54 results on '"ECONOMIC impact"'
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2. Pourquoi Entrer a l'Universite? L'exemple d'une Universtie de Lettres et Sciences Humaines. (Why Enter a University? An Example from a Liberal Arts College.)
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Canals, Valerie and Diebolt, Claude
- Abstract
Suggests that the high dropout rate among first-year students in French universities is due in part to economic factors, which push some students into attending school when work is scarce. Differentiates between those who enter school to invest in the future and those who enter by default. (Contains 71 references.) (NB)
- Published
- 2001
3. Crop rotation as an economic strategy for small-scale farmers: evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
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Muhammad Ali Hassaan, Hadi Alishba, Salman Aslam, Muhammad Danyal, Zulqarnain Abbas, Anayat Ullah, Malook Muhammad Babar, Zeeshan Haider, and Asif Iqbal
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Crop rotation ,Economic impact ,Farm profitability ,Small-scale farming ,Agriculture - Abstract
This study examined the economic feasibility of crop rotation as a farming technique for small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2022. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated qualitative and quantitative data to comprehensively assess the financial impact of crop rotation. The research focused on two key regions in Punjab renowned for small-scale farming: Sargodha and Chakwal. These areas were selected due to their prevalent small-scale farming practices and diverse agricultural methods. The study included a control group of farms that did not practice crop rotation, alongside farms actively implementing this technique. Through surveys of farm owners, input costs (such as seeds, fertilizers, and labor), market prices, crop yields, and total farm revenues were quantified over a three-year period. Soil health indicators were evaluated through soil sample analyses. Qualitative insights into farmers' perspectives on the benefits, challenges, and financial decision-making processes related to crop-rotation were gathered via in-depth interviews and regional focus groups. The findings from 2022 demonstrated advantages for farms practicing crop-rotation, evidenced by consistently higher yields and reduced seed costs. These farms also reported significantly greater profitability. The qualitative analysis highlighted local dynamics influencing the adoption of crop rotation. The study underscored the need to address challenges such as weather fluctuations and market conditions. The insights from this 2022 research can greatly benefit policymakers and agricultural practitioners in promoting sustainable farming practices among small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop rotation emerges as a strategy capable of enhancing agricultural productivity and bolstering the financial resilience of small-scale farming communities.
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- 2024
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4. Evaluation of costs related to antimicrobial resistance of priority Gram-negative bacilli
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Maria ANTON, Larisa PANTEA, Olga BURDUNIUC, Marcela CHILIANU, Victoria BUCOV, and Livia TAPU
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economic impact ,antimicrobial resistance ,gram-negative bacilli ,invasive infections ,burden of amr ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Introduction. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats to global public health, causing over 700 thousand deaths annually. In addition to the social burden, AMR generates high medical costs, and estimating these at the hospital level has been the subject of research in many international studies. Material and methods. A comprehensive study was conducted, encompassing 172 cases of invasive infections recorded in patients hospitalized at the “Timofei Mosneaga” Republican Clinical Hospital, from which strains of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa were isolated in the years 2019-2021. Based on data regarding the duration of hospitalization, treatment costs, and expenses for investigations, indicators such as average cost, the median, minimum and maximum values of treatment, including the cost of antibiotics and laboratory analyses, were calculated. Results. The economic impact indicators of AMR at the hospital level include: the duration of hospitalization, the total costs of a treated case, the costs of antibiotics, and the costs of laboratory analyses. In the structure of microorganisms isolated from the patients included in the study, K. pneumoniae predominates, accounting for 44.2%, and the total treatment cost for this organism was the highest at 202731.5 dollars. The maximum duration of hospitalization was recorded in patients from whom A. baumannii was isolated (27.7 days). Conclusions. The resistance of strains isolated from patients has directly contributed to the extension of the hospitalization period. The resistance of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae species has predominantly led to the increase in the economic burden of AMR.
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- 2024
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5. Economic Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Transformation of Education. A Case Study on Estonia
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Gabriela Călinescu and Marcela Tanasciuc
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artificial intelligence ,education ,economic impact ,estonia. ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
This paper delves into the integration of artificial intelligence within Estonia’s education system, showcasing the country’s global reputation for digital innovation. Utilising the method of the case study and the method of document analysis, we explore not only the practical outcomes, challenges, and strategies related to the adoption of artificial intelligence in the Estonian education system but also its economic implications. The research highlights artificial intelligence’s potential to lead to cost efficiencies and economic benefits for the education sector. Furthermore, we address the critical issue of fostering artificial intelligence literacy among students, schools, and universities, pinpointing data privacy and ethical considerations as key areas of concern. The strategies implemented by educational institutions to mitigate these challenges and promote a comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence are also discussed. In conclusion, the paper underscores artificial intelligence’s transformative potential in reshaping education, offering guidance for other nations and academic entities aiming to successfully integrate artificial intelligence-based technologies. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a supportive policy framework and a solid ethical foundation to navigate the complexities of artificial intelligence adoption and ensure responsible use, while also considering the economic impact on the educational ecosystem and the labour market at large.
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- 2023
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6. COMMERCE NOËL... J'OUBLIE TOUT?
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BUFFARD, CÉCILE
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ECONOMIC impact ,CHRISTMAS ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,HOLIDAY shopping - Abstract
The article delves into the looming holiday season amidst economic challenges, exploring French consumer sentiments and the economic impact on Christmas shopping. It covers the intention of preserving the festive spirit despite economic strains, and it details survey findings on consumer spending intentions for Christmas, indicating a readiness to make concessions while maintaining the essence of the season.
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- 2023
7. A Review on Green Machining: Environmental and Economic Impacts of Cutting Fluids
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Dubey Yogesh, Sharma Pankaj, Singh Mahendra Pratap, Rao GVR. Seshagiri, Mohammad Q., Lakhanpal Sorabh, Raj Vijilius Helena, and Rao A. L. N.
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green machining ,cutting fluids ,environmental impact ,economic impact ,sustainable manufacturing ,machining processes ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Green machining is an emerging field that focuses on reducing the environmental impact of machining processes while maintaining or improving their economic efficiency. Cutting fluids are commonly used in machining operations to reduce friction and heat generated during cutting, but they can also cause negative environmental and health impacts. This paper reviews the environmental and economic impacts of cutting fluids in machining processes and presents various green machining techniques that can be used as alternatives to traditional cutting fluids. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with implementing green machining techniques and the main outcome is the potential benefits for both the environment and the economy.
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- 2024
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8. Wiener Philharmoniker: Une certaine idée de l'orchestre.
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MERLIN, CHRISTIAN
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SYMPHONY ,ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
The article focuses on the Vienna Philharmoniker, Austria, one of the world's best orchestras, and its history and identity. It also discusses the economic aspects of the orchestra and its dual role as a symphonic and operatic ensemble. It compares the Vienna Philharmoniker with its rival, the Berlin Philharmonic, emphasizing the differences in their playing styles.
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- 2023
9. Infrastructures de transport créatives
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Bonin, Sophie
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decision support ,land-use planning ,biodiversity ,climate ,behaviour ,technical advice ,sustainable development ,economic development ,ecology ,economy ,ecosystem ,energy ,issue ,environment ,equipment ,expertise ,wildlife ,forest ,France ,inhabitant ,economic impact ,macroeconomics ,modelling ,prevention ,forecasting ,reforestation ,research ,regulation ,technology ,vegetation ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change - Abstract
Transport and energy infrastructures - roads, motorways, railways, inland waterways and high-voltage lines - have been major technical, economic and political markers of progress. But the upheavals caused by climate change and the erosion of biodiversity, to which they have contributed, are turning this perspective on its head. These major lines make it possible to isolate or connect environments, generate new relationships with space and create new landscapes. They hold the promise of transforming our lifestyles, fostering cooperation between stakeholders and creating a more positive relationship between living beings and human constructions, against the backdrop of the challenge of decarbonisation. By mobilising active and creative research, the Ittecop research programme (land transport infrastructures, territories, ecosystems and landscapes) brings together public and private players to improve their actions and knowledge on these subjects. Aimed at infrastructure managers and developers, experts from government departments and consultancy firms, as well as students and researchers, this book examines how infrastructures help to mobilise territories around environmental issues and explores the possibility of a hybridisation of knowledge and practices between ecological and social sciences. It looks at policy tools and how they can be criticised, the environmental assessment procedures for projects, and the 'avoid-reduce-compensate' doctrine. Finally, research on infrastructures is considered as a contribution to the renewal of the management and design of these major developments.
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- 2024
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10. Désertification et changement climatique, un même combat ?
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Bonnet, Bernard, Chotte, Jean-Luc, Hiernaux, Pierre, Ickowicz, Alexandre, and Loireau, Maud
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land-use planning ,biodiversity ,climate ,sustainable development ,water ,ecology ,economy ,ecosystem ,environment ,economic impact ,water resources ,drought ,soil ,vegetation ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management::RNFD Drought and water supply - Abstract
What are the causes of vegetation and soil degradation? What are the consequences for ecosystems, biodiversity, water resources and the climate? What are the impacts on human societies and the economy? Often wrongly perceived as a distant issue for our European countries, the fight against desertification is struggling to emerge as an environmental priority. Yet desertification is not inevitable. This book shows that desertification is not always linked to climate change, and that it does not only occur in the drylands that are most at risk. It clarifies the concept in its various geographical, biological and socio-economic variations. Based on the most recent scientific studies, the authors explain the methods and expected benefits of combating desertification and land degradation. Aimed at scientists, NGOs, journalists, students and decision-makers, they seek to deconstruct a number of preconceived ideas in order to make a full contribution to national and international debates.
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- 2024
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11. La libre détention et utilisation des monnaies étrangères en République Démocratique du Congo: dissection du fondement légal et de la pertinence sur le plan économique.
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Ayikaba, Jules Masuku and Enagogo, Crispin Agadusameso
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FOREIGN exchange rates ,FOREIGN exchange market ,ECONOMIC impact ,CREDIT control ,NATIONAL currencies - Abstract
Copyright of Law & Politics in Africa, Asia & Latin America / Verfassung und Recht in Übersee (VRÜ) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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12. Impact of labour migration on sustainable development of Russia
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Elsebaie Nazeeh, Ganebnykh Elena, Larinina Tatyana, and Turutin Boris
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labour migration ,sustainable development ,russia ,economic impact ,social impact ,migrant workers ,regional development ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The implications of labor migration for sustainable development have recently become a growing area of scientific and administrative intrigue. Sustainable development embodies harmonious and comprehensive progress in economic, social and environmental dimensions, which meets the requirements of the present, without hindering the ability of future generations to realize their own prerequisites. The impact of labor migration on sustainable development depends on the circumstances and specific conditions of migration and can lead to both favorable and unfavorable results. One of the key differences between labor migration in Russia and in other parts of the world is the geographical proximity of the countries of origin. This difference in geographical proximity of the countries of origin can have significant consequences for the integration and social cohesion of migrant workers in the host society. This manuscript is an integral part of an ongoing research project aimed at a thorough study of the impact of labor migration on sustainable development in Russia. Our main goal is to accurately answer the following research question: what is the cumulative impact of labor migration on sustainable development in Russia and how does it fluctuate in economic, social and environmental dimensions? The article analyzes the data and assesses the impact of labor migration on sustainable development in Russia. The results of this study have the potential to serve as a guide for policy makers and contribute to the scientific dialogue on labor migration and sustainable development.
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- 2023
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13. Social Reflections of the Pandemic
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Belgin Ünal, Nükhet Hotar, Rabia Ece Omay, Ziya Kuruüzüm, and Serdar Bayrak
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covid-19 ,pandemic ,economic impact ,social impact ,pandemi ,ekonomik etki ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
İlk kez 2019 yılının Aralık ayında Çin'de görülen ve çok kısa sürede pandemiye dönüşen Covid-19, alınan güçlü önlemler sayesinde bulunduğumuz coğrafi konuma göre oldukça geç bir tarihte ülkemizde de ortaya çıkmıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün pandemi ilanı ile beraber Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın geliştirmiş olduğu algoritmalar doğrultusunda Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Yerleşkesinde de yönetsel ve tıbbi değerlendirmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve süreç bu prensiplerle sürdürülmeye devam edilmiştir. Çalışmada Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Pandemi Polikliniği'ne başvuran hastaların tanı kriterlerine bağlı olarak değerlendirilme süreçleri ve buna bağlı sosyo-demografik özellikleri incelenmiş ve uzun vadede toplu izolasyonun sürdürülebilir olup olmadığı, normalleşme sürecinin nasıl sürdürülmesi gerektiği ile ilgili öngörülere de yer verilmiştir. Bu amaçla 18.03.2020-24.04.2020 periyodunda DEÜ Araştırma Uygulama Hastanesinde Covid-19 tanısı ile izlenen hastaların demografik özellikleri dikkate alınmıştır. Covid-19 pandemi süreci bir toplumun en temel ihtiyaçlarından birinin sağlık hizmetleri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte kesin Covid-19 vakalarının diğer Covid-19 vakaları ile temasta bulunmuş olma oranı oldukça yüksektir ve bu nedenle pandeminin yayılımını kontrol altına almak için sosyal izolasyonun sağlanması çok önemlidir. Bununla birlikte kamu ve özel sektörün gerekli önlemleri alarak, kontrollü bir normalleşme sürecine geçmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
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- 2020
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14. Danube Free Zones – between Desiderata and Achievements
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Rose-Marie Puscaciu and Viorica Puscaciu
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international trade ,transit zones ,free ports ,foreign trade ,economic impact ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
The notion of free zone, appears frequently in commercial discussions, as being the place where you can develop a business, due to several facilities offered to both importers and exporters - facilities of a customs, fiscal and commercial nature. Many companies use the advantages of the free zone regime, as a good tool for fiscal optimization of costs. Under the conditions of globalization, it is becoming increasingly important to use tools that optimize the flow of goods. In this sense, free zones are the most suitable tools for optimizing both the flows of goods and the financial ones of companies. With so many advantages it presents a free area related to a waterway, such as the Danube River. Our study aims to analyze the opportunities and achievements of the free zones related to the Danube, in Romania; the addressability of this analysis is both to the business environment and to the academic one. The analysis methods are by excellence qualitative, thematic, comparative, applying the study, the expertise. Our study can be useful both to business people, as well as to researchers, students in the economic field; therefore, any suggestions for improvement will be welcome.
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- 2019
15. Guide pour l'évaluation de l'agroécologie
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Levard, Laurent
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Africa ,farmer ,agriculture ,organic farming ,agronomy ,decision support ,Asia ,biodiversity ,technical advice ,sustainable development ,water ,ecology ,economy ,ecosystem ,livestock ,employment ,fertilizer ,environment ,equipment ,Europe ,evaluation ,expertise ,farm ,economic impact ,pesticide ,public policy ,crop production ,quality ,harvest ,health ,food safety ,soil ,cropping system ,terroir ,valorisation ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ,thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies - Abstract
The Guide for the evaluation of agroecology proposes an approach and methodological tools to assess, on the one hand, the effects of agroecological practices and systems on the agro-environmental and socio-economic performance of agriculture and, on the other hand, the conditions for the development of agroecology. It aims to help development actors to better design their projects, programmes and public policies in favour of agroecology, to facilitate the creation of references (performance and development conditions) and to support farmers so that they can better evaluate the results of their practices and thus have a decision-making aid. This guide is divided into three parts. The first part presents the general approaches to spot evaluation and monitoring-evaluation. The second part consists of evaluation sheets dealing either with the elements on which agroecology is likely to have effects in the agro-environmental and socio-economic fields, or with the conditions for its development. Finally, the third part offers methodological complements in the form of tool sheets. This book is the result of collaboration between teams from GTAE (Agrisud International, AVSF, Cari and GRET), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, IRD and the Institut Agro Montpellier.
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- 2023
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16. Vieillir à l'étranger. Le cas des ressortissant·e·s suisses au Maroc et en Espagne.
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Repetti, Marion and Bolzman, Claudio
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ECONOMIC impact ,OLD age ,CASE studies ,IMMIGRANTS ,TRANSNATIONALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Énergie et climat : défis et innovations.
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Roux, Didier
- Subjects
- *
CARBON emissions , *ECONOMIC impact , *ECONOMIC development , *GROSS domestic product - Abstract
Access to energy is a key factor in the economic development of countries. We will first examine the evolution of different ways to access to energy and their correlations with world population and countries’ GDP. We will see that the objectives of reducing carbon dioxide emissions which require a profound transformation of our access to energy will be very difficult to achieve. We will also see that the thermal improvement of buildings, and in particular the renovation of existing housing, is one of the possible objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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18. Globalization and its impact on Slovak economy during corona crisis
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Hlawiczka Roman and Kollar Boris
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global economy ,gross domestic product ,unemployment rate ,economic impact ,globalization ,economic policy ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Research background: The presented article analysis major impacts of corona crisis on global and subsequently Slovak economy. It divides major impacts into several basic categories. These categories are presented in the methods part of the article. First of all, we analyze and discuss economic impacts, subsequently shocks in supply and demand and at last impacts of policies. These categories contain wide literature research in order to offer complex overview of the topic. The results and discussion part offers comparison of three important economic indicators. Namely gross domestic product, inflation rate and unemployment rate in periods before, during and shortly after the corona crisis. Some of the selected countries play major role in global economy – China, United States and European union. Other selected economies have the most direct impact on Slovak economy like Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Austria. For complex overview, we also included results of Euro area and Italy as a country with the worst course of pandemic. Purpose of the article: Major purpose of presented article is description of major impacts of corona crisis on Global and Slovak economy. The need to shut down individual parts of economies and in some cases total lock down results in important damages. The article underlines these damages. Methods: Among the methods used in this article, the most important one have descriptively analytical character. We also used other methods of formal logic like analysis, graphic method, comparison and synthesis. Findings & Value added: Overview of the major corona crisis impacts on Slovak and global economy during corona crisis.
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- 2021
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19. Apports et limites du dépistage prénatal non invasif
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Fries, Dr Nicolas
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economic impact ,qualité du suivi échographique ,impact sanitaire ,ultrasound monitoring quality ,impact économique ,sanitary impact - Abstract
Le dépistage des anomalies chromosomiques par le DPNI n’a cessé de s’étendre ces dernières années, tant en ce qui concerne les femmes enceintes testées que les anomalies ciblées. La France n’échappe pas à cette tendance et pourrait notamment, dans les années à venir, généraliser pour toutes les femmes enceintes, donc « en première ligne », un DPNI dit « pangénomique », portant sur tout le génome du fœtus. L’article envisage les apports et les limites qu’aurait une telle évolution, sur les plans scientifique, économique, médical (notamment la qualité du suivi échographique de la grossesse). Il montre en particulier que le coût collectif qu’impliquerait l’utilisation du DPNI en première intention, la fréquence des faux positifs liés au dépistage des anomalies autres que les trisomies 21, 18 et 13, et les difficultés d’information des couples méritent d’être pensés en profondeur. Screening for chromosomal abnormalities using NIPT has developed both in terms of indications, methods, screened anomalies. France is no exception to this trend and could, in the coming years, generalize a so-called “genome-wide” NIPT for all pregnant women, covering the entire genome of the fetus. The article considers the scientific and economic benefits and limitations of such a development, how it could affect the ultrasound monitoring of the pregnancy and what it should imply in terms of information for couples.
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- 2022
20. A review of methods to assess the economic impact of distributed medical education (DME) in Canada
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Kim Lemky, Pierre Gagne, Jill Konkin, Karl Stobbe, Gervan Fearon, Sylvia Blom, and Genevieve Maltais Lapointe
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Distributed Medical Education ,Literature Review ,Economic Impact ,Economic Assessment Methods ,Canada ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Canadian distributed medical education (DME) increased substantially in the last decade, resulting in positive economic impacts to local communities. A reliable and simple method to estimate economic contributions is essential to provide managers with information on the extent of these impacts. This review paper fills a gap in the literature by answering the question: What are the most applicable quantitative methods to assess the economic impact of Canadian DME programs? Methods: The literature is reviewed to identify economic assessment methods. These are evaluated and compared based on the benefits, challenges, data needs, outputs and potential for use in the DME context. Results: We identified five economic impact methods used in similar contexts. Two of these methods have the potential for Canadian DME programs: the Canadian Input-Output (I-O) model and the Simplified American Council on Education (ACE) method. Conclusion: Choice of a method is contingent on the ability to measure the salient economic impacts, and provide an output that facilitates sustainable decision making. This paper thus fills a gap by identifying methods applicable to DME. These methods will assist stakeholders to calculate economic impacts, resulting in both the advancement and sustainability of these programs over short- and long-term time frames.
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- 2018
- Full Text
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21. Le renouveau des territoires par la bioéconomie
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Callois, Jean-Marc
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human activity ,agriculture ,decision support ,food ,land use planning ,sustainable development ,economic development ,rural development ,economy ,environmental technology ,employment ,industry ,France ,geography ,economic impact ,public policy ,valorisation ,thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVD Agricultural and rural economics - Abstract
Jean-Marc Callois proposes to understand the mechanisms of territorial development, to identify the local potential of bioresources and the articulation between uses, to activate the various public policy tools, to articulate the scales of governance and finally to conceive the economic system as an ecosystem. Living resources are a major element in the response to the environmental crisis. Admittedly, photosynthesis has a much lower energy yield than photovoltaics, but it has the advantage of not requiring increasingly rare minerals whose extraction is polluting. Bioresources have considerable potential for creating activities and jobs, well beyond current food and energy uses. They are also a means of revitalising many rural areas in decline. The book sets out a methodological framework for implementing a territorial development strategy based on bioresources. It brings together the various theoretical tools needed to understand the economic mechanisms underlying territorial development and details their practical application. It is also a plea for greater consideration of the bioeconomy in public policies and in economic thinking. This book is primarily intended for regional development practitioners (local authorities, development agencies, consultants, etc.) who wish to implement such an approach to development.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. Las investigaciones sobre turismo de observación de tiburones y rayas en España
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Raquel De la Cruz Modino
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Diving ,Tourism ,Sharks ,Canary Islands ,Economic impact ,Recreation. Leisure ,GV1-1860 - Abstract
The results of the projects “Study on Economic Benefits of Shark Diving in Canary Islands (Part I)” and “Overview and Economic Impact of the Activities of Diving with Chondrichthyan in Canary Islands” haven been recently presented. Both studies were developed at the University of La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain) in collaboration with the English consulting New Economics Foundation (NEF). The research included the analysis of the economic benefits related with the presence of these animals and the development of diving activities, and about the attractiveness or interest of these animals for tourism. The final document, entitled “Diving with sharks and rays in Spain: Analysis of its potential in Spain and the economic benefits of the activity in the Canary Islands” (De la Cruz Modino, Esteban et al. 2010), defended the economic value of a variety of species of cartilaginous fish from a contemplative and non-extractive perspective.
- Published
- 2011
23. Tourism and Economic Development in Romania: Input-Output Analysis Perspective
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MARIUS SURUGIU and CAMELIA SURUGIU
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tourism ,economic impact ,multipliers ,input-output ,Romania ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Tourism provides a lot of opportunities for sustainable economic development. At local level, by its triggering effect it could represent a factor of economic recovery, by putting to good use the local material and human potential. By its position of predominantly final-branch, tourism exercises to a large impact on national economy by the vector of final demand, for which the possible and/or desirable variant for the future is an economic-social demand that must be satisfied by variants of total output. Using the input-output model (IO model) a comparison was made of the matrix of direct technical coefficients (aij) and the one of the total requirement coefficients (bij) with the assistance of which the direct and propagated effects were determined for this activity by the indicators defining the dimensions of national economy.
- Published
- 2010
24. Midiendo el impacto económico del gasto turístico de los visitantes a los parques nacionales de Costa Rica
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Aguirre, Juan Antonio
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Costa Rica ,Economic Impact ,Ecotoursim ,Multipliers ,Volcanic Eruption ,Recreation. Leisure ,GV1-1860 - Abstract
Volcán Poas National Park is the most visited of Costa Rica, because its easy access, proximity to main population centers and good highways. Between March and April of 2006 product of some intra-crater eruptions, the park was limited in access for three weeks. The study reported estimates the economic impact of the closing during that period. The estimates are the products of a census of the 28 business affected. This type of information and methodology permit the communities to know what took place in economic terms and thus to avoid frustrations in terms of financial gain expected that do not materialize.
- Published
- 2008
25. Evaluation de l'impact économique du cotonnier sans gossypol en Côte d'Ivoire
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Zagbaï, HS., Berti, F., and Lebailly, P.
- Subjects
Cotton ,Gossypol ,Farmers ,Economic impact ,Extension ,Ivory Coast ,Agriculture - Abstract
Assessment of the Economic Impact of Glandless Cotton in Ivory Coast. This study presents the results of an ex-post assessment of the economic impact of glandless cotton introduced in farming system in north Ivory Coast. The researches on this type of cotton plant have been conducted since 1975 until now in Bouaké. From 1980 to 1995, the extension office has released new glandless cotton varieties. They were intended mainly to obtain a more competitive fiber on the world market as well as edible grain for animals (cakes) and for man (oil, flour). A surplus economic estimated model has been applied for this analysis. Upon the basis of the hypothesis retained in this analysis, the net present value estimated is negative. These results put in evidence the economic failure of the glandless cotton research and extension program in Ivory Coast. Furthermore, the lower productivity at farm level induced a decrease of total fiber and oil productions. This study presents three interests. Firstly by showing that it is possible to have a good idea about an ex-post assessment of public investment in agriculture. Secondly by showing clearly that an extension program success depends on its capability to solve farmer's real problems. Thirdly, it gives a good feed-back to agricultural researchers.
- Published
- 2008
26. Ruralismo y tecnotropismo: turismo y desarrollo en la Bonaigua
- Author
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Nogués Pedregal, Antonio Miguel
- Subjects
Rural Tourism ,Economic impact ,Place ,Image ,Etnography ,Recreation. Leisure ,GV1-1860 - Abstract
The article presents an ethnographic research carried out in the Mancomunidad de la Bonaigua, located in the province of Alicante (Spain). After an ethnographic description of the tourism environment, it is analysed the progressive presentation of rural tourism as the instrument for the economic development of inland municipalities and of the critial situation of the sunandsea tourism type in Alicante. The combination of these objectives under what we called ruralism, presented as the ‘reality’ by technotropism, mediates in the signifying processes in the Mancomunidad. The anthropological analysis applies the theoretical model of the conversión of place through the meaningful mediation of tourism space
- Published
- 2006
27. El papel del patrimonio en el progreso económico social y cultural. El caso particular del turismo
- Author
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Hernández Oramas, Alicia
- Subjects
Cultural heritage ,Economic impact ,Recreation. Leisure ,GV1-1860 - Abstract
Opiniones y ensayos
- Published
- 2004
28. IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE EVENTOS DEPORTIVOS: MODELO Y PRAXIS.
- Author
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Salgado Barandela, Jesyca, Barajas, Angel, Lera López, Fernando, and Sánchez Fernández, Patricio
- Subjects
SPORTS & economics ,SPORTS teams ,SPORTS research ,ECONOMIC impact analysis ,ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
Copyright of Intercontinental Journal of Sport Management / Revista Intercontinental de Gestão Desportiva is the property of Revista Intercontinental de Gestao Desportiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
29. Opportunité économique de l'introduction de grignons d'olive dans l'alimentation des animaux en Tunisie.
- Author
-
Gharbi, Faten Rejeb and Benarif, Taher
- Subjects
OLIVE ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,ANIMAL nutrition ,ECONOMIC impact ,RABBIT feeding & feeds ,RUMINANT feeding & feeds ,INCOME - Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
30. Économie solidaire et espace public en Afrique : le cas de la région de Marrakech.
- Author
-
Elmorchid, Brahim
- Subjects
SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,ECONOMIC impact ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,SOLIDARITY ,SOCIAL cohesion - Abstract
The article focuses on the socioeconomic realities involved in the interaction between the economy of solidarity and public space. It presents a monographic study which will test the contributions made bythe literature on public space. It explains the crucial role of public space in understanding the role of the economy of solidarity.
- Published
- 2010
31. Les déterminants économiques et non économiques de la migration de retour en Thaïlande rurale.
- Author
-
PIOTROWSKI, Martin and TONG, Yuying
- Subjects
RETURN migration ,ECONOMIC impact ,RURAL geography ,COHORT analysis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RETURN migrants ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. ÉVALUATION DE LA PERFORMANCE SOCIALE: LES ENJEUX D'UNE FINANCE RESPONSABLE.
- Author
-
LAPENU, Cécile, KONINI, Zana, and RAZAKAHARIVELO, Charlot
- Subjects
MICROFINANCE ,SOCIAL impact ,ECONOMIC impact ,SOCIAL responsibility ,FINANCIAL services industry - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 250.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
The article reports that between 2022 and 2025, there should be several retirements, which is explained by the age of the Opera Bastille as this will have an economic impact, as starting salaries are lower than end-of-career salaries.
- Published
- 2022
34. Etude d'impact des Jeux Equestres Mondiaux FEI Alltech™ 2014 en Normandie : bilan et perspectives
- Author
-
Vial, Celine, Barget, Eric, Eslan, Camille, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Pôle développement innovation et recherche, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Observatoire des Mutations Institutionnelles et Juridiques (OMIJ), Gouvernance des Institutions et des Organisations (GIO), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE). FRA., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)
- Subjects
economic impact ,normandie ,étude d'impact ,equestrian event ,loisir équestre ,social impact ,environmental impact ,legacy ,predictive tool ,outil prédictif ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,horse ,Economies et finances ,Economies and finances ,héritage ,équidé ,compétition équestre ,impact environnemental ,cheval ,compétition sportive ,impact socio économique ,france ,sport event - Abstract
Dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche mené en partenariat par l’Ifce, l’Inra et le CDES de Limoges, une méthodologie d’étude des impacts économiques, sociaux et environnementaux de court terme des événements équestre a été progressivement créée et testée sur différentes manifestations de petite et moyenne envergure. Elle a finalement été adaptée à un événement de grande envergure et appliquée aux Jeux Equestres Mondiaux FEI Alltech™ 2014 en Normandie (JEM 2014). Ce dernier travail a aussi été l’occasion d’étendre l’analyse à l’héritage de long terme de la manifestation. Cet article présente les méthodes utilisées pour l’étude d’impact des JEM 2014, ses principaux résultats, mais aussi les perspectives issues de ce programme de recherche. En effet, au-delà des apports scientifiques de ce travail, notamment liés à des approfondissements méthodologiques, différentes valorisations sont en cours, dont la création d’un outil prédictif simplifié, permettant d’estimer les impacts économiques de court terme de tous types d’événements équestres., As part of a collaborative research program carried out by the IFCE, the INRA and the CDES of Limoges, a methodology for studying the short-term economic, social and environmental impacts of equestrian events was progressively created and tested on various small and medium-scale events. It was finally adapted to a large-scale event and applied to the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games™ 2014 in Normandy (2014 WEG). This was also an opportunity to extend the analysis to the long-term legacy of the event. This article presents the methods used for the 2014 WEG impact study, its main results, but also the perspectives resulting from this research program. Indeed, beyond the scientific contributions of this work, particularly related to methodological improvements, different valorizations are in progress, including the creation of a simplified predictive tool, to estimate the short-term economic impacts of all types of equestrian events.
- Published
- 2018
35. Le poids économique direct de la culture en 2015
- Author
-
Picard, Tristan
- Subjects
economic impact ,industries culturelles ,ABQ ,Economics ,GTG ,ART043000 ,politiques culturelles ,Cultural studies ,SOC000000 - Abstract
En 2015, le poids économique direct de la culture, c’est-à-dire la valeur ajoutée de l’ensemble des branches culturelles, est de 43 milliards d’euros. La part de la culture dans l’ensemble de l’économie (2,2 %) est en baisse et représente la valeur minimale de ce poids en vingt ans. À titre de comparaison, la branche hébergement et restauration réalise une valeur ajoutée de 55 milliards d’euros en 2015. Par rapport à 2008, la croissance des branches culturelles est nulle, ce qui s’explique par les différentes crises structurelles touchant l’architecture (- 2,3 % par an depuis 2008), la presse et le livre (respectivement - 2,1 % et - 1,7 % par an) ainsi que les agences de publicité (- 1,5 % par an). À l’inverse, certains secteurs sont en pleine croissance, notamment l’audiovisuel (+ 1,7 % par an) et le patrimoine (+ 2,8 % par an). L’audiovisuel et le spectacle vivant restent les deux premières branches culturelles en termes de poids économique et représentent, ensemble, 44 % de la valeur ajoutée des branches culturelles. Conséquence de cette croissance en berne, l’emploi culturel continue de baisser (- 3,6 % par rapport à 2014) et passe sous les 600 000 emplois. Depuis 2011, les branches culturelles ont perdu 80 000 emplois. In 2015, the direct economic impact of culture, i.e. the total value-added of all areas of culture, amounted to some 43 billion euros. The proportional value of culture within the economy as a whole fell to 2.2%, the lowest it has been for twenty years. For the purposes of comparison, the value-added of the hotel and catering industry was worth 55 billion euros in 2015. Compared with 2008, there has been zero growth across all areas of culture, which is due to the various ongoing economic crises affecting the sectors of architecture (down 2.3% year-on-year since 2008), press and book publishing (down 2.1% and 1.7% respectively, year-on-year) and advertising agencies (down 1.5% year-on-year). Conversely, sectors such as audiovisual (up 1.7% year-on-year) and cultural heritage (up 2.8% year-on-year) are experiencing a boom. Audiovisual and the performing arts are the two biggest cultural sectors in terms of their contribution to the cultural economy and, together, represent 44% of the value-added of all the cultural sectors combined. As a result of this sluggish economic situation, employment in the cultural sector continues its downward trajectory (down 3.6% on 2014) and has fallen below 600,000 jobs. The cultural sector has lost 80,000 jobs since 2011.
- Published
- 2018
36. Évaluation de la durabilité de la filière Indication Géographique Protégée « Canard à foie gras du Sud-Ouest »
- Author
-
Martine Padilla, Antoine Besnier, Sophie Penavayre, Laurence Fortun-Lamothe, Marie-Pierre Labau, Laura Farrant, Chloé Deneufbourg, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Institut des Corps Gras (ITERG), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM)
- Subjects
PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION ,foie gras ,filière agroalimentaire ,évaluation ,production ,DUCKS ,FRANCE ,SOUTH WEST ,IMPACT SOCIAL ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CHANNEL ,EVALUATION ,Political science ,IMPACT ECONOMIQUE ,Social impact ,FILIERE ,INDICATION GEOGRAPHIQUE PROTEGEE ,CANARD ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,DURABILITE ,EVALUATION IMPACT SUR ENVIRONNEMENT ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,PRODUIT ANIMAL TRANSFORME ,SUD OUEST ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ,PROCESSED ANIMAL PRODUCTS ,SOCIAL IMPACT ,Humanities ,Autre (Sciences du Vivant) - Abstract
Les filières agroalimentaires font face à de multiples enjeux et questionnements en lien avec les différents aspects du développement durable. L’objectif de ces travaux est de proposer des méthodologies permettant d’aborder l’évaluation de la durabilité des filières de produits agroalimentaires transformés en s’intéressant aux impacts environnementaux ainsi qu’aux performances socio-économiques de la filière Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP) foie gras du Sud-Ouest en lien avec son implantation territoriale. Les impacts environnementaux sont étudiés via la méthode de l’Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV). Les résultats fournissent un éclairage approfondi sur les principaux contributeurs aux impacts de la filière pour chaque étape, depuis les phases amont d’élevage et de gavage, prépondérantes dans le bilan global de la filière, jusqu’à la consommation finale. Une nouvelle méthode est également proposée pour évaluer la performance sociale, économique et territoriale d’une filière alimentaire. La mesure des performances s’articule en quatre catégories : i) dignité et bien-être des travailleurs, ii) territoire et vie locale, iii) loyauté et intégrité des pratiques commerciales et iv) création de richesse, pour lesquelles un ensemble d’indicateurs d’évaluation est défini. Cette méthode vise à repérer où se situent les marges de progrès pour qualifier la filière en termes de performances socio-économiques. L’approche mise en oeuvre souligne que la filière est globalement très performante sur les dimensions étudiées avec néanmoins des enjeux concernant la précarité de certains emplois et des voies d’amélioration concernant la participation à la vie locale., The objective of this work is to propose methodologies in order to assess the sustainability of agri-food sectors by investigating the environmental impacts together with the social and economic performances of the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) South West duck “foie gras” sector in connection with its territorial anchorage. Environmental impacts were assessed through Life Cycle Assessment. The results provide a detailed overview of the main contributors to the environmental impacts for each stage, from rearing and overfeeding that play a major role in the global balance, down to final consumption. A new method is also proposed to assess the social, economic and territorial performances of an agri-food sector, relying on four major categories: i ) dignity and welfare of workers, ii) territory and local life, iii) loyalty and integrity of commercial practices, iv) and wealth creation. For each category a set of indicators is defined and assessed. This method aims at pointing out margins for progress to describe the sector in terms of its social and economic performances. When applied to the “foie gras” sector, this approach has shown that this sector performs well but has highlighted some concerns regarding precarious work and possible improvement concerning the involvement in local life.
- Published
- 2018
37. Une nouvelle espèce invasive en France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)
- Author
-
Valérie Balmès, Alexandre Bout, and Philippe Reynaud
- Subjects
Biology ,New record ,France ,Thysanoptera ,biology ,economic impact - Abstract
A new alien species in France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928, a non-native species of Thripidae, has been reported for the first time from France and Netherlands on Hydrangea sp. in 2014. Since then, it has been found in other European countries and on other host plants. This thrips is native from Eastern Asia where it is considered as a pest in particular because of its role as a vector of the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). This species is not included in existing European identification keys and confusion with close species is possible. The criteria to differentiate T. setosus from the most common French species are given, as well as the haplotypes encountered for two genetic loci. Key points about its distribution, biology and its potential impact are discussed., Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928, une espèce allochtone de Thripidae, a été signalé pour la première fois de France et des Pays-Bas sur Hydrangea sp. en 2014. Depuis, il a été découvert dans d’autres pays européens et sur d’autres plantes-hôtes. Ce thrips est originaire d’Asie orientale où il est considéré comme un ravageur, notamment en raison de son rôle de vecteur du virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). Cette espèce n’est pas prise en compte dans les clés d’identification européennes et la confusion avec des espèces proches est possible. Les critères pour différencier T. setosus des espèces françaises les plus communes sont indiqués, ainsi que les haplotypes rencontrés pour deux loci génétiques. Quelques éléments sur sa distribution, sa biologie et son impact potentiel sont discutés., Balmès Valérie, Bout Alexandre, Reynaud Philippe. Une nouvelle espèce invasive en France : Thrips setosus Moulton, 1928 (Thysanoptera, Thripidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 123 (3),2018. pp. 301-311.
- Published
- 2018
38. Transformations agricoles et agroalimentaires
- Author
-
Allaire, Gilles and Daviron, Benoit
- Subjects
agriculture ,health ,economics ,market ,regulation ,animal husbandry ,trade ,food ,food security ,milk ,sustainable development ,public policy ,bovine ,agronomy ,economic impact ,economic development ,thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production - Abstract
This work provides a synthesis of recent research on the evolution of agriculture and food in a capitalist system. It is based on approaches not well-known in France such as international political economy and ecological economy. It studies agricultural processing in terms of ecology, history and geopolitics and traces specific aspects of agriculture and food in the 21st century. Lastly, it proposes theoretical approaches with a view to renewing the agricultural economy.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Les Premiers Principes de l’analyse d’impact économique local d’une activité culturelle
- Author
-
Nicolas, Yann and Chantepie, Philippe
- Subjects
economic impact ,cultural institution ,collectivités territoriales ,POL038000 ,Economics ,local authorities ,JPP ,system ,Cultural studies ,cultural event ,événement culturel ,dispositif ,impact économique ,équipement culturel - Abstract
L’impact économique local d’un équipement ou d’un événement culturel est attribuable aux dépenses de ceux qui les fréquentent. Il ne peut être solidement estimé qu’en respectant, une fois compris ce qu’il mesure, plusieurs premières règles de méthode : utilisation d’un modèle économique local ad hoc, exclusion de plusieurs types de dépenses, prise en considération de ses coûts. Cette estimation faite, les résultats ne peuvent toutefois être utilisés qu’avec prudence pour motiver la subvention publique locale à une activité culturelle. Cette note détaille les raisons justifiant cette attitude. The local economic impact of a cultural event or facility derives from the money spent by its audience. It can be reliably measured – once it is understood what exactly is being measured – only by observing several methodological ground rules: use of an ad hoc local economic model; exclusion of certain kinds of expenditure; calculation of costs. After estimation, the findings require that caution be exercised when using them for justifying local government subsidies for a cultural activity. This note sets out the reasons underlying this attitude.
- Published
- 2015
40. Analyse d'impacts économiques de la future bibliothèque centrale de Gatineau
- Author
-
Basak, Rishi and Guertin, Michelle
- Subjects
Economic impact ,Feasibility study - Abstract
L’objectif principal de cette étude est de quantifier les impacts directs et indirects, et dans la mesure du possible, les impacts intangibles, d’une bibliothèque centrale d’envergure à Gatineau. Plus précisément, l'étude: 1. Établi une liste des impacts potentiels (directes, indirectes et intangibles) des bibliothèques 2. Détermine quels impacts peuvent être quantifiés de façon crédible pour le projet de la bibliothèque centrale de Gatineau 3. Quantifie un nombre d’impacts économiques directs et indirects 4. Décrit de façon qualitative certains impacts intangibles.
- Published
- 2014
41. La finance non réglementée et le négoce international des matières premières
- Author
-
Simon, Yves, Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing • Cooperatives • Agribusiness ,Economic impact ,Banking industry ,Commodity futures ,JEL: F - International Economics/F.F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business/F.F2.F23 - Multinational Firms • International Business ,jel:G18 ,Bonds (Finance) ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G18 - Government Policy and Regulation ,jel:Q13 ,Capital market ,JEL: F - International Economics/F.F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy/F.F5.F55 - International Institutional Arrangements ,jel:F23 - Abstract
For numbers of politicians, commentators and regulators, it is politically correct to be ready to reinforce the bank and finance regulations and to discover non-regulated activities liable of having systemic implications. The large commodities trading houses could be the next "too big to fail" threat. The economic importance of international commodities traders (oil, energy, metal, agricultural products) has been increasing for the last 30 years. In 2012, Vitol had a 297 billion dollars revenue, negotiating a daily average production of 5,5 million barrels of oil. In 2011, the Glencore turn over reached 186 billion dollars and its profit went beyond 5 billion dollars. In 2012, this trading house bought Xstrata, the third most important mining company in the world. Since 2007, this growth was partly done at the expense of the trading operations of the big investment banks. At all times, the international commercial banks (mostly European) were the main financing sources of the trading commodities houses, but since 2008-2009, the traders have sought for new financial resources they have found in the capital markets (IPO and bonds) and among sovereign wealth funds. The Dodd Frank Act and the Basle 3 regulations account for this weakening of the investment and commercial banks to the benefit of large commodities trading houses and the capital markets. The commodities trading houses are becoming so important that some regulators have foretold a systemic risk. This fear seems exaggerated. Indeed, the trading houses are not in the middle of so complex and interconnected financial relations as those maintained by CME Group, Intercontinental Exchange and the 28 international banks pointed out by the Financial Stability Board.; Pour de nombreux responsables politiques, commentateurs et régulateurs, il est politiquement correct de vouloir renforcer les réglementations bancaires et financières, et de découvrir à tous les coins de rue des activités non réglementées susceptibles d'avoir des implications systémiques. Les sociétés de négoce de matières premières (pétrole, métaux, énergie, produits agricoles) sont parfois montrées du doigt. Le poids économique des négociants internationaux de matières premières ne cesse de croître depuis trente ans. En 2012, Vitol avait un chiffre d'affaires de 297Md$et négociait une moyenne quotidienne de 5,5 millions de barils de pétrole brut. En 2011, le chiffre d'affaires de Glencore atteignait 186 Md$ et ses profits dépassaient 5 Md$. En 2012, ce négociant a acheté Xstrata, la troisième plus importante société minière du monde. Depuis 2007, cette croissance s'est en partie faite au détriment des activités de négoce des grandes banques d'investissement. De tout temps, les banques commerciales internationales (européennes pour la plupart) furent les principales sources de financement des activités de négoce, mais depuis 2008-2009, les négociants cherchent de nouvelles ressources qu'ils trouvent sur les marchés de capitaux (introduction en Bourse et émissions obligataires) et auprès des fonds souverains. La loi Dodd-Frank et les réglementations de Bâle 3 expliquent ce relatif affaiblissement des banques d'investissement et des banques commerciales dont profitent les grands négociants et les marchés de capitaux. Le poids des sociétés de négoce est devenu si important que certains régulateurs ont invoqué à leur sujet la possibilité d'un risque systémique. Cette crainte semble bien excessive. En effet, les relations financières des sociétés de négoce avec leurs contreparties n'ont pas la complexité et l'imbrication qui caractérisent celles entretenues par CME Group, Intercontinental Exchange et les 28 banques internationales épinglées par le Forum de stabilité financière.
- Published
- 2013
42. Un scénario bas carbone 'acceptable' pour la France: Élaboration participative et analyse macroéconomique
- Author
-
Bibas, Ruben, Mathy, Sandrine, Fink, Meike, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Réseau Action Climat, European Project: 213106,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2007-1,ENCI-LOWCARB(2009), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
factor 4 ,economic impact ,economic modeling ,JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models ,parties prenantes ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q0 - General/Q.Q0.Q01 - Sustainable Development ,jel:C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models ,JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H23 - Externalities • Redistributive Effects • Environmental Taxes and Subsidies ,acceptabilité ,jel:Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics ,jel:Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q0 - General/Q.Q0.Q01 - Sustainable Development ,jel:Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,scénario de transition ,stakeholders ,modélisation économique ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q4 - Energy ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics ,jel:H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H23 - Externalities • Redistributive Effects • Environmental Taxes and Subsidies ,acceptability ,transition scenario ,impact économique ,Facteur 4 - Abstract
The implementation of climate policies is often hindered by a lack of acceptability as well as the lack of long-term vision of stakeholders. Mitigation scenarios exercises allow the debate; however the scenario design process lacks transparency and stakeholders' (and citizens') involvement, which leads to a lack of credibility, legitimacy and ownership of mitigation scenarios. This paper presents a process for the collaborative design of an "acceptable" mitigation scenario through a public dialogue involving fifty stakeholders. Stakeholders selected the mitigation policies and measures they deemed acceptable. They significantly contributed to the development of the scenario methodology as well, by defining its specifications including data transparency, sensitivity analysis and the need to clarify certain types of economic and financial impacts for the evaluation of Factor 4 scenarios. The acceptable policies were integrated into the hybrid CGE model Imaclim-R France. This modeling platform, designed for the dialogue between modelers, stakeholders and experts, evaluates the social, economic and financial impact of climate policies. This attempt at a methodology exemplifies a collaborative scenario design, thereby proving that such a process can be implemented. The scenario based on the measures that stakeholders deemed acceptable reduce CO2 emissions by 68% by 2050 compared to 1990, which is a result close to the target of the Factor 4 (75%). The measures to reduce emissions are beneficial for employment and economic growth, except in the short term. They can also reduce rapidly and permanently the households' budget dedicated to energy services. Finally, the financial assessment of measures is positive throughout the period. This result is a solid foundation on which to build the acceptability of mitigation trajectories. Beyond the scenario, the methodological innovation offers the means to increase the involvement of stakeholders in decision-making. Cet article trouve son origine dans un double constat : le déficit d'acceptabilité des politiques climatiques d'une part et le déficit de crédibilité, de légitimité et d'appropriation des scénarios de réduction d'émission de gaz à effet de serre d'autre part. Pour répondre à ces limites, nous avons élaboré, au travers d'une concertation associant une cinquantaine de parties prenantes et une cinquantaine d'experts sectoriels, un processus de co-construction d'un scénario " acceptable " de réduction des émissions de CO2. Les parties prenantes ont sélectionné les politiques et les mesures qu'ils considèrent comme acceptables. Celles-ci ont également contribué largement à la méthodologie d'élaboration du scénario par la définition d'un cahier des charges qui inclut la nécessaire transparence des données, des tests de sensibilité et la nécessité d'expliciter certains types d'impacts économiques et financiers nécessaires à l'évaluation des trajectoires facteur 4. L'ensemble des politiques considérées comme acceptables est intégré dans le modèle technico-économique Imaclim-R France. Cette plateforme de modélisation adaptée au dialogue entre modélisateurs et partie prenantes ou experts, évalue les impacts sociaux, économiques et financiers de politiques climatiques. Cet exercice de co-construction de scénario fondé sur la concertation alimentant les paramètres d'un modèle technico-économique, fournit une preuve méthodologique par l'exemple qu'un tel processus peut être mis en place. Le scénario reposant sur les politiques et mesures que les parties prenantes considèrent comme acceptables permet de réduire de 68% les émissions de CO2 en 2050 par rapport à 1990, résultat proche de l'objectif de Facteur 4 (soit 75%). Les mesures de réduction des émissions, dont la plus emblématique est la taxe carbone, sont bénéfiques pour l'emploi et la croissance économique, sauf à court terme. Elles permettent en outre de réduire rapidement et durablement le budget des ménages dédié aux services énergétiques. Enfin, le bilan financier agrégé des mesures s'avère positif dès le début de la période. Ce résultat constitue un socle solide sur lequel construire l'acceptabilité des trajectoires Facteur 4.
- Published
- 2012
43. Epidémiologie de la FCO
- Author
-
Saegerman, C., Mellor, P., Berkvens, D., Moutou, F., and Gourreau, J. M.
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Serotypes ,Disease transmission ,Outbreaks ,Amplification ,Vectorial competence ,Bluetongue ,Vectorial capacity ,Europe ,Animal diseases ,Economic impact ,Molecular epidemiology ,Viremia ,European Union ,Geographical distribution - Published
- 2009
44. Démarches de qualité et développement territorial : quels apports pour la géographie rurale ? L'exemple des AOC fromagères françaises
- Author
-
Frayssignes, Julien, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)
- Subjects
développement territorial ,coordination ,DEVELOPPEMENT TERRITORIAL ,RURAL POPULATION ,MODELS ,GEOGRAPHY ,AOC ,FRANCE ,GEOGRAPHIE ECONOMIQUE ,POPULATION RURALE ,resource ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,IMPACT SOCIAL ,GEOGRAPHIE ,INDUSTRY ,TERRITOIRE ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,MODELE ,géographie rurale ,ressource ,rural geography ,IMPACT ECONOMIQUE ,RURAL AREAS ,ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ,ancrage territorial ,territorial base ,DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL ,REGISTERED DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN ,TERRITORY ,territorial development ,LABEL DE QUALITE ,qualité ,TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,ZONE RURALE ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,QUALITY LABELS ,INDUSTRIE ,quality ,APPELLATION D'ORIGINE CONTROLEE ,SOCIAL IMPACT - Abstract
A partir des résultats issus d'un travail de thèse en géographie consacré aux AOC fromagères françaises, cet article vise à proposer une approche en partie renouvelée des dynamiques de développement territorial en milieu rural. La demande professionnelle à l'origine de la recherche nous a amené à élaborer un modèle d'analyse faisant appel à des concepts économiques. Fondé sur une réflexion épistémologique originale, ce dialogue disciplinaire permet de revisiter un certain nombre de notions au cœur du processus de développement, parmi lesquelles la ressource et la coordination. Plus largement, notre démarche a vocation à s'inscrire dans le courant de la «géographie de la qualité», composante à part entière de la géographie rurale pour l'analyse des dynamiques agricoles et agroalimentaires. From the results of a PhD in geography devoted to French AOC cheeses (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée), this article aims to propose a partially new approach to the analysis of the processes of territorial development in rural areas. Arising from a demand from producers, this research led us to build an analysis model using economic concepts. Based on original epistemological ideas, various notions at the heart of the development process were reconsidered; these included ‘resource’ and ‘coordination’. More widely, this initiative lies within the field of the ‘geography of quality’, an essential component of rural geography for the analysis of agricultural and agro-food dynamics.
- Published
- 2008
45. Pisciculture marine. Elements de prospective
- Author
-
Gerard, Andre
- Subjects
Marine fish farming ,Economic impact ,Economie ,Pisces ,France ,Recherche Appliquee ,Pisciculture ,Technique Aquacole ,Elevage - Abstract
Introduction: To develop its 2005-2009 strategic plan, IFREMER made two prospective analysis studies in 2003: a thematic prospective analysis and a sectorial prospective analysis. The "aquafarming" sectorial prospective analysis, based primarily on an IFREMER idea, particularly brought to light the difference in nature of problems posed by the future evolution of shellfish farming, fish farming and other stockbreeding (pearl farming and shrimp farming). In addition, the prospective analyses made on an international scale by the FAO (2002, 2004) and the IFPRI (2003) emphasise that the development of aqua farming is the required condition for satisfying world demand of consumer aquatic products, given the foreseeable weak growth, indeed, the stagnation of caught-fish production. Considering the weak development of sea fish farming in France, a country with a long tradition of shellfish farming, it has seemed necessary to deepen the thinking about the prospective analysis devoted to sea fish farming by widening it to include all players interested in this production sector. The goal is to ensure that the strategic plan's objectives, stated in the 2005-2008 four-year contract, define a strategy fully compliant with one of IFREMER's three missions in particular: Contribute to the economic development of the maritime world., Introduction : Pour élaborer son plan stratégique 2005-2009, l'Ifremer a réalisé en 2003 deux exercices de prospective : une prospective thématique, et une prospective sectorielle. La prospective sectorielle « aquaculture », fondée essentiellement sur une réflexion Ifremer, a mis notamment en évidence la différence de nature des problèmes posés par les évolutions futures de la conchyliculture, de la pisciculture et des autres élevages (perliculture et crevetticulture). Par ailleurs, les prospectives réalisées à l'échelle internationale par la FAO (2002, 2004) et l'IFPRI (2003) soulignent que le développement de l'aquaculture est la condition nécessaire de satisfaction de la demande mondiale d'approvisionnement en produits aquatiques de consommation, compte tenu de la prévisible faible croissance, voire stagnation, de la production des pêches de capture. Considérant le faible développement de la pisciculture marine en France, pays de longue tradition conchylicole, il est apparu nécessaire d'approfondir la réflexion prospective consacrée à la pisciculture marine, en l'élargissant à tous les acteurs concernés par ce secteur de production. Le but est de s'assurer que les objectifs du plan stratégique, déclinés dans le contrat quadriennal 2005-2008, définissent une stratégie pleinement conforme à l'une des trois missions de l'Ifremer : contribuer au développement économique du monde maritime.
- Published
- 2006
46. Incidences des épisodes d'efflorescences de micro algues toxiques sur les écosystèmes et sur les pêcheries de coquillages en baie de Douarnenez
- Author
-
Thebaud, Olivier, Veron, Gerard, and Fifas, Spyros
- Subjects
Economic impact ,Impact ,Fishery ,Donax trunculus ,Fermeture temporaire ,Temporary fishing ban ,Wedge clam ,Mortality ,Mortalité ,Pêcherie ,Telline - Abstract
The commercial fishery for wedge clam, or telline (Donax trunculus) in the bay of Douarnenez in France started in the early 1980ies. During twenty years, the activity has developed, from an opportunistic fishery, into a regular fishing enterprise for 36 fishermen, who derive from it most, if not all, of their revenue. The fishery is nowadays strictly regulated. It is subject to natural variations in the productivity of clam stocks, in relation with meteorological conditions which can strongly affect the stocks. The bay of Douarnenez has been experiencing regular blooms of harmful algae, both of species leading to shellfish poisoning for human consumption, such as Dinophysis (Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poisoning) and Pseudo-nitzschia (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning), and of species leading to mortalities of marine animals, such as Karenia mikimotoi. It has been suggested that the occurrence of these blooms can be related to hydrological phenomena, leading to limited exchanges between the bay's waters and the open sea, and to thermal stratification of the water column in summer. The blooms can lead to slowed growth, as well as increased mortality of clams. Toxins accumulated in the clams also create risks for human consumption, which regularly lead to temporary fishing bans in the bay, in application of national and European health safety regulations. The aim of the study is to analyse the consequences of these harmful algal blooms on the wedge clam fishery. The dynamics of the blooms having an impact on the fishery are described. The potential impacts of these blooms on clam biology, as well as their consequences on the economic status of fishermen, are analysed. In particular, the economic impacts of temporary fishing bans are discussed, taking into account their potential consequences on markets, and the adaptation strategies of fishermen The analysis allows identification of further research needs to better evaluate the impacts of harmful algal blooms on the biology and harvesting of clams. Current hypothesis on the determinants of these environmental perturbations, in particular the amplifying role of nutrients of human origin, are also discussed., L'exploitation du donax ou telline (Donax trunculus) en baie de Douarnenez date du début des années 1980. En une vingtaine d'années, cette activité est passée du stade de pêche opportuniste à celui d'une pratique reconnue exercée par 36 pêcheurs professionnels pour qui elle constitue l'unique ou la principale source de revenus. Le métier est aujourd'hui très encadré. La pérennité de l'activité reste cependant tributaire des variations de productivité d'une ressource naturellement fluctuante soumise aux aléas climatiques qui s'exercent sur un gisement découvrant et exposé. Par ailleurs, la baie de Douarnenez est régulièrement l'objet de proliférations de micro algues toxiques pour les consommateurs : Dinophysis (toxines diarrhéiques), Pseudo-nitzschia (toxines amnésiantes). C'est enfin une des régions où les observations de mortalités d'animaux, notamment imputables à l'espèce Karenia mikimotoï ont été les plus nombreuses. Ces phénomènes pourraient être renforcés par les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques qui font de ce secteur géographique une zone semi-confinée présentant de plus une stratification thermique en période estivale . Ces blooms sont susceptibles d'induire des ralentissement de croissance et des mortalités de la telline. La toxicité acquise par les coquillages les rend ainsi impropres à la consommation et conduit l'administration à procéder à des interdictions temporaires de pêche. L'étude présentée s'attache, dans un premier temps, à décrire les phénomènes d'efflorescences toxiques ayant une incidence sur la pêcherie de tellines. Elle évoque les incidences potentielles de ces épisodes sur la biologie de l'espèce et leurs conséquences sur l'économie des exploitations. Elle cherche enfin à évaluer l'impact des périodes de fermeture administrative à travers leur influence sur le marché et sur les stratégies de réponse développées par les entreprises. En conclusion, l'ouvrage évoque les travaux complémentaires qui pourraient être conduits pour mieux évaluer l'impact de ces altérations environnementales sur la biologie de la telline et sur son exploitation. Il propose également quelques hypothèses sur le rôle amplificateur que pourraient jouer les nutriments d'origine anthropique sur les efflorescences de dinoflagellés.
- Published
- 2005
47. Évaluation des conséquences économiques de la gestion des risques sanitaires liés aux proliférations phytoplanctoniques marines
- Author
-
Ami, Dominique and Rochaix, Lise
- Subjects
Algal bloom ,Economic impact ,Phytoplancton ,Phytoplankton bloom ,Pollution monitoring ,Eau cotiere ,Economie ,Surveillance pollution ,Conchyliculture ,Mussel culture ,Coastal water - Abstract
General introduction: The setting up of monitoring networks for coastal water quality of the REPHY type by IFREMER was taken from a public health standpoint and fits broadly in with a principle of precaution regarding eating shellfish meant for human consumption. The benefits to be compared with the costs of managing the REPHY network (estimated at FF7.4 million in 1995) are therefore first and foremost the reduction of the risk of poisoning and can be captured by subtracting the sanitation costs that are associated with them. Evaluating these direct benefits is, however, no easy task. The network leads in fact to the reduction of occurrences of poisoning such that the epidemiological data on which such a calculation should be founded diminishes over time. The presence of the network generates, in addition, indirect benefits in terms of derived use from the consumption of safer products. Nonetheless, consumers not being the explicit recipients of the information produced, it is therefore difficult to measure their approval of paying for increased security and therefore a network that many do not yet know exists. The assessment of the benefits presented in the first part focus, for this reason, on the direct benefits, with an appeal to dose-response functions that came out of international epidemiological data concerning mortality and morbidity linked to poisonings by phycotoxins. However, beyond these direct benefits, the existence of such networks affects many players through the temporary sale restrictions to which they may lead. The intermediate report made it possible to discover these effects in as broad a manner as possible from producers, distributors and tourism professionals, while arguing for finishing in favour of an analysis targeting the players most directly affected, to wit, the producers. For all that, an impact analysis limited to the measurement of sanitary benefits made possible by the network and the costs imposed on producers during sale restrictions would not exhaust the wealth of material of this subject. Just as important, indeed, this network, beyond the guarantee of non-toxicity, produces information on production conditions. This information is essentially intended for regulatory authorities in order for them to make decisions concerning consumer protection. But they lead, beyond that, to a change in the very functioning of the market of the products concerned. The decrease in sanitary risks can thus make possible a greater efficiency in exchanges by reducing the uncertainty attached to the consumption of such products. The guarantee of quality can translate into an increase in sale prices and a development of customer loyalty for the producers. The information produced by such monitoring networks therefore generates behaviour modifications and decisions that have great economic effects that are worth documenting. Measuring the economic impact of setting up such monitoring networks must therefore necessarily incorporate these various elements. The first part will make it possible to assess the direct benefits expected from the reduction of sanitary costs associated with poisoning, the second will make it possible to assess the costs associated with sale restrictions and the changes of operating conditions of the market analysed., Introduction générale : La mise en place de réseaux de surveillance de la qualité des eaux côtières du type REPHY par L'IFREMER relève d'une logique de santé publique et s'inscrit largement dans un principe de précaution à l'égard de la consommation de coquillages destinés à la consommation humaine. Les bénéfices à mettre en regard avec les coûts de gestion du réseau REPHY (estimés à 7,4 millions de FF en 1995) sont donc en priorité la réduction du risque d'intoxication et peuvent êtres appréhendés par l'évitement des coûts sanitaires qui y sont associés. La valorisation de ces bénéfices directs n'est cependant pas chose aisée. Le réseau conduit en effet à la réduction des occurrences d'intoxication de telle sorte que les données épidémiologiques sur lesquelles un tel calcul doit être fondé s'amenuisent au fil du temps. La présence du réseau génère par ailleurs des bénéfices indirects en termes d'utilité dérivée de la consommation de produits plus sûrs. Toutefois, les consommateurs n'étant pas les destinataires explicites de l'information générée, il est alors difficile de mesurer leur consentement à payer pour une sécurité accrue et donc un réseau dont beaucoup ignorent encore l'existence. L'appréciation des bénéfices présentée en première partie se concentre pour cette raison sur les bénéfices directs, avec le recours à des fonctions dose-réponse issues de données épidémiologiques internationales concernant la mortalité et la morbidité liées aux intoxications par phycotoxines. Cependant, au delà de ces bénéfices directs, l'existence de tels réseaux affecte de nombreux acteurs par les interdictions temporaires de vente auxquelles ils peuvent conduire. Le rapport intermédiaire a permis de repérer de manière aussi large que possible ces effets auprès des producteurs, des distributeurs et des professionnels du tourisme, en argumentant pour finir en faveur d'une analyse ciblée sur les acteurs les plus directement touchés, à savoir les producteurs. Pour autant, une analyse d'impact circonscrite à la mesure des bénéfices sanitaires permis par le réseau et des coûts imposés aux producteurs lors d'interdictions de vente ne saurait épuiser la richesse de ce sujet. De manière tout aussi importante en effet, ce réseau, par delà la garantie de non toxicité, génère de l'information sur les conditions de production. Ces informations sont essentiellement destinées aux autorités réglementaires afin qu'elles prennent les décisions concernant la protection des consommateurs. Mais elles conduisent, au delà, à une modification du fonctionnement même du marché des produits concernés. La diminution des risques sanitaires peut ainsi permettre une plus grande efficacité dans les échanges par la réduction de l'incertitude attachée à la consommation de tels produits. La garantie de qualité peut se traduire par une augmentation des prix de vente et une fidélisation de la clientèle pour les producteurs. Les informations générées par de tels réseaux de surveillance engendrent donc des modifications de comportement et des décisions qui ont des effets économiques importants qu'il importe de documenter. La mesure de l'impact économique de la mise en place de tels réseaux de surveillance doit donc nécessairement comporter ces divers éléments. La première partie permettra d'apprécier les bénéfices directs attendus de la réduction des coûts sanitaires liés à l'intoxication, la deuxième d'apprécier les coûts liés à l'interdiction de vente et les modifications des conditions de fonctionnement du marché analysé.
- Published
- 2003
48. Evaluation économique des dommages liés à la contamination microbiologique des eaux côtières Le cas de la conchyliculture
- Author
-
Roncin, Nicolas, Kervarec, Fabienne, and Boncoeur, Fabienne
- Subjects
conchyliculture ,Economic impact ,Developpement economique ,Surveillance ,Monitoring ,Contamination ,Shellfish culture ,SEM ,Controle microbiologique ,Marine pollution ,Mussel culture ,Coastal water - Published
- 2001
49. Impact des informations produites par l'IFREMER sur la qualité des eaux littorales dans la production et la commercialisation des coquillages
- Author
-
Dubuisson-Quellier, Sophie, Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer
- Subjects
Developpement aquaculture ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Oyster ,Marennes Oleron bassin ,qualité ,Controle sanitaire ,Shellfish culture ,Aquaculture ,Marennes Oleron Bay ,Marine pollution ,Qualite eau ,Conchyliculture ,Mussel culture ,Coastal water ,conchyliculture ,Water quality ,Economic impact ,coquillage ,littoral ,eau ,SEM ,Crassostrea gigas ,Economie ,Ostreiculture - Abstract
Les informations produites par les réseaux de surveillance, REMI et REPHY, en phase de routine comme en phase d'alerte permettent aux administrations de prendre des décisions qui vont avoir un impact important sur les activités de production et de commercialisation des professionnels de la conchyliculture. Ceux-ci peuvent d'ailleurs avoir accès plus directement à ces informations, par le biais de leurs instances de représentations professionnelles qui ont des liens plus ou moins forts selon les régions avec les laboratoires côtiers, même si M. Morel note à propos du REMI que « si le service rendu à l'administration (DDAM) est satisfaisant, l'information est encore trop irrégulière vers les partenaires privés et les organismes intéressés ». Mais cela est également lié au fait que l'IFREMER ne produit pas directement 12 des décisions, mais des données permettant aux administrations de décider ou non des conditions de mise en marché. La question qui se pose alors est celle des impacts que peuvent avoir les dispositifs de mesure de la qualité de l'eau du littoral développés par l'IFREMER sur la production et la commercialisation des coquillages, notamment à partir du moment où les données produites entrent dans un processus décisionnel réglementant les activités productives et marchandes de ce secteur économique. [extrait p. 12-13]
- Published
- 2001
50. Réalité économique et perception sociale du tourisme en milieu rural fragile. Analyse à travers l'exemple de trois territoires pyrénéens
- Author
-
Pascal Desmichel
- Subjects
ruralité ,Tourisme ,entreprise ,hébergements ,perception ,adhésion ,Pyrénées ,Geography, Planning and Development ,economic impact ,tourism ,Pyrenees ,ruralism ,accommodation ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Economie realities and the social perception of tourism in a fragile rural environment. An analysis based on the example of three areas in the Pyrenees. The results obtained by the touristic sector to date leave little hope with respect to using tourism as a possible way of relaunching the economy or curing the main problems of the fragile rural areas of the Pyrenees, even though it has often been promoted in this light. Indeed, both the official figures and data collected during our survey tend to indicate, on the one hand, that tourist activity is, at best, stable and is even exhibiting some disquieting signs, and, on the other, that the economic benefits often only serve to temporarily maintain a moribund, small-scale commercial activity. However, the rural population itself does not seem particularly moved by its fate. It too seems for the most part ready to adopt the « touristic solution». However, rather than comparing the views of those for and those against tourism, which is generally done in a simplistic manner, it seems to us to be both more relevant and productive to reflect on what it really means to «adopt» tourism, a solution which can sometimes be positive, and sometimes negative, for the future of ruralism., Resume : Les résultats du secteur touristique ne laissent aucun espoir quant à une éventuelle relance de l'économie et à une « guérison » des principaux maux des régions rurales pyrénéennes par la voie du tourisme pourtant si souvent promue. En effet, tant les chiffres officiels que les données recueillies dans le cadre de notre enquête tendent à prouver que, d'une part, l'activité touristique est tout au mieux stable et présente même des symptômes inquiétants, et, d'autre part, que les retombées ne servent souvent qu'à maintenir provisoirement un secteur artisanal et commercial moribond. Pourtant la société rurale elle-même ne semble pas particulièrement émue par le sort qui lui est attribué. Elle adhère -elle aussi- largement à la «solution touristique». Mais plutôt que d'opposer selon un schéma simpliste —comme c'est presque toujours le cas— ceux qui prétendent être pour ou contre le tourisme, il nous semble nettement plus pertinent et préférable de réfléchir aux significations de l'adhésion, celle- ci pouvant s'avérer tantôt positive tantôt négative pour l'avenir de la ruralité., Desmichel Pascal. Réalité économique et perception sociale du tourisme en milieu rural fragile. Analyse à travers l'exemple de trois territoires pyrénéens. In: Revue de géographie alpine, tome 88, n°3, 2000. pp. 51-63.
- Published
- 2000
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