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Abstract: Rural communities are geographically isolated from large urban areas, affecting access to definitive care, specialists and other health services that only service urban areas. Rural decision-makers are often faced with numerous challenges regarding the availability, capacity, sustainability and performance of health systems in rural and remote areas. We evaluated the current body of literature on educational initiatives being used in under-resourced areas to increase the knowledge or skills of healthcare workers. This rapid review followed the methods laid out by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group and included published articles from any of three databases that described and evaluated an educational intervention, in which healthcare workers were the learners and which took place in an under-resourced area. Papers were excluded if they were deemed to be too resource intensive, were an opinion or concept paper or took place in an urban area. Results were synthesised descriptively. Ten studies were identified that contained information on educational initiatives in a variety of countries. The healthcare workers targeted in the studies varied from physicians, nurses and midwives to community health workers and students. The quality of studies also varied and included randomised control trials, systematic reviews and both prospective and retrospective studies. Initiatives involving simulation or point-of-care ultrasound were most common and showed the most benefit to a learner's knowledge and skill development. A limited body of literature exists on educational initiatives for healthcare workers in under-resourced areas. While simulation and hands-on learning showed positive results, the opportunity remains for a low-cost, high-yield educational initiative tailored to the unique needs of healthcare workers in under-resourced areas.Les communautés rurales sont géographiquement isolées des grandes zones urbaines, ce qui affecte l'accès à des soins définitifs, à des spécialistes et à d'autres services de santé qui ne desservent que les zones urbaines. Les décideurs ruraux sont souvent confrontés à de nombreux défis concernant la disponibilité, la capacité, la durabilité et la performance des systèmes de santé dans les zones rurales et éloignées. Nous avons évalué l'ensemble de la littérature actuelle sur les initiatives éducatives utilisées dans les zones sous-dotées pour améliorer les connaissances ou les compétences des travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé. Cette examen rapide a suivi les méthodes définies par le Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group et a inclus des articles publiés dans l'une des trois bases de données qui décrivaient et évaluaient une intervention éducative dans laquelle les travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé étaient les apprenants et qui SE déroulait dans une zone manquant de ressources. Des articles jugés trop gourmands en ressources, des opinions, des documents conceptuels ou en lien avec des zones urbaines, ont été exclus. Les résultats ont été synthétisés de manière descriptive. 10 études ont été identifiées, contenant des informations sur des initiatives éducatives dans divers pays. Les travailleurs de la santé ciblés dans les études variaient des médecins, des infirmières et des sages-femmes aux travailleurs de la santé communautaire et aux étudiants. La qualité des études était également variable et comprenait des essais contrôlés randomisés, des revues systématiques et des études prospectives et rétrospectives. Les initiatives impliquant la simulation ou le POCUS étaient les plus courantes et présentaient le plus d'avantages pour le développement des connaissances et des compétences de l'apprenant. Il existe un nombre limité de documents sur les initiatives éducatives destinées aux travailleurs de la santé dans les zones sous-dotées. Bien que la simulation et l'apprentissage pratique aient donné des résultats positifs, il est toujours possible de mettre en place une initiative éducative peu coûteuse et à haut rendement, adaptée aux besoins spécifiques des travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé dans les zones sous-dotées., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Society of Rural Physicians of Canada.)

The recent rise in the visibility of participatory research has contributed to reshaping its epistemic frameworks. The challenges it faces provide the opportunity to study the power dynamics within research systems. This paper therefore discusses the links between health research, participatory research, and political context. Conducted from the perspective of a service-user/survivor researcher inspired by survivor research, the context analysis is based on a critical approach to user participation in two participatory research projects carried out in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The context is considered in light of the political circumstances, goals, and issues that affect the environment in which participatory research operates. The author argues that the practical, ethical, and methodological challenges of participatory research have less to do with epistemic issues than they do with research’s role as a social practice. By neglecting these political issues in favor of epistemic interrogations, research participates in knowledge subjugation, at the expense of affected communities. Taking into account social power struggles within research highlights the need for the development of research directly carried out by service users.

Community-based research, that is, the meaningful involvement of affected populations in the production of scientific knowledge that concerns them, is a political struggle and an ethical necessity. Coalition PLUS, an international network of organizations (most of them NGOs) fighting against HIV and hepatitis, created a community-based research laboratory (CBRL) composed of people from more than sixteen countries and various disciplinary fields. The objectives of the CBLR are to build research capacity, ensure collaboration with local and international academic research centers, and develop international research projects. The CBRL acts as a bridge between different partners, reconciling sometimes divergent interests, and must provide mediation and support to promote dialogue, transparency, and a relationship of trust between the communities and academic researchers. However, the need for scientific legitimacy obliges us to continuously seek a balance between responding to the needs of the field and using rigorous scientific methods, while optimizing and prioritizing existing resources. The permanent quest for this balance has led the CBRL to reorganize its mode of operation to optimize existing synergies with academic research laboratories, with a view to asserting its scientific legitimacy and continuing to contribute to social transformation through community-based research that is both innovative and of high quality. This paper provides a critical reflection on the issues, challenges, practices, and solutions of community-based research within the Coalition PLUS network.

In adults and teenagers, airway clearance physiotherapy techniques (ACPT) are various and numerous. However, they for still awaiting scientific validation. Among ACPTs, Slow Expiration with the Glottis Opened in the Lateral Posture (ELTGOL), Autogenic Drainage (DA), and Active Cycling Breathing Technique (ACBT) present a Grade B level of evidence with weak recommendations. Even though these maneuvers are widely applied, precise description of chest physiotherapy (CP) is largely absent from the scientific literature; it is difficult to standardize its implementation and reproduce the results; scientific validation and faithful execution of the techniques are consequently problematic. In this paper, the authors aim to depict each of the three CP techniques as precisely as possible; with this in mind, graphic modeling of the different respiratory exercises is presented in such a way that they can be easily learned, applied and reproduced by physiotherapists., (Copyright © 2023 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Cancers: INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL IN METROPOLITAN France. Incidence and survival rates are key indicators for cancer surveillance. They also help to drive cancer control programs and public health policies. Focusing on the main cancer localisations, this paper describes the latest incidence (2023) and survival (2018) rates, as well as their evolutions since 1990 in metropolitan France. In 2023, the number of new cases of cancer was estimated to be 433 136, of which 57% occurring in men. Both gender considered, the most frequent cancers are: breast cancer (61 214 new cases), prostate cancer (59 885 new cases) and lung cancer (52 777 new cases). Although the « all cancer » incidence rate as remained quite stable for 33 years in men, it has been raising by almost 1% per year in women. Regarding survival, the standardized net survival (SNS) at 5 years shows great disparities among tumor sites, and it is overall higher in women. Cancers with the best prognosis are thyroid cancer (SNS at 5 years: 96%), prostate cancer (93%), skin melanoma (93%) and uterine cancer (74%). On the contrary, a few tumor locations, including the pancreas (SNS at 5 years of 11%), the liver (18%) and the lung (20%) are still associated with a poor prognosis, even if survival rates have increased in most of cancer locations since 1990., Competing Interests: Les auteurs déclarent n’avoir aucun lien d’intérêts.

This paper reports on a research-training module in a conference interpreter training environment where students strive to acquire high-level interpreting skills through intensive practice over two years. Both theory and research are remote from their concerns. The module described was designed specifically for this environment. The aim was to raise the students’ awareness of the nature of research, of the gains it could offer to interpreters-in-training and to the interpreting profession, and of practical challenges it faces. Care was taken not to add a significant workload which they might view as irrelevant to their endeavours. This translated as an introductory two-lecture part followed by micro-experiments in which the students’ own interpreting exercises were used as material. The students were asked to record and transcribe their interpretations of experimental source speeches, to analyse and reflect on the data. In one exercise, they were asked to perform an experiment as researchers with other students as participants. Throughout the process, the instructors provided detailed guidance and explained how the experiments were designed, taking on board challenges and uncertainties, and what inferences could or could not be drawn from the data and why. A questionnaire at the end of the module suggests that the students found the module interesting, not excessively taxing, that it taught them something about research and also about interpreting. Since this module entails virtually no overheads as regards the students’ daily practice and gives them a good sense of the practical issues associated with research, it is suggested that it could be integrated into curricula with more traditional research training as well.

The paper describes the state of legal interpreting training in the Czech Republic, which, as it currently stands, focuses on legal terminology rather than specific interpreting techniques. Against this background of the existing training opportunities, the paper presents a pilot course on legal interpreting, including court interpreting, for BA and MA students of English for Translators and Interpreters at Palacký University Olomouc. It describes the design of the course, its content and the methodology applied. Specifically, it describes the different settings addressed in the courses and the materials and activities used to train interpreters for these settings, including a mock trial. Finally, the paper also discusses the challenges and potential room for further development.

The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the challenges resulting from the fact that interpreting classes at the Institute of Translation Studies (Charles University, Prague, Czechia) are attended by students whose mother tongue is not Czech (double degree students from Universität Leipzig or Erasmus+ incoming students). Drawing on the results of action research conducted in two different interpreting courses, we describe the challenges that this non-standard situation represents for the teacher, how teaching methods need to be adapted, what implications this distorted directionality has on student assessment, how this combination of students with different mother tongues can enrich interpreting seminars and their participants, and what benefits it brings to the interaction between teacher and student and among students.

Healthcare interpreting has been a topic of interest for various fields of study around the world for over 60 years; however, it has not yet been discussed comprehensively in the Czech Republic. This paper aims to lay the groundwork for future research in the country by providing a basic overview of the research findings abroad. Drawing on the summary article by Pöchhacker (2021), the contribution first examines studies and other works on interpreting in healthcare by researchers in fields other than translation studies, such as nursing, psychiatry, linguistics, and social sciences from the 1960s to the early 1990s. Afterwards, the paper compiles the findings of more recent studies from Africa; Asia and Australia; the United States, Canada and Mexico; and Northern, Southern, and Central Europe, concluding with remarks on the few works on healthcare interpreting that have been produced in the Czech Republic.

The full value of any strategic objective is achieved through effective strategy implementation. However, globally, strategy implementation is arguably the most significant drawback of the strategic management process, with failure rates as high as 90%. This article is aimed at determining the extent to which stakeholder agility contributes to successful strategy implementation in public tertiary education institutions in Zimbabwe, so that, they may contribute meaningfully to the socio-economic development of the nation. The study was motivated by the lack of prior research on the nexus between stakeholder engagement and strategy implementation in public education. Data was analysed from 486 questionnaires that were randomly distributed to the senior management of tertiary education institutions. Correlations, and regression analyses techniques were used to determine the extent to which stakeholder agility predicts strategy implementation. The results indicated that external stakeholder agility positively influences successful strategy implementation, whilst internal stakeholder agility does not. The study provides guidance to tertiary education institutions on enhancing strategy implementation through external stakeholder agility. This paper also provides evidence in the African context on the reduction of the strategy implementation failure through stakeholder agility practices relevant to the public education sector.

The diagnostic-formative assessment is a technique to follow the reading competence development of Italian language learners. In this paper, we try to demonstrate how the reading competence of each student was assessed individually through the in continuous monitoring. The reading and text comprehension activity was conducted through the use of the Blog ; therefore, the assessment mode was online, and we used a checklist adapted from Nunan’s (1989) studies to follow the reading competence progress of the students.

In this paper, we explore assessment in teaching/learning Italian as a foreign language. We aim to highlight how evaluation could be used not only as a final judgment but also as a means of learning to make language learning effective and profitable. This allows us to verify our path, modify it, and improve it.

The technological era in which we find ourselves, experienced a rapid development and transformation in all sectors, which implies progress for the welfare of humankind where everything is modernized. This development has greatly influenced education. In our case, ICT, information and communication technologies play a vital role in improving foreign language teaching and learning. Speaking is one of the language skills that language learners are constantly striving to develop. Improving these skills has always been a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of ICT on the improvement of speaking skills. From a conceptual perspective, it is urged to provide theoretical contributions related to the subject, as well as didactic strategies that make it possible to improve the learning of foreign languages. For this reason, the present article is based on a documentary methodology through the collection of data from studies related to the subject, which is why this data is analyzed and interpreted. The results of this research showed that technologies have a positive influence on the development and acquisition of oral competence in a foreign language.

(EFL) in Algeria. This paper aims to explore the level of cultural awareness present in the first-year EFL textbook “At the Crossroads” (2005) through critical discourse analysis, using the frameworks of Fairclough (2003) and Baker (2011). The results indicate that the textbook does not effectively cultivate intercultural awareness among EFL learners. Consequently, there is a need to reconsider and reassess the linguistic content of the textbook to provide a more balanced cultural input for EFL learners.

The purpose of this research is to explore the assessment practices of EFL teachers in oral expression at MLD University-Setif2. An exploratory design is employed using a semi-structured adapted questionnaire administered to 12 EFL teachers of oral expression selected through purposive convenience sampling. Data are analyzed quantitatively using SPSS.22 and qualitatively via thematic analysis. The results reveal that teachers primarily aim to assign grades to students in their oral assessment practices. Additionally, they employ oral presentations, paper-pen exams, debates, and interviews as major tasks for oral assessment. Moreover, grammar, vocabulary, and oral fluency emerge as the main criteria for assessing students’ oral skills. Teachers predominantly use holistic scoring as a measurement procedure for assessment. The study offers pedagogical implications for teachers, students, administrators, and policymakers.

Copyright of Alternative Francophone is the property of Alternative Francophone and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alternatives Sud is the property of CETRI - Centre Tricontinental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alternatives Sud is the property of CETRI - Centre Tricontinental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper proposes a new approach for the thermomechanical analysis of small satellites. In the first stage, the heat fluxes acting on the exterior surfaces of the assembly are evaluated with the support of the CubeSat Wizard. The orbital parameters employed ensure adequate radiation heat transfer. Afterwards, the temperature distribution of the entire structure is evaluated with the support of the LISA thermal transient environment. The most critical load case is further use for calculating stress and displacement in a static analysis. Two configurations of CardSat nanosatellites are included in the study for comparison.

The extractive industry, through the specific activities it involves, has a significant geotechnical and ecological impact on the environment, with dominance at the local level, near the mining units through the storage of mining residues resulting from the extraction processes. The different parts of the mine: mining premises, mine waste dumps, industrial buildings, social buildings, roads, platforms can have end uses such as: reproductions in the agricultural and forestry circuit, creation of waste deposits, recreational areas, industrial parks, retention basins. The rocks that are stored in the dump are made up of an inhomogeneous material from a petrographic and granulometric point of view. The waste resulting from the preparations is represented by a mixture of clays, shale clays, gritty clays, coal shale, coal fragments. This paper presents the research of the rocks from the tailings dumps in the west part of Jiu Valley.

In the paper, we addressed the simulation and numerical modeling of deformation under static loading of wire ropes used in mine hoisting installations. We presented the main types of extraction vessels (cages and skips) commonly used in the mining industry, as well as the fastening devices to the hoisting rope (DLC). A review was conducted on the primary structural models of traction cables equipping mine hoisting machines. As one of the critical assessments performed on cables in mining extraction is done at maximum static load, we constructed a virtual model of a tension testing stand for a hoisting cable using SOLIDWORKS®. Essentially, we created a virtual device in the form of an assembly consisting of multiple parts, establishing geometric connections between them. Additionally, we highlighted the cable's path over the core of the fastening device. The actual tension test was performed through a simulation under static loading of a 500 mm section of the cable. We determined the von Misses stress and overall deformations of the cable section.

The desire to reduce pollution and price instability generated by the major share of fossil fuel use requires firm solutions for ecological transition of the economy, which must provide access to clean, safe and affordable energy. An important, seriously affected sector, being a competitive field with consistent limitations, is the transport system, where the use of alternative fuels or the use of electric cars is definitely a solution. The present paper presents an evaluation, through simulation in MATLAB-Simulink, of influence of parameters such as: vehicle frontal area, tire pressure, wind speed, road slope, aerodynamic coefficient and rolling resistance coefficient, in the power and energy balance and aspects that influence the optimal dimensioning of batteries and electric motor.

In his commentary on the Qurʾān, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī makes use of various traditional and rational sciences, among them legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh). This science plays a primary role within his exegetical device, since he draws from it many notions and arguments that allow him to propose new interpretations or to refute the opinions issued by his predecessors. The present paper aims to study the contribution of legal theory to al-Rāzī's exegesis. Our purpose is to show how this author uses the hermeneutical rules borrowed from the science of uṣūl al-fiqh and the benefits he derives from them, especially in the debates opposing him to other commentators of the Qurʾān. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the narrative sources dealing with a unique phenomenon in early Islam: the passage of part of the Arabic-speaking Iyād group into Roman service. Abbasid-era authors (132/750-333/945) locate and date the defectors in the context of the conquests (futūḥ) of the Roman and Sassanian Middle East by earlier Arab-Muslims (c. 10/632-20/642). We highlight the contradictions, inconsistencies and anachronisms of the versions, and focus especially on their tendency to actually deal more with migration from Iraq to northern Syria than from northern Syria to Byzantine Anatolia. Thus, we propose an alternative scenario: the Iyād gradually settled in the northern military district (ǧund) of Homs, in ex-Roman Syria-Mesopotamia during the first/seventh century. Considering the similar events involving emigrant, defector and rallied units during the Umayyad period (40/661-132/750), as well as the frequent shifts of the frontier in the border zone (ṯuġūr), we suggest that the Iyād, like many groups driven out and conscripted into the region by both the Byzantines and the Umayyads empires, may have passed repeatedly into the service of both. Eventually, the rigidification of geographical, political and confessional borders transformed such opportunistic and/or forced movements, although still attested, into unnatural apostasies. However, this context prevailed in the writing of the narrative sources on their primordial flight to the "land of the Romans". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roles of Indigenous youth in environmental research remain largely unexplored with little practical guidance for achieving meaningful engagement in environmental research. This paper aims to characterize the varying types of Inuit youth engagement in environmental research conducted in Inuit Nunangat. Findings were derived from a community-engaged participatory research approach in Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet, Nunavut). Our typology of Inuit youth engagement in environmental research suggests three types of engagements: “participate”, “conduct”, and “control”. Results highlight that Inuit youth who are interested in undertaking their own environmental research projects expect to enhance their knowledge of natural and life sciences more than those who may seek short-term supportive research roles. Strategies employed by researchers seeking to enhance youth research capacity may also vary based on youth wants and expectations. Our findings suggest that there is no one-size-fits all solution. None of the engagement types identified were necessarily and inherently considered better than the others by project contributors, unlike what has been proposed in other, hierarchical, typologies. Our proposed typology contributes to a better understanding of the varying roles that Inuit youth can play in environmental research, as well as inform potential frameworks for enhancing Inuit youth engagement and leadership in research.

This Indigenous-led project aims to better understand historical and contemporary ways in which Alaska Native Peoples steward salmon and the values connected to salmon stewardship. Indigenous Peoples have stewarded Alaska lands and waters for thousands of years yet have been largely excluded from western science and management systems. In this project we utilize a participatory approach that allows for the equitable valuing of ideas and knowledges to document the breadth and depth of Yup’ik and Athabascan knowledge and governance systems in southwestern Alaska. We reshape research methodologies by centering Indigenous frameworks and research methodologies including circle dialogues and multi-generational interviews led by Indigenous scholars and students in their home communities and regions. In this paper, we share the Yup’ik and Athabascan values, knowledge, management, and governance mechanisms that can improve the long-term sustainability and equity of Alaska salmon systems. This research elevates the voices of Alaska Native salmon stewards and experts from the Kuskokwim Bay and the Kuskokwim River. We elaborate on five key themes that emerged from this research including: traditional Indigenous ways of life, Indigenous stewardship, self-determination, food and livelihood sovereignty, and ecosystem changes, and identify a more equitable and sustainable path forward for salmon and people in Alaska.