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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the cultural policy design strategy. In his study the author establishes the relationship between a recent example of action research realized in a major Quebec City and its epistemological, theoretical and methodological grounding in qualitative research. This study, which was carried out by the University of Quebec, in partnership with the Arts and Culture Division of the City of Longueuil from 1999 to 2001 will provide a breakdown of the complexity of an action research project, while underlining the necessary contribution of a constructivist research design, of participatory action research, of soft systems methodology and of the mechanics of knowledge transfer, all of which were part of the research strategy. In the present paper we propose a model for the analysis and planning of a cultural system constructed with these various strategies in mind. We also discuss a cultural policy design strategy and the instruments needed in order to obtained the desired results. This article is intended for university researchers and municipal stakeholders in the cultural domains and attempts to emphasize the relevancy of action research for those who work professionally in or with the cultural milieu.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines, both in the Poema de Alfonso Onceno and in the Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI, the role of Alfonso as exemplary king in the internal pacification process in Castile, in the narrative which extends from the chaotic times of Alfonso's minority until the orderliness of his adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reversibility of linings of paintings on canvas is a perennial problem for conservators of the support. In this study, the author investigates the adhesive properties of a series of glues based on Plextol B 500 and Tylose MH 300. The methods chosen are based on the tests for peel and shear defined by ASTM and AFNOR standards. After defining the ideal requirements for adhesion, the introduction attempts to quantify the amount of glue strictly necessary, using a mixture of 20% Plextol B 500 and 80% Tylose, and to identify the various types of rupture. Next, the influence of the proportion of the constituents in the mixture on peel and shear strength is investigated. In the peel test, for a polyester canvas glued to a linen canvas using the series of adheSiVes based on Plextol and Tylose, an increase in the percentage of Plextol gives both greater compatibility with the polyester and better reversibility. On the other hand, only a small quantiy of Plextol ts required to provide maximum adhesiveness. The last part of the study deals with the adhensive properties of the various materials used for lining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current methods in cellular and molecular biology (light microscopy, electron microscopy, DNA amplification) have been applied to the study of the proteinaceous substrate of organic metal threads in mediaeval textiles (eleventh-fifteenth centuries). The aim was to identify the organs and animal species used. Leather can be distinguished from gut, based on histological observations. At the ultrastructural level, some components of the connective tissue (fibroblasts, collagen) are remarkably well preserved, as are the smooth muscle cells. The organization of these structures seems to indicate that the membrane strips are taken from the intestine. The identification of the species involved (bovine, sheep, goat, pig) by the use of molecular biology is still hampered by a number of technical difficulties related to the extent of fragmentation of the DNA molecules. The results identify molecules belonging to two different animal species. Besides the DNA from the organic substrate, the presence of another endogenic DNA, deriving from materials used in the production of the gold covering, animal glue or fat, is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment to stabilize aluminium alloys deriving from submerged aeronautic remains by cathodic polarization in sodium citrate solution extends to the associated composite systems comprising iron alloys. Due to galvanic corrosion, the steel is covered with a thin layer of corrosion which must be eliminated without damaging the aluminium alloys in contact with it. It is therefore proposed to add to the usual treatment by chemical and electrolytic methods a new corrosion-removal step for the ferrous parts, using a corrosion-inhibiting solution for aluminium alloys. The conditions for treatment--solution concentration, cathodic potential applied, the need for good agitation--are described in the ease of a BMW 801 D2 engine from Focke-Wulf 190 plane which was submerged for 45 years in the river Le Loiret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Review of Sociology (Series 1) 1954-1985 is the property of Carfax Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In their respective works,Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana(Mexico 1555, 1571) andHistoria de las cosas de la Nueva España, Fray Alonso de Molina (†1585) and Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (c. 1499–1590) include references to the idiosyncratic metaphorical uses of Nahuatl. The fact that these two authors highlight this feature when translating from Nahuatl to Spanish constitutes an innovation in the history of linguistic ideas. In this article, I describe the references to metaphorical language in the works of these two authors on the basis of the textual typology that these writings exemplify, and in light of the Renaissance tradition in which they take part. To emphasis their historical context, I examine contemporary Hispanic-Amerindian vocabularies written by other missionaries as well as other works of Spanish lexicography that belong to the Hispanic textual tradition. Fray Alonso de Molina (†1585) en suVocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana(México 1555, 1571) y fray Bernardino de Sahagún (c. 1499–1590) en suHistoria de las cosas de la Nueva Españahicieron referencias a los usos metafóricos idiosincrásicos del náhuatl. El hecho de que estos autores distinguieran este rasgo al traducir del náhuatl al castellano constituye una innovación para la historia de las ideas lingüísticas. En este trabajo se describen las referencias al lenguaje metafórico en la obra de estos autores en función de la distinta tipología textual que presentan sus obras y a la luz de la tradición renacentista en la que estas se sitúan. Para su contextualización histórica, se examinan los vocabularios hispano-amerindios contemporáneos escritos por otros misioneros, así como algunos textos españoles de género lexicográfico pertenecientes a la tradición textual hispánica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hispanic Research Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hispanic Research Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The images of parliamentary life in the Portuguese and other Parliaments to be found from the last quarter of the nineteenth century are the product of a number of changes which can only be identified by examining the period several decades earlier and by considering politics as an entity, seeking to identify intellectual change and the evidence from the images themselves. At the core of this discussion is the work of Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. The image is a curious object offered to the viewer and its ambivalent nature arises from the diversity of reactions to it. Conceived of as a ‘document’ as defined by scholars, and even as a useful source, an image can help us to achieve our research objectives and to add to knowledge. All historians are capable of interrogating images, just as they interrogate texts or archaeological remains. The image can enrich narrative and discussion. Of all images, the caricature stands out for its range of values. If it derides its subjects, it also brings out their psychological reality. A printed drawing does more than praise or exalt. It can be, as is often the case, a weapon in an ideological war. We teach with and through images, through laughter, criticism and satire. Here is the everyday life of the Parliament, transposed by an image – the caricature – in metaphoric, anthropomorphic, symbolic and objective terms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Most studies on Spanish female playwrights of the Golden Age have not taken into account how their use of some of the most recognizable and conventional rhetorical devices of the Golden Age Theatre help them put their own authorial stamp on the plays from a feminine perspective. This essay focuses on the particular use of the gracioso character in Ana Caro's two extant comedias (Gaulín from El Conde Partinuplés, and Tomillo and Ribete from Valor, agravio y mujer) to analyse the way in which these figuras del donaire - usually misogynists and censors - create a subtle and paradoxical strategy to defend female writing. Rather than as an opposition, Caro establishes with her gracioso characters an identity that subtly emphasizes differences, and makes the gracioso highlight the feminine nature of the author and strengthen her public image and fame as a playwright. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'analyse de la correspondance, des testaments, des inventaires, des livres de comptes et d'autres documents de deux famille aristocratiques siennoises (les Sergardi et les Buonsignori), de trois familles romaines (les Pamphilj, les Borghese et les Maidalchini) et d'une autre «a mi-chemin» entre Rome et Sienne (les Chigi) a montre que la maison familiale, transmise du pere a l'aine souvent n'etait pas au XVII et au XVIII siecle l'espace pour batir une relation solidaire entre freres ou entre sœurs. A l'interieur du meme palais vivre en famille signifiait creer des divisions des pieces entre freres et batir des espaces distincts qui pouvaient se configurer comme de veritables galaxies paralleles. Le cas de rapports entre freres presentes dans cet article semble suggerer que les colleges et les monasteres etaient des espaces ou l'on cultivait une veritable experience de la fraternite et de la «sororite» ou du moins une experience plus similaire a notre sensibilite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet-nursing is a very old practice. In Spain, during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it was mainly characteristic of nobility and administrative or intellectual elites, but tended to spread throughout society. Moralists, clergymen and medical writers tried to fight against wet-nursing and to convince 'bad mothers' to breastfeed their babies instead of leaving them to poor wet nurses who lived in the countryside and had a very bad influence on children. Indeed, it has been commonly admitted, since Aristotle and Pliny, that milk transmits qualities and vices, and that wet nurses can corrupt the future morality and habits of the babies they feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the effects of World War I on Italian politics during 1914-26. In the postwar period, the republican government was handicapped by the experiences of both its members and the Italian public in attempting to secure Italian interests and oppose the emerging force of Fascism.