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In this article, the properties and working methods of the tools and machines for wood carving are analyzed, starting with the simplest and primitive tools for processing materials up to the most complex machines. Wood is one of the oldest materials practiced in sculpture, and the following traditional tools are used for its processing: chisels, hammers, saws, abrasives. Along with the development of the industrial era, tools and machines for processing materials also developed. Therefore, it is found that the use of both traditional and modern utensils provides an opportunity to bring out the shape, texture, color and beauty of the sculpture. The working tools chosen by the artist, whether simple or complex, depend on the material used to make the work. This dependence has contributed to the development and modernisation tools and machinery for processing the materials used in sculpture, with the discovery and increasing knowledge of the ideational value offered by the material, be it clay, wood, stone, metal or unconventional materials.

Tree wood is a natural material that is one of the oldest materials used by the artists of many ancient civilizations, as well as by the sculptors of modern and contemporary arts. In this research, the researcher relied on the natural color of wood, each with its own characteristics. He chose the wood blocks, each by its nature in terms of porosity, color, and different sectors, and tried to employ them to serve the subject of the research. The research, despite the difference in formations between vertical and horizontal, the researcher incited to achieve unity in the artistic work where the use of one raw material and one artistic processors, and he also used the technique of direct carving on wood, with the requirements of each stage of machines

This study aims to determine the value of wood and the share of household income allocated to wood consumption expenses in the mangrove areas of RAMSAR sites 1017 and 1018 in Benin, with a view to better planning reforestation programs in the peripheral areas of RAMSAR sites and reducing pressure on natural forests. Surveys were carried out among 1,060 stakeholders from various trades involved in wood processing (heads of households, housewives, food vendors, firewood collectors and retailers, charcoal manufacturers and retailers, loggers, carpenters and sawyers) in the mangrove areas of the two sites. The results showed that a household spends an average 18 446 Fcfa/year on timber consumption, 8 311 Fcfa/year on service wood, 110 230 Fcfa/year on firewood and 30 295 Fcfa/year on charcoal at RAMSAR site 1017. At site 1018, average expenditure per household is 33,938 CFA francs per year for timber, 17,700 CFA francs per year for service wood, 94,535 CFA francs per year for firewood and 24,090 CFA francs per year for charcoal. The study suggests developing a policy of planting the species used for wood and promoting less costly sources of energy for households.

This article discusses the creative posture of dancer mask makers in Malang of East Java Province. The ethnographic approach is chosen as a research method to obtain a description of the subject of the study. In the analysis process, the data are set into categories and interpreted. The result of the research shows that the creative process behind mask-making involves several stages. The first stage is wiwit, the building of commitment to maskmaking. The second stage is mbakali, the drafting of the mask. The third stage is maesi, the carving of face and crown shapes on the mask. Finally, the fourth stage is telasan, the finishing of the mask. The mask-making is a creative posture shown by artisans to produce artwork to be used as dance equipment in a mask puppet show. The Malang mask artisans do not differ from wooden mask artisans in other regions in terms of materials and technique. Their maskmaking process similarly involves wood as raw material, a knife as a carving tool, and slivering technique. Their mask-making skills are mostly inherited. The artisans surprisingly do not get their skills from internships but from watching, giving attention, and imitating other artisans. The creative posture is always based on local wisdom and orienting toward local spiritual beliefs. The effect of local spirituality can be found in material selection, carving techniques, and coloring patterns. The experience of mask artisans in putting local spirituality into the mask-making process needs to be reviewed.

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Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Researches is the property of Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research dealt with the organic Islamic decorative units, and how the Muslim artist reached the highest degree of perfection in the architectural decoration and what was influenced by it in his various decorative arts in the Islamic eras, beginning with the Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid and owned ... etc. They are not just shapes, they are forms that have a symbolic function, This is what the artist sought in terms of the monotheistic belief, and also dealt with the Islamic character and the decorative arts in the modification of the decorative elements and the reasons for the modification that the Muslim artist turned to, and the identification of the performance methods that took place during the Islamic eras, and the clarification of the distinctive features and artistic and aesthetic values of the wooden decorative tapes in those ages The various artistic methods used in forming and processing them, and the decorative elements that were used to decorate and beautify the surfaces of the strips in the woodwork. And the Islamic cultural contact with the civilization of the Romanian Christian state by Byzantine, and this is one of the factors affecting the emergence and development of Islamic motifs, and the expansion of the Islamic empire, which extends from the Arabian Peninsula and moved to the Levant and Iraq and to the countries of East Asia, the countries of Asia Minor, the countries of North Africa, and the interest in the Muslim rulers With the arts of the countries they entered, and the social events that arose out of the new religion, namely the economic and scientific life, trade and stability that prevail in the country, this is what leads to the emergence of arts, and the emergence of Islamic art schools in different political roles and eras such as(The Amiriya, Abbasid, Egyptian, Iranian, Turkish, and Andalusian schools), and these schools have their own style and can be influenced by other schools, and the design and implementation of some of the woodwork that are compatible with our present and our needs, and keep pace with the nature of the era, in addition to it bearing the features of our Egyptianity The prestigious, inspired by the authentic Islamic art.

A doll made of wood found in Alba Fucens (IT) is now preserved in the reserves of the Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle arti e Paesaggio per le province di Chieti e Pescara, Museo Paludi in Celano (L’Aquila). Its study was carried out within the framework of the research project led by the University of Fribourg “Greek and Roman articulated dolls (10th century BC/7th century AD). Archaeological and anthropological approaches”. The doll has been exceptionally preserved due to the damp conditions of the soil. This object confirms that, in addition to the widely documented ivory and bone roman dolls, wooden pupae were also used. The hairstyle on the doll’s head is a very schematized rendering of a type of hairstyle adopted in an advanced stage of the age of the emperors of the Severan dynasty and documented on the portraits of some women of the family. It is therefore possible to propose for the doll a dating to the first decades of the 3rd century AD.

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extractive activity is not limited to mining; it also occurs in the other forms of large-scale landscape destruction, including the deforestation involved in extensive infrastructure projects. Yet while resistance to activities such as fracking and coal mining has been intensively investigated within the extractivism debate under the collective term ‘contested extractivism’, resistance to the extraction of renewable parts of nature such as woodland has, by comparison, been somewhat neglected. Likewise, the academic debate has focused mostly on case studies from the global South. We argue that opposition to the felling of more than 85 hectares of woodland in the Forest of Dannenrod (Germany) for the construction of a highway is an example of contested extractivism in the global North. We portray the protest as a clash between extractivist and anti-extractivist notions in Europe, the latter partly transitioning into post-extractivist imaginaries. And although the area was felled in 2020, we argue that this opposition marked a turning point for the German environmental justice movement and sparked a national debate, despite persistent support mechanisms for wood extraction and negative media reports.

Wood is a material with anisotropic elastic properties at the macroscale. In the present work, a sample made of Beninise teak was subjected to in situ torsion. Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) analyses were run at the mesoscale to measure displacement fields. The corresponding strain fields were obtained at the same scale in addition to the gray level residuals at the voxel scale. The out-of-plane shear modulus could be calibrated at the macroscale and was in good agreement with earlier results of the coauthors (MCH and CAK). The ultimate shear strength was also assessed at the same scale. Last, damage was detected and quantified at the mesoscale thanks to strain fields and at the microscale via gray level residual fields.

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The Dialium of the Guinean-Congolese region. A review Introduction. The present study provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the genus Dialium (Fabaceae, Dialioideae), focusing on the species of the Guinean-Congolese region. In particular, it examines the possibility of sustainably using the wood and sawing co-products of Dialium species in order to reduce the pressure on other hardwood species whose populations are declining. Literature. Although there is no consensus among botanists, the Dialium genus is known to include 44 species, 22 of which are endemic to the Guinean-Congolese region. The differences between species are sometimes tenuous, and descriptions are based on a limited number of individuals. Species living in rainforests have balanced population structures. Apart from their mode of dispersal, which is zoochorous, ecological knowledge of Dialium species is very incomplete. The lack of data on population dynamics is particularly problematic in the context of sustainable forest management. The physical, mechanical and biochemical properties of the wood of these plants have only been characterized for a limited number of species. Conclusions. By proposing a key for determining the Dialium species of the Guinean-Congolese region, this article has attempted to clarify the taxonomy, while raising the need for further genetic studies. In Central Africa, some species of the genus Dialium are locally abundant and seem to regenerate well. They offer many prospects for development because their wood is very durable and could contain molecules of interest. Future research should focus primarily on the demographic dynamics of these species and the properties of their wood.

In the Bourvallais hotel, headquarters of the French Ministry of Justice for more than 300 years, there are several pieces of furniture classified as “historic monuments”. Among them, there is a remarkable set of 33 mahogany seats with bronze, probably dating from the Bourbon Restoration, characterized by their protomes with lion heads and clawed feet. After years of preparation and waiting, these seats are now undergoing a complete restoration programme. At the end of this study, lacks still remain on the history of the furniture with lion heads from the Ministry of Justice: the conditions of order and arrival at the Bourvallais hotel are not certain, nor the identity of the author. But the information collected in the archives attests to the importance of this first-rate ensemble, from the end of the 1820s. It is not just one of several pieces of furniture, but the main ceremonial ensemble from the Chancellery hotel. After a period of relative oblivion under the French Third Republic, the furniture with lion heads finds its initial vocation of prestige representation in a new setting, the Empire living room, which takes over the function of the hotel's formal living room. The fact that the furniture is still in use must be taken into account in the choice of the upholstery: the choice of a crimson silk embroidered with golden patterns was a compromise, but established on historically documented models. Likewise, the padding was carried out according to the old methods. As for the restoration of the woods, it was done according to heritage restoration standards, aiming at the maximum conservation of old materials.

Copyright of Matériaux et Techniques is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Description of the subject. In Europe, the heat treatment of native wood species is gradually becoming an industrial reality. It provides a promising alternative to both the use of naturally durable, essentially tropical woods and the use of chemical preservative treatments based on biocides. Objectives. The aim of this study is to quantify the effect of heat treatment on the physico-mechanical and decay resistance properties of three native hardwood species (oak, ash, beech + steamed beech). Method. The wood was heat-treated in accordance with the Besson® process. The standard physical and mechanical tests including hardness, modulus of elasticity in static bending, static bending, axial compression, splitting and impact bending strengths, have been performed on 15 treated and 15 control associated samples for each species. The standard durability test on fungi exposed 60 treated and 60 control samples to each fungus. Results. The results show a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content and an increase in dimensional stability of heat-treated wood for the three species studied. The modulus of elasticity, hardness and axial compression strength increase slightly after the heat treatment, while static and impact bending strength and splitting strength may considerably decrease. The fungal durability of oak heartwood and ash increased until class 1, beech and steamed beech until class 3. Conclusions. The global approach of this study allows a complete and precise characterization of the technological properties of three native hardwood species after heat treatment. New uses of these native species can thus be explored.

The research dealt with a problem that is considered one of the most important problems of university education in some countries, which is linking theoretical aspects to the executive and actual application side, and the research tried to activate this system to integrate with all its requirements to achieve the basic goal of the educational process. The absence of students from practicing the profession in its executive field loses them the link between what they study in theory and did not see it in practice, including technology in all its definitions of materials, processes, structures and many procedures for implementation and application. Therefore, the research sought to activate that issue and try to apply it effectively with students of internal design, as it is a practical specialisation and from the basis of specialisation practical training, hence the importance of research that calls for the necessity of integration between the theoretical side and the applied side, and to identify technological aspects through implementation and to experience the atmosphere of practicing the process by going through an applied experience in which students participate. And through what was new to the nature of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from a cultural and social change, and entering the entertainment side of social life, as well as the spread and expansion of public parks, these developments were exploited and the executive project was presented to students, taking the scientific stages that included the theoretical side and the applied aspects of completing and implementing the project, and reaching the basics and requirements of the curriculum that raise students’ capabilities and skills in the technical side through follow-up and actual practice in the work environment and executive implementation.

This article addresses the royal forests in Portugal during the Union of Crowns within the field of environmental political history. Firstly, it sheds light upon the royal forests by looking at the forestry legislation issued from 15th to 17th centuries. Secondly, it aims to contribute to the deforestation debate during the kingships of Philip II and III of Portugal that resulted from imperial demands. During these kingships the deforestation was deployed as a founding concept both to justify and to discredit the drastic forestry policies taken by the crown, which pursued to reduce, rationalize and protect the woodlands. In this article it is used the term “administrative deforestation” as the measures adopted by the Spanish Monarchy were more likely due to a political-administrative crisis of the Portuguese crown rather to a critical shrinking of the royal forests because of shipbuilding.

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fishweirs correspond to a primordial phase of the exploitation of natural resources: the one about shallow aquatic environments. Leaving important remains on the seashore, this universal technique lead to the rising of real archaeological approaches only over the past two decades.Fishweirs have emerged in the pre-agricultural societies of North America and Australia. They are now well attested in Europe, particularly by the corpus of Danish and Irish submerged mesolithic sites. It's very likely that, for these periods, these fishweirs were associated to early forms of social complexity. The low coasts of the Northern half of Europe supplied a rich corpus of medieval and modern fishweirs.The french atlantic seashore is rich in remains of ancient coastal fishweirs, from Charentes to norman coasts with an estimation of 1,600 sites. This knowledge has developed since 2006 on the coasts of Britanny and Normandy by the mean of systematic surveys and excavations. In the Mont-Saint-Michel, the excellent conservation of the remains and the complexity of the fishing sites, which used wood and stones, continue to amaze us.Particular issues about these fishweirs are discussed here: the scarcity of their figurative representations, the importance of their legal status since the Middle Age, the close links with the farming world, the scarcity of archaeological objects. The article refers also to the existence of very broad trapping sites in the tropical zone, in conjunction with the “kites” used to catch wild fauna.

Two recent preventive excavations carried out in the centre of Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme) allowed to study the evolution of districts located in the outskirts of Augustonemetum, during the Early Roman Empire. The humidity of the ground ensured the conservation of many timbers and allows to understand the place of this material in the urban architecture of the chief town of Arverni’s territory. The diversity of observed spaces and the variety of contexts (hostel, domus, craft workshops, place of worship) offer a first approach of the construction techniques, on the one hand thanks to the analysis of the various types of assemblages employed and of architectural devices, and, on the other hand, through the study of the strategies of supply and of management of wooden resources.

Several scholars have established that the use of wood as structural element in Minoan palatial architecture increased during the Neopalatial period. The voids corresponding to timber elements, intertwined with the role of wood in the “Minoan halls” of monumental buildings are now better understood. We investigated the traces of wood in the architecture of two buildings in the Minoan town of Malia in order to assess the widespread use of a timber frame in the masonry. Our study in two different types of houses shows that the reinforcement of walls by a timber system was limited to occasional needs, while the autonomous wooden supports are more frequent even in the more modest building. It is an indication that the Maliote builders didn’t develop systematic anti-seismic construction techniques based on wood. The uses of wood seem to concern predominantly the elite buildings, reflecting the importance of this material in the new architectural vocabulary which may have been driven from Knossos from the Middle Minoan III.

Buildings with central supporting posts are often considered as a unique architectural type. On the contrary, the excavations of recent decades have shown the existence of a wide variety of plans. Five main types can be highlighted. They are based on several criteria: the presence or absence of the wall trench, its shape, particularly at the corners, but also the existence of peripheral supporting posts, or the distance of the wall from the central posts. These characteristics lead to two very different architectural designs in terms of statics: in one case, the vast majority of the weight of the structure is based on the single supporting structure of four or six posts; in the other, the weight is distributed between the internal posts and the wall, which can be supported on a sill beam or on peripheral supporting posts.

Wood plays a key role in the domestic architecture in Gaul. However this material remains poorly known as it is more often perceived by traces and vacuum in mudbrick or concrete architecture. In 2017 at the “Bourg”, in Saint-Colombe, archaeologists discovered a vast economic complex destroyed by fire nearly 69 AD. The exceptional conservation state permitted to remove 81 carbonized wood samples used for walls, frameworks, hydraulic networks, but also in the fittings of the tabernae. Those elements offer the possibility of analyzing the significance of wood in Colonia Vienna.

Understanding tool markings (traceology) on wood enables an analysis of the technical gestures of woodcutters and carpenters, which in turn allows for the identification of the physical movements made by the craftspeople during the manufacturing process. This article aims to lay the foundations for a methodology to analyse tool markings (traceology) from the Middle Ages through the comparison of archaeological and experimental markings. Such an analysis will lead to improved knowledge about woodcutters and carpenters from the era, as well as a deeper understanding of their gestures and techniques. Thus, revealing details about the tools they used, their levels of expertise and universal techniques. Across scientific study, the clarification of terms allows a precise and shared understanding of concepts and words. This holds true for the categorisation of physical markings on wood, for example: cupules/cup markings, torn grain, cross cut markings, gouging, chipping and so on. Such a typology makes it possible to identify characteristics that can be generalized and then used to establish a database of recorded makings according to their different, and shared, characteristics. When creating such a database it is necessary to examine how researchers record the markings on both the archaeological and the experimental sites. In addition to discussion around the methodology and findings, a methodology specific to the experimental sites is outlined. In order to make the overall methodology more tangible, examples of the links between the archaeological and the experimental data are presented.

La valorisation des matériaux locaux, les économies d’énergie et la construction des habitats sociaux sont au centre des préoccupations dans les pays en voie de développement à l'instar du Cameroun. L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer les conditions climatiques qui règnent dans un local avec enveloppe en bois essence Iroko. L’étude est faite à travers un local expérimental construit à Douala. Une série de mesures sur une période de tris (03) mois a été effectuée en utilisant un thermo hygromètre Log 32TH d’une part et d’un système d’acquisition de données utilisant des capteurs DTH22 et une carte Arduino d’autre part. Les données recueillies sont traitées dans Matlab 8.1. Les résultats obtenus montrent un réel déphasage entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de l'enveloppe en bois de l’ordre de 3 °C pour une chute du taux d’humidité relative de 15 à 20 %. Les valeurs obtenues à l’intérieur sont proches des conditions de confort optimal recommandées en ambiance non climatisée dans la ville de Douala. On conclut que le matériau de construction choisi convient en ambiance chaude.

Romanesque polychromed wooden imagery in the Iberian Peninsula (12th-13th centuries) stands both as a valuable and complex heritage. Apart from some general lines that determine compositional and symbolic features, the local context, the liturgy, the artists or workshops and the influence of some prestigious models have created a highly attractive scenario. It is important to note that some statues that are preserved separately today may well be, from a broader perspective, part of larger ensembles of liturgical furniture. At the same time, the number of studies on technical and material aspects involving interdisciplinary work has increased. One of the questions that concern scholars the most is the spread of typology and stylistic trends. The influence of metal and precious metal works on tempered polychromed must be assessed. Other times, the spread of modalities confined to an area might well obey cult and pilgrimage reasons. Not all works, however, strictly follow one modality or another. Another hypothesis deals with the importation of some objects.

The greatest interest of researchers is focused on the processes of heat treatment of wood, taking place in an airless environment at temperatures of 180-250 °C, since heat treatment of wood allows increasing its moisture resistance, reduce hygroscopicity, and increase resistance to decay. However, a decrease in the hygroscopicity of wood adversely affects the process of obtaining glued materials due to a decrease in the wettability of thermowood surface and, as a consequence, a decrease in adhesion characteristics. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of ozone on the surface of thermally modified wood to increase the adhesive properties during gluing. It has been determined that the ozonation contributes to an increase in the wettability of the surface layer of thermal wood by more than 15% due to the reactivity of ozone to oxidize and degrade ligno-containing products of wood. It was revealed that the modification of wood, including preliminary volumetric heat treatment followed by surface treatment with ozone, causes an increase in the strength of the glue line when operated in high humidity conditions. In connection with the results obtained, an improved technology for the production of glued load-bearing structures for wooden housing construction is proposed.

Polymers and associated composite materials play an increasingly prominent role among structural materials. The relevance of the use of bioplastics as an alternative to synthetic polymers increases year by year. In this regard, the paper describes the production of a ligno-filled polymer material based on polyhydroxyalkanoates to be used in the production of building materials. The studies allowed us to produce the material from wood hydrolyzates. The highest yield of reducing substances in course of pine sawdust hydrolysis with 4% sulfurous acid occurred at 170°C. To obtain a biopolymer in liquid wood hydrolyzate medium, the Cupriavidus necator strain was used, which after 50 hours of cultivation gave a biopolymer yield of up to 15 g/l. The studies of the strength characteristics of the composite based on the obtained bioplastic and dried solid wood hydrolysates allowed us to produce a balanced composition for subsequent use in construction.

The article presents a report on the excavation and the study of the wreck of a passenger boat in a river in France. Topics discussed here include the excavation campaigns carried out on this wreck, multiple extractions of wood of all types and of all sizes, and use of wood in naval constructions in the French river.

Stylistic changes in a sculptor’s oeuvre are simultaneously a challenge and a cause of dilemmas for researchers. This is particularly true when attempting to identify the early works of a sculptor while the influence of his teacher was still strong. This article focuses on the Venetian sculptor Giovanni Bonazza (Venice, 1654 – Padua, 1736) and attributes to him numerous new works both in marble and in wood, all of which are of uniform, high quality. Bonazza’s teacher was the sculptor Michele Fabris, called l’Ongaro (Bratislava, c.1644 – Venice, 1684), to whom the author of the article attributes a marble statue of Our Lady of the Rosary on the island of San Servolo, in the Venetian lagoon, which has until now been ascribed to Bonazza. The marble bust of Giovanni Arsenio Priuli, the podestat of Koper, is also attributed to the earliest phase of Bonazza’s work; it was set up on the façade of the Praetorian Palace at Koper in 1679. This bust is the earliest known portrait piece sculpted by the twenty-five-year old artist. The marble relief depicting the head of the Virgin, in the hospice of Santa Maria dei Derelitti, ought to be dated to the 1690s. The marble statue of the Virgin and Child located on the garden wall by the Ponte Trevisan bridge in Venice can be recognized as Bonazza’s work from the early years of the eighteenth century and as an important link in the chronological chain of several similar statues he sculpted during his fruitful career. Bonazza is also the sculptor of the marble busts of the young St John and Mary from the library of the monastery of San Lazzaro on the island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni in the Venetian lagoon, but also the bust of Christ from the collection at Castel Thun in the Trentino-Alto Adige region; they can all be dated to the 1710s or the 1720s. The article pays special attention to a masterpiece which has not been identified as the work of Giovanni Bonazza until now: the processional wooden crucifix from the church of Sant’Andrea in Padua, which can be dated to the 1700s and which, therefore, precedes three other wooden crucifixes that have been identified as his. Another work attributed to Bonazza is a large wooden gloriole with clouds, cherubs and a putto, above the altar in the Giustachini chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine at Padua. The article attributes two stone angels and a putto on the attic storey of the high altar in the church of Santa Caterina on the island of Mazzorbo in the Venetian lagoon to Giovanni’s son Francesco Bonazza (Venice, c.1695 – 1770). Finally, Antonio Bonazza (Padua, 1698 – 1763), the most talented and well-known of Giovanni Bonazza’s sons, is identified as the sculptor of the exceptionally beautiful marble tabernacle on the high altar of the parish church at Kali on the island of Ugljan. The sculptures which the author of the article attributes to the Bonazza family and to Giovanni Bonazza’s teacher, l’Ongaro, demonstrate that the oeuvres of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Venetian masters are far from being closed and that we are far from knowing the final the number of their works. Moreover, it has to be said that not much is known about Giovanni’s works in wood which is why every new addition to his oeuvre with regard to this medium is important since it fills the gaps in a complex and stylistically varied production of this great Venetian sculptor

Two recent preventive archaeological excavations carried out in Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme) allowed to study the evolution of districts located in the outskirts of the antique city between the end of the first or the beginning of the second century and the Late Roman Empire. Buildings using for craft or commercial activities are standing close to residential settlements. They take place in marshy areas, on the fringes of the primitive center of the augustean period, that have been invested after important draining works. The control of the rivers crossing the two studied sites was followed by their exploitation. Therefore, water mills have been identified on each site, firstly thanks to the many wooden objects and to the millstones discovered during excavations, secondly thanks to the built remains’ analysis. So, the sites of Fontgiève and of the “Scène nationale” are two new examples of hydraulic installations in an urban context, which allowed to raise the question of the use of the water driving force in craft activities – the mill may not be the only one –, but also the question of the flour supply in antique cities.

This paper presents the restoration of a panel painting with frame of the second half of the XVI century and now preserved at the Abatellis (i.e. Galleria Regionale della Sicilia di Palazzo Abatellis, Palermo, Italy). A careful historical and artistic study as well as a diagnostic analysis preceded the restoration that aimed to re-establish a good reading of the painting. The essay focuses on the possibility to reintegrate a missing element of the frame with materials used in the 3D printing, in order to restore its function of “spatial connection” between the painting and the expositive environment. The result of the experimentation was the design of two elements, printed using reverse engineering and a 3D printer, after testing three types of filaments.

La expansión de la economía castellana a fines del Medievo y, en particular, del mundo empresarial impulsó de manera notable la actividad comercial internacional y regional. En este contexto, la posibilidad de diversificar la inversión en compañías y las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo conformaron dos pilares sobre los que se asienta el auge del comercio y el abastecimiento de productos. Además, la creciente demanda procedente de centros urbanos y el aprovechamiento de las vías de comunicación fluvial terminaron por consolidar determinados negocios como el de la madera, una actividad económica poco conocida de la que pretendemos dar cuenta en este trabajo.The expansion of the Castilian economy at the end of the Middle Ages and in particular the development of business encouraged both international and regional trade. In this context, the possibility to diversify investment in companies and the existence of new forms of labour organization were the two pillars that sustained the growth of commerce and the supply of different products. Moreover, the increasing demand from urban centres and the use of inland waterways consolidated some businesses like the wood trade, a scarcely known activity that will be the focus of this study.

During the period 1600-1700, the first works with parquet elements at Versailles Palace were performed, but the high cost has made that the wooden floor to be an exclusivist product for a long time. Currently, in the last 30 years, the most innovations in flooring industry were aimed to improve the technological process, the easing of work, to reduce the losses of raw materials and to reduce the production costs. The experimental research conducted worldwide has shown that the wood processing technology, up to the flooring finite element, plays an important role in achieving a superior quality and durability and that the finishing systems have to be applied depending on the conditions of the area of use. This paper is a comparative study regarding the physico-mechanical characteristics for five types of wood flooring manufactured and marketed in Romania. In the experimental research, there were analyzed: the behavior of the floor assemblies under linearly distributed and concentrated loads, the thermal insulation characteristics and the slip resistance. The experimental results have shown that these characteristics are influenced by the wood species, the type of product (massive one or subjected to stratification technological processing), the thickness of lamellar flooring elements, and the chosen finishing method (varnishing, oiling).

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Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)