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Emergency departments overcrowding is often attributed to inappropriate use by patients who ought to be treated in primary care. This article challenges this assertion by examining the articulation of medical and social definitions of non-urgent patients within medical and sociological literature, and how they translate into prioritisation, selection and triage criteria. It shows that triage practices, which are necessary for prioritising life-threatening emergencies are not only based on clinical criteria, but also incorporate moral and social considerations which can lead to discrimination and hinder equitable access to care, particularly for the most vulnerable patients., (© 2023 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

Copyright of Natures Sciences Sociétés is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Cet article retrace la prise en charge scientifique, politique et réglementaire des perturbateurs endocriniens entre 1990 et 2019 afin d'expliquer comment ces substances sont passées d'un objet scientifique à une catégorie réglementaire. L'histoire scientifique des perturbateurs endocriniens, l'estimation des coûts qu'ils engendrent et leur responsabilité dans les pathologies humaines modernes font déjà l'objet de nombreux travaux. Nous proposons une approche originale issue d'une étude en sciences sociales s'appuyant sur des entretiens, l'étude d'archives et de documents scientifiques, administratifs et associatifs, en vue de comprendre pourquoi, encore aujourd'hui, la question de la définition et de l'identification des perturbateurs endocriniens fait débat. Ce travail montre que dans les années 1990 l'invention et la diffusion de l'expression « perturbateurs endocriniens » suscitèrent le rassemblement de scientifiques de disciplines différentes (biologistes, écotoxicologues, chimistes, épidémiologistes, endocrinologistes, etc.) en vue de créer une communauté de recherche. C'est au gré des transferts dans les espaces administratifs, politiques et médiatiques que les perturbateurs endocriniens sont devenus une catégorie réglementaire. À partir de leur inscription dans le droit européen en 2009 dans le Règlement (CE) N̊ 1107/2009 concernant la mise sur le marché des produits phytopharmaceutiques, les experts scientifiques, fonctionnaires européens et parties prenantes ont dû élaborer de nouvelles manières de caractériser cette catégorie de substances chimiques. Ne pouvant pas reproduire les modes de gestion classiques reposant sur l'identification d'un effet néfaste comme dans le cadre du règlement relatif à la classification, à l'étiquetage et à l'emballage des substances et des mélanges (par exemple, pour les substances cancérigènes), une identification en trois étapes a été proposée, fondée sur l'identification d'un effet néfaste d'un mode d'action endocrinien et l'établissement d'un lien causal entre le mécanisme et l'effet. This paper retraces the scientific, political, and regulatory history of endocrine disruptors from 1990 through 2019 and explains how they became a regulatory category. Much work has already examined their scientific history, estimates of the costs they generate, and their responsibility for modern human disorders. We propose an original approach derived from the sociology of science, based on interviews and the study of archival and more recent scientific, administrative, and organizational documents to understand why the definition and identification of endocrine disruptors remain a topic of debate even today. This work demonstrates that in the 1990s the invention and diffusion of the term "endocrine disruptors" inspired interaction between scientists from different disciplines (biologists, ecotoxicologists, epidemiologists, and endocrinologists) to create a transdisciplinary research community. Its transfer to the administrative, political, and media areas made these endocrine disruptors into a regulatory category. They entered European law in 2009 with Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market. At that point, scientific experts, European officials, and stakeholders had to develop new ways to characterize this category of chemical substances. The conventional management methods based on the identification of an adverse effect, as in the Regulation on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (for carcinogenic substances, for example), cannot be applied to these chemicals. Accordingly, a three-step identification process has been proposed that requires the identification first of an adverse effect and then of its endocrine mode of action, and finally the establishment of a causal link between the mechanism and the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, more and more employees, whether they are employed by state-owned or private enterprises, readily admit they suffer from stress. Although subjected to both deep and difficult transformations, post office counter clerks do not use the word. A three-year research study with counter clerks of La Poste, led by clinical sociologists from the viewpoint of clinical sociology, invites us to question the notion of stress. To begin, the paper takes the opportunity to clarify the use that a clinical sociologist makes of this English notion usually connected with individual psychology. It then shows in which circumstances the counter clerks, including those who work in offices considered 'calm', are in fact confronted with working conditions that qualify as stressful. Finally, through clinical cases, the paper contests the North American view of stress by showing that it is essentially founded on an individual understanding of this pathology and that it abusively overlooks the collective dimension of work in its account of a real suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to review the definitions and vagueness of the concept of imaginary and symbolic, and to relate its limits and its reach within the research in Communication. The difficulties of the approach in Communication to a notion of course of the sense are addressed. Inherited from the School of Grenoble, this notion underlies the theory of the imaginary. Communication is here considered to be insufficient for the study of the catalysis of imaginaries and the production of symbolic images which are present in communication phenomena. This is due not only to the inadequacy of a process that is described in terms of sender-message-receiver, but especially to the self-evidence of imaginary and symbolic, as expressed in the language, resulting in a reduction of the imaginary to its social symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Civilisations is the property of Institut de Sociologie - ULB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pharmaceutical practice in France is evolving as presented in the legislation reforming hospitals and regarding patients, health and the territories. Hence, the pharmaceutical "territory" has been reconfigured and requires evolving ideas about pharmaceutical training. At the heart of this paper is the following question: What can social sciences bring to pharmaceutical education? Three levels were considered: patients and their social environment, interaction and coordination management among health professionals and political, economical and social drug regulation systems., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The theoretical and methodological works of Sir Karl Popper that have in sight the status, the scope as well as the methods of human sciences/social sciences are still important, outstanding and influential among the specialists. In what concerns the effort carried on by the scientific community in order to build up the human sciences, Popper points out and analyses - beginning with the '40's of the XXth century - some obstacles inherent to these sciences that appear in the very process of their "construction". According to their nature, a demarcation has been introduced (by A. Boyer) between the so-called "epistemological obstacles" and "real obstacles" that threaten the "house" of humanities. Our paper proposes, on Popperian basis, a critical analysis of the "epistemological obstacles", especially having in sight the scientism, the essentialism and the positivism from the point of view of the challenges of the knowledge society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper on pluralism from an intercultural epistemology perspective is presented. It discusses the problem with moral pluralism and the relationship between moral pluralism and cultural pluralism and presents several arguments in favor of cultural pluralism including the recognition, ontology, and utility of plurality. The four conditions to establish an intercultural epistemology including perspectivism, relativity of the truth, and epistemological and axiological agnosticism are also mentioned.

A conference paper on the political and legal aspects of laicism in Québec and France is presented. It defines the concept of laicism, comments on the separation of Church and State, and discusses the fear of communitarianism, the erosion of common values, and the threat to democracy. Additional topics include liberty of conscience and equality, reasonable accommodation and State neutrality, and the contributions of religions to social tolerance.

A conference paper on the evolution of laicism in Québec from 1760 to circa 2012 and the teaching of laicism in Québec's public schools is presented. It discusses Québec's transition from a clerical to a secular historiography after 1947 and the influence of the Catholic Church. Further topics include the founding of the Mouvement laïque de langue française (MLF), or the French language secularism movement, in April 1961, the emancipation of women, and the involvement of the Québec government.

A conference paper reflecting on the legislative bill for a secularism charter in Québec initiated by the political party Parti Québécois (PQ) is presented. It offers four reasons speaking against the need for such as charter. Further discussions include political philosophy, the separation between the State and the Catholic Church, the PQ's argument for such a charter, the concern over a hierarchy of fundamental rights, and the wearing of religious symbols by public employees.

A conference paper analyzing the history of the relationship between families and politics in Québec is presented. It discusses the six types of family structures according to French demographer Emmanuel Todd, including the egalitarian nuclear family, and the British Empire's differentialist colonial philosophy compared to the French Empire's universalist and assimilation philosophy. The political differences between Québec's Montréal and Québec regions are also noted.

A conference paper comparing liberal multiculturalism and republican multiculturalism is presented. It comments on pluralism and multiculturalism and presents liberal, republican, and communitarian criticisms on multiculturalism. The interculturalist model in the Bouchard-Taylor report, which was written by Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor and sociologist Gérard Bouchard in 2008 and concerns reasonable accommodations with regard to cultural differences in Québec is also discussed.

Copyright of Journal of Human Mediated Interactions / Revue des Interactions Humaines Médiatisées (RIHM) is the property of Europia Productions and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Civilisations is the property of Institut de Sociologie - ULB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papel Político is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Along with the emergence of the "sustainable city" concept, urban issues are assuming increasing importance in research and debates relating to the environment. In order to contribute to reflection on achievements and interdisciplinary research perspectives, this paper proposes a retrospective and prospective account of city and urban analyses conducted in the journal Natures Sciences Sociétés. Based on the corpus of writings published in the journal since its inception, the author develops a critical analysis around five themes: urban nuisances and the quality of the urban living environment; local pollution and heritage management of urban living environment; urban atmospheric pollution and human health; urban ecology and nature in the city; from urban ecology to the sustainable city. The paper then shows the contribution made by these articles and considerations in the development of an interdisciplinary perspective to investigate the relationship that people have with nature. This analysis highlights the heuristic potential offered by the broadening of problematics and the decompartmentalization of approaches as well as the conceptual, methodological, and epistemological difficulties and stumbling blocks of interdisciplinary approaches that link natural sciences and social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Sartre's philosophy as a starting point, our paper is deliberately both theoretical and action oriented. It aims to promote a way to develop the adequate scientific practices which the sustainable development utopia requires. To this end, it is written as a manifesto designed to stimulate debates and controversies. Following a critical review of all that is being said and done in the name of sustainable development in the political sphere as well as in the relationships social sciences entertain with the political sphere, this paper is a call to consider rigorously the difficulties and even the impossibilities of moving "from the utopia to the concepts". Introducing and articulating the almost contradictory dimensions of sustainability in real urban territories demands that a relevant method be developed to investigate this complex object. We propose the concept of "socially sustainable milieu" to try and reach this objective which requires the interdisciplinary linking of physical and social sciences. GIS and modelling need to be associated with anthropological methods. Most of all, the paper underscores the need to set "inhabitants" at the heart of the scientific project, thus reversing the usual focus and starting with an investigation of the way each individual reconciles the "three pillars" of sustainable development and builds his/her relationship with sustainable urban milieus. This may help rise above the still top-down views of governance, thus enabling scientists to contribute to developing the political sustainable utopia in real sites and situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presents an introduction to papers related to sociology that appeared in the 2005 issue of the journal "Social Compass."

This article provides an illustration of the combined contributions of social sciences and nursing in the development and application of knowledge. More specifically, the article presents a discussion of the respect ive contributions of the social sciences and nursing in the development of knowledge about the stress-coping paradigm. First, the significant role of the social sciences in initially developing the concepts of stress and coping if revealed through a review of different research perspectives considered to date, most notably in sociology and social psychology . After presenting some key markers in the development of nursing as a professional discipline, this paper illustrates how work developed through multidisciplinary efforts in the area of social sciences is pertinent to the development of theory, empirical research and the practice of nursing. The singular contribution of nursing to the development of knowledge in stress-coping is emphasized. The author concludes by noting that the discipline of nursing is somewhat similar to social sciences and sha res some common interests, notably with regard to phenomena such as reac tion to stress.

Immunology gained legitimacy when it became the science of the immune system, a definition that announced the existence of a previously unknown body function. The very concept of immune system goes beyond the biological, offering opportunities for a renewed dialogue between biological science and the human sciences. This paper discusses the manifold viewpoints regarding the immune system.

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Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The crisis of rational thought makes it necessary to consider other forms of thought. This paper propounds a transdisciplinary outlook that will initiate a dialogue among sciences, namely, between the two branches of knowledge: social and human sciences, on the one hand, and hardcore and natural sciences, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents abstracts on social science research including the emergence of interdisciplinarity in academic education and research, existence of knowledge or disciplines that are fundamental in interdisciplinarity and the methodological foundation between post-modern cultures and social and natural sciences.

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Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Primequal research program, aimed at studying air quality at the local scale, was initiated in 1995 by the Ministry in charge of the Environment and by ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency). Designed as a multidisciplinary program, it centered chiefly on the physico-chemical and sanitary aspects of air pollution. Human and social sciences, though regularly invited to participate in the program, have remained little involved. To overcome this problem, a special call for research wholly dedicated to the field was set up in 2004. Eight projects, whose results are briefly summarized and discussed in this paper, were funded. For the authors, one of the main findings of this research is the remaining gap, due to poor governance, between the institutional approach to air quality based on monitoring and administrative overseeing and the population's lack of grasp and involvement regarding an issue to which they are, however, highly sensitive and whose sanitary implications they are strongly aware of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using professional knowledge in building scientific knowledge; a comparative analysis of several case studies. This paper results from cross-disciplinary reflection by social and biotechnical researchers engaged in surveys with experts from the agriculture and nature spheres: farmers: technical advisors, managers of nature conservation programmes and biologists. The purpose was to analyse the way professional knowledge is used by researchers to enrich their body of scientific knowledge. How professional knowledge is used depends in part on each scientific discipline, but far more on the final research aims. We first identified three ideotypes based on whether professional knowledge is used (1) in a comprehensive way to understand its origins, (2) to build new biological knowledge complementary to the one produced on an experimental basis, or (3) to build operational knowledge to help professionals manage their problems. A cross-analysis of the survey methods used then led to discussing the nature of the scientific knowledge developed from professional knowledge and the innovative potential of such surveys. Finally the heuristic potential of surveys is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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