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Résumé L’étude en neuroimagerie des maladies mentales (troubles de l’humeur, schizophrénie, trouble du spectre autistique) a, jusqu’alors, été abordée par des méthodes classiques d’analyses statistiques dites « univariées ». Ces méthodes ont permis d’identifier de nombreuses modifications cérébrales structurelles et fonctionnelles associées à ces pathologies. Ce type d’analyse répond à la question : « Où, dans le cerveau et à l’échelle d’une cohorte de sujets/patients, y a-t-il des associations entre la pathologie et le signal associé à de l’imagerie structurelle ou fonctionnelle ? » Ce type d’analyse n’a pas de pouvoir prédictif nécessaire pour aider au diagnostic ou au pronostic de la réponse à un traitement à un niveau individuel. De plus, ces analyses impliquent généralement l’examen de chaque voxel (locus de mesure du signal) séparément les uns des autres, ce qui empêche l’identification de « patterns » impliquant conjointement plusieurs régions cérébrales. Tenant compte du fait que dans les pathologies psychiatriques, les altérations du cerveau impliquent des réseaux largement distribués sur plusieurs régions cérébrales, la communauté de neuroimagerie s’est tournée vers des méthodes de prédiction multivariées en raison de leur capacité à examiner conjointement toutes les régions cérébrales ainsi que pour leur potentiel à produire des inférences au niveau individuel. Cet article donne un aperçu critique des applications actuelles des méthodes de prédiction multivariées dans le cadre des maladies mentales. Nous abordons l’identification de biomarqueurs fondée sur la neuroimagerie dans la perspective d’utiliser ces derniers pour le diagnostic, la détection précoce et la réponse au traitement. The study of mental illness (mood disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder) in neuroimaging has been addressed by standard “univariate” statistical analysis methods. These methods have revealed many structural and functional brain changes associated with these diseases. Such analysis answers the question: “Where in the brain and on the scale of a cohort of subjects/patients, are the associations between the pathology and any structural or functional related signal”. This type of analysis has no predictive power to assist in the diagnosis or the prognosis of the response to a treatment at an individual level. In addition, these analyses typically involve examining each voxel separately (measured signal at given locus), thus limiting the identification of “patterns” that jointly involve several brain regions. Taking into account the fact that brain alterations in psychiatric diseases expand over a widely distributed network of brain regions, the neuroimaging community turned to multivariate predictive methods because of their ability to examine voxels jointly and their potential for making inferences at a single-subject level. This article provides a critical overview of the current applications of multivariate prediction methods for the identification of biomarkers based on neuroimaging in the prospect of using these for the diagnosis, early detection and response to treatment of mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Le test de concordance de scripts (TCS) est un moyen d’évaluer les processus hypothético-déductifs qui constituent le raisonnement clinique. Un TCS en gastro-entérologie pédiatrique peut permettre d’évaluer objectivement les étudiants en médecine à la fin de leur stage. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer les difficultés rencontrées dans l’élaboration d’un TCS et l’intérêt de cet outil pour apprécier le raisonnement clinique des étudiants. Un TCS a été élaboré comprenant 10 vignettes et 31 questions relatives aux sujets de l’examen national classant et a été utilisé pour évaluer 5 étudiants du 2e cycle des études médicales à la fin de leur stage en pédiatrie. Compte tenu des personnes examinées, le groupe d’experts a été constitué par 10 internes. Les corrections ont été établies selon la réponse modale. Selon la distribution des réponses des experts à chaque item, les ancrages ont été considérés corrects, anormaux ou discutables. Le TCS a été effectué aussi par 5 gastro-entérologues pédiatres. Les résultats ont été exprimés en moyenne/20±ESM (écart standard à la moyenne). L’analyse statistique a constitué en un test t de Student. Les notes ont été de 15,35±0,38 et 12,44±0,58 (p =0,0006), respectivement pour les experts et pour les étudiants. Les analyses complémentaires ont montré que l’évaluation n’était pas modifiée par des items ou des ancrages anormaux ou discutables. La moyenne des gastro-entérologues pédiatres était plus basse : 13,37±0,69 (p =0,01). La fiabilité de ce TCS pourrait être discutée. Les étudiants ont jugé ce test adapté à son but, même si toutes les personnes étaient évaluées pour la première fois par un TCS. Les TCS sont un outil intéressant mais leur élaboration est complexe. Elle impose de constituer un groupe d’enseignants pour suivre les recommandations actuelles et éviter une variabilité trop importante. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Nous exposons l’analyse de quelques résultats d’une recherche internationale, appelée ű CoPsyEnfant Ƈ, dirigée par Pr. Serge Lesourd, coordonnée par V. Dufour et financée par l’ANR. Objectif: Étudier la construction de l’identité des enfants et des adolescents dans de différents pays. Échantillons: Enfants et adolescents tout-venants (283 sujets). Méthode: En utilisant les dessins de la famille réelle et de la famille de rêve, nous avons analysé la représentation de la famille ainsi que le personnage d’identification. La collecte de données s’est effectuée en deux étapes : passation collective ; passation lors des entretiens individuelle Résultats: Le père en tant que personnage d’identification occupe une place prépondérante chez les adolescents des deux sexes (40 % chez les garçons et 41,3 % chez les filles). Les résultats statistiques amènent à penser que la configuration œdipienne ű classique Ƈ, ce fondement de la subjectivation, n’est plus opérante. Discussion: Nous sommes arrivés à penser qu’aujourd’hui le problème pour le sujet consiste plutôt de se créer une place de référence, de faire rentrer le Père Fort sur le piédestal, occupé par l’enfant malgré lui. La société libérale essaie d’effacer les différences générationnelles et de sexes, les différences constitutives pour le sujet. Le discours libéral tente de faire disparaître le Tiers qui viendrait poser limite à la toute-puissance infantile, ce Tiers qu’on appelle le Père Imaginaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L’assimilation de plus en plus fréquente de l’hospitalisation en psychiatrie à l’enfermement nécessite une réflexion sur la portée de cette modalité de soin. L’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer le vécu et la perception des effets de cette expérience au regard d’une perspective éthique. L’étude était fondée sur une enquête par questionnaire réalisée auprès de 169 patients au terme de leur séjour hospitalier. Une analyse statistique descriptive a été réalisée avec le logiciel SPSS 17.0 et les résultats examinés au filtre des principes éthiques fondamentaux (autonomie, bienfaisance, non-malfaisance). Elle a mis en évidence que l’autonomisation est favorisée par l’existence de repères dans le déroulement des soins (plus de 85 %), la liberté de circulation (82 %), l’information sur le projet thérapeutique (83 %), et remise en cause surtout en matière d’implication dans l’orientation des soins et d’information sur le mode d’hospitalisation (67 %) et la maladie (71 %). La bienfaisance est respectée tant au niveau de la disponibilité des soignants (94 %) que des effets bénéfiques reconnus et de l’utilité (90 %). Cependant, l’hospitalisation est une expérience potentiellement chargée d’affects négatifs (vécu pénible 50 %, impuissance 40 %) qui pourraient être atténués par une écoute plus active, ainsi qu’une information et une responsabilisation accrues des personnes hospitalisées. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La schizophrénie (SCZ) est une pathologie psychiatrique sévère, caractérisée par des hallucinations, un délire, des affects plats ou inappropriés et une détérioration cognitive. Le risque durant la vie est à peu près de 0,5 %, avec un taux d’héritabilité de 65–85 %. Dans les formes à début précoce (si l’on définit l’âge de début avant 15ans), la prévalence n’a pas été encore bien établie, mais elle est probablement proche de 5–10 % toutes formes confondues. Du fait de leur rareté, les SCZ à début précoce restent difficiles à étudier. Cet article est centré sur les études génétiques de la SCZ de l’adulte en en soulignant les résultats disponibles pour les SCZ à début précoce. Avant ces cinq dernières années, aucune association ou liaison significative entre la schizophrénie et des gènes spécifiques n’avait été répliquée quand des corrections statistiques pour des tests multiples étaient appliquées. De nombreux résultats ű faux positifs Ƈ ont certainement été publiés en utilisant une approche gènes candidats. Récemment, le développement de puces de type single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) a permis de réaliser des analyses des études d’association sur le génome entier (Genome-Wide Association Study [GWAS]) suggérant que, parmi les différents groupes d’âge, un certain pourcentage du risque génétique pouvait être attribuée à un nombre important de SNP communs, chacun d’entre eux contribuant au risque avec un très faible effet (odds ratios de 1,1 ou moins). L’effet génétique le plus connu est attribué à la délétion 22q11.2 de taille de 1,5–3 Mb, dont l’incidence est de ∼ 1/4000 à 1/6000 des nouveau-nés et dont 20–30 % des porteurs développeront une SCZ. Des études avec des aCGH array ou avec des puces à ADN (microarrays) avec SNP ont identifié des associations significatives entre la SCZ et de nouvelles variations structurelles rares et de taille importante (CNV, duplications et délétions), avec des odd ratios élevés (5–10), ces anomalies incluent les délétions 1q21, 2p16.3 (gène de la Neurexine 1), 3q29 et 15q13.3, et les duplications 16p11.2. Certains de ces CNV ont également été associés à l’autisme et à d’autres pathologies neurodéveloppementales, telles que l’épilepsie, ou les déficiences intellectuelles, ce qui suggère la possibilité d’un chevauchement des mécanismes qui contribuent aux risques pour ces troubles. En se fondant sur les données préliminaires des études à plus large échelle, environ 1–2 % des cas serait porteur d’un CNV, associé à la SCZ (OR 4–12). Les études de séquençage de l’exome entier, réalisées sur un échantillon de grande taille d’adultes constitue la prochaine étape pour identifier des mutations encore plus rares associées à la SCZ : mutations ponctuelles et des CNV de plus petite taille et plus rares. Les découvertes en génétique commencent à contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes biologiques impliqués dans l’étiologie et dans la vulnérabilité à la schizophrénie, et pourront conduire à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This survey evaluated if residents felt a benefit to their participation in robot-assisted procedures and highlights the interest of robot in the initial surgical training. Patients and methods: A questionnaire was submitted to 33 residents participating as assistants in robot-assisted surgical procedures in our department and to seven residents of the Chapel Hill hospital, North Carolina, USA. Items rated their experience with the robot, their feeling during the surgical procedures and whether they thought they improved their technical skills. Results: The majority of French residents felt passive during the procedures (97%) or bored (75%); most of them found an immediate interest to learn anatomy (72.7%) and surgical procedures (66.7%). Then, a minority of them reported an improvement of their knowledge in anatomy (39.4%), in surgical procedures (24.2%), and conventional laparoscopy (9.1%). Most of French residents are not willing to repeat the experience as an assistant (81.8%), whereas they showed great interest in practicing robot-assisted surgery later. The oldest residents benefited more than younger in learning anatomy and surgical procedures. US resident’ ratings concerning the contribution of the robot in their training were generally more positive. They were all convinced they made progress in anatomy, as in surgical techniques and they all wanted to repeat such procedures. Discussion and conclusion: This work demonstrates the pedagogical value of using the robot for teaching surgical procedures and anatomy. It also suggests the establishment of training programs dedicated to the learning of robot-assisted surgery in gynaecology, in parallel with training in conventional laparoscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This article firstly summarizes the process of study of an old collection, which had not been considered since the excavations at the site Les Vachons, started before 1914 and completed around 1939. The studied collection of J. Coiffard, both excavator and inventor of this site, includes four-fifths of the artefacts because, in 1940, he donated approximately one fifth to the Eyzies Museum. For his part, J. Bouyssonie who participated in the excavations for 3 years gave the major part of his own collection to the Archaeological Society of Charentes Angouleme where its condition makes it difficult to analyze. Despite these restrictions, based on statistical comparisons with counts many other sites, I came to the conclusion that the top three layers of Les Vachons are a confirmation of the Gravettian model, developed by B. Bosselin and F. Djindjian through their factor analysis. This model seems much better suited to the stratigraphy of Les Vachons, than all assumptions made by previous analysts in their attempt to bring the industries from the three layers in what remains from the Peyrony model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Information on adoption must be given to couples who seek treatment for medically-assisted procreation. But is adoption a real alternative? What are the chances for a couple who consults to see its desire for adoption be achieved according to its own situation, the characteristics of the child he wants, and the general situation of adoption? Can adoption, just like assisted procreation, often described by the couples as a “obstacle course”, go parallel? Or should one try adoption once assisted reproduction failed? Is the couple willing to suffer the social and legal control of adoption after having supported the medical control of the ART? In all cases, the reality is that two out of three couples engaged in assisted reproduction will have a child whereas scarcely more than one candidate to adoption will be offered to adopt a child after three or four-years procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Purposes: To determine the feasibility of performing prospective injury surveillance in athletics, and to determine the frequency and type of musculoskeletal injury in athletics during one season. Methods: A prospective collection of occurrence of injuries during an athletic season (9months) was performed on 1186 athletes from two athletic clubs. Characteristics of injures and of the injured athlete was collected by physicians. Results: During the 9months, among the 1186 athletes, 33 injuries were recorded, a rate injury of 3.7% athletes per year. The injuries were located on the lower limb (100%), caused by overuse (55%), most often triggered by training (91%), and duration of sports time-loss was more than 1month (36%). Conclusion: The main results of this study concerning injuries were in agreement with those of literature. On the feasibility of a prospective study in athletics, the limitations of this study reported on the difficulty of establishing this type of study in this individual sport. Other epidemiological studies are needed to improve the injuries knowledge in athletics, particularly to understand risk factors, etiologies and injury mechanisms, with the aim of athletics injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the good use organization and fluoroquinolone prescription habits in cases of bone and joint, urinary, pulmonary, and digestive infections. Design: A declarative survey was made (questionnaire for the hospital and for the prescriber). Results: Thirty percent (44/145) of hospitals participated with 274 prescribers. Eighty percent had prescription protocols, 71 % of clinicians had access to epidemiologic data. A percentage of 30.7 (853/2,771) of prescriptions included a fluoroquinolone, 44.5 % (380/853) among these had not been recommended. The excessive prescription reached 24.4 % (116/474) in case of bone and joint infection, 14.6 % (107/731), and 20 % (157/779) in cases of digestive and respiratory infection respectively. Prescriptions for urinary infection were adequate in 47.6 % (375/787) of cases. Inadequate prescriptions were made because of bad knowledge of bacteria resistance epidemiology and pharmacology (insufficient dose, monotherapy at risk of selection), and non-application of good practice recommendations. Conclusion: This study justifies the rationalization of antibiotic prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objective: Thoracic bioimpedance has been proposed for cardiac output (CO) determination and monitoring without calibration or thermodilution (ICG Monitor 862146, Philips Medical System, Philips, Suresnes, France). The accuracy and clinical applicability of this technology has not been fully evaluated in the cardiac surgery setting. We designed this prospective study to compare the accuracy of the ICG Monitor (COICG) versus pulmonary artery catheter standard bolus thermodilution (COPAC) in patients after cardiac surgery or having benefited from cardiac surgery. Study design: Prospective, monocentric. Material and methods: We studied 13 patients in the postoperative period. COICG and COPAC were determined at the arrival in the intensive care unit and every four hours. Bland-Altman and Critchley and Critchley''s analysis were used to assess the agreement between COICG and COPAC. Results: COPAC ranged from 2.6 to 11.0l/min and COICG ranged from 1.8 to 11.7l/min. There was a significant relationship between COPAC and COICG (r =0.61 ; p <0.001). Agreement between COPAC and COICG was −0.5±1.3l/min (Bland-Altman analysis). Percentage error between the two methods was 49% (Critchley and Critchley''s analysis). Conclusion: We found clinically unacceptable agreement between COICG and COPAC in this setting. Despite its non invasiveness, this device cannot be recommended for CO monitoring in the postoperative period following cardiac surgery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The DSM-III introduced a new approach of the psychiatric diagnosis by statistics, relying on the quantification of the diagnostic reliability. It thus proceeded to significant changes in the diagnostic categories. These changes were also defined by another principle called “atheorism”. This reform was undertaken by North-American psychiatry as it was crossing a form of crisis, during which the knowledge, the know-how, the autonomy and the ethic of the psychiatrists were questioned. This article intends to emphasize the social and scientific issues at stake in this use of statistics to define mental disorders. We therefore put the DSM-III in the perspective of the empiricism in psychiatry and present the way it was received and the effects it had. We venture in conclusion the hypothesis that DSM-III was a response to the question of the existence of North-American psychiatry as a profession and we try to apply this hypothesis to current French psychiatry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The fundamental importance of the access to written language justifies the necessity of an early and adapted take care of learning disabilities. The study design included the administration of a teacher questionnaire to 674 children and of the reference battery BREV to 232 children previously detected by their teachers and 153 control children. Statistical analysis was used to compare the teacher questionnaire and the reference screening test and to calculate the sensitivity and the specificity of the teacher questionnaire. In the present study the teacher questionnaire administered by a medical school doctor had a good feasibility and acceptability. Our results are in favour of using a teacher questionnaire based on 3 items that best predict reading disability. Sensitivity and specificity of each item are good enough to recommend this questionnaire as a useful identification tool. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The terms included and detailed in the present part are: QUORUM, randomisation, hazards ratio, likelihood ratio, RevMan, risk reduction, relative risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Aim. – The aim of this study was to establish the status of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy procedure in cutaneous melanoma in France in 2002. Material and methods. – This study was based upon the statistics of the main French melanoma centers. A short questionnary was sent to Head Physician by email. The authors asked for the global attitude as far as SLN was concerned, number of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed during year 2002 and of SLN procedures performed, critters of inclusion and postoperative management in each case. Abstension could be argued in a free item. Answers were sent back by email. Results. – The authors collected 22 answers coming from overall territory; 64% performed SLN procedure (14 centers), 36% applied “wait and watch” policy. Staffs performing SLN diagnosed a mean of 101 (8–400) melanoma and biopsied a mean of 21 (0–53) sentinel nodes. The others diagnosed a mean of 151 (15–250) melanoma. Patients were enrolled for Breslow thickness upper to 1.5 mm in 71%, to 1 mm in 29%. Ulceration was a critter of inclusion in 93% (21 staffs), 100% enrolled patients whose tumor presented signs of regression. SLN was performed for primary sites located overall body in 71%, only in limbs and trunk in 29%. Positive node lead to regional lymph node clearance, then observation or interferon protocol. Negative node lead to “wait and watch policy” in 14%, different interferon protocols according to Breslow thickness in 86%. Conclusion. – SLN procedure is not homogenous in France. France is divided as far as SLN is concerned. If 64% are performing SLN, more than 50% of the new melanoma are not included in the trial. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Implantodontie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Therapies is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. – Recent study showed that neostigmine (500 μg) by intra-articular produces postoperative analgesia without adverse effect. The author’s goal was to determine whether 500 μg of neostigmine added to bupivacaine in axillary plexus block could prolonged postoperative analgesia without increasing the incidence of side effects.Methods. – Ninety patients scheduled for orthopedic or plastic surgery with axillary plexus block were randomyly assigned to one of 3 groups : group 1 (TGr n = 30) received saline solution (1 ml) in the axillary plexus, group 2 (NAGr n = 30) received 500 μg (1 ml) neostigmine in the axillary plexus and group 3.500 μg neostigmine subcutaneously (NSGr n = 30). We evaluated visual analog pain scores (VAS), the consumption of the ketoprofene, nausea and vomiting incidence during the first 24 h. ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis and Fisher tests were used for statistical analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results. – The VAS score was lower in NAGr (21 ± 18) vs NSGr (31 ± 14) and control group TGr (45 ± 2) (p < 0.05). The consumption of the ketoprofene is 127 ± 65 mg in NAGr vs 150 ± 53 mg in NSGr and 200 ± 50 mg in group TGr (p = 0.02). Incidence of nausea and vomiting was 3.5% in NAGr vs 6.8% in NSGr and 0% for TGr.Conclusion. – Neostigmine combined to a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine prolongs postoperative analgesia after axillary plexus block. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The archaeological excavation of the cave of the Gardon has brought to light a dilated and nearly continuous stratigraphy for the Neolithic era. The analysis of lithic industry has showed the existence of variations between those neolithic layers, which are independents of the technological processes of tools productions. Four criteria allow us to characterize the occupation’s type of each layer. Compared to the excavations data and to sedimentological analysis, these results allow us to display the evolution of the intensity of occupations of the cave throughout the whole Neolithic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Ce travail rappelle d’abord la définition de la résidence alternée, ainsi que la procédure juridique actuelle de son obtention, ses modalités pratiques de mise en œuvre, ses implications financières pour les parents, et certaines données statistiques enfin. Quelques réflexions psychologiques et psychopathologiques sur l’impact du divorce sur l’enfant sont ensuite présentées, avant d’envisager la question de la résidence alternée au regard de la théorie de l’attachement et en fonction de l’âge de l’enfant (une grande prudence semble devoir s’imposer avant trois ans). L’article se termine par une brève évocation du syndrome d’aliénation parentale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAI) have contributed to a methodological improvement for the evaluation inside the forensic system. One main effect was the reduction of false positive predictions. The ARAI present some advantages but also some important limits: (a) their assessment, leading to an overall score is not as easy as expected and requires appropriate training; (b) they include criteria identified from group statistics, the interpretation does not automatically apply to the evaluated individuals; (c) the specific personal characteristics not covered as individual behavior beyond the statistical probability; (d) the appreciation of the context of occurrence of the violent act is not sufficiently considered. These limits are still partially challenged in the latest generation of evaluative instruments called “structured clinical” that include both variables “static” linked to the past as well as variables “dynamic” related to the present and future. The paper discusses the limitations of the ARAI and formulates recommendations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Objective: To estimate lower limbs maximal power in tennis players. Methods: Sixteen male players (half in second and half in third series) performed force-velocity test on a cycle ergometer (five consecutive maximal 8seconds sprints, braking loads from 2 to 6kg, loads increased by 1kg, 4minutes recovery between sprints). Theoretical maximal power (Pmaxth) were extrapolated from the relationship between braking force and maximal velocity. Results: Pmaxth varied between 8.6 and 14.9W/kg (mean: 11.7±1.8W/kg). The statistical analysis did not reveal any differences, players of the second series versus players of the third series (12.2±1.8W/kg vs. 11.3±1.9W/kg). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim. – Verify the sensibility of a standardised overtraining questionnaire during a weekly observation in a sport population.Methods and results. – The experiment was carried out in 12 athletes, 20–23 years old, students at the University in Licence STAPS, with a standardised overtraining questionnaire given every week during 8 weeks. Results were analysed individually and for the total population. Those showed that overtraining questionnaire could allow individualised training programs, and could provide some pertinent information on sleep quality and physical condition for each athlete. For the coach, the overtraining questionnaire permits to identify some fatigue state, consecutively to training variations. On the total population, the analysis of overtraining questionnaire showed some items more reliable than other.Conclusion. – This questionnaire was very interesting for coaches, allowing a good individualisation of the training program. Nevertheless, this questionnaire presents intricate statistical analysis when given at high frequency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: 3-D conformal radiotherapy is based on accurate target volumes delineation. Radio-anatomy knowledge''s are useful but sometimes difficult to obtain. Moreover, the sources of recommandations for volume definition are disparate. We thus developed a free radio-anatomy website dedicated to volumes delineation for radiation-oncologists (www.siriade.org). This website is a search engine allowing to access to delineation characteristics of main tumours illustrated with clinical cases. It dœs not aim to provide guidelines. Its main purpose is to provide an iconographic training support with frequent updatings. We present the features of this website and one year connexion statistics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Chronic lower back pain, as a result of medium and low frequency vibrations to the whole body (registers 97 RG and 57 RA), or as a result of manhandling heavy weights (registers 98 RG and 57 bis RA), is a compensated occupational disease since february 1999, the exact wording of compensation being radiculalgie of different stages. The 27/01/1993 law compensates heavy pathologies (IPP=25 %) which are either not registered or which do not meet the registerrequirements, provided the occupational cause is established. The number of compensations seems stabilized over 1999–2001, with 95 % (2527) sciatica in 2001 and 5 % cnemialgia. The register 98 related to manhandling of heavy weights stands for 80 % of all compensated sciatica. Accordingly with the exact wording of the registers (sciatica by herniated disk L4–L5 or L5-S 1 with radiculopathy of conformable topography), revealing the herniated disk necessarily induces medical imaging. This is the reason why the occupational physician or one of the 29 centres of occupational pathology should be sought when an occupational cause is suspected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]