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Copyright of European Review of History is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paedagogica Historica is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Au terme desProlégomènes(1900), Husserl formule son idée de la logique pure en la structurant sur deux niveaux: l'un, supérieur, de la logique formelle fondé transcendantalement et d'un point de vue épistémologique par l'autre, inférieur, d'une morphologie des catégories. Seul le second de ces deux niveaux est traité dans lesRecherches logiques(1901), tandis que les travaux théoriques en logique formelle menés par Husserl à la même époque en paraissent plutôt indépendants. Cet article est consacré à ces travaux tels que recueillis dans les appendices VI-X du volume 12 desHusserliana(1970a). Mettant en évidence la théorie de la signification qui les sous-tend par le biais d'une analyse de la question dite de l'extension des systèmes d'axiomes et de sa résolution au moyen d'une notion decomplétude, son objectif est d'expliciter les modalités de l'intégration de la logique formelle dans l'idée husserlienne de la logique pure au tournant duxxsiècle. When formulating his idea of pure logic in the Prolegomena[Husserl, E. 1900. Logische Untersuchungen. T. I : Prolegomena zur reinen Logik, Halle: Niemeyer. Éd. fr.: Husserl 1959; chap. XI], Husserl configures it on two levels: the superior one of formal logic, concerned with the axiomatization of mathematical structures; the inferior one of transcendantal logic grounding the former from an epistemological standpoint (i.e. as a science and in terms of theory of knowledge). Nevertheless, only the latter is taken into consideration in the Logical Investigations[Husserl, E. 1901. Logische Untersuchungen. T. II: Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis, Halle: Niemeyer. Éd. fr.: Husserl 1961/1963], while the theoretical work on formal logic that Husserl conducted at the same time seems at first glance rather independent. This paper is about that work as collected in the appendices VI–X toHusserliana 12 [Husserl, E. 1970a. Philosophie der Arithmetik. Mit ergänzenden Texten (1890–1901). Sous la dir. de Lothar Eley. (Husserliana 12). Den Haag: Nijhoff. Éd. orig.: Husserl 1972a, 1975]. And it aims at explicating how Husserl's conception formal logic fits in with his idea of pure logic. After an introductive recall about the young Husserl's evolution (Section 1), such a goal is reached here in three steps: first, by a presentation of Husserl's setting up of formal logic in 1900–1901 revolving around systems of axioms and formal domains with a focus on their linkage (Section 2); then, by the formulation of the question dealing with that very linkage, that is, the question of the extension of systems of axioms based on the so-called ‘problem of imaginary in mathematics’ focusing Husserl's theoretical research on formal logic at that time (Section 3); finally, by an analysis of Husserl's solution to those problem and question via his notion ofdefinitenessof systems of axioms and his conception of their completeness (Section 4). Realized from a historico-epistemological perspective, that systematic reconstruction highlights the theory meaning underlying Husserl's conception of formal logic and according to which, precisely, that latter integrates his idea of pure logic at the turn of the twentieth century (Section 5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pacific History is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern & Contemporary France is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In their respective works,Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana(Mexico 1555, 1571) andHistoria de las cosas de la Nueva España, Fray Alonso de Molina (†1585) and Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (c. 1499–1590) include references to the idiosyncratic metaphorical uses of Nahuatl. The fact that these two authors highlight this feature when translating from Nahuatl to Spanish constitutes an innovation in the history of linguistic ideas. In this article, I describe the references to metaphorical language in the works of these two authors on the basis of the textual typology that these writings exemplify, and in light of the Renaissance tradition in which they take part. To emphasis their historical context, I examine contemporary Hispanic-Amerindian vocabularies written by other missionaries as well as other works of Spanish lexicography that belong to the Hispanic textual tradition. Fray Alonso de Molina (†1585) en suVocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana(México 1555, 1571) y fray Bernardino de Sahagún (c. 1499–1590) en suHistoria de las cosas de la Nueva Españahicieron referencias a los usos metafóricos idiosincrásicos del náhuatl. El hecho de que estos autores distinguieran este rasgo al traducir del náhuatl al castellano constituye una innovación para la historia de las ideas lingüísticas. En este trabajo se describen las referencias al lenguaje metafórico en la obra de estos autores en función de la distinta tipología textual que presentan sus obras y a la luz de la tradición renacentista en la que estas se sitúan. Para su contextualización histórica, se examinan los vocabularios hispano-amerindios contemporáneos escritos por otros misioneros, así como algunos textos españoles de género lexicográfico pertenecientes a la tradición textual hispánica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The essay examines The Allegorical Portrait of Minister Colbert, engraved by Van Schuppen after Le Brun's design, in 1664, the year of Colbert's appointment as the Chief Administrator of Buildings, Arts, and Manufactures in France. It locates the print's programme within the context of the new administrative system for the arts in France implemented by the Minister and interprets it as an inventive conjuncture of pictorial genres. Either as a frontispiece or as an impresa, Le Brun's design for the print linked Colbert's political virtues with the new, collective forms of artistic enterprises. The theme of the collaborative relationship among the arts exemplified by Colbert's institutional reforms calls attention to the emerging variance between the individual and the institutional in the creation of the national style urged by Colbert's administration. The print demonstrates how the distillation of collective authorship can be achieved through the remediation of the specific arts -- painting and tapestry in this case -- based on the unifying role of disegno and the efficiency of print in translating ad vivum the generic characteristics of different media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Seventeenth -- Century French Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the research methods of one of the most famous twentieth-century Russian philosophers, Aleksei Losev. At present, the work of this thinker is the subject of study at numerous universities in Russia, North America, and Europe. Nevertheless, questions about Losev's place in contemporary philosophy and his research methods remain unanswered. Thus, this article examines the most important philosophical tendencies that significantly influenced Losev's work and concludes that Losev is primarily and overall a dialectician and the author of a very specific and original philosophical doctrine whose methodological founding principles originate in dialectical logic, one that differs considerably from other theories that currently exist in contemporary philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Roman society, parents often entrusted their newborn to a wet nurse, usually a slave or a lower-class freeborn woman, who normally lived with them. It was advised to choose with care the right person, as milk is not a neutral bodily substance but transmits many properties, physical and moral. Soranus devotes an entire chapter to the meticulous inspection of the nurse's milk and temper. The nurse's character must be checked as thoroughly as her physical health. The mind of the newborn, compared with wax, is from the start and forever impressed positively or negatively. Mnesitheus and others even advise choosing a woman resembling physically the mother, or a handsome person; Favorinus and others reject violently the recourse to wet nursing as immoral; submitting the child to the pernicious influence of a foreign non-kin person implies the destruction of family ties. Wet nurses had to follow a specific diet and to accept giving up their sexual life, which would corrupt the milk in case of a new pregnancy. Roman upper-class families attributed different qualities to nurses according to their ethnic origin: Egyptians were allegedly fond of children, Thracians robust and devoted, Spartans tough. The best were the Greeks, because they would teach Greek language - and culture - to their nurslings. The nurse's social function was extensive. Her role did not stop at the weaning period. Much evidence shows that she was a lifelong companion. In positive circumstances, she could construct non-kin relationships and became, through connections not of blood but of milk, a member of an extended family. Funerary inscriptions and literary sources show that some nurses were rewarded by freedom. Breast-feeding also created milk-ties between the nurslings, who could gain social elevation thanks to this bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]