points (APs) directly to the cellular Base Stations (BSs). This is known as very tight coupling. In this paper, we study the performance of such an architecture. We define a model that takes into account the fluctuation of the coverage (shadowing) and compute how much bandwidth can be saved on the cellular network.

International audience; Whether in big cities or motorways, road traffic is a complex system which can be very unstable. For instance a little perturbation can lead to a traffic-crippling congestion. To avoid such situations, researchers attempt to model traffic in order to prevent congestions and optimize traffic flow. Traffic is also continually monitored by operators in traffic control rooms. While most of these control rooms use a large display to have a global view of the situation, the operators and researchers use personal computers to perform interventions on the road network, without the possibility to see the potential impact of their actions. In this paper, we propose an interactive system to monitor traffic on a Wall-Displays: this system provides visualization and interaction techniques to first perform actions on the traffic settings, but it also combines the use of traffic modeling, so as to help visualize the potential impact, global or local, of these actions.; Dans les grandes villes ou sur les autoroutes, le trafic routier est un système complexe qui peut être très instable. La moindre perturbation peut se transformer en embouteillage qui va ensuite paralyser le réseau. Pour éviter cela, des chercheurs travaillent sur la modélisation et l'optimisation du trafic routier. De plus, le trafic est surveillé en continu dans des centres de contrôle. Bien que la plupart de ces salles disposent d'un grand écran dans le but d'avoir une vue globale de la situation, les opérateurs agissent sur le réseau depuis leurs postes de travail personnels, sans la possibilité de voir les résultats potentiels de leurs interventions. Nous présentons un système interactif pour surveiller le réseau routier sur un mur d'écrans. Ce système fournit des techniques de visualisation et d'interaction qui permettent d'agir sur les paramètres du trafic, et de visualiser, grâce à des simulations, l'impact potentiel, global ou local, de ces actions.

National audience; In order to be used in Ambiant Intelligence, automated planning has to generate highlevel action plans involving control structures for execution controlers, which role is to play these plans with respect to events perceived in the environment. In our approach of "flexible" planning, environment non determinism is managed by plan control structures. In this paper, we explore how to express and to generate high-level plans for deterministic planning problems by defining the operational and denotational semantics of new operators for plan composition. Our Lambda GraphPlan (LGP) planner incorporates into plans iterations representing nondeterministic choices among a set of resources subject to the same abstract treatment. LGP is a planning-graph based algorithm that extracts patterns of actions whose scheduling is indifferent with respect to goal reachability and aggregates them into iterative structures. We show that LGP can be highly efficient when the solution plans incorporate iterative structures.

National audience; In this paper, we propose SuperVision, a novel interaction technique for controlling distant connect objects in smart-home. Users point an object with their remote control to visualize its state, and select its functionalities. To achieve this goal, 1) we present a novel remote control augmented with a video-projector and a slider; 2) we introduce a visualization allowing users to see through the walls in order to control objects in the line of sight as well as objects in another rooms; 3) we describe applications relying on this interaction technique; Dans ce papier, nous proposons SuperVision, une nouvelle technique d’interaction pour contrôler à distance les "objets connectés" d'une maison intelligente. Les utilisateurs pointent en direction d’un objet à l’aide d’une télécommande pour visualiser son état et sélectionner ses fonctionnalités. Pour ce faire : 1) nous présentons une nouvelle télécommande qui est augmentée d’un pico-projecteur et d’une glissière ; 2) nous introduisons une visualisation permettant à l’utilisateur de "voir" à travers les murs afin de pouvoir contrôler de la même manière les objets visibles et ceux qui ne sont pas dans son champ de vision ; 3) nous décrivons des applications reposant sur cette technique d’interaction.

International audience; Evolution in the context of use requires evolutions in the user interfaces even when they are currently used by operators. User Centered Development promotes reactive answers to this kind of evolutions either by software evolutions through iterative development approaches or at runtime by providing additional information to the operators such as contextual help for instance. This paper proposes a model-based approach to support proactive management of context of use evolutions. By proactive management we mean mechanisms in place to plan and implement evolutions and adaptations of the entire user interface (including behaviour) in a generic way. The approach proposed handles both concentration and distribution of user interfaces requiring both fusion of information into a single UI or fission of information into several ones. This generic model-based approach is exemplified on a safety critical system from space domain. It presents how the new user interfaces can be generated at runtime to provide a new user interface gathering in a single place all the information required to perform the task. These user interfaces have to be generated at runtime as new procedures (i.e. sequences of operations to be executed in a semi-autonomous way) can be defined by operators at any time in order to react to adverse events and to keep the space system in operation. Such contextual, activity-related user interfaces complement the original user interfaces designed for operating the command and control system. The resulting user interface thus corresponds to a distribution of user interfaces in a focus+context way improving usability by increasing both efficiency and effectiveness.

149-152; International audience; Current window managers are based on the use of overlapping windows, which implies the notion of a window's depth. In order to facilitate the management of windows in desktop environments, recent work has explored their grouping into layers of non-overlapping windows. In this note, we investigate the effect of three visual depth cues on the perception of the depth of such layers: luminosity, blurring and shadow. The paper reports on a controlled experiment that indicates that luminosity helps users to assess the number of layers while blurring and shadow have no effect.

International audience; We deal in this paper with visual mining of temporal data, where data are represented by n time-dependent attributes (or series). We describe the state of the art in temporal data visualization, and we concentrate on a specific visualization (DataTube) which has received yet little attention. DataTube uses a tubular shape to represent the data. The axis of the tube represents the time. We perform several extensions to this visualization: we define several visualizations (color, shapes, etc) and we add a temporal axis. We introduce several interactions with the possibility to select attributes and time steps, or to add annotation on the visualization. We add a clustering algorithm in order to cluster together the attributes with similar behavior. We integrate this visualization in our data mining virtual reality platform VRMiner (with stereoscopic display and interactive navigation). We apply this visualization to several real-world data sets and we show that it can deal with 1, 5 million values.

International audience; User interfaces of critical systems, such as air traffic control displays, use graphical objects to code for an ever increasing amount of information. This evolution brings forth concerns about the detection and identification of the displayed objects, in particular for small size objects. First, graphic properties of the interface should include some knowledge about the interplay between colour, shape and size interactions, and the visual perception. Second, the redesign of any interactive system should take into account the particularities of the evolving software and hardware display technology (pixel size and structure, for example) in order to preserve crucial aspects of the initial visual display. The two experiments described in this paper are aiming towards building a more systematic knowledge of graphic properties interactions per se, and their changes as a function of display technologies. More precisely, we examined the effect of the object size, shape and luminosity, as well as its contrast with the background. Results show that object perception is dependent upon its size, its contrast with the background and the overall luminosity of the background. Furthermore, for small size objects, interactions between pixel luminosities and pixel arrangement greatly influence their perception by the human eye.

cote interne IRCAM: Schwarz07a; None / None; National audience; Corpus-based concatenative methods for musical sound synthesis have attracted much attention recently. They make use of a variety of sound snippets in a database to assemble a desired sound or phrase according to a target specification given in sound descriptors or by an example sound. With ever-larger sound databases easily available, together with a pertinent description of their contents, they are increasingly used for composition, high-level instrument synthesis, interactive exploration of a sound corpus, and others. This paper gives an overview of the components needed for corpus-based concatenative synthesis, and details of some realisations. Signal processing methods are crucial for all parts of analysis, (segmentation and descriptor analysis), for synthesis, and can intervene in the selection part e.g. for spectral matching.

International audience; This paper presents the Mixed Graphs software architecture of the MAGGLITE post-WIMP toolkit. This model extends and refines the scene graph architecture by describing interactions with another structure: interaction graphs. Graphs are dynamically combined at runtime, thanks to specific communication components named Interaction Access Points. This adaptable and modular approach for describing interactive graphics is gainful for prototyping, implementing and using alternative input devices and/or interaction techniques.; Cet article présente le modèle d'architecture logicielle des Graphes Combinés qui a servi de base à l'implémentation de la boîte à outils post-WIMP MAGGLITE. Ce modèle étend et affine l'architecture graphique des graphes de scène en décrivant l'interaction séparément avec des graphes d'interaction. Les graphes sont combinés dynamiquement à l'exécution de l'application, grâce à des modules de communication spécifiques : les Points d'Accès aux Interactions. Il s'en suit une description flexible et modulaire des graphismes et des interactions, avantageuse du point de vue du prototypage, de l'implémentation et de l'utilisation de périphériques d'entrée et de techniques d'interaction non standard.

International audience; We present in this paper an interactive method for data visualization based on points of interest but in the context of visual data mining. Points of interest are located on a circle, and data are displayed within this circle according to their similarities to these points of interest. We evaluate the properties of such a visualization with artificial and standard data.

International audience; Twenty years after the general adoption of overlapping windows and the desktop metaphor, modern window systems differ mainly in minor details. While a number of innovative window management techniques have been proposed, few of them have been evaluated and fewer have made their way into real systems. In this paper, we present Metisse, a fully functional window system specifically created to facilitate the design, the implementation and the evaluation of innovative window management techniques.

International audience; The quantity and diversity of digital information we produce, receive and download on a daily basis is now incompatible with the available tools for managing it. In this paper, we pre- sent a new approach to familiar data management that aims at taking advantage of the episodic memory of the user. We de- scribe some of our ongoing work that aims at providing inter- active systems with a long-term memory that would allow users to easily retrieve a particular data or context.; La quantité et la diversité des données informatiques que nous produisons, recevons ou téléchargeons quotidiennement sont aujourd'hui incompatibles avec les outils mis à notre dis- position pour les gérer. Dans cet article, nous présentons une nouvelle approche de la gestion de ces données familières qui vise à tirer parti de la mémoire épisodique de l'utilisateur. Nous décrivons un certain nombre de nos travaux en cours qui visent à doter les systèmes interactifs d'une mémoire à long terme facilement exploitable par l'utilisateur pour re- trouver une donnée ou un contexte d'utilisation particuliers.

Glyph is a new data entry method designed for different interaction styles. Glyph is based on a reduced set of six shape primitives, plus a seventh «segmentation primitive ». The data input is made by seizing sequences of primitives with a maximum length of three.The segmentation primitive allows to handle three input modes: character input, text edition and system command. The character input is based on a decomposition in basic shapes according to a principle of analogy with Roman characters.This paper presents the different input levels, the character charts, and results of a theoretical evaluation on the character input. Two types of interface are considered. The first one is a dynamic soft keyboard specifically designed for stylus-based entry and the second one is a reduced physical keyboard design for devices as phone portables.

National audience; This paper describes the use of adjacency matrices for the visualization of co-activity graphs such as social networks. We describe their use for analysing and un- derstanding constraint-oriented programs. We show that the use of adjacency matrices for the visualization of the variables vs. constraints graph makes it possible to visualize how the problem was modeled and to compare the activity in various regions of the graph while the problem is being solved.; Cet article décrit l'utilisation de matrices d'adjacence pour la visualisation de graphes de co-activité tels que les graphes d'interaction au sein de communautés. Nous décrivons leur utilisation pour la compréhension et l'analyse de programmes par contraintes. Nous montrons que l'usage de matrices d'adjacence pour vi- sualiser le graphe variables-contraintes du problème étudié permet de voir la modélisation du problème et de comparer l'activité dans diverses parties du graphe au fil de la résolution.

Mobile computing is a domain in great expansion. Wireless networks (GSM, satellite, etc) and Portable Information Appliances PIAs (laptops, PDAs, cellular phones, etc) are developing very rapidly. More and more mobile users would like to execute their applications with the same quality of service as on their desktop station, whatever their needs in memory and computing power. Using such applications in a mobile environment raises new challenges. Some of these applications are extremely costly in system and network resources, whereas PIAs resources are poor and wireless networks offer a very variable quality of connection. In this paper, we propose an adaptive and dynamic distribution of applications on the local environment to overcome the poorness of available resources on PIAs, and to reduce and regulate variability effects. Moreover, due to the variety of distribution policies, we propose a framework providing adaptive distribution policies., L'informatique nomade est un secteur en pleine évolution aussi bien au niveau des terminaux mobiles (ordinateurs portables, assistants personnels, téléphones portables, etc), qu'au niveau de l'in­frastructure et des protocoles des réseaux de communication sans fil (GSM, satellites, etc). De plus en plus d'utilisateurs mobiles veulent pouvoir utiliser leurs applications de la même manière qu'en envi­ronnement fixe et cela, quel que soit le volume de données à traiter et quel que soit le temps de calcul demandé. L'utilisation de telles applications à partir de mobiles posent néanmoins certains problèmes. D'un côté, ces applications sont coûteuses en ressources système et/ou réseau, et de l'autre côté, le mobile offre peu de ressources et celles ­ci sont fluctuantes. Nous proposons une approche consistant en une distribution adaptative des applications permettant d'utiliser dynamiquement les ressources de l'environnement pour pallier l'insuffisance des ressources du mobile. De plus, face à la diversité des politiques de distribution existantes, nous proposons un cadre général de conception permettant une utilisation de politiques adaptables en fonction de l'environnement.