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In 2013, Bernard Friot published Peintures pressées ("Hurried Paintings"), subtitled "un musée imaginaire" ("an imaginary museum"). This article analyzes how Bernard Friot views his paper museum as a twofold composition, with esthetic and didactic perspectives. Within a carefully considered layout, Bernard Friot presents a collection of art reproductions alongside texts of various genres, which playfully show children how to take in artwork and navigate the museum space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the use of two different modalities, the digital tablet, and paper, in the acquisition of semantic relationships during the lexical research community approach. The lexical research community approach for teaching-learning semantic relationships is dialogical and multimodal (Lavoie, Pellerin, Brel-Cloutier & Beauparlant, 2019). This article addresses the question: does the modality (paper or digital tablet) for producing the heuristic lexical map influence the acquisition of semantic relationships? 31 students (paper group) and 32 students (tablet group) in grade three at a primary school participated in the study. This study took place in an economically disadvantaged and multilingual environment. The quantitative results indicate that using a video screen capture application on a tablet does not influence the acquisition of semantic relationships. On the other hand, verbalization provided by the screen capture video application on the tablet facilitates the acquisition of thematic words. After 4 cycles of the lexical research community approach, the average of the two groups improved in terms of semantic relationships regardless of the modality used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will prove the existence of two filtrations of the cohomology of line bundles on SL3/B. The first one is a two-step filtration that exists for H¹(μ) and H²(μ) if μ is in the Griffith region. The second one exists for all Hi (μ), and is similar to the p-filtration that has been considered by Jens Carsten Jantzen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This presentation originates in a survey on financial administrators and studies the relationship between knowledge and practice, focusing on the inventory of the Wilczek papers preserved in the State Archives in Vienna. The study first presents the library of Count Karl Joseph Firmian (Trento 1716 - Milan, 1782), a personality comparable in many respects to that of the bishop Batthyány, then continues with the succession and transfer of the papers to Count Johann Joseph Wilczek (1738-1819). It is a question of understanding how, beyond the fragments of career, an imperial memory was built - not only from Milan to Vienna (Count Wilczek was plenipotentiary in Milan from 1782 to 1796), but also by incidental relationships and experiences, as well as through either suggested or hidden by the list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents brief information on the journal "Cahiers d'EMAM" and contributions dealing with urban issues, territorial constructions at all scales and in their historical, social, economic and political dimensions. It is informed that Cahiers d'EMAM is a social science journal specializing in Arab world and the Mediterranean.

Context and background African countries have undertaken vast and increasingly ambitious initiatives in recent years to promote land registration in order to secure land tenure and ownership rights. In theory, recognition of property rights should boost agricultural productivity and food security. However, empirical evidence of the link between land security, agricultural productivity and the food security of households remains ambiguous Goal and Objectives: It is against this backdrop that this research aims to study the effect of land tenure security on agricultural productivity and food security of farm households, based on evidence from Togo, and then by extension to ECOWAS countries. More specifically, it aims to (i) identify the determinants of land tenure security of farm households, (ii) analyze the effect of land tenure security on agricultural productivity and food security of farm household by gender. Methodology: The paper relies on Oaxaca and Blinder's decomposition technique and its nonlinear extension with the Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM) for robustness with data mainly from the Harmonized Households Living Conditions Survey (EHCVM) of Togo and selected ECOWAS countries realized in 2018-2019. Results: Empirical results reveal that being a woman reduces the probability of obtaining a document securing one's plot of land. However, the human capital of the head of household increases the probability of holding a land title. They reveal gender-based inequalities in agricultural productivity and food insecurity among farming households. However, holding a title deed to secure one's plot of land is expected to reduce this inequality by improving agricultural productivity and food security among farming households. The results confirm the need to develop land markets to facilitate the transfer of land, as part of measures to improve agricultural productivity and household food security in ECOWAS countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through this paper, we explore plurilingual and intercultural communication’s situations in a medical context from the point of view of epistemic injustices (Fricker, 2007). Using narrative explicitative interviews on two situations (concerning birth and death), described by two intercultural mediators, we analyze their practices and highlight what they do to ensure that non-native speakers’ voice is listened to and believed. Our study contributes, on the one hand, to highlighting certain aspects related to epistemic injustices in intercultural communication, and on the other hand, to rethinking critically the relations between the ontologies underlying the relationship to the other, to the body and to health, mobilized in medical institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transforming Landscapes, Manipulating images, collected from the papers and discussions of the research workshop organized by Alexander Streitberger and Anne Reverseau on the 9th of December 2022 at the WIELS (Brussels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against St. Augustine's position, Thomas Aquinas claims that man can teach his own science to someone else. His theory on the teaching of science is developed in Summa Theologica, I, q. 117, a. 1 and in Quaestiones disputatae de veritate, q. 11, a. 1. This paper aims to explain, considering this doctrine, why Aquinas admits the Aristotelian thesis of Metaphysics, I, according to which the distinctive mark of science is that it can be taught. I argue that, according to Thomas, science can be taught, in the one hand, because of its derivative nature and, on the other because it is grounded on certain principles that are both true and evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background In the last few years, Blockchain technology has been taking the world by a storm. While it is true that its success has increased with the emergence of the Bitcoin, the world is becoming increasingly aware that the Blockchain is promising heaps in record keeping and transaction management. Land tenure and administration is no exception. Several initiatives have been undertaken to comprehend the extent of Blockchain's potential for land governance system. This paper falls under the scope of that study. Goal and Objectives This paper has set out to understand Blockchain and its operating mechanisms in order to determine its contribution to the issues challenging our land tenure systems. In addition, this study has also strived to delimit a framework for the Blockchain implementation in the land sector and create models of this implementation on various levels. Methodology This research and its findings are based on bibliographic research, a benchmark analysis as well as expert opinions and consultations. Results Land governance is an interesting field of deployment for Blockchain. Indeed, the technology can replace traditional record keeping methods, such as written registries and databases, to manage and track records and documentation insuring they remain unchanged and authentic. It also allows different stakeholders to work together in an automated and efficient framework involving smart contracts and unique digital signatures. Moreover, it can also redefine property into digital tokens exchangeable on the Blockchain. With the careful analysis of the framework of its implementation, Blockchain is as capable of improving current systems and addressing their issues and complicated procedures, as it is of completely redefining their visions and pushing process reengineering. In both cases, Blockchain is an IT solution that reinforces land security and responds to requirements of land systems that traditional solutions still fail to meet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to assess the extent to which die digital book market is structuring independently from the print edition market by comparing the pricing of 559 digital and print French and American bestsellers during 2011. Two pricing methods are distinguished: "homothetic pricing," where the digital pricing is a reflection of the print pricing, and "heterothetic pricing," where the digital price is set according to new rules. The French and American markets do not have the same propensity to overcome the pricing practices in the print book market: While the French market's e-book structure is mirroring that of the print book industry, die American market tends to be more independent. This can be explained by die significant structural, legal, and institutional differences between the publishing industries of both countries. In addition, some factors favor die "heterothetic" pricing method: the number of pages and the type of book influence the degree of differentiation between print and digital prices of the same title [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on reviewers of the journal "IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications," and the "IEEE Industry Application Magazine." These reviewers perform the vital function of peer review, without which publications would not find acceptance as quality journals. Working under the guidance of the Papers Review Chairs of various Technical Committees, the reviewers help select the best of the papers from numerous technical conferences for publication. Their comments guide the authors in making changes to improve their papers before final publication.

Based on an empirical survey of rancher commitment in environmental programs in Southern Arizona, this paper analyzes the evolution of rangeland conservation practices and more broadly of natural resources management in semi-arid areas of the American West. Far from the image of the cowboy conquering and destroying the wilderness, which some environmental organizations still convey, it shows how ranchers get involved in ecological practices, enabling us to consider their social (re)valorization as conservation entrepreneurs empowered to co-produce ecological knowledge. In this perspective, the survey shows, (1) the way in which nature conservation programs no longer valorize the planning of 'wilderness areas', but rather collaborative programs based on working landscapes and, (2) the conditions for valorizing a kind of cowboy ecology that might contribute to the renewal of natural resource management and practices dedicated to nature conservation. The scientific originality of this paper is thus to outreach a 'political ecology of ranching', showing how the valorization of rancher knowledge and know-how fits into the renewal of rangeland ecological science and socio-economic transformations. It demonstrates that this ecological acknowledgment of ranching is due to the specific knowledge of the ranchers, which contributes solutions for the preservation of biodiversity that seem adapted to the environmental constraints of semi-arid areas. More broadly, it invites us to revisit the way in which cowboy ecology is now supported by administrative agents (and even environmentalists) to face ecological risks other than grazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of paper mill sludges is increasing rapidly as far as the economical and positive environmental benefits are realised. The aim of the present work was to show if paper mill sludges could be used as a partial replacement of Portland cement in mortar without affecting their durability. Calcined at temperatures between 650°C and 800°C, the pozzolanic activity of ashes from paper mill sludges is improved because of the transformation of kaolinite in metakaolin. The mechanical characteristics of mortar containing 25% of these ashes appear comparable to standard mortar (containing 100% of Portland cement). The nature of the leaching does not affect the mechanical strength of mortars leached during 64 days. However, there is also a loss of compressive strength of mortars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a time when national education professionals are being asked to take "trans" students into account in the school environment, scientific papers on adults within the school is timidly emerging in the field of trans studies in education. As heuristic as these studies may be, it must be noted that this research very often considers academic actors as a monolithic entity, depriving the reader of a finer understanding of the difficulties they face. In PE, an eminently gendered discipline where norms are (de)constructed in action, are teachers true "out-of-peer" educators when it comes to welcoming a "trans" student? This article suggests investigating the place and role of teachers in this discipline in the light of the "trans issue" by placing their practices in perspective with those of their colleagues in the French national education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetic principles defined by Aristotle in his Poetics gave birth to an aesthetic tradition which dominated Western culture and literature up until the twentieth century. All his successors believed that, in order to achieve literary value and public acclaim, a text should comply with criteria such as unity of the subject (mythos), harmony of the parts (taxis), clear inclusive meaning (dianoia), etc. - in other words, structure. However, many authors departed from this ideal and gave free rein to their fantasy, conceiving plethoric, multi-layered, anarchic works, which tended to be, most often than not, excluded from the literary canon. During the twentieth century, with the modern and then the postmodern turn, not only the practical creative Aristotelian rules, but also the very idea of structure was contested. In this paper I make a survey of some of the main critical thinkers who opposed Aristotle’s model of closed works: M. Bakhtin, C.-L. Strauss, J. Derrida, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, U. Eco, F. Moretti, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biocontrol (biological control) and "biocontrôle" (which can be translated into English as "Bioprotection") are concepts of crop protection that have common points but also have their specificities. The former has been known since the 1880s, while the latter appeared in the French landscape in the 2010s. In recent years, there has been regular confusion in the terms and interpretations of these concepts, which are not of the same nature: biocontrol is defined by strategies and "biocontrôle" by products. This paper therefore aims to respond to a need for clarification: it contributes to distinguishing the perimeters and contents of these concepts, to pointing out certain abusive comparisons and to proposing semantic clarifications. It reviews the English and French terms related to biocontrol and "biocontrôle" (Bioprotection) at the European level. Finally, the paper discusses the role and relevance of the two concepts in agroecological crop protection (ACP). Conservation biocontrol has a central place in ACP, as it is based on a systemic and preventive approach to crop pest risks. While some bioproducts are promising for the prevention of pest risks, many of them are part of a curative approach, similar to the use of synthetic chemical pesticides, with the same types of commercial spin-offs for the agro-industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altiero Spinelli (1907-1986) is worldwide renowned as the principal author (with Ernesto Rossi) of the Ventotene Manifesto (1941), whose second edition (1944), prefaced by Eugenio Colorni, is one of the founding documents of the European Union. Less known is the width and depth of Spinelli's thought, not only as a political theorist of supra-national democracy and institutional designer of a possible European Federation but also as a philosopher of civilization and history. While the sources of his federalism have been largely investigated, much less have those of his more comprehensive philosophy. This paper discusses, on a philological basis, the dialogue Spinelli certainly has with some of Max Scheler's writings while going into this dialogue more in-depth, in a philosophical more than philological attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the time of the fragile Weimar Republic, when the crisis of parliamentary democracy was accompanied by a "frightening massification of life" and of public opinion, Scheler posed a challenge: How to achieve a cultural and spiritual transformation that can contribute to a true rebirth of Germany and Europe? If this renaissance is to be achieved, Germany and Europe must be examined as a whole, and the ideas underlying their institutions must be renewed. Cosmopolitanism and the age of integration - for example the integration of rationalism, which has traditionally characterized Europe, and irrationalism, of which the "revolt of pulsions" is, according to Scheler, an eloquent testimony - impose this renewal. Against this backdrop, this paper examines the possible "costs and benefits" of a Freudian-inspired sublimation from a Schelerian perspective, with particular attention to the problem of Bildung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western culture and literature have been moulded, in their main aesthetic conceptions and creative practices, by Aristotle’s principles. Starting from his seminal text Poetics, ancient, medieval, and modern (from Renaissance to the twentieth century) aesthetics, poetics, rhetorical and grammatical theories have reiterated, amplified, adapted and reshaped the concepts of imitation (mimesis), subject (mythos), meaning (dianoia), order (taxis), unity of the whole and harmony of the parts, etc. On this basis, they demanded that literary works should have - as a prerequisite of aesthetic value and artistic success - a structure, a unitary composition, a centred form, a logos, a cogito, a synopsis or any other formal pattern. This brought about the exclusion from the canon of the works failing to complain with these criteria. In this paper I retrace the Aristotelian tradition, from Horace, Cicero and Quintilian to Beda and Dante, from Minturno and Scaliger to du Bellay and Boileau, from Sydney, Dryden and Pope to Mathew Arnold, the Chicago School and Northrop Frye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the seminar on «Feminism and Decoloniality. Brazil, Latina America, and Africa» both organized by «Groupe de Recherche et d'Etudes des Noirs en l'Amérique Latine" (University of Perpignan) and Grupo Feminismos e Decoloniade (Universitdade Federal sa Paraibas), coordinated by Victorien Lavou and Luciana Calado Deplagne. On the one hand, «gendered sulternity» is based on a dialectic that questions subjectivity, submission, and other forms of discrimination against women, especially in terms of races. On the other hand, the decolonial feminist reflection founded on the concept of Coloniality of power (Annibal Quijano) calls for various theorital approaches from great Latino-American feminists, among which the Brazilian critics Sueli Carneiro, Leila Gonzalez, and Maria Lugones. An Afro-feminist perspective also comes with Awa Thiam, Mariama Bâ, and Fatou Sow. All this said, this paper analyzes the discourse produced by a new generation of feminist writers in an Afro-Caribbean angle with Saeta The poems from Yolanda Arroyo, and in an Afro-Sub-Saharan perspective with Dear Ijjaewele or A Manifest for a Feminist Éducation From the nigerian writers Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. This article finally examines in the same trend the Gabonese writer and psychologist Sylvie Akiguet-Bakong's La Dette (The Debt). From which narrative process, or how do these female writers with different trajectoiries write on the experience of women who are victims of multiple domination? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the economic efficiency of flood protection strategies to aid funding decisions of public bodies. The Brague river is a 68 km2 catchment located on the Mediterranean Sea shore in South East France. It experienced disastrous flash floods triggering costly damages and casualties in the communities of Biot and Antibes. Several possible flood protection strategies using conventional civil engineering measures or Nature-based solutions were tailored mixing engineering and participatory approaches. They were then assessed in terms of i) protection efficacy and avoided damage using numerical modelling, ii) environmental gains or alterations using an indicator on the morphological quality of the river, and iii) willingness-to-pay of the citizens for the various strategies, assessed both by top-down transfer methods, as well as by interviews of about 400 citizens. A dual cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was finally tailored to help the various decision makers involved in the management of the catchment in the context of the Gemapi law (management of aquatic environments and flood protection). A top-down CBA was performed to help national and regional stakeholders decide whether they would support the strategies. In the meantime, a bottom-up CBA was performed to capture the local perception of hazards, the social acceptability of various mitigation measures and to help the basin managers decide on the relevant strategy to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses, in these times of contestation of conventional agriculture and vertical planning, how a specific way of governing water scarcity for agricultural irrigation in the Marais poitevin area is structured. From the analysis of the elaboration of management schemes to the development of substitution reserves, the aim is to reveal the extent to which public action initiatives and the resulting developments oscillate between managing water scarcity by reducing its abstraction for irrigation, and maintaining an image of its seasonal abundance through the use of substitution reserves. The first part of this paper discusses how water management is ruled by the development of management schemes These schemes organise the management of water from the perspective of its summer scarcity based on two main measures: creation of substitution reserves to store the "abundant" winter water, reduction of the volumes that can be abstracted during the low-water period. Then, in a second step, based on two projects aimed at developing substitution reserves, the article analyses the trajectories of these two projects and their differentiating factors in terms of conflict, namely project governance, political context, timing and compensatory measures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current environmental, political, economic, and social context makes the management of energy resources, electricity in particular, a central issue. European energy policies require the deployment of smart grids to reduce energy consumption. From this strategy emerge smart-grid interfaces that allow households to consult their electricity consumption in near real-time. The underlying assumption is that information leads to action. However, this link is not automatic, and raises the question of the appropriation of these technologies. This paper proposes to study the process of appropriating smart-grid interfaces through the prism of the instrumental approach. A longitudinal study was conducted over 3 years (2016-2018) as part of the SOLENN experimental smart-grid, on a sample of 36 households. The aim was to answer the following questions: are smart-grid interfaces used? If so, how, for what purposes, and with what effect on electricity consumption? The results reveal the obstacles to appropriation, what encourages this process and how it has been achieved. The analysis also shows that, even if the use of interfaces leads to new knowledge, electricity consumption information alone is not sufficient to influence individual energy-saving behaviours. The findings suggest that we need a broader design of the technologies, and energy policies to a greater, for the instrumental genesis and the development of the individuals' power to act in the energy transition field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) associated with tigecycline (TGC) is considered a rare complication (incidence between 1, and 1%). In this paper, we report five cases of AP occurring after the administration of TGC in septic patients hospitalized in intensive burn care in Tunisia over 9 years. The diagnosis of AP was based on clinical and/or biological signs. Among 303 cases treated with TGC, AP occurred with an incidence of 1.65%. The mean age was 28±6 years. Only one patient had a history of chronic alcoholism. The prescribed dose was 200 mg as a loading dose, followed by 100 mg twice a day. The time to onset of symptoms after initiation of TGC was 5.4 days [2-7]. PA was suspected due to abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting (n=2), occlusive syndrome (n=1) and fortuitously increased pancreatic enzymes in 2 patients under mechanical ventilation. The mean lipase level at diagnosis was 447 IU ± 135 IU (4.5 to 10 times the normal). All the aetiologies of AP were ruled out, including gallstones, hypercalcemia, hypertriglyceridemia, trauma and infections. The mean time to symptom resolution after stopping TGC was 4±2 days [5-7] and to the normalization of pancreatic enzymes it was 9 days [2-20 days]. In conclusion, clinical and biological monitoring was necessary in patients treated with TGC in order to avoid severe forms, especially in at-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of municipalities in the development and vitality of Francophone minority communities. The municipality can be of particular importance to Francophones in minority settings given the growing role of municipalities in cultural, recreational and socio-economic areas, as well as the fact that local government is the only level of government where Francophones outside Quebec may form the majority or represent a significant demographic weight. This paper reports on the main findings of a survey of municipalities across the country with a Francophone population of 6% or more or member of a Francophone or bilingual association. The results focus on practices, as well as some of the factors explaining them, around the themes of Francophone weight and power, language status, languages of communication, languages of service and Francophone spaces, and public recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1980, the famous primatologist Kinji Imanishi published Shutaisei no shinkaron (Freedom in Evolution: Life as a subject, translated from Japanese into French in 2015 and re-edited in 2022). He develops "his evolutionary theory", in radical opposition to both Darwinian and Lamarckian theoretical frameworks, objecting to random variation within species and to the population approach to species. In his theory, the species is the actor of its own evolution: it takes controls of its destiny to which individuals conform homogeneously. This theory is opposed to a nominalist vision since it relies upon species realism, to random variations, to population approaches to living organisms and to the genetic reductionism of the time. Today the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis is emerging, a more integrative approach in the sense that it keeps away from genetic reductionism, while organisms partly participate in building the selective constraints to which the population is submitted. To a certain extent, organisms are actors to their evolution. Should we see there a link with Kinji Imanishi's ideas? This is what the present paper explores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Singapore, on 19 December 2020, a trendy restaurant served nuggets prepared with chicken meat grown by the company Eat Just. According to customers, this product was similar in taste and texture to 'conventional meat'. In the National Review, journalist Matthew Scully welcomes this innovation and emphasises its re-humanising character. The aim of our paper is to show that this innovation, described by the journalist as a 'civilisational milestone' is based on what Mauss called 'a merchant's moral'. Cultured meat refers to powerful economic issues and generates alliances that are more economic-political than ethical. Far from 'rehumanising' us, it leads instead to replacing the living work of humans and animals with the dead work of machines. In other words, it dehumanises us and enslaves us. To show this, we first question the notion of 'real meat' and the historical dynamics that have led this product to being part of a project of agriculture without breeding. We then question the links between these innovations and the 'defenders' of animals and the planet, and the representations of animals underlying these links. Finally, we show that the morality of the merchant who promotes cultured meat is opposed to the universal morality of gift that has been building our relationship with domestic animals for ten millennia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is the characterisation of the household and assimilated wastes generated by two university residences (Ex Habitat and Hasnaoua), both located in TIZI-OUZOU (Algeria), to know their typologies and quantities for better management. The results show that the organic wastes represent the dominating fraction with 87,95% in the Ex-Habitat and 96,57% in Hasnaoua 2. The ratio was 0,29kg/person/day for the first university residence and 0,22% for the second one. Two methods of composting were used to treat large quantities of organic waste in-situ: in piles and composters thus to prevent them from being sent to the Oued-Falli landfills (Tizi-Ouzou). The composting process monitoring allowed us to get satisfying results using olive pomace, sawdust, dry tree leaves and cardboard paper as a carbon input. The highest temperatures were obtained with olive pomace, sawdust and dry leaves, indicating a good progression of the degradation process of the biowaste mixed withthese carbonaceous materials. As for paper/cardboard, the results show a less intense microbial activity where the maximum temperatures did not exceed 37.5°C in the piles and composters where the biowaste was mixed with this carbon input. These results allow us to conclude that paper/cardboard as a carbon input is not recommended because its presence in the substrate prevents the smooth running of the composting process: poor oxygen circulation, which slows down the degradation of the biowaste and produces foul odours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper, which is based on the experience of the Baie-Johan-Beetz Solidarity Cooperative, examines the efforts of a small Northern community of 78 residents to empower itself and which, despite its unfavourable geographical location, is developing large projects. To address the issue of local development in Northern living environments, it draws on the literature bearing on centre-periphery models, social innovation and relationships to territory. Situated at the crossroads of academic and citizen-based knowledge, and rooted in fieldwork-related methodology, the paper is built around the story occurring over the last decade of the birth, development and vitality of the Baie-Johan-Beetz Solidarity Cooperative. Set against a backdrop of local struggles fighting the deterioration and closure of local services, the community in question provides an example of the ability to mobilize Northern communities around a collective and socially innovative project. The conclusions underscore the urgent need for change in the Northern governance model, with a view to promoting local development for the benefit of Northern communities, as well as improving relations between Northern and Southern Quebec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five different deacidifying solutions were tested on iron-gall inks and their effect was assessed by means of colorimetry and measurements of pH values. It was concluded that borax had the least damaging effect on the ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, adaptive optics (AO) is installed on all very large astronomical telescopes. It allows to overcome the limitation in angular resolution imposed on large ground-based telescopes by the atmospheric turbulence perturbations. This review paper presents the state of the art of the field for astronomical applications. It gives the principles of AO and describes itsmain components which are the deformable mirrors, the wavefront sensors and the control algorithms. The paper also presents the main recent achievements and ongoing projects. First, for the direct imaging of extra-solar planets by extreme AO and coronography, taking as example the SPHERE instrument. Then to solve the problem of the very limited sky coverage by using laser guide star and to extend the AO correction beyond the isoplanatic patch. Thus, the various laser-assisted tomographic AO concepts are presented with examples of each realization as for the laser tomography AO, the multi-conjugate AO and the multi-object AO. Finally, the challenges of the new generation of giant telescopes are discussed at the end of the paperwith a particular focus on the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of further research on the forms QUE in French and DA in Serbian, whose first results were published in "QUE vs DA. Prilog proučavanju nepromenljivih kategorija reči u francuskom i srpskom jeziku" (Nasleđe No 44) and "QUE vs DA ou Question sémantique vs question terminologique" (Jezici i kulture u vremenu i prostoru 9/1). In this paper, the authors study the use and value of the mentioned forms in correlative structures in French and Serbian. Considering that correlation is a basic characteristic of comparative and consecutive structures, our aim was to find answers, always going from French to Serbian, to following questions: 1. Does correlation work in the same way in these two languages? 2. Will the French form QUE always have the Serbian form DA as an equivalent? 3. If, on the other hand, QUE and DA are not equivalent, how do they differ? The corpus is excerpted from literary texts in French and their translations into Serbian. Relying on contrastive analysis, cognitive theory and a semantic approach, this paper shows that QUE and DA are equivalent only in consecutive correlative structures (subordinate consecutive sentence), while the French QUE has some other equivalents in comparative correlative structures in Serbian. The analysis showed certain structural and semantic similarities and differences of one type of syntactic structures which in French linguistics evade the unique classification of subordinate sentences (subordinate consecutive sentences or a special type of subordinate sentences) which is not the case in Serbian grammars in which these structures are classified in the class of subordinate adverbial sentences, i.e. consecutive sentences. Following the typologies of consecutive correlative structures determined by Charlotte Hybertie and Miloš Kovačević, the analysis showed that there is a perfect coincidence of the observed forms in both basic types by Hybertie for the French language (intensity and manner), i.e. in the first and fourth type of consecutive sentences in Serbian (according to Kovačević). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of synthetic chemical pesticides for crop protection has now clearly shown its limits: health risks, negative effects on the environment, ecological imbalances, loss of efficiency and high costs. Therefore, the goal of reducing the use of synthetic chemical pesticides in crop protection is now generally accepted by most professional and political actors. This paper focuses on the situation encountered in France, regarding the use of products of natural origin to manage populations and injuries of crop pests. In this field, the term "biocontrôle" has indeed appeared in France during the last decade; it is considered as a crop protection concept and it is presented as a solution to reduce the use of pesticides. This term "biocontrôle" is a French specificity; it does not have, to date, a single reference translation in English. This paper aims at providing an overview of what the term "biocontrôle" means in France. Behind an official definition, an examination of the definitions of "biocontrôle" in France shows significant terminological instability. The diversity of meanings of "biocontrôle" has led to varying interpretations by different French stakeholders. Furthermore, analysis of the use of the term "biocontrôle" in France over the last decade shows the growing interest of the general public, agricultural and agro-pharmaceutical professionals, policers and the scientific community. The increase in the use of the term "biocontrôle" has been observed in parallel with the decrease in the use of the French term "lutte biologique" (biological control or biocontrol in English), a recognized and stable concept for more than a century. Finally, this diversity of definitions of "biocontrôle" and the increase in the use of the term "biocontrôle" in France lead to issues in the field of crop protection that are discussed in this synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an eclectic scientist, Théodore Monod is well known for his works on deserts, crustaceans, fishes, botany, desert geology, archaeology, ethnology and the history of science. He was one of the first ecologists, protector of nature and life. He devoted himself to more than twenty scientific disciplines during his career. For many scientists he was the specialist of their own discipline, but in fact he was a specialist of many branches of natural sciences. His 100 publications in ichthyology constitute a remarkable body of work even if they represent only 5% of his writings. This written work is considerable: 2167 scientific articles, notes and books for the general public were published in about 80 years. It is therefore delicate to propose a selection that illustrate the eclecticism of their author. In this paper we concentrate on the works in ichthyology. As soon as he was appointed to the Museum in 1922, he was sent to Mauritania for a year to study fish and crustaceans and also their fishing. These two animal groups have always been his passion and his specialty in zoology. Anatomist, he knew how to observe, draw and interpret all the organisms he studied. The books he wrote alone or in collaboration have become references for all ichthyologists and carcinologists. Thanks to his "insatiable and devouring" curiosity of nature, throughout his missions at sea, his explorations of oceanic islands, he collected until the end of his life tens of thousands of samples. His entry, as an assistant, in a laboratory dedicated to overseas fisheries forced him to familiarize with both fish and tropical countries. The contribution of Theodore Monod to the study of fish and fishing was vast. His work concerns both the fundamental aspects and the applications of ichthyology and can be divided into six major themes: "Fishes and fisheries", "Systematics, phylogeny, biogeography", "Biology of fishes", "Anatomy and functional morphology", "Inventories and catalogs of species", "History of Ichthyology". Among his 100 scientific publications on fishes, we note some master works such as the "Contribution to the fauna of Cameroon" (1927), his work on "The fishing industry in Cameroon" (1928), his work on the systematics of Clupeidae (1961), the numerous anatomical studies on tropical species such as the balastids (1958 to 1960) and elopids. We also note his voluminous work on the urophore complex of the Teleosteans (1968), the work on the cephalic osteology of the Scaridae, started in Dakar 60 years before publication, and completed in collaboration in Paris (1994, 1997). Finally, it is essential here to mention the eminent role played by Théodore Monod in the launching of the series of regional Catalogues/Check-lists of fishes ("the Clof..."). The first of these catalogs, the Clofnam ("Checklist of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 1973"), in which he participated very actively as author and mainly co-editor, served as a model for the whole series. While remaining African at heart and in love with deserts, Théodore Monod remained faithful to the sea and to marine fishes, as much in the subjects of his research as in his scientific functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a review article of Paul B Preciado’s major work, Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era, recently translated by Daniel Clinci at frACTalia. I will proceed to do so by offering a short contextualization of Preciado’s academic formation and activity, followed by a tackling of the main concepts he borrows from post-structuralist thought. Given Preciado’s fragmented manner of writing this text, which brings together theory and auto-biographical fiction, I will also engage in a type of media analysis that the reader might find atypical for a review, whose main focus is to draw on some cinematic parallels, in order to extract an account for the new emerging kind of subjectivity that the pharmacopornographic regime creates. I will present Preciado’s analysis of the pharmacopornographic regime by following three main concepts that consolidate his body of work: the deconstruction of sex, the economic analysis of potentia gaudendi (orgasmic force) and the political construction of categories. At the same time, I will evaluate Preciado’s materialist turn by offering a critique of consistency. Lastly, I will emphasize the importance of this book in intersectional analysis while criticizing some points that Preciado either fails to consider, or whose dangers he minimizes while proposing a praxis for political dissidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The embassy report of the Moroccan Idrîss al-Ğu‘aydî in France, Belgium, England and Italy during the summer of 1876, Ithâf al-‘akhyâr (Of the curiosities of Europe which amaze honest people) is important in several respects. After its recent translated into French, this paper tries to raise at least three points within it: first, its international political context and i internal motives; then, the impact of the industrial revolution upon the members of the embassy, as seen through the precious testimony of the narrator; and finally the means both linguistic and iconic used by the author to translate from the European mirror to the Moroccan reader the image of a modernity so far unimaginable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is a narratological study that problematizes the graphic or textual demarcation between the preface to the novel as a secondary text and the novel as a primary text. Methodologically, it draws on the study Thresholds (Seuils, 1987) and attempts to explain Genette's structural and functional definition of prefaces, especially those that the French structuralist labels as pseudo-editorial, through more recent studies on the frame narrative (e.g. Abbot 2004, Fludernik 2009, Wolf 2006). On one hand, it outlines the possibilities of the above-mentioned structural categories coinciding, while on the other hand it points to the presence of an independent, broader fabula in both the preface and the frame narrative. In particular, it focuses on the problem of the functional image of certain prefaces in the Enlightenment novel, analysing the prefaces to Prévost's Manon Lescaut and Marivaux's The Life of Marianne, while taking Cervantes's Don Quixote as a historical starting point. The chosen examples demonstrate how and why the boundary between the preface and the novel became blurred in the 18th century, a time when the novel as a narrative genre was articulated and established. One of the main, if not the only, functions of the pseudo-editorial preface, which is per definitionem fictional, is to create the impression of authenticity, with the preface-writer most often using the topos of a found manuscript. However, it turns out that its "dramatization" goes beyond the textual boundaries of the preface and continues in the novel itself, proving that the graphic image of the preface as a paratext no longer corresponds to its functional image. Even if we can trace a similar narrative strategy in both Baroque and Enlightenment novels, it is necessary to distinguish between the reasons for it application. Don Quixote is an example of artful, dynamic, "ingenious" composition and parodies the preface as a rhetorical convention. The fictional nature of the Enlightenment novel, however, inevitably rests on an impression of verisimilitude, and consequently the preface, the privileged place where these two characteristics meet, becomes a full-fledged literary component of the narrative work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of this paper is a generalization of a theorem by Joseph Rabinoff: if P is a finite family of pointed and rational polyhedra in Nℝ such that there exists a fan in Nℝ that contains all the recession cones of the polyhedra of P, if k is a complete non-archimedean field, if S is a connected and regular k-analytic space (in the sense of Berkovich) and Y is a closed k-analytic subset of U P × k S which is relative complete intersection and contained in the relative interior of U P × k S over S, then the quasifiniteness of π : Y → S implies its flatness and finiteness; moreover, all the finite fibers of π have the same length. This namely gives a analytic justification to the concept of stable intersection used in the theory of tropical intersection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the transformation of irrigated systems in the semi-arid Elqui Valley in Chile. We use the notion of hydrosocial territory to analyze the effects of new hydraulic infrastructures on irrigation practices and institutional water rules. The methodology is based on the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The installation of new infrastructures associated with the rise of commercial agriculture, financed by the State, leads to a gradual abandonment of canals and water turns and disintegrates the collective decision-making process within the irrigators' associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers using khettaras, which are underground galleries draining the water table and providing a collective access to groundwater, are faced with a dilemma. The khettaras are drying up under the combined effect of groundwater pumping for drinking water and irrigation of recently installed farms, and the reduced recharge of the aquifer. Since their khettaras were threatened, some collectives chose to install wells or boreholes to supply pumped water to these khettaras. This increases the discharge and saves their collective access to groundwater, while at the same time it contributes to a further drop in the water table. In this paper, we discuss this Cornelian choice of oasis communities in southern Morocco. Field observations, satellite image analysis and surveys with farmers made possible to understand the emergence of an irrigation system combining the khettara with solar pumping, to analyze its technical design, and to highlight the capacity of collectives to intervene on the management rules to adapt the technical and institutional system of the khettaras to new conditions. This article contributes to a reflection on the sustainability of access to groundwater in this pre-Saharan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1970s, voles' outbreaks have been responsible for important damages to meadows in the Massif Central (France), threatening the economic viability of cattle breeding systems. We investigate whether trust allows enhancing collective pest management, considered as the provision of a weaker-link collective good. The main contribution of our paper is a theoretical framework we propose to consider the threshold effects related to the complexity of the studied agroecological mechanisms. We have tested this theoretical framework thanks to stylized facts we inferred from qualitative inquiries conducted with both cattle breeders and diverse institutional bodies involved in vole outbreaks management. We highlight some of the determinants of the building of trust. Breeders do not seem to trust their ability to master pullulation much. If breeders hardly trust the control methods, they do not trust either scientific and technical bodies or their neighboring breeders any better. This could explain even better the failures observed in the collective action against outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Senegalese government's pursuit of rice self-sufficiency since Independence has motivated massive investments in the Senegal River Delta in northern Senegal. This paper assesses the contribution of the Projet de promotion du partenariat rizicole dans le Delta (3PRD, a project promoting rice partnership) to organizational and technical dynamics. The importance of this project lies in the public-private partnership, a recent paradigm in the world of irrigated agricultural development. Our approach is based on a bibliographic synthesis, field visits, interviews with project managers and surveys of farmers. The results suggest two major advances made by the 3PRD: the empowerment of private producers in a large-scale collective scheme involving the participation of the SAED a development company and the introduction of new irrigation equipment: the electric pump. They also show that efforts still need to be made in terms of crop intensity and agricultural yields to enable producers to make the investments they have made in their irrigation schemes more profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study highlights the impact of innovation on the market orientation and performance of a cooperative for the valorization of prickly pear co-products in Algeria. While the collective entrepreneurship outcomes have been widely discussed, it has been much less so for innovative cooperatives. In this paper, we focus on the performance of this model of entrepreneurship based on the reappropriation of technical innovations. In this sense, our analysis seeks to extend previous empirical research on the performance of agricultural cooperatives by introducing market orientation and a more comprehensive assessment of the socioeconomic performance of innovative cooperatives like Nopaltec. Our results on « alternatives » performances – role in collective appropriation and dissemination of innovation, sector structuration, socio-political and territorial functions of the cooperative – argue for a broader conception of the performances of agricultural cooperative structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to initiate a discussion based on a new reading of field data I collected in Nepal and South India that was triggered by the notion of irrigated land tenure. The first part deals with the way of applying this notion to rice fields. In South Asia, rice fields occupy a discriminating position in administrative and vernacular classifications, which has been turned upside-down by the surge in groundwater irrigation. Moreover, some rice fields may be cultivated without irrigation thanks to monsoon rains. However, this is not reflected in the traditionally used visual representations of irrigation systems (aerial photos, satellite images, maps of irrigation networks) that overlook farmers' difficulties to access to water. The notion of irrigated land tenure, hence, has some limitation in the case of rice cultivation, if non-irrigated rice fields are not clearly identified. However, this notion has the advantage of making explicit the interest to analyse the links between water rights and land rights, which is the purpose of the second part of this paper. In a context of legal pluralism, the examples discussed show the diversity of these interactions: in some cases water rights are modified so as to increase the size of the irrigated land; in others the use of water is instrumental in obtaining a legitimate land right. In contrast, in the case of tenancy situations, the status of land tenure continues to jeopardize access to water. The tenure status of an irrigated or potentially irrigable land is important to consider in order to understand the dynamics of water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the notion of 'environmental subjectivities' developed by Arun Agrawal. Questioning how environmentally conscious subjects appear in regimes of conservation, the author advocates analyzing environmental policies from the perspective of the changing relations between marginalized localities and their institutions. This article confronts his approach with biocultural conservation which acknowledges environmental practices in these marginalized communities, without however delegating management to them. The case of the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve in Colombia, where artisanal fishermen have developed strong environmental identities while resisting conservation in everyday life, highlights the need to analyze plural and competing 'environmental subjectivities'. Built on the observation of the daily practices of fishermen, this article advocates for a re-politicized analysis of how 'environmental subjectivities' vary. Instead of describing the adoption of a common concern about the environment, it describes 'environmental subjectivities' as plural, contradictory, embedded in mechanisms of social distinction and negotiations between administrators and citizens at the margins who seek to participate in the government of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of the environmental issue in French research institutions since the 1990's coincided both with a strong development of interdisciplinarity, and with an ever growing recourse to history, first as narrative, second as method. This paper aims to analyse this process from the perspective of a situated trajectory, that of the author, a historian who was progressively integrated into the epistemic community formed around the study of the relationships between natures, sciences, and societies, and led to share the heuristic dimension of historical narrative as a means of elucidating 'what happens to time' in the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epode of Archilochus (s. vii B. C.) composed by the ff. 172-181 S. offers a reading of the poem where the αἶνος of the eagle and the fox is presented as an exemplum of events narrated within the biographical tradition of the poet. This paper aims, on the one hand, to research how elements such as friendship, betrayal and revenge links both narratives; and, on the other hand, it intends to examine the interaction between the fable and the iambus. The analysis concludes that, in this epode, the violation of the codes of "commensality" plays a very important role in the interrelation between iambus, fable and biographical tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2007, the World Health Organization published a global guide on innovations to the built and social environments that would ensure active aging for seniors. This guide suggests that municipalities adopt an "age-friendly city" approach, i.e. by improving the infrastructure, equipment and services used by seniors, particularly in terms of leisure, health and transportation. This paper aims to assess the scope of the measures put in place by the various social actors of two communities that have implemented the VADA process in New Brunswick, Saint-Quentin and Grand Falls. On a theoretical level, our framework is based on the model of environmental gerontology, which acts on the territorial governance process. Advocating a qualitative approach, our analysis method consisted of conducting semi-directed interviews with stakeholders and partners involved in the VADA process and holding focus groups with seniors. Despite the aims expressed by the elected officials, our results show that the approach fell short in improving the quality of life of seniors due to difficulties related not only to a lack of shared leadership, to the new responsibilities that fell on local actors, to communication consultation and demobilization issues, but also to a lack of knowledge of the project, both on the part of social actors and seniors, and to the current pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a review of driving instructor activity. Firstly, we present the most relevant characteristics of the road space environment, where driving instructors carry out their activity. We explain that this environment is dynamic, due to unpredictable changes in situation. It is also risky, due to the presence of numerous risk factors, and diverse, depending on the configuration of the roads, and finally, it is shared with other road users. Secondly, we try to identify the actual tasks of driving instructors and their characteristics during a driving session. The sharing of the road space leads them to organize their activity into two tasks. The first relates to safe management of the environment and includes the driving of the vehicle. The second concerns the driving instruction, which includes pedagogical guidance. Thirdly, we deal with the actual activity that the instructor carries out to complete his/her dual task. Two strategies emerge. The first concerns the instructor's selection of the road zones that will be proposed to the student. The second concerns variations in the instructor's guiding activity. We will show that these strategies reflect a formative dimension for the instructor, whose activity is personalised in accordance with the student's level, the detection of his/her difficulties and the modification of learning situations. Finally, we conclude with a presentation of the driver instruction curriculum and the instructor's training programme. These are accompanied by a difficulty of operationalisation by the instructor in a situation with the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]