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Plastic waste is now a major environmental problem worldwide, and it has worsened in the last few years. Scientists are studying how much plastic is in the environment, how dangerous it is, and how to learn it. This study looked at research papers on microplastics’ effects on plants listed by Scopus from 2011 to 2022. The goal was to see how this body of knowledge has grown and expanded over time and guess what it will do. The authors used the VOSviewer package and Scopus analytics for the bibliometric study. A total of 380 manuscripts, written by 159 authors, were taken out. Much study is being done on particle size, quantity, bioaccumulation, and environmental and community effects. Rillig, M.C., Das Berlin-Brandenburgisches Institut für Biodiversitatsforschung, Germany, is thought to be the most productive and often-cited researcher. The Ministry of Education China is the most essential printing house. China is the leader in terms of the number of papers and study partnerships. It is best to look at the International Journal of Pharmaceutics.

This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Apis mellifera, commonly referred to as the Western honey bee. The present study aims to examine the genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary history of a species of insect that holds economic significance. This study elucidates the genetic determinants that impact the adaptive capacity, behavioral patterns, and overall well-being of honey bees through the examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences derived from diverse honey bee populations across the globe. Furthermore, this study examines the potential implications of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) research on various aspects of beekeeping practices, conservation initiatives, and the comprehension of honey bee biology. This paper serves as a significant asset for researchers, beekeepers, and conservationists with a keen interest in exploring the genetic characteristics of Apis mellifera

This paper presents a bibliographical analysis of scientific research on cotton-picking machinery, focusing on countries, years, authors, and publishers involved in this field. The study utilizes materials from the Scopus database, describing the sequence of analyses and presenting the results through graphs and histograms. Cotton is a crucial product for human life, and its ecologically clean demand is increasing yearly. Traditional cotton growing remains relevant in Uzbekistan, where cotton picking by machine is essential due to labor-intensive and expensive manual methods. The international cotton industry actively participates in creating and using cotton-picking machines, with more than 90 countries growing cotton on 32 million hectares, including Uzbekistan’s 1.07 million hectares. Since the 1970s, the USA and Uzbekistan have been the primary countries improving cotton-picking machines based on scientific and practical research. However, by the 21st century, countries like China, India, Turkey, and Israel have joined this field. This study aims to ensure that cotton-picking machines produced in Uzbekistan meet state standards by analyzing scientific research in this field, studying the advantages and disadvantages of machines from various countries, and staying updated on the latest developments through the Scopus database.

Inulin is a source of fiber that can be used as a functional food. Foods that contain inulin can help overcome health problems such as obesity, colon cancer risk, lower blood sugar levels and reduce insulin resistance. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some research results on inulin content in tubers and their extraction methods. The inulin content in dahlia, gembili, uwi, potato, sweet potato, jicama, onion and garlic tubers are 74%; 15%; 12%; 7%; 13%; 41% and 33%, respectively. Extraction methods used include ethanol:water precipitation, microwave-assisted extraction, hot water extraction and ultrasound. In the future, inulin is expected to contribute to the treatment of digestive-related diseases.

Energy Management Systems (EMS) have become increasingly important in efforts to address global energy challenges, such as increasing energy demand and climate change. EMS can be used to improve energy efficiency; reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and increase energy security. The purpose of the research is to review the latest research progress which focuses on EMS from various sectors based on energy efficiency and renewable energy. This research method involves four steps: selecting the EMS topic, searching for related papers using keywords on Google Scholar; summarizing and categorizing the obtained papers, and creating a table for easy understanding of the collected research; followed by analysis and discussion. As a result, recent research progress on sustainable EMS has been discussed, emphasizing categories like IoT; cloud data; controllers; reinforcement learning; renewable energy sources; energy storage; energy trading; and dashboards. The focus in EMS studies lies on IoT devices; controllers; reinforcement learning; and renewable energy; with less emphasis on energy trading and dashboards. The primary objective is to facilitate energy use tracking for users in various sectors, enabling them to assess efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This review facilitates energy tracking across diverse sectors for users, enabling evaluation of efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

This paper outlines the findings of theoretical investigations into the grain materials grinding process in agriculture, focusing on the particle breakdown occurring at the moving edge of the rotor groove relative to the fixed edge of the stator. The choice of grinding methods is influenced by the processed feed, its intended purpose, the adopted feed preparation technology, and the specific farm animals involved. The study highlights the significant variations in the grinding process due to differences in dimensional characteristics and strength properties of grain materials, which impact the selection of working chamber parameters and operating modes. The paper introduces a hexagonal rotary crusher design and technological scheme, which offers the flexibility to adjust the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the working elements, energy of the process, and grinding quality within a wide range. Further research on the system dynamics requires experimental studies of grain material grinders utilizing diverse destruction methods. This study aims to advance understanding of the grain materials grinding process and optimize feed processing techniques for improved livestock productivity and product quality.

This article explores the important relationship between biodiversity and socio-economic dynamics. Through scientific and theoretical analysis, the author explores the multifaceted impact of biodiversity on various aspects of society and economy. By exploring the complex interplay between ecological systems and human activities, the paper illuminates the profound effects of biodiversity loss or conservation efforts on livelihoods, industry, and global sustainability. In addition, the paper provides valuable insights into potential strategies for enhancing biodiversity conservation while promoting socio-economic development. This comprehensive review contributes greatly to the ongoing debate about the importance of biodiversity conservation for the well-being of present and future generations.

Maintaining the performance of power units of automobile and tractor equipment for a long time is a very urgent task today. In this regard, work is being carried out to develop and master the technology for applying advanced coatings to increase surface hardness. However, the development of coatings that increase wear resistance is inextricably linked with research aimed at studying the properties of the coatings themselves, as well as their impact on the performance of the products themselves. To ensure long-term and trouble-free operation of units with friction pairs, not only advanced coatings are used, but also methods for applying special microrelief, protective materials and lubricants. Many scientific schools are working on solving the problem of increasing resources. Each approach involves testing and calculations. This paper shows the effect of ceramic coating on the service life of the crankshaft of a KamAZ vehicle engine. This paper examines the possibility of using a ceramic coating as a means of protecting the crankshaft journals from wear. Data from studies on increasing the service life of friction pairs are presented. Dependencies that characterize the wear rate are presented. A fragment of a method for calculating crankshaft deformations caused by residual stresses is proposed.

This paper explores the selection of high-yielding potato varieties suitable for various soil and climatic conditions, the use of modern scientific technologies in their cultivation, the current state and significance of potato cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the importance of employing specific techniques such as a motoblock for potato cultivation in homesteads or small farms. The paper also presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies conducted on the study of the grinding angle of the cultivator softener paw. The research findings suggest that the optimal grinding angle for the vegetable cultivator softener claw should be within the range of 25º-30º, ensuring the necessary soil quality and minimal resistance of the working body. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate potato varieties and utilizing modern scientific technologies for successful potato cultivation in Uzbekistan.

The production of alternative fuels is a promising direction in the development of energy. Nowadays, in science the technology of heat treatment of various materials, including household solid waste is used. In order to obtain an alternative type of fuel from waste, the technology of heat treatment of raw materials without access to oxygen – thermolysis is used. Under the influence of low temperatures (400–500ºС) and without access to oxygen, the material decomposes into several components: water, gas, fuel oil and dark heating oil. To ensure the correct operation of such a line, it is required to supply finely divided raw materials to form the required plug in the loading zone from raw materials. Moreover, raw material should not be homogeneous. It is known that a mixture of rubber and paper gives cleaner results during heat treatment. To ensure proper operation and obtain the desired mixed raw materials, a rotary centrifugal unit with a complex dynamic effect on the material was developed. Calculations and studies showed that such a grinder design is capable of qualitatively grinding raw materials and mixing it in the right proportions. Small dimensions and a design solution in the form of a single rotor with several mechanisms of action on the material allow reducing energy consumption for grinding. The practical value of the paper is in the creation of an improved design of a rotary centrifugal unit on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. It increases the productivity and quality of the resulting mixture. The results of the study can be used in the industry of waste processing plants.