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This paper presents a comparison of numerical modelling of the behaviour of reinforcements in the form of stone columns in very soft clay. The simulation is run using the software finite elements Plaxis, first in 2D, then in 3D. We are particularly interested in taking into account the application of the columns in modelling. Indeed, in practice, due to the expansion of the column, the ground in its close vicinity undergoes a lateral compaction and the horizontal stresses are increased. This lateral expansion of the stone column can be simulated numerically, with the values of volume deformation which correspond to those observed in practice, and which can be connected with those usually adopted for the ratio between the modulus of the column and the reinforced ground, It is shown that this expansion induces a significant decrease in the stone columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the application of a multiphase model, developed in the context of the yield design theory, to the stability analysis of a reinforced earth retaining wall. The main feature of such a model is to combine the advantage of the homogenization approach, in terms of short computational time, with the ability to account for a lack of the adherence of soil to reinforcements, which may have a decisive influence on the stability of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a laboratory and in situ study on the improvement of lateral friction along inclusions embedded in fine grained soils. Several soil-inclusion interfaces are considered and characterised by direct shear at constant normal stress and at constant normal stiffness, between silt and concrete/silica sand/silica sand + geotextile/silica sand + metallic grid. The performances of metric inclusions arc measured by pull-out tests, compared and simply modelled. Taking advantage of the dilatancy of sand, properly managed, is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]