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International audience; OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to identify the output of French university hospitals in the Web of Science database and to perform a comparative bibliometric analysis to characterize their position in the national biomedical research landscape.METHODS: The first stage consisted in creating the unified "Organization-Enhanced" records in the Web of Science for 32 university hospitals, in order to ensure the reliable aggregated data. The research output of university hospitals and organizations members of the French National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health (Aviesan) are analyzed using bibliometric indicators, including the number of publications, category normalized citation impact, top one percent and top 10 percent of the most cited papers, international collaboration rate.RESULTS: In terms of publication output, university hospitals rank 3rd in France, after universities and CNRS. They contribute to about 17 % of the total national production and to 2.5 % of the European publications (EU28). Over the 10 years period, the impact of the papers produced by university hospitals grows faster than volume. Visibility and impact comply with the university hospitals' core assignments: teaching, research and knowledge transfer.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides objective data showing a leading position of the university hospitals among the biomedical research organizations in France, playing a major role in patient-based research.

In 1832, just after his arrival in Neuchâtel, Agassiz with a few young naturalists, founded the local Society of Natural Sciences (SNSN) who shortly after started publishing Memoirs and later Bulletins (both series still exist). In them, geology, especially that of the Jura, occupies a prominent place, with the publication of local geological maps and many notes on structure, stratigraphy, water resources, karst morphology and glacial deposits. On glacial deposits, rather few papers were signed by Agassiz unlike du Pasquier who studied the extension of the last glaciation in the Jura, analysed the glacial lake of the Valde- Travers and the successive glacial periods that affected the region. He also played an active part in the protection of erratic blocks. Henri Ladame associated climate changes with astronomic perturbations, and despite his relations with Agassiz, he made no reference that they could produce the ice age ; instead he proposed that they are responsible for the formation of mountain ranges. In the very active field of structural geology, Gressly proved that, with sound mapping, it is possible to forecast, to a good approximation, the internal structure of the Jura folds. In his many notes, Schardt showed that the folded Jura cover is strongly affected by faults (wrench and thrust faults). Chronic shortage of water motivated early investigations to understand water behaviour in the Jurassic limestones. The relation between shallow holes and karstic springs has been confirmed, the speed of the water flow estimated, the impermeable role of the different marl formations appreciated. With time, the particularity of the flow rate of the karstic springs and their chemistry have been related to the very heterogeneous permeability of the folded limestone (high permeability of relatively rare channels and low permeability of the tight but very frequent small fissures). Quantification of chemical dissolution of limestone and erosion during heavy rain have been presented, whereas aeolian deposits related to glacial periods observed in the Jura mountains., Fondée en 1832 par Agassiz et ses compagnons, la Société des Sciences naturelles de Neuchâtel (SNSN) édite depuis cette date des Mémoires et des Bulletins, deux séries encore vivantes de nos jours. La géologie, essentiellement consacrée au Jura, y occupe une place de choix surtout à l'époque où Schardt y publie de nombreuses notes régionales (morphologiques, stratigraphiques, hydrologiques mais surtout structurales). À ce niveau, il montre la fréquence des décrochements et charriages dans la couverture plissée, un domaine où Gressly avait montré qu'il était possible de prévoir avec une bonne approximation la structure interne des plis. Au niveau des dépôts glaciaires, les articles de Léon du Pasquier (lac glaciaire du Val-de-Travers, moraine latérale du glacier du Rhône, indices des glaciations antérieures, protections des blocs erratiques) représentent des contributions particulièrement innovantes. Les recherches en hydrologie, motivées par un manque d'eau chronique, font état de la complexité des écoulements des nappes calcaires du Jurassique supérieur retenues par l'importante série marneuse de l'Argovien. Les particularités du débit des sources karstiques et de leur chimie sont mises en relation avec les effets de la grande hétérogénéité de la perméabilité des calcaires plissés (grande perméabilité de rares chenaux et faible perméabilité liée aux fines fractures omniprésentes). En morphologie, les effets de la dissolution des calcaires sont comparés à l'ablation fluviatile provoquée par de très fortes précipitations ; les apports éoliens durant les périodes glaciaires sont mis en évidence.

Depuis 1983, suite au dévoilement des politiques du gouvernement québécois en matière de planification régionale, l'Outaouais a connu une réorganisation de sa structure régionale de développement socio-économique et d'aménagement du territoire. Dans le cadre de ces changements, il y a eu une production considérable de documents de planification et de définitions des directions du développement. Plusieurs des organismes publics impliqués ont ainsi accordé une certaine importance à la recherche appliquée mais celle-ci demeure mal connue des milieux universitaires. Cette note est un aperçu bibliographique des activités de recherche des principaux organismes régionaux de planification et de développement., Since 1983, following the disclosure of the Québec governement's policies regarding regional planning, the Outaouais region has undergone a reorganization of its socio-economic development and regional planning structure. In the course of these modifications, a great number of documents were produced on the objectives and strategies of development. This research remains relatively unknown to academies. This paper provides a bibliographical outline of the research activities of the main agencies of regional planning and development concerned.