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Nous examinons dans ce chapitre certaines conséquences de l'intégration commerciale fondée sur les chaînes de valeur mondiales (CVM) et mettons en évidence des lacunes dans notre compréhension des risques liés aux CVM. Malgré les progrès importants accomplis récemment, nombre des risques liés aux CVM demeurent en effet inconnus. Nous examinons également dans ce chapitre les avantages et les inconvénients de différentes stratégies envisageables pour réduire au minimum les risques liés aux CVM et de mesures spécifiques qui font débat dans les travaux publiés sur la question. Aucune des stratégies proposées n'est une solution miracle et les mesures optimales varieront probablement suivant les produits et les secteurs. La plupart des interventions destinées à améliorer la résilience relèvent des entreprises, et non des pouvoirs publics. Le fait que ces derniers prennent davantage l'initiative en matière de coordination de la collecte de données, d'analyse des risques liés aux CVM et de collaboration avec les entreprises privées pour promouvoir des normes de conduite ne suscite guère de controverse. En revanche, les avis sont plus partagés sur le fait que les autorités aient recours à des incitations financières, à des prescriptions réglementaires et au contrôle étatique direct pour reconfigurer les CVM. L'intervention des pouvoirs publics risque de créer des distorsions coûteuses sans réduire au minimum la volatilité économique ni améliorer la sécurité nationale, et en affaiblissant la coopération internationale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le présent chapitre contient des conseils relatifs à des priorités de politique structurelle propres à chaque pays, qui visent à renforcer les fondamentaux de la croissance et à ouvrir la voie à une double transition, verte et numérique, réussie. Quatre grands axes d'action ont été identifiés: améliorer la conception des programmes d'aide sociale; stimuler la croissance potentielle en levant les obstacles à une utilisation efficace des ressources; accélérer les progrès vers la décarbonation; et faire de la transformation numérique un moteur de la croissance de la productivité. Les informations spécifiques à chaque pays qui sous-tendent ce chapitre figurent dans les notes par pays (chapitre 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Réformes Économiques is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Réformes Économiques is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Réformes Économiques is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Réformes Économiques is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Réformes Économiques is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Réformes Économiques is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)