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The growing interest in social protection in the interdisciplinary field of development studies presents new challenges and opportunities. However, to respond effectively, development specialists need to be aware of the extensive research undertaken over many years in the interdisciplinary field of social policy. Social protection describes all public and private initiatives that provide income or consumption transfers to the poor, protect the vulnerable against livelihood risks, and improve the social status and rights of the marginalized. This article outlines the origins of social protection systems and the historical development of social protection around the world, from primitive techniques to contemporary models of social protection.

The purpose of the research topic is to conduct an in-depth study of the issues related to integrity and its protection in insurance relations and to identify legal and practical problems that arise in non-compliance with this principle. Consequently, the goal of the topic is to analyze the mentioned problematic issues, highlight them, and subsequently propose potential solutions and recommendations for the benefit of readers.1 Integrity is the principle of civil turnover, therefore its solidity and stability depend on the integrity of the participants in civil turnover. “Integrity is not only a right but also an assumption of fulfilling a duty, because integrity implies the action of the participants of the civil turnover with consideration and responsibility, treating each other with respect for the rights”;2 Consequently, since the insurance contract is a type of civil contract, it is natural that the obligation to protect integrity is also essential in relation to it;3 Nonetheless, I believe that in the case of insurance, protection of integrity acquires an even wider meaning and implication. This is because the fundamental principle and core of insurance contracts is based on the supreme trust between the involved parties. Consequently, if the contracting parties fail to uphold the principle of integrity, it could cast doubt on the existence of the insurance.

Takaful insurance companies are distinguished by their significant importance and ultimate objectives through the services they provide to traders and investors for the purpose of providing safety from losses or risks that appear during their various business. This type of insurance is considered one of the most important and widespread ones because what it gives to the parties participating in it in terms of spreading the spirit of cooperation and solidarity among them in a permissible way, away from usury, which is forbidden in Islamic law. Iraq's experience in this field is recent because the Central Bank approved in 2019 the establishment of a Takaful company among a group of licensed Islamic banks in Iraq, which requires shedding light on it to clarify its importance and the objectives that it wants to achieve in order to reach its success in the commercial and investment reality.

This work aims to present the solvency system currently in the insurance sector in Algeria, more precisely the Solvency I Directive. To identify the shortcomings and limitations of the prudential regulation and finally, to offer recommendations necessary to ensure the development of the activity of insurance in Algeria, and consequently the economy in general. Thus, to present the transition from the Solvency I prudential standard to the Solvency II prudential standard, which was implemented on the insurance market in Europe on January 01, 2016. Finally, the Algerian regulation cannot stay away from international reforms, including the Solvency II standard; it must adapt his system to comply with these standards.

Healthcare fraud is the deliberate misrepresentation of the healthcare industry for the purpose of obtaining unjustified financial gain. There are many different types of healthcare fraud, which can influence patients, healthcare professionals, insurers, and government programmes, such as Billing Fraud, Kickbacks and Bribes, Prescription Fraud, False Claims, Provider Licensing Fraud etc...Healthcare insurance fraud is a severe problem that has an impact on everyone's access to affordable healthcare. Topic modelling can play a role in addressing healthcare insurance fraud by assisting in the detection, analysis, and prevention of fraudulent activities. Overall, the public benefits from healthcare insurance fraud detection because it supports equitable, open, and effective healthcare systems.

This article aims to present the novelties brought to the accounting of insurance and reinsurance organizations in Algeria, and this, within the framework of the new regulations enacted by the Notice N ° 89 of the CNC, of March 10, 2011. The most significant change is the removal of the concept "Technical debts" which have been replaced by class 03 "accounts for technical insurance reserves". Cet article a pour objectif de présenter les nouveautés apportées à la comptabilité des organismes d'assurance et de réassurance en Algérie, et ce, dans le cadre de la nouvelle réglementation édictée par l'Avis N° 89 du CNC, du10 mars 2011. Le changement le plus marquant est la suppression de la notion « Dettes techniques » qui ont été remplacé par la classe 03 « comptes de provisions techniques d’assurance ».

Bu çalışmada, depremlerin sigortacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların hisse senetleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, İzmir şehrinde şiddetli yıkıcı etkiler yaratan 30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde meydana gelen deprem, bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. BIST TUM endeksi içerisinde bulunan sigortacılık sektörü hisse senetlerinin bu deprem felaketine verdiği tepkiler olay çalışması yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizde, hisse senetlerinin deprem tarihi öncesindeki ve sonrasındaki 15, 30, 45, 60 ve 75 günlük zaman dilimlerindeki kümülatif anormal getirilerinde (cumulative abnormal return-CAR) farklılaşma olup olmadığı bağımlı örneklem t testi (paired samples t test) ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre depremin, sigortacılık sektörü hisse senetlerine ait kümülatif getirilerde 15, 30, 45 ve 60 günlük dönemler için negatif yönde etkiler yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Riskten kaçınma, kayıptan kaçınma ve belirsizlikten kaçınma davranışsal finans eğilimlerinin, yatırımcılar üzerinde yaratmış olabileceği birtakım etkilerin, hisse senetlerinin getirilerinde meydana gelen düşüşlerin nedenleri arasında olabileceği akıllara gelmektedir. Çalışma sonuçlarının, özellikle felaket dönemlerinde sigortacılık sektörü hisse senetlerinin bu olaylara nasıl tepkiler verebileceğinin ortaya konulabilmesi açısından literature katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

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In the context of increasing risks of coastal submersion and erosion in France and Quebec, the way losses are indemnified appears to be a crucial factor in residential choices. Therefore, a doctoral research in geography has begun in October 2020 about the influence of indemnification systems, through private insurance or public assistance, in coastal residential choices, a subject hitherto little addressed in academic research. This article proposes to present the beginnings of this research by specifying the methods and by introducing the study of the French and Quebec indemnification systems. In France, as in Quebec, the public authorities are involved in indemnification systems, but at different degrees which could then play a role in coastal residential choices. While the state is the main reinsurer of insurance companies in France in case of major events and regulates private contracts, the provincial state of Quebec offers an assistance program in addition to a free and competitive market.

Nous visons à travers ce présent article à cerner le rôle et l’importance de la communication pour promouvoir l’image de l’entreprise, plus particulier dans la GAM assurances. La nature de notre sujet nous a conduit à utiliser les méthodes : déductive, analytique avec comme techniques de collecte des données, les techniques documentaires et de sondage. Après avoir analysé les résultats obtenus de l'enquête menée auprès des clients de la GAM assurances, nous avons déduit que la communication occupe une bonne position dans l’entreprise par rapport aux autres éléments de mix marketing grâce à son rôle efficace dans la création d'un avantage concurrentiel en sélectionnant des outils de communication qui reflètent l’image de l’entreprise et de ses services dans le but de vanter ces services pour influencer leurs clients, les satisfaire, et gagner leur loyauté.

In this intervention, we address the various aspects of legislative interference in the content of the insurance agreement, as a fertile model for the switch of the agreement from freedom of negotiation to compliance and modeling, which led to the need for legislative intervention in the different phases of the agreement, in order to protect the weak insured, as well as the attempts of the legislator to preserve general economic and social order, considering the significant role that insurance plays economically (achieving development) and socially ( prompt and effective compensation). We will further explain the aspects of legislative intervention under the Insurance Law No. 95-07, and the extent to which the simple insured’s signature on the agreement is an evidence against him, despite his inability to negotiate and comprehend the content of the conditions.

Copyright of Revue Economique is the property of Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to present one of the most problematic issues in the Civil Code of Georgia, which is manifested in the confusion of the institution of subrogation in insurance law with such institutions as cession and the condition of regression. They are close in content to each other, and this fact makes it difficult to see differences between them. Seeing the difference in content between them has not only theoretical but also practical significance, as each institution is characterized by a different legal outcome, and in each specific case, the proper qualification of the relationship is crucial. One of the most practical different legal consequences of the given institutions is revealed in the different terms of the statute of limitations. For example, until 2012, it was unknown to the Georgian court that the statute of limitation of a subrogation starts from the period when the insurer has the right to claim damages against the insurance underwriter. Before then, it was an unknown fact that, different from regression, only legal relationship is established with one obligation in subrogation. In this article, we have discussed the distinctive features of subrogation, cession, and the condition of regression, and the accompanying legal consequences. We have discussed the decisions of the Supreme Court of Georgia, which discuss the differences in the content and results of the above-mentioned institutions. As a result, it was revealed that the practice of the Civil Court of Georgia before 2012 was unknown about the institution of subrogation, which is a really signifi cant problem. It can be said that a uniform practice of the Supreme Court has been established at the Subrogation Institute and the problems that existed before have been solved.

Like many other regions of the world, the European Union is vulnerable to almost all types of natural disasters. The damage history of each European country confirms this. Disasters not only cause loss of human lives, but also material damage that amounts to billions of euros every year, affecting stability, economic growth and economic relations between member states. In a much broader context, in 1996 the European Humanitarian Aid Service set up a disaster preparedness program for catastrophic risks, named DIPECHO (Disaster Preparedness ECHO). Since 1987, the European Council has established an agreement open to all European countries, including the Russian Federation, entitled Europe - major risks. This intergovernmental agreement is a vast platform for cooperation in the field of major natural and technological risks between all European countries. The Green Paper on insurance against natural and man-made disasters, which is a basic document in the actions of European countries to strengthen the management of catastrophic and non-catastrophic risks. The paper aims to present the main risks that have occurred in Europe, their intensity of production, the affected countries and their influence on the insurance market.

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With the emergence of the so-called Blue Economy, various conservation finance mechanisms and financial structures are being proposed as a means of simultaneously securing marine biodiversity and profit-making. A novel approach that is being applied within this new conservation finance frontier is the integration of ecosystem-based adaptation and insurance. By synthesizing recent literatures in political ecology on the notion of rent and the biopolitics of nature, this article explores how the integration of ecosystem-based adaptation and insurance can be seen as a technique that is mobilized for governing ecosystem rents biopolitically. The article urges political ecologists to pay attention to how biopolitics and governance of rents intersect in market-based environmental governance. While surveying the breadth of projects that involves both adaptation and insurance, I pay particular attention to a parametric coral reef insurance that was recently introduced in the Mexican state Quintana Roo. Such a project, this article argues, involves reconceptualizing the coral reef as an infrastructure that provides benefits – ultimately rents – to the local tourist industry and indirectly the state, but this coral infrastructure is itself in need of being protected through insurance as a biopolitical measure that can ensure the future life of the coral reef by rendering calculable uncertain, future climate threats to the reef. By reconceptualizing ecosystems as infrastructure that can be insured, the notion of ecosystem-based adaptation operationalizes otherwise systematic risks posed by climate change and biodiversity loss on a local scale. Finally, I highlight some of the complications that are involved when insurance is used as a biopolitical means of making nature live.

The risk is the most important element of the insurance contract. It is the main thing of this contract. When subject matter disappears the insurance contract is no longer in existed, the importance of insurance has become a solutions to face the danger of technological and industrial development and the increase in the number of risks that are difficult to recover, because it can not be insured on all dangers, whether it was the people act or the act of nature, furthermore, the danger is not required to be a catastrophic event, or an impossible danger, but may be a happy event, such as insurance for children, and insurance from marriage and life insurance for the survival. In principle, the contractors have the freedom to determine the insured risk and its terms, in accordance with the principle of contract (contract of the law of contract), which allows the parties to the contract to determine the locality accurately The risk is the most important element of the insurance contract. It is the main thing of this contract. When subject matter disappears the insurance contract is no longer in existed, the importance of insurance has become a solutions to face the danger of technological and industrial development and the increase in the number of risks that are difficult to recover, because it can not be insured on all dangers, whether it was the people act or the act of nature, furthermore, the danger is not required to be a catastrophic event, or an impossible danger, but may be a happy event, such as insurance for children, and insurance from marriage and life insurance for the survival. In principle, the contractors have the freedom to determine the insured risk and its terms, in accordance with the principle of contract (contract of the law of contract), which allows the parties to the contract to determine the locality accurately..

In this article, the author has analyzed what types of food security policies need to be develop and implement depending on the dimensions of food security in order to improve the situation of food security. Improving the current situation regarding the food security is a dilemma not only related to the national level of a country but also worldwide. The consequences of economic growth and the level of globalization for some countries have been quite impressive, especially for industrial countries, but not for developing and emerging countries. The European Community together with such organizations as the UN and the FAO have come up with quite impressive policies on improving food security, namely the four specific dimensions: insurance, access, use and stability. The main directions of improvement for each food security policy has been analyzed by the author at the level of the country of the Europe and Central Asia region. The scientific methods used by the author are: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, history and logic. As a result of research, we find that regardless of the level of development of the country, the state must pay particular attention to the development of such a direction as: increasing the volume of domestic food production, facilitating food imports in the country, creating jobs.

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Healthcare costs are a sensitive issue in Switzerland, in particular because of the financial burden of insurance premiums on households. The amount of resources allocated and their significant and regular increase seem to be out of control. But what do these costs really represent? How do we fuel our "machine" and what is the combustion mechanism behind it? At a time when debates are often very much focused on individual interests, this article attempts to answer these questions and to examine the sustainability of a health policy that focuses above all on illness and the cost of care., Competing Interests: Les auteures n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The murder of 132 African captives on the Zong in November 1781 and its subsequent publicity as an insurance case which showed the inhumanity of the slave trade in graphic detail was a cause célèbre in the history of eighteenth-century abolitionism. What is often forgotten is that this event occurred in the seas south-west of Jamaica at a period when Jamaica was at its lowest ebb, during the American Revolution. This article looks at the Jamaican context of the atrocity and connects what happened on this infamous ship with changing commercial and wartime conditions in Jamaica, arguing that this is as much an event in Jamaican as in British history.

Introduction: this study highlights the determinants of the use of health services by adherents to the three mutual health insurances in the town of Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on a perception survey among users of healthcare services affiliated to the mutual health insurances in the Bukavu health zones. The encoding and statistical analysis were carried out using the Epi INFO version 2010 software. Results: the main determinants of the use of healthcare services by adherents to the mutual health insurances are: the member’s place of residence, the level of education of the head of household, the previous experience o f care in the healthcare structure partner of the mutual health insurances, the reputation of the structure partner of the mutual health insurances and the ability of households to pay the user fee. Conclusion: this study highlights that, beyond the financial barrier, the implementation of a mutual health organisation should promote a better regulation of the user fee and a good quality of care to meet the care needs of members. The factors emerging from the study as a major determinant of the use of health services by adherents to a mutual health insurance are often not taken into account in the implementation of mutual health insurance in contexts similar to those of Bukavu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance provides financial protection to the insured, though; its acceptance by Nigerian insuring public is still low. This can sharply be traced to low awareness of insurance service. More importantly, quality of service to the few who embraced it had been low. Therefore, insuring public perceives insurance service as defective because customers’ expectations are not met. The objective of this research is to find out whether application of service quality measurement will drive demand for insurance products. Hypothesis was tested to find out whether SERVQUAL measurement is not significantly related to demand for insurance products in Nigeria. The study adopts descriptive research design; hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. The study reveals that there is a significant relationship between application of SERVQUAL measurement and demand for insurance. It is recommended that insurance companies operating in Nigeria should adopt SERVQUAL measurement which will further increase customer retention and loyalty.

Created in 1982, the French natural catastrophe insurance scheme has made it possible to compensate for the "uninsurable" nature of certain major natural risks through private insurance contracts. However, for several years now it has been the subject of criticism and recurring reform attempts, justified by the rise in claims linked to meteorological events.This article examines the lack of financial consideration (additional premium and/or deductible modulation) of the degree of exposure to natural risks in this system, through a complete portrait of the "CatNat" regime and the analysis of data relating to orders recognizing the state of natural disaster for coastal hazards. This question is particularly relevant in coastal areas, where the degree of exposure to coastal risks and the amenities associated with proximity to the sea are closely linked.

Research background: We are currently witnessing significant changes in traditional values and developments concerning the globalization of the financial markets. Since the beginning of the 21st century, not only have the instruments used by global financial markets changed significantly, but the way they operate and the behavior of their participants have changed as well. Digitalization and the use of modern technologies are gradually beginning to take hold in all segments of the global economy. In the field of insurance, this mainly concerns the areas of insurance distribution and claims settlement. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the insurance industry in the Czech Republic for the period of 2014 to 2018. Methods: Spider analysis was used to conduct the analysis. This type of analysis is a comprehensive analytical tool, which can also be used by the management of commercial insurance companies; it is based on 16 ratios, which are divided into four segments. Spider analysis provides a clear representation of the examined company’s position in comparison with the market average or with competing companies in that field of business. Using spider analysis, it is possible to portray the insurance market in the Czech Republic using the selected insurance companies. Findings & value added: Based on the analysis results, it was found that Pojišťovna VZP was the only company that differed from the other commercial insurance companies analyzed – and the insurance market as a whole. Globalization’s effects on developmental trends in the world’s economies, the financial markets, and the business activities of both commercial insurance companies and the insurance industry are significant and difficult to estimate in terms of scope.

Research background: Environmental policy becomes actual worldwide problem and globalization process is closely related with rising of environmental risks. To manage such process needs to accept preventive measurements, but also to apply financial mechanisms for remediation of possible environmental damages. Purpose of the article: Presented contribution is orientated to the evaluation of possible insurance of environmental risks. Methods: The main approach to research is analysis of environmental taxes in tax system of Slovakia, when data had been obtained from tax system SR. Findings & Value added: Analysis showed there are the so called normative means (orders, bans, directives, norms, regulations etc.), financial-economic means (environmental taxes and fees) and voluntary means (EMS, EMAS, and Environmental Labeling etc.). One of useable financial means is to prevent the appearance of environmental risks. Countries have different forms of environmental insurance. The developed economies have a wide spectrum of insurance products and different approaches of insurance of environmental risks contributing to the minimization of the consequences of environmental damages. Information from the contribution can be used as financial guarantee for potential polluters and in the field of environmental risks management, as well as providing of financial securities of the companies. The limitation of the research is difficulty to obtain data, especially in area of environmental risks insurance there is only small amount of historical data to evaluate the situation.

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The destinies of the patient, his doctor and his insurer can sometimes come to a crossing point. The patient would like to protect himself or his family in the event of a disease. The insurer could find a solution but, before taking the risk, he would appreciate the doctor provided him with all the information about the health of his future customer. Once the claim has arisen, the insurer would still like to be sure, with the doctor's help, that it is indeed a guaranteed event, subsequent to the underwriting of the policy. The doctor is familiar with the disclosure to his patient of all the information that concerns him. The law even obliges GP's to their full revelation: "Everyone has the right to be informed about his state of health. This information relates to the various investigations, treatments or preventive actions that are proposed, their usefulness, possible urgency, consequences, frequent or serious risks that are normally predictable, as well as other possible solutions and likely consequences in the event of refusal ..." [1]. On the other hand, apart from this singular discussion with his patient, medical secrecy prevents him from disclosing to third parties any information whatsoever outside the cases exhaustively enumerated by the Law. How is it possible to reconcile these imperatives and expectations? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At last, chronic pain, with its consequences and impact for patients and society, is now considered as a disease in its own in the 11th revision of the international classification of diseases (ICD). We present here in the light of two clinical cases, why the diagnosis of chronic primary pain is useful and how to utilize these new codes. We hope to rapidly see the awaited impact on the healthcare system (from the patient care to insurance issues), as on research and teaching., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

This study applies the Sequential Panel Selection Method to investigate whether the growth rate of total insurance premium is independent of their size, as postulated by Robert Gibrat’s (1931) Law of Proportionate Effects. Time-series data for the total insurance premium of 35 insurance companies in China during the December 2005 to May 2011 period are used. Since other panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of a panel and are incapable of determining the mix of I(0) and I(1) series in a panel setting, the SPSM, proposed by Georgios Chortareas and George Kapetanios (2009), classifies a whole panel into a group of stationary series and a group of non-stationary series. In doing so, we can clearly identify how many and which series in the panel are stationary processes. The empirical results from the SPSM tests unequivocally indicate that Gibrat’s Law is only valid for one of these 35 companies studied here. Our study has important policy implications for insurance regulation, insurance market construction, and policyholder protection.

The article deals with the lawyer civil liability, with its two forms, namely the tort and the contractual liability, a question of real interest as the civil liability cases are much more numerous than many other criminal or disciplinary cases. We focused on the regulation and content of the lawyer civil liability, analyzing the provisions of Law no 51/1995 regarding the organization and exercise of advocacy in Romania and also on the provisions of the Statute of advocacy and that of the Code of Ethics.

Insurance against terrorism ,comparative legal study ,is one of model insurances , which it became very important now ,in accordance with contract insurer bears safety and effects resulting from terrorism as insurable risks by paying value of insurance or sum compensation , in opposite of insured must be paid premium . So it should be achieved technical conditions as well as legal conditions ,in spite of it has same characteristics of other contracts,but it has special characteristics according to its' nature ''terrorism '' which is the subject of contract. In addition , it should be noted that body and physical damages are different legistation of one country to another . Iraq , there is no legistation in this respect , so my hope to find this insurance interest in Iraq legistation

In this paper is realized an theoretical and empirical approach regarding density and penetration on accident and health premiums. The analysis is performed on a sample of 33 countries and a horizon of 5 years (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008), being tested 2 linear regression models. The results of study confirm a relationship between level of economic development and accident and health insurance activity insurance, but exclude the existence of the relationship between penetration factor and this type of insurance.

In this paper is realized an empirical analysis of the influence of social welfare and taxation on insurance. The analysis is performed on a sample of 36 countries and a horizon of 3 years (2005, 2007 and 2008), being tested 4 linear regression models (life premium subscribed, non-life premiums subscribed, number of companies and number of employees in the insurance sector). The results of study confirm a relationship between the development level of countries and insurance, but exclude the existence of the relationship between taxation and insurance.

This paper examines the developments in the technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of insurance companies in Turkey for period 2000-2006. Efficiency scores are evaluated by using Data Envelopment Analysis. Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index is used to measure changes in efficiency over time. The empirical results show that efficiency scores of insurance companies in Turkey increase during the period of 2000-2006.

The objective of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the level of insurance using different models and econometric techniques on data for the period 1974- 2011. The results of the MCO indicate that the real density depends positively on real GDP per capita, the liquidity ratio and the life expectancy and negatively on the level of study. The test of Granger causality does not indicate a causal relationship between the real density and real GDP per capita. The application of the VECM indicates the presence of long and short-term relationship between actual density and GDP per capita. premiums, in Algeria, and especially to analyze the causal relationship between the insurance sector and economic growth, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the paper the authors analyse some unresolved issues regarding the health care reform that is under way in the Republic of Slovenia. They believe the reform is necessary due to the problems that have accumulated. So far the transition processes have not been undertaken in a systematic way by the public sector. With this in mind, the authors discuss the problems of compulsory and voluntary insurance, and the goals that can be achieved by enforcing the role of voluntary health insurance. The authors also examine areas that have important implications for the efficiency of Slovenian health care. Emphasis is primarily given to appropriate systems of incentives that affect the behaviour of health care providers, patients, insurers, and policy makers and then, to the management and governance of health care providers.

A indústria de seguros vem respondendo à crescente exposição deliberada ao risco no contexto do turismo de aventura. Os seguros constituem apenas uma das possíveis aplicações de tecnologias do risco, mas têm se tornado um dos elementos centrais nos diferentes tipos de contratos estabelecidos pelas operadoras de turismo. Procuramos, neste artigo, responder à pergunta: de quem é a responsabilidade pelos danos, quando o risco é ativamente procurado como forma de lazer? Abordaremos inicialmente a inserção da proposta de estudo no contexto da literatura sobre risco e aspectos gerais da regulação do turismo de aventura no Brasil. A seguir, por meio de estudo de caso de uma operadora de turismo de aventura, analisaremos como é garantida a segurança do usuário no jogo de relações entre mercado de turismo, seguros e Estado. Concluiremos com breves considerações sobre a partilha dos danos e responsabilidades entre operadoras de seguros e de turismo, Estado e usuários, apontando ainda para possíveis mudanças no cenário atualmente configurado.The insurance industry has been quick to respond to the increase in deliberate exposure to risk in the context of adventure tourism. Although insurance is only one aspect of the possible applications of risk technologies, it has become a central element in the variety of contracts established between tourism operators and clients. This article addresses the question: who has responsibility for damages incurred when risk is actively sought in leisure pursuits? Initially we'll discuss risk-adventure in the context of the literature on risk and the regulation of adventure tourism in Brazil. Based on a case study of a tourism office offering leisure activities in nature, it proceeds with an analysis of how client safety is guaranteed in the network of relationships involving tourism market, insurance industry and State regulation. It concludes with brief considerations about the distribution of damages and responsibilities between tourism operators, insurance agents, clients and the State, with emphasis on potential changes in the scenario presently configured.

El <> ha supuesto históricamente relevar a ciertos individuos de la necesaria prueba de la condición social para formar parte de asociaciones, e, incluso, el beneficio de los servicios ofrecidos por las mismas, sin más vínculo que una determinada relación con el socio (parental, laboral, matrimonial, etc). Distinguimos así la vela de admisión y la v. de auxilio o lucro. De modo particular se observa esta distinción en peculiares corporaciones religiosas, como las Hermandades y Cofradías, y sus prestaciones más típicas han tenido eficacia post-mortem. En la concepción de este derecho social quiere verse el antecedente material del contrato de seguro de decesos o enterramientos.

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The article discusses the results of an ergonomic intervention conducted at a French mutual insurance company at the request of its president in order to identity the causes of dysfunctional productivity and quality at treatment centers (CT) and call centers and propose workable solutions. The evolution of ergonomic intervention is also discussed.

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Introduction: Individuals experience negative physical, social and psychological ramifications when they are hurt or become ill at work. Ontario's Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) is intended to mitigate these effects, yet the WSIB process can be difficult. Supports for injured workers can be fragmented and scarce, especially in underserved areas. We describe the experiences and mental health needs of injured and ill Northwestern Ontario workers in the WSIB process, in order to promote system improvements., Methods: Community-recruited injured and ill workers (n = 40) from Thunder Bay and District completed an online survey about their mental health, social service and legal system needs while involved with WSIB. Additional Northwestern Ontario injured and ill workers (n = 16) and community service providers experienced with WSIB processes (n = 8) completed interviews addressing similar themes., Results: Northwestern Ontario workers described the impacts of workplace injury and illness on their professional, family, financial and social functioning, and on their physical and mental health. Many also reported incremental negative impacts of the WSIB processes themselves, including regional issues such as "small town" privacy concerns and the cost burden of travel required by the WSIB, especially during COVID-19. Workers and service providers suggested streamlining and explicating WSIB processes, increasing WSIB continuity of care, and region-specific actions such as improving access to regional support services through arm's-length navigators., Conclusion: Northwestern Ontario workers experienced negative effects from workplace injuries and illness and the WSIB process itself. Stakeholders can use these findings to improve processes and outcomes for injured and ill workers, with special considerations for the North., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest: through her part-time private practice, Dr. Scharf provides psychological services to injured and ill workers whose care is paid for by the WSIB.

Copyright of Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology & Sociology is the property of Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology & Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)