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After 9/11, the academic study of terrorism flourished as more government resources were focused on counterterrorism efforts. As the focus slowly shifted towards P/CVE or Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, more and more articles lauded the potential benefits of including Formers. The idea behind that was that experience equals expertise. Formers have been valuable data sources as research participants. However, the current trend has seen Formers leave that role and take on far more complicated and sophisticated roles, such as deradicalization experts, claiming to help people leave extremism. This policy paper focuses on the evidence, specifically the lack of evidence, to support the prevailing assumptions regarding the effectiveness of Formers and dissects the ethical issues arising from their involvement in P/CVE. The paper ends with policy recommendations to shift P/CVE activities and research toward a more empirically-grounded model. Since P/CVE initiatives involve a variety of actors, from academic researchers to the media to practitioners, this paper is not aimed at one field or profession. Rather, it is intended for everyone involved in P/CVE-related activities, including research.

Abstract not available.

This article examines the process of including people deemed to have intellectual disabilities in the dissemination of knowledge through academic journals. It takes a self-ethnographic look at the experience of two researchers co-writing a scientific paper with two individuals deemed to have intellectual disabilities. After presenting current knowledge on research participation with a focus on issues of knowledge and power-sharing with people deemed to have intellectual disabilities, the authors explore the stages of writing, dissemination, and authorship in inclusive research practices.

A discussion of the role of government in supporting the relationship between business and higher education focuses on academic research and the economic and industrial value placed on it. The actual support provided by the private sector, roles of the three players, and major issues in the debate are examined. (MSE)

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Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article the author reflects upon the impact of rising demand for publishing scientific research materials on the quality of research. The author discusses the ever increasing race for publishing in the field of scientific research, which is being influenced by various complex changes like globalization and states that scientists are being judged by the number of publications they produce. The author also discusses the rising trend of author number and multiple-author papers.

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the research and training experiences with an intercultural perspective, developed in the Movimento di Cooperazione Educativa (MCE). Firstly, the Gruppo Nazionale di Antropologia Culturale (GNAC), born in the 70s, was committed to deconstruct the ethnocentric frames in which scholastic knowledge, especially in the didactics of history, was built in the educational contexts. Secondly, the Scuola Interculturale di Formazione (SIF), which arose in the second half of the 90s, claims a specific intercultural training in light of more and more heterogeneous and complex school contexts and new professional training needs. The paper presents some evidence collected by using both bibliographic sources and oral histories, to improve and spread a reflective, democratic and cooperative perspective in multicultural educational contexts.

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article is to analyse trends in the field of digital management of graphic archives in the context of the rapidly changing information environment, to consider issues of data security and accessibility. To raise the issue of popularising the study of the bookplate as an independent genre in the fine arts and as a historical document that attests to the era, events and people. The history of ex-libris goes back to ancient times, with the appearance of the text and its first owner. This history is multifaceted, diverse and touches on various aspects of the worldwide development of human culture. The development of bookplate collecting and the study of bookplates dates back to the Middle Ages, from which time we can trace the history of the transformation of the bookplate from a bookmark with a protective function to an independent art object and collector’s item. This paper examines several modern methods of organising and preserving an ex-libris collection, providing an overview of the key technologies involved in these processes, drawing on contemporary and historical research. The research results are primarily intended for use in the collections of the Pushkin Museum in Chișinău and are based on the largest ex-libris collection in the country, which includes over 15,000 items. The collection needs to be described, systematised and assigned in order to prepare it for further research and exhibitions.

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to present the factors that determine the economic growth nowadays, in the globalization era. From geography and climate to innovation and training, these factors diversified depending on the evolution of the economy and economic thought. Because of enhanced mobility as a result of globalization, some of them have lost their importance, others have become fundamental. During the last two decades, hundreds of empirical studies have tried to identify the determinant factors of economic growth. Many researchers have tried to explain economic growth based on changes in these factors, but the results leave room for future analysis.

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper fits into the area of research over educational contexts of popular culture, which is a voice in a discussion focused on possible ways of “using” rock lyrics in formal education, on critical education through rock narratives, on a category of co(being). This paper is intended to familiarize with research on educational contexts brought by rock narratives also about involving a Recipient in the discussion on the presented issues.

This paper explores the opportunities of a semiologic model in reading the complex manifestations of humanities and social sciences research ethics, by interpreting the 'research situation' of the intertwined basic factors implied in such an activity. We focus on a peculiar interpretation by dividing, which leads to typologies of research factors in six of six classes at each level, engaging as many types of ethics. The analysis reveals, finally, 36 compartments for each level, and also as many registers of ethics' manifestation. We approach the topic of research ethics considering by priority the meaning of ethics as moral philosophy; consequently, relating it to philosophy as way of life and no less to education as a determinant of developing the ethical conduct of human being in various social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Institute for Critical Animal Studies, founded in 2001 by American scholars Steve Best and Anthony J. Nocella II aims to “provide a space for the development of a critical approach to animal studies, one which perceives that relations between human and nonhuman animals are now at a point of crisis which implicates the planet as a whole” (Best, Nocella, Kahn, Gigliotti, Kemmerer). Focusing on the critical animal studies approach which explicitly aims to link theory and practice, this paper will explore and discuss the normative values and responsibility of scholars in this field at a point in time when the human world is shaken by a global zoonotic pandemic, when the exploitation of billions of nonhuman animals goes on unchecked, and human activity is the main driver of a global climate crisis. Does the threat posed by the inappropriate interaction between human and nonhuman animals to human health, animal welfare and global warming make any difference to role of academics? What about the sometimes inflammatory criticism they are subjected to if they embrace a normative viewpoint? In times of emergency, do scholars have increased responsibility? Or should the line that separates academia from advocacy never be crossed? Here are some of the questions that this paper will broach. It will focus on the interplay between academic work and normativity rather than on the relationship between academia and political power.

Human resource is currently the most valuable wealth of a nation and carries with it the most important principle of development; it is about innovation, without which competitiveness is unthinkable. Romania is part of the “catching–up” group of countries in innovation. In order to assume new responsibilities and to prepare for the competition with other European countries and not only, manyreforms and changes is necessary. Assuming these premises, in this paper, our intention is to analyze the situation of innovation at EUlevel and to see at what chapters our authorities must to work harder to equalize the other states from the Western European states. This thing is absolutely necessary because, now, when our country makes part from EU, it needs to invest in human resources through better education, skills and support.

Copyright of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche is the property of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the modern methods and techniques in the philological research. Scientific research involves not only an individual activity, based on the information and data collection or the formulation of some innovative theses. It also involves communicating the results to a differentiated audience. One should find a purpose for the data collected: it should be taken over by their recipients in an accessible form. In other words, there must be a balance between the content of a research on the one hand, and the shape of the wording on the other. Being familiar with the steps to make in a research endeavour, and observing the rules developed to complete the research in the form of a scientific paper, are both secret ingredients of a successful endeavour. Scientific research involves, besides specialized knowledge, the mastery of appropriate working techniques. To be considered a scientific paper, a text must meet two fundamental prerequisites, namely: to bring something new and/ or to be useful. Between these extremely general boundaries, the scientific works take a wide variety of shapes, using a combination of several classification criteria. Depending on the fundamental approaching method, one may distinguishes the analytical method from the synthetic method. Size of the text is rather a more practical classification criterion than a scientific one. It influences the structure of the paper work only to a certain point. The modality of conveying the research paper influences the structure of the text only in the case of written - oral communication conflict. The paper presents in the end aspects about references, word processing typing and plagiarism.

While playfulness is important to graduate writing to shift students into new ways of thinking about their research, a key obstacle to having fun is writing anxiety. Writing is emotional, and despite a growing field of research that attests to this, emotions are often not explicitly recognized as part of the graduate student writing journey. Many students experience writing anxiety, particularly when receiving feedback on dissertations or papers for publication. Feedback on writing-in-progress is crucial to meeting disciplinary expectations and developing a scholarly identity for the writer. Yet many students are unable to cope with the emotions generated by criticism of their writing. This paper presents pedagogical strategies—free-writing, negotiating negative internal dialogue, and using objects to externalize feelings—to help students navigate their emotions, while recognizing the broader discursive context within which graduate writing takes place. Reflections on the pedagogical strategies from nineteen Masters and PhD students attending a course, Graduate Research Writing, were used to illustrate student experiences over the semester. The pedagogical strategies helped students to recognize their emotions, to make decisions about their emotional reactions and to develop agency in the way they responded to critical feedback. By acknowledging the emotional nature of writing, students are more open to creativity, originality, and imagination.

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2005, the National Observatory for Training, Research and Innovation on Disability (ONFRIH) was established by French law (Law 2005-102). The mission of ONFRIH is to provide an overview and recommendations for research, training and prevention in the field of disability. In this paper, the authors, respectively the Chairman and Rapporteur of the ONFRIH Working Group "Research and Innovation", present the Observatory's conclusions reached in its 2009 report about engineering sciences research and innovation. After introducing the ONFRIH and recalling the stakes and working methods, they highlight the current state of French research in this area and their thoughts about innovation chain. They evoke the broad outlines of their working group's analysis of this inventory. They conclude by identifying four action plans that express the Observatory's recommendations and were submitted to the responsible ministers. The four main objectives proposed are: (1) to consolidate disability as a major challenge for engineering sciences applications; (2) to reinforce the cooperation between operators at all levels of research and innovation; (3) to encourage the expression of needs within the research and innovation process, and (4) to facilitate the access of disabled people to technological innovations that promote their autonomy and social inclusion., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Research is essential in all areas of health development. However, medical students and residents frequently lack the time and training on performing research. This is especially prevalent in resource-limited settings. We aimed to compare the word counts of undergraduate and postgraduate dissertations with published projects in Rwanda, and to identify the proportion of postgraduate pediatric research projects that have been published since 2012. METHODS: retrospective, cross-sectional study of undergraduate and postgraduate research dissertations at the University of Rwanda. Dissertations were then compared to randomly selected published papers of Rwandan research. Each IMRaD (Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion) section word count was compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS: 19/190 (10%) undergraduate dissertations and 22/41 (54%) postgraduate dissertations, were available in electronic format for word-count analysis. The mean total word count for postgraduate dissertations (5163 words) was significantly longer (p=0.001) than the randomly selected peer-reviewed journal articles (2959 words). Each section of the IMRaD structure of postgraduate dissertations was significantly longer than those of the control group. Undergraduates used a similar number of words to published papers, but used significantly more tables and figures. Of the 41 postgraduate dissertations, only four (10%), were published in peer-reviewed journals. CONCLUSION: this is the first study to assess the writing style of Rwandan medical students and pediatric postgraduate residents. A simple step to increase dissemination of research findings would be for institutions to modify academic regulations so that students write-up in manuscript form rather than dissertation format.

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses how the concept of sustainable development interacts with scientific disciplines. First it confronts the characteristics of academic research dealing with sustainable development to the criteria formulated by T. Kuhn for disciplines, paradigms and scientific revolutions. In this framework, sustainable development does not appear as an overarching paradigm. It is interpreted differently within several disciplines, and can modify their subjects and methods of research. In the second part of the paper, more recent theory about scientific disciplines is introduced, underlining the importance of interactions with spheres external to scientific communities. The paper suggests that a major feature of sustainable development research - that has more to deal with methods than with the subjects studied - would be to deliberately assume the interactions of science, society and policy, and to deal with their consequences. We conclude with some implications of these analyses for teaching sustainable development in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerning the book by R. Arnzen Abū l-'Abbās an-Nayrīzīs Exzerpte aus (Ps.-?) Simplicius' Kommentar zu den Definitionen, Postulaten und Axiomen in Euclids Elementa I, the present paper offers a survey of the way the late Neoplatonists used to conceive and compose their commentaries. Far from trying to be original, each commentary is largely based on the works of predecessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Education et Socialisation is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this paper is to present the importance of the clusters and innovation for the entrepreneurship in the zone of the Danube. It is important to underline these aspects in order to point out that the engine of developing in this area could be the clusters and their corollaries. These concepts, together with the research or experiences in this field are rather new, or better said young, and our study tries to add something to it. In this line, in order to capture the evidence we used survey and observation. The key results from this research try to emphasize the importance of the clusters both for innovation and for entrepreneurship, and their consequences upon the economical development. The implications of this paper could be as for the researchers, academics and also for the entrepreneurs. As for the key contribution of it is about the comparative approach of this matter in order to result the importance and the necessity of the topic. And this might be its added value that it is thoroughly researched.

This paper calls into question the central tenets of the Dancer-Researcher-Performer (BPI) method taught at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil. The analysis problematizes the underlying assumption that students lack an awareness of their own Brazilianness, which they must find through BPI, and questions a choreographic methodology where students are coached to be possessed by the dance. The paper draws attention to the power imbalances inherent in BPI’s co-habitation experience, where students research marginal others who are understood as the source of authentic Brazilian culture. The paper invites BPI students and teachers to reconsider the ethics of this research methodology, and to consider the possibility of choreographic research that engages both mind and body critically and consciously.

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Which virtues and vices 19th century Brazilian public opinion used to evaluate legal books and scholars? The paper analyzed the texts published in Brazilian newspapers commenting on books of public law, which are called “evaluation literature”, to answer this question. Major virtues were: utility, clarity, method, moderation; minor ones were: originality, experience, abnegation etc. This chart of values can be derived from the objectives of Brazilian legal scholarship of the time: not an academic discipline defined by research, but a technical discourse aimed at professional instruction and public intervention.

This paper presents the factors that influence the online marketing strategies of software vendors from Braşov County. An analysis of the software retailers’ attitudes from Braşov regarding online marketing and advertising was made. A survey among vendors from Braşov was undertaken and the results of this research show an orientation of lesser extent to online sales and marketing of the retailers’ activity. 20 responses were collected from software companies which trade software products and services in Braşov County. The results are very important for the companies that sell software products and services not only on the local market but also at national level. The paper presents the main reasons why software retailers from Braşov County, which is one of the most developed software markets in the country, have a lesser orientation towards online selling of software products and services. More than 400 companies involved in the software domain operate in Braşov City only. Research questions regarding the effects of the present economic situation, the online marketing strategies used in the software industry, and details about the online activity of each company where part of this research.

The evolution of the European policy in the field of research, development, innovation reflects the maturity process of the European construction, through the very understanding of the particular role of knowledge in economy. An important aspect is the connection with the acknowledgment of the professional’s diplomas, which is based on the principle of automatism, on the mutual trust of the Member States in the qualifications obtained within the territory of any of them, on the tradition regarding the existence of a democratic and elitist education system. The improvement of the quality of education and the avoidance of sideslips are required. For the existence of a functional Euro-market in the field of research, development,innovation the differences between the European Union Member States have to be reduced, before attempting to catch up with the United States of America, Japan or China. Because knowledge is the inexhaustible resource of mankind in general, of the European Union, in particular, we should talk about a Union of Research, as we talk about the Monetary Union, for example. The strategy of economic growth in Romania was based on encouraging the consumers to spend money, but they didn’t consider a coherent policy based on innovations.

The objective of this study is to map the international networks of research, circulation, and scientific communication in the history of education, at a global level. In order to do so, we analyse the activity of the International Standing Conference for the History of Education (ISCHE). The focus is placed on the following: the make-up and organisation of the community of education historians; the arenas set up to encourage collaboration, debate and consensus in research in the field; collaboration among researchers, and the influence of transnational perspectives; avenues of research and areas of focus; and the communication channels by which ideas and findings are published and exchanged. The documentary sources used are the minutes of ISCHE annual congresses and general assemblies, alongside other research and previous studies. The main variables are: the language in which papers are published; the countries from which the authors come; international collaboration among authors; the historical period analysed; and the country or region being studied. After examining over 3600 contributions, we conclude that, globally, the international network in history of education is in good health, and there is an appetite for research with an international focus. However, there is room for improvement by promoting more extensive international collaboration among researchers, expanding the scope of research to take a supranational or even global view, and extending the study of the history of education to pre-modern times.

This paper ranks within the field of marketing research, being primarily aimed at identifying differences between the attitude of Romanian tourists as compared to that of foreign tourists with respect to hotel room arrangement - in which they were housed during their staying – respectively the assessment of culinary preparations of the location (the restaurant) where they most often served meals. This paper also presents those aspects they were satisfied with, they are not satisfied with and that the respondents would change or improve in the Centre Development Region. The quantitative marketing research took place in the Centre Development Region between 15.05.2009-17.10.2009. A total of 410 questionnaires have been included in this marketing research.

This paper reports the results of a national survey of Canadian research university librarians conducted by the author in 2006. The study deals with the motivation of librarians to engage in scholarly activities, the requirement for scholarship by librarians at Canadian research universities, the perceived importance of scholarship as a criterion for promotion and tenure, levels and forms of participation in scholarship, and librarians’ assessment of various types of support for scholarship. The study concluded that 13% of the sample population could be considered active scholars, and suggests that there may be a correlation between level of scholarly intensity and gender. The paper concludes with questions for further study.

Este artículo pretende ser una aproximación a la investigación sobre el turismo que los sociólogos y sociólogas publican en España. Se trata de explorar los intereses de la sociología del turismo a partir de varias fuentes de información y para el periodo 2004-2014. En primer lugar, un análisis de nuestra participación en los grupos de investigación que se dedican al estudio del turismo a partir de la base de datos del Sistema de Información Científica del Turismo. En segundo lugar, se revisa la producción de artículos científicos publicados en las revistas incluidas en las principales bases de datos científicas. Por último, se identifican los temas de interés de los trabajos presentados en los congresos de la Federación Española de Sociología. La interpretación del panorama que resulta queda abierta en forma de propuestas de investigación. English What is the sociology of tourism devoted to in Spain? This paper is an approach to the research that the sociologists publish on tourism in Spain. Our aim is to explore the interests of the Sociology of Tourism from several sources for the period 2004-2014. First, we analyse the participation in research groups devoted to the study of tourism from the Scientific Information System of Tourism database. Second, the production of scientific articles published in journals included in major scientific databases is reviewed. Finally, issues of interest in the papers presented at the Spanish Federation of Sociology conferences are identified. The interpretation of this panorama is open as future research proposals.

In the context of the growing demand for energy from renewable resources, there has been a lot of interest in the use of systems that use solar energy. The basic principles for determining the performance of solar panels have been established since the 1980s, but the accuracy of these determinations has improved over the years. This paper presents the evolution of estimation methods of solar thermal systems in Romania in recent years and shows the qualitative evolution of these estimates, with obtained values much closer to reality.

This paper aims to analyze the ways of exchange and dissemination of knowledge, by observing the power relations relied, in our particular field, on criteria of scientificity that often conceal competition and divergences in political positioning. In response to this project, we wished to propose a kind of (more) horizontal situation about neutrality/engagement and engagement/scientificity in geography. Beyond the content of the topics and issues raised by the corpus, our approach proposes to change our practices of scientific communication in order to avoid the consequences of pyramidal presentations. The workshop allows us to question these consequences and to identify their implications in terms of the production of power relations and to point out the limits of top-down communications.

Forests and forestry play important roles in Austria with its close to 50/ forest cover. This paper provides details about the Austrian forest carbon inventory, discusses briefly the sources and sinks accounted under the land use, land use change and forestry articles of the Kyoto Protocol, and presents an integrated carbon model (Austrian C-Balance Model) that was developed to include not only the forest sector, but other sectors that are greenhouse-gas relevant. Improvements in forest management practices are seen as important possibilities of increasing the carbon sink strength of Austrian forests, but also of pursuing other goals such as increased biodiversity and resistance to future climate-change impacts. This paper presents a process model and a carbon accounting model that are applicable for evaluating carbon impacts of changes in forest management.