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This paper argues that ancient Greek refugees, like many of their modern counterparts, often made skilful use of history and memory in order to exercise political agency, which helped to compensate for their loss of conventional political power and status. The paper analyses the multiple ways in which ancient Greek refugees appealed to myth, history and memory to claim political legitimacy, build a meaningful exile community and develop diplomatic relationships with benefactors. It also shows how, after their return home, former refugees made use of commemoration of the period of exile itself as an important tool in rebuilding the citizen-body and in sustaining their interstate networks.

Ergotherapy / occupational therapy is one of the most important components of medical and social rehabilitation, which uses the amount of means, forms and methods of pedagogy, psy- chology, physiotherapy, exercises, physical education and sports, massage, natural factors. The definition of ”ergothérapie” was recorded in French in 1913. The term is derived from the Greek words ”έργο” – ”work” and ”θεραπεία” – ”therapy”. It is interpret- ed as a rehabilitation treatment aimed at preserving the autonomy of people with disabilities (temporary or definitive) by adaptive activities. The National French Association of Occupational Thera- pists was created in 1961. According to the statistic data , there are 9,691 occupational therapists in France in 2015, 87 % of them are women. More than 50 % of occupational therapists are young spe- cialists under the age of 35; 75 % of them work in hospitals. An 43 Hamonet C. Nécrologie. Jacqueline Roux, une grande figure de l’Ergothérapie Française [Obituary. Jacqueline Roux, a big figure in French Occupational Therapy], J. Réadapt. Méd., 1999, V. 19, N 1, P. 33 [in French]. 44 Gable G. Historique de l’ergothérapie ..., op. cit. 45 Danylevych M. V., Romanchuk O. V., Koval R. S., Bazyliak N. O. Istorychni aspekty rozvytku fizychnoi ta reabilitatsiinoi medycyny u Francii ..., op. cit., P. 35–38. 46 Meyer S. Ergothérapies. De l’activité à la participation [Occupational therapy. From activity to participation], Paris, De Boeck-Solal, 2013, 274 p. [in French]. 101 Danylevych M., Romanchuk O., Koval R., Bazyliak N. Historical Aspects of Occupational Therapy Development... occupational therapist is a healthcare professional whose practice is based on the connection between human activity and health. A considerable number of papers on ergotherapy / occupational thera- py have been published in French in recent years. Aim of re- search. The article briefly describes stages in the history of ergo- therapy / occupational therapy in France, approaches to the inter- pretation of term ”ergotherapy” by French specialists. The main research methods are historical, comparative and descriptive. The papers of outstanding French scientists (Pierquin L., Bourrellis C., Charret L., Colvez A., Delaisse A.-C., André J.-M., Gable G.) have been analysed in the study. Scientific novelty. For the first time, it has been considered the historical aspects of the ergotherapy / oc- cupational therapy development based on studying and analysing a number of leading French experts papers, which have not been involved by Ukrainian scientists until now. Conclusions. The study of the history of the ergotherapy / occupational therapy de- velopment in France presents the experience of foreign healthcare professionals, the system of education, the main theoretical and practical issues in this branch.

A conference paper analyzing the history of the relationship between families and politics in Québec is presented. It discusses the six types of family structures according to French demographer Emmanuel Todd, including the egalitarian nuclear family, and the British Empire's differentialist colonial philosophy compared to the French Empire's universalist and assimilation philosophy. The political differences between Québec's Montréal and Québec regions are also noted.

A conference paper on the evolution of laicism in Québec from 1760 to circa 2012 and the teaching of laicism in Québec's public schools is presented. It discusses Québec's transition from a clerical to a secular historiography after 1947 and the influence of the Catholic Church. Further topics include the founding of the Mouvement laïque de langue française (MLF), or the French language secularism movement, in April 1961, the emancipation of women, and the involvement of the Québec government.

This paper offers a look back over the rise of the visibility, and the rise as a category, of Asian Australian fiction from the beginning of the 1990s, and especially in the twenty-first century, and some of the main questions that have been asked of it by its producers, and its readers, critics, commentators and the awarders of prizes. It focuses upon women writers. The trope of “border crossings”—both actual and in the mind, was central in the late-twentieth century to much feminist, Marxist, postcolonial and race-cognisant cultural commentary and critique, and the concepts of hybridity, diaspora, whiteness, the exotic, postcolonising and (gendered) cultural identities were examined and deployed. In the “paranoid nation” of the twenty-first century, there is a new orientation on the part of governments towards ideas of—if not quite an imminent Yellow Peril—a “fortress Australia,” that turns back to where they came from all boats that are not cruise liners, containerships or warships (of allies). In the sphere of cultural critique, notions of a post-multiculturality that smugly declares that anything resembling identity politics is “so twentieth-century,” are challenged by a rising creative output in Australia of diverse literary representations of and by people with Asian connections and backgrounds. The paper discusses aspects of some works by many of the most prominent of these writers. In its mediation, through similar-but-different travelling women’s eyes, of the past and present histories of different national contexts, Asian Australian fictional writing is a significant and challenging component of the “national” culture, and is continuing to extend its audiences within, and beyond Australia.

This paper starts with a brief description of the introduction of the likelihood approach in econometrics as presented in Cowles Foundation Monographs 10 and 14. A sketch is given of the criticisms on this approach mainly from the first group of Bayesian econometricians. Publication and citation patterns of Bayesian econometric papers are analyzed in ten major econometric journals from the late 1970s until the first few months of 2014. Results indicate a cluster of journals with theoretical and applied papers, mainly consisting of Journal of Econometrics, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics and Journal of Applied Econometrics which contains the large majority of high quality Bayesian econometric papers. A second cluster of theoretical journals, mainly consisting of Econometrica and Review of Economic Studies contains few Bayesian econometric papers. The scientific impact, however, of these few papers on Bayesian econometric research is substantial. Special issues from the journals Econometric Reviews, Journal of Econometrics and Econometric Theory received wide attention. Marketing Science shows an ever increasing number of Bayesian papers since the middle nineties. The International Economic Review and the Review of Economics and Statistics show a moderate time varying increase. An upward movement in publication patterns in most journals occurs in the early 1990s due to the effect of the ‘Computational Revolution’. The paper continues using a visualization technique to connect papers and authors around important empirical subjects such as forecasting in macro models and finance, choice and equilibrium in micro models and marketing, and around more methodological subjects as model uncertainty and sampling algorithms. The information distilled from this analysis shows names of authors who contribute substantially to particular subjects. Next, subjects are discussed where Bayesian econometrics has shown substantial advances, namely, implementing stochastic simulation methods due to the computational revolution; flexible and unobserved component model structures in macroeconomics and finance; hierarchical structures and choice models in microeconomics and marketing. Three issues are summarized where Bayesian and frequentist econometricians differ: Identification, the value of prior information and model evaluation; dynamic inference and nonstationarity; vector autoregressive versus structural modeling. A topic of debate amongst Bayesian econometricians is listed as objective versus subjective econometrics. Communication problems and bridges between statistics and econometrics are summarized. A few non-Bayesian econometric papers are listed that have had substantial influence on Bayesian econometrics. Recent advances in applying simulation based Bayesian econometric methods to policy issues using models from macro- and microeconomics, finance and marketing are sketched. The paper ends with a list of subjects that are important challenges for twenty-first century Bayesian econometrics: Sampling methods suitable for use with big data and fast, parallelized and GPU calculations, complex economic models which account for nonlinearities, analysis of implied model features such as risk and instability, incorporating model incompleteness, and a natural combination of economic modeling, forecasting and policy interventions.

Footsteps mark the land as people walk through the north eastern Queensland tropics. Here, in the mid-1800s, botanical explorers from the survey ship HMS Rattlesnake scour their newly encountered environment for species that will be sent as specimens to the growing collections in London. Local Aboriginal people walk with them, perhaps as guides, possibly interpreters. The narratives for this voyage refer to some individual Aboriginal people who accompanied the Europeans as cotaiga, companion – a word from one of the Cape York Peninsula languages. Meetings and encounters between these voyagers and the local people take place around conversations and communications concerning local environmental knowledge. In this paper I look more closely at these ‘knowledge encounters’, to consider the complex poetics of entanglements between local Indigenous knowledges and Western modes of knowledge and representations of the local environment. Interrogating the voyaging narratives for their depictions of these encounters-in-place, my paper will meditate upon philosophies of movement, of walking and being in place, and of place making in the tropics. The paper will also ask questions about the role of historical representations of entangled tropical knowledge formations in present day concerns about climate and environmental change.

Copyright of Accounting Auditing Control / Comptabilité Contrôle Audit (English Edition) is the property of Association Francophone de Comptabilite c/o Solle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The past, for individuals and for communities, has a potent presence; it has, in no small measure, the power to shape perceptions of current well-being as well as optimism for the future. Major discontinuities as between the past and the present can occasion widespread and negative consequences in the life of many members of a community; this is particularly so if such changes are perceived as having been imposed without prior consultation and agreement. The severity of this situation is even further compounded if changes lead to a diminution or degradation of heritage and cultural environments within a community. For many community embers, a profusion of shopping centres, of roads and highways and of leisure facilities can be no adequate replacements for the loss of their historical and cultural heritage; these typically constitute vital elements of their community and indeed individual identity. Nor can an increase in various types of employment adequately replace an abiding sense of personal well-being that frequently accompanies sensitive and competently-managed change, the hallmark of which would see the interests and rights of community members, both the powerful and the powerless, taken into account and not subordinated in the maximization of profit. Whilst tourism development is often widely regarded as heralding unalloyed riches to those communities in which it appears, this paper examines some of the more baleful effects upon heritage that have now been associated with unrestrained and insensitive tourism development in tropical North Queensland. The paper presents issues found most problematic to many local residents; it then examines the historic precinct of Cannery Row in Monterey, noting some of the less desirable changes to heritage that have been occasioned by tourism development in recent years. Finally, suggestions are offered in regard to how local community members might be more empowered in their responses to future unrestrained negative developments affecting their local heritage.

This paper presents different kinds of temporality emerging from the historical study of an industrial plant. The first consists in the author’s taking over the memory of an industrial worker’s former experience, and building a methodical relation to the past. By reworking in the plant, he clearly establishes his research in the present. The paper then breaks the apparent continuity between past and present, and adopts the specific historical approach to elements of the past. Through questions concerning the job, this approach attempts to make those elements work together, in order to create a representation of the past independent from the present perspective. In this historical representation, dynamics and rhythms of change and continuity vary according to the questions asked in past tense. Whether it is about working conditions or working hours, about employment or conflicts, the dynamics show particulars conducive to envisaging time as plural and plastic.

Copyright of Civilisations is the property of Institut de Sociologie - ULB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that a selection of Caribbean writers has engaged an aesthetic that spotlights the idea of a living or divine landscape through a deployment of folkloric, mythological, magical or spiritual epistemological frames. This aesthetic foregrounds the expansive possibilities of nature and other life forms in the wake of empire and global modernity. By an engagement with these tools, the creative writer deconstructs the limits of colonial ecological damage and modern-day agricultural devastation, while simultaneously affirming the Caribbean landscape as an active and creative agent within articulations of community and belonging. Through a blend of eco-criticism as examined by Elizabeth DeLoughrey and Wilson Harris's formulations of the "living landscapes" and Caribbean mythologies, this essay seeks to interrogate the manner in which Caribbean poet, Olive Senior, consciously deploys the literary imagination as a platform to plant seeds of reform and activism in the trail of environmental destruction. Senior accomplishes this through notions of mythic time and space that are unfettered by monolithic ideologies and linearity. This signposts an effort to posit a reliance on a spirit-infused universe—a deeply felt ideology which is pivotal to acts of environmental healing and societal recuperation.

This paper proposes to see the field of bioethics as a set of activities operating through two main modes of identification: the purpose of the activity (ethical issues raised by medicine, health and well-being) and the method of the activity. The paper summarizes some of the highlights of these two modes as they have historically and gradually contributed to differentiate bioethics. In so doing, the paper also suggests an original interpretation of the future of this field, in associating methodological concerns with a democratic agenda.

Ever since the famous article “Système de la coutume” by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (Annales, 1972), the customary geographies issue has become a common ground for historians, ethnologists and legal historians. The present paper explores the intellectual origins of this problematic in historiography and stresses three major underlying aspects: the principle of autonomy of kinship systems, the “photographical” character of legal sources and the cultural relativity associated with the structures which the study of inheritance patterns allows to indentify. Thus, the culturalist paradigm leads, from Herder to Savigny, from Klimrath to Yver and Le Roy Ladurie himself, to a questioning of the mere idea of culture, altogether as a sign and a cause of the geographical differentiations of the norms of social organisation.

In the first pages of Tristes Tropiques, Lévi-Strauss dismisses the enterprise which he decides to adopt: narrate the story of his exploration voyage and his ethnographic quest in Amazonian territories. The western tradition places at the origin of this literary range some Greek authors, with Herodotus in the first place. How can the connection between Herodotus and Lévi-Strauss be established? Why does the problem of voyage haunt Lévi-Strauss right away? What kind of echo, different, does this concept find along the first Greek prose work that has been preserved? Lévi-Strauss’s brief paper, « Herodotus in the sea of China » (1987), reveals, though it seems only a mere note, the extent of the anthropologist’s debt towards his Hellenic predecessor.

No all the aspects of the history uf social economy are well known. This paper analyses the beguinings of portuguese social economy history. In 1840 a Porto review have published parts of the Ramon de la Sagra book on sociial economy. This concept was used by diferents portuguese authors. For them it covered a critical aproach on mainstream polítical economy, proposals on the reform of measures and institucions of social welfare and it was the expression of the workers organisations like the cooperatives, friendly societies, and other associations. The main schools of thinking in XIX century, liberals, socialists and cristians, were also presents on portuguese literature.

Father José Nicolino de Sousa is known as the founder of Oriximiná town, in Pará state. Nevertheless, he is always worshipped as a civilizing priest, omitting or ignoring his Indian ancestry and that he died among the Maroons. This paper analyses the historical facts and the memories concerning José Nicolino de Sousa, confronting the myths created about him with what historical sources reveal. The conclusion is that the settlement, which became Oriximiná, appeared long before the founding journey ascribed to the priest and that it is possible to establish a more complete historical narrative about the region, including subjects which have been ignored up to now.

This paper deal with the image of the trades spread through the playing cards, mainly french games. The cards are a strongly coded space which lead to stereotyped pictures.At the beginning of the XIX century, the cards represent the urban tramping trades. In the second part of the century they will show the sedentary craftmen and the shopkeepers. We can find the countryside activities only at the end of the century. The cards will never show pictures of the industrial work and will have difficulties to introduce the technical development. In the last part, the author compare the trumps of the new french tarot pack produced at the end of XIX century with the images of the urban and county life spread in the primary schools at the same period.

Historical urban warehouses are remarkable structures. Today, however, and despite their robust architecture, they have become vulnerable urban heritage threatened with demolition. Current research being carried out at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel focuses on the development of knowledge about the architecture, operation and construction of warehouses in Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent and their integration in the urban fabric, to support their preservation and respectful adaptive reuse. This paper contains the results of in-depth archival and first on-site investigations of nineteenth and twentieth-century warehouses in the historic city centre of Brussels, covering the first industrial zone around the river Senne and the docks. Eighty demolished and still existing urban warehouses are analysed by focusing first on the storage of some well-represented goods: hay, timber, beer and textile. The analysis shows that the four goods correspond to four types of warehouses that differ in their architecture, organisation, construction and integration in the urban fabric.

Historical urban warehouses are remarkable structures. Today, however, and despite their robust architecture, they have become vulnerable urban heritage threatened with demolition. Current research being carried out at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel focuses on the development of knowledge about the architecture, operation and construction of warehouses in Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent and their integration in the urban fabric, to support their preservation and respectful adaptive reuse. This paper contains the results of in-depth archival and first on-site investigations of nineteenth and twentieth-century warehouses in the historic city centre of Brussels, covering the first industrial zone around the river Senne and the docks. Eighty demolished and still existing urban warehouses are analysed by focusing first on the storage of some well-represented goods: hay, timber, beer and textile. The analysis shows that the four goods correspond to four types of warehouses that differ in their architecture, organisation, construction and integration in the urban fabric.

Historical urban warehouses are remarkable structures. Today, however, and despite their robust architecture, they have become vulnerable urban heritage threatened with demolition. Current research being carried out at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel focuses on the development of knowledge about the architecture, operation and construction of warehouses in Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent and their integration in the urban fabric, to support their preservation and respectful adaptive reuse. This paper contains the results of in-depth archival and first on-site investigations of nineteenth and twentieth-century warehouses in the historic city centre of Brussels, covering the first industrial zone around the river Senne and the docks. Eighty demolished and still existing urban warehouses are analysed by focusing first on the storage of some well-represented goods: hay, timber, beer and textile. The analysis shows that the four goods correspond to four types of warehouses that differ in their architecture, organisation, construction and integration in the urban fabric.

The 6 million people forming the Laotian population are officially divided into 49 ethnic groups. How can we explain this huge diversity of people ? How do they live together ? How does the State manage this diversity ? Based on the existing literature and on personal field research, I am presenting in this paper a general and synthetic perspective of the ethnic question in Laos. In doing so, I defend the idea that ethnicity should be conceived not as a given, but as a product resulting from a particular process that I will clarify here. This analysis will allow me to propose a socio-political perspective on ethnic and cultural issues.

This paper summarizes the dialectical approach between what is systematic structural and what is diachronic in the Arab literary heritage, through rereading the works of Ibn Hazm Al-Andaloussi and those of Al-Jahidh and how they arrive to present and represent love in literary texts. These texts try to establish an approach between mental states, morals and human characters in their structural forms and between what is experimental and effective, and even productive of History and reality. The manifestation of psychic and emotional states can be discovered through the human being practice of historical acts through time and human relationships.

In Venezuela since the elaboration of the first textbooks in the nineteenth century until today, History’s teaching has been part of an important process including discussion and reflection about the contents and the adopted didactic strategies. This paper aims to review the fundamental aspects concerning the deficiencies and recurring problems in History’s teaching and to analize the tensions and conflicts brought about by study options and contents related to Venezuelan History in the textbooks, formulated and distributed by the actual Venezuelan government.

Traditional historical texts predominantly rely on written sources, yet oral accounts add specificity and personal depth to written narratives, particularly where written sources are sparse or unable to provide a comprehensive account of an era. This paper describes a video archive from the tropical island of Borneo. Created with graduate students from Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam across diverse language groups,this oral history project provides an archival database of first person interviews with witnesses to the Japanese occupation of Malaysian Borneo during World War II. These stories add texture and nuance to the current historical narrative, particularly for young Borneans unaware of the turbulent experiences their forebears endured during that period. The archive contributes in many unique ways to the traditional historical record and offers numerous opportunities for further research

Do firms take any interest in their own history ? Is historical knowledge of any use to them ? Starting from concrete experiences of dialogue and cooperation between researchers and temporary work firms, this paper demonstrates the complexity of the firms’ relationship to their own history and to social science. Most influential temporary work firms seem adamant to better understand the economic, social, institutional and legal context in which they operate. Because they were threatened with a ban for a long time and because they are particularly sensitive to legislative and political change, temporary work firms also look at history for evidence of their usefulness and for material to prepare for the future. With such institutions used to dealing with social science, historians cannot claim to be the holders of absolute, unquestionable knowledge. They should on the contrary see firms as places where essential, although non-academic, knowledge, is produced. They should therefore attempt to construct their research projects in cooperation with the firms’ stakeholders, so that it can be both useful to the firm and scientifically relevant.

Since the beginning of academic discussions on human occupation in Amazonia there has been a constant disagreement about the continuity of the actual scenario of indigenous populations and their pre-colonial ancestors. From one side or the other, the colonization, its impact among indigenous populations and its impelling effect for the creation and transformation ofnew social actors was – and still is – a key point for the interpretation of this transition between the pre-colonial Amazonian past and the present. In this paper I attempt to approach what these indicators of continuity would be. Through examples from Amazonian archaeology, anthropology and, more specifically, from an ongoing ethnoarchaeological research among riverine communities of Caviana Island, in the Pará state, Brazil, I approach the conceptions and preconceptions embodied in formulations about continuity between Amazonian past and present.

This paper employs a biographical approach to explore the politics of region and identity in North Sulawesi—more specifically, Minahasa—during the middle decades of the twentieth century. A brief examination of the lives of three key political actors of this period, G.S.S.J. Ratulangie, A.E. Kawilarang, and A.Z.R. Wenas, serves to illuminate characteristic continuities in Minahasan political life from the late colonial times through the apparently radical changes of the Japanese occupation, the decolonization process, and the Permesta rebellion. It also reveals persisting continuities between Minahasa in the mid-twentieth century and Minahasa today. One such continuity lies in the steady aspiration among Minahasans for regional autonomy within an Indonesian national state. Another constant factor is a particular kind of political conservatism, based on pragmatism and morality, rather than custom and prejudice, which both informs and restrains the pursuit of regional interests.

This paper seeks to explore the relations between Indigenous and Creole modes of existence and political situations. It combines a theoretical and ethnographic approach to explore the Aboriginal concept of “law and culture” as it emerged in the Kimberley region of Australia. In retracing the historical conjuncture that gave rise to the emergence of this concept into an Aboriginal regional organisation, it highlights important similarities between the developing politics of indigeneity in Australia and the processes of creolisation. Different translations of “law and culture”, a concept expressed in Kriol, allow for a processual understanding of cultural and political change within Aboriginal societies and in their relation to the broader Australian society. Although Kriol is considered a linguistic phenomenon rather than a cultural or political one in the Australian context, it points to specific historical and social processes that are crucial to understanding the conditions in which Indigenous subjects are able to enunciate and articulate their position. By situating creolisation in the broader context of settler colonialism, I argue that it is a necessary counterpart of indigeneity, but one that needs be silenced and made invisible.

Feared for its subversive potential, the English stage was subjected to the pre-production control exercised by the Lord Chamberlain for over 200 years. This inter-disciplinary paper aims to shed light on the principles that led to the establishment of theatre censorship legislation and the politics of inertia of the ensuing governments, hence offering an alternative perspective to the moral argument first utilised by Walpole and later forwarded as a final defence. In doing so, we will explore the gap between the censors’ procedures and their discourses, thereby gaining an insight into the means and hidden dynamics of this disciplinary control. This will allow us to gauge how (rapidly) different censors have adapted to internal (i.e. governmental) and external (i.e. theatrical) pressure and how these changes have affected the relationship between authors and censors. Finally, we shall question the remaining existence of censorship in the post-1968 period.The paper is based on archival research carried out at the British Library (Lord Chamberlain’s manuscript collection), the National Archives (governmental papers) and on interviews with authors and theatre practitioners.

The article presents abstracts on social science topics which include the future of social sciences, Athenian society and the distinction between slavery and freedom, and postal services in rural Algeria during the colonial era.

Artistic and cultural representations of space, place, memory, and belonging are some of the fundamental aspects of fictional narratives. This paper focuses on how the tropics evolve as a place of belonging in Terri Janke’s Butterfly song through literary transformation of generational memories of personal and family experiences combined with historical fact. The notion of the tropics as ‘different’ is examined through complex relationships between the place where the protagonist, Tarena Shaw, lives in Sydney; the place that she calls home, Cairns; and the place of her ancestors, Thursday Island in the Torres Straits. Layers of memory unfold through family stories revisited in the context of contemporary cultural life to ensure the return of a pearl brooch lost for nearly forty years. Components of culture, a love story, a connection of things to ancestors and people, and the history of the Torres Straits and Cairns are the foci of Janke’s novel. These features demonstrate how multiple perspectives of place and memory can enrich the literary imagination and in turn, enlighten Australian readers to the historical past and present life of tropical North Queensland.

Two phenomena in particular offered hints to early nineteenth-century geology about dating the antiquity of the earth: volcanos of the kind discovered at Pompeii, and coral rock of the kind discovered, above all, in the tropical Pacific. This paper surveys the growth in knowledge of coral between the theories offered up by Johann Reinhold Forster (who accompanied James Cook on his second voyage of 1772-1775) to those more or less authoritative ones published by Charles Darwin in his Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs of 1842. Inputs both religious and secular are included, because the Biblical element imaginatively accompanied, and sometimes stimulated, the more strictly empirical endeavours of scientists. What was needed for nineteenth-century geological and biological theories to gain a footing was a new vision of time, and coral was a 'natural chronometer' of momentous importance in demonstrating how old the earth must be.

This paper will explore the tropical exotic in relation to the widespread European fascination with tropical animals exhibited in zoos throughout the long nineteenth century. Zoos became places where human animals could experience the chill of a backbone shiver as they came face to face with the animal/other. It will examine the establishment of the first zoos in relation to Harriet Ritvo’s argument that their major imperative was one of classification and control. On the one hand, the zoo fulfilled the public’s desire for wild, exotic creatures while, on the other hand, the zoo reassured the public that its major purpose was control of the natural world encapsulated by the stereotype of tropical excess. I will argue that these various places of exhibition created an uncanny zone in which the European subject was able to encounter its animal self while reaffirming an anthropocentric world view.

Devanny was a largely forgotten and disregarded figure in Australian political and literary history by the 1960s, but the newly revitalised feminist, race-conscious and postcolonial analyses of the 1970s allowed her work a new relevance. Devanny’s first novels were written in Wellington in the 1920s, and some feature Maori men in relationships with white women. Her Queensland novels begin when she visited the North engaged in political support for the Weil’s disease strike, out of which came Sugar Heaven (1936), and then Paradise Flow (1938)—both of which show white women choosing Migrant men (Italian and Jugoslav) over their white husbands—and after that, a planned cane industry trilogy, of which only the first volume, Cindie (1949), in which the white lady of the house has sex with a South Sea Islander indentured worker, would be published. The (also unpublished) “The Pearlers” offers a depiction of a white patriarch in simultaneous relationships with white and Indigenous women on Thursday Island, where she spent some time in 1948. Devanny moved to Townsville in 1950 to live; she published very little after that, although the already written Travels in North Queensland came out in 1951. The paper will consider how far Devanny can be viewed as working with an early style of 1990s “whiteness theory”, and also how, in this regard, one might think about her depiction (often scanty) of Indigenous characters in her north Queensland fictions.

The history of Paronella Park is a tale of migration from Europe to far north Queensland; underscored by the music of a diversity of cultures that weaves a rich tapestry through this narrative; set to a backdrop of tropical wilderness in the rainforest of Mena Creek, via Innisfail. Jose Paronella arrived in north Queensland, Australia from Catalonia, Spain in 1911; where he spent many years working as a cane cutter. In 1929 he bought thirteen acres of land on Mena Creek to fulfil his dream of creating a Spanish castle and tourist resort. By 1935 Paronella’s dream had become a reality, with the completed construction of Paronella Park: a Spanish castle, picnic area, ballroom, movie theatre, hydro-electric power system, tennis courts and botanical gardens. Paronella Park became the cultural hub of the Mena Creek-Innisfail area, providing entertainment in movies, dances, balls and theatre. North Queensland was a base for Allied Service personnel during World War II, so musical activities increased greatly during this time with Australian and United States soldiers frequenting Paronella Park on rest and recreation. From this heyday, Paronella Park has survived destruction by cyclones and floods, fire, years of neglect, and finally restoration of much of the property. Over the past decade, Paronella Park has won extensive tourism awards. In 2010, to commemorate Paronella Park’s 75th anniversary, the musical The Impossible Dream was written and performed in Cairns. This paper traces the musical history of Paronella Park, investigates the cultural and musical activities performed there, identifies the bands and musicians who played at Paronella Park, their musical styles and repertoire, discusses the contribution of Paronella Park to tourism in north Queensland, and evaluates the influences of Spanish culture and music on the identity of the Mena Creek community. Music and lyrics from The Impossible Dream are transcribed and analysed to correlate their musical links to entertainment at Paronella Park during the 1930s and 1940s and identify Spanish influences in the musical score. The research also evaluates the impact of The Impossible Dream on recent tourism at Paronella Park, investigates current musical entertainment at Paronella Park and its potential for future development.

This article combines the results of two doctoral research papers and is the fruit of work carried out within the framework of a more global study on the elite in the city. Two sociologists relate the plans for the extension of the city by the road inspectorate in the 19th century and the creation of the underground by the Service Spécial d’Etudes of the STIB in the 20th century. Behind the scenes in the state departments, by dissecting the internal archives of the administration (correspondence, reports, notes and circulars), we discover that civil servants and, more specifically, the technical bodies have developed a practice of time allowing the step-by-step realisation of large-scale projects. Time is a tactical and flexible element in these cases, formulated and manipulated in order to prompt an expansion of the city and to ensure the irreversible commitment of the stakeholders involved. The conclusion shared by the two analyses carried out in parallel questions the idea that it is necessary to have powerful visions and authority for Brussels in order to face major urbanistic challenges. As an alternative, based on information from the history of organisations, the authors propose to examine the technical bodies and their knowledge and capacity to act as mediators.

The circumstances of birth and the political setting contribute significantly to the nature, roles and effectiveness of a mass medium. The birth of the Nigerian press, in an era of contentious colonial rule and heightened missionary activity, for example, produced newspapers that were essentially a combative and indomitable anti-colonial force. Furthermore, the Nigerian press was propelled by historical circumstances to become a strong but improbable supporter of military rule until 1998 when it began to promote democracy. Although Australia was, like Nigeria, a British colony, its history had a different effect on the growth, values and direction of its press. The paper will argue that the significant similarities and differences between the Australian and the Nigerian journalism can be attributed to the history of the press in these countries.

The paper examines the relationships between anthropology, history, and region. It has long been assumed that the discipline of anthropology has made a significant contribution to the definition and conceptualization of Southeast Asia as a region in its own right. The roots of Southeast Asian identity are said to be located firmly in shared pre colonial cultural and social elements, and it is argued that some of these continue to have salience in modern Southeast Asia. Yet oncldoser examination it is clear that anthropologists have played very little part in the project to establish and authenticate Southeast Asia as a region and thereby !end legitimacy to Southeast Asian Studies as a separate field of scholarly endeavor. Instead it has been mainly historians and prehistorians, in their preoccupation with origins and the discovery of a “traditional» and pristine Southeast Asia uncontaminated by colonial and indeed Indian and Chinese influences, who have played a vital role in identifying the region. Anthropologists, on the other hand, with their concerns to discover and present cultural otherness and their significant involvement in cross-border margins and peripheries, have generally been preoccupied with “the local,” the particular, the distinctive community. With their interest in cultural diversity, they have generally been reluctant to construct broader cultural and social categories, and even the more ardent comparativists rarely venture beyond a dfiined sub-region or a set of socially, culturally and geographically related populations. Southeast Asia’s cultural diversity is also matched by the diversity of anthropological approaches and paradigms, and il is lffiicult to identfly a dominant analytical “style” in the study of the region. What is more, those anthropologists who have written more general texts on Southeast Asia have invariably maintained the distinction between the mainland and the island worlds. The reluctance to construct a Southeast Asian culture and the focus on specific “alterities» have also increased in recent years, mainly in response to post-modern and post-colonial criticisms of the imperialist roots of anthropology and some of its modernist and universalist assumptions.

This study is an attempt to probe into the value of paintings as historical evidence by locating the investigation in the realm of history from below. The article suggests a new reading of Canadian artist Mary Riter Hamilton’s immediate post-war paintings and their significance in mirroring her take on the war by exploring details of her life based on her biography. I transcend the literal iconographical interpretation of her images and attempt to delve into the ambivalent angle of the painter’s psychological impact on her works of art which was largely under-acknowledged in the recent historiography. The paper tackles the main problematic of how the conscious and unconscious in Hamilton’s paintings are yoked to create a visual historical text. It is argued that War Material’s, Sanctuary Wood, Flanders’ and Albert (Somme) Route d’Amiens’ connotations are more complex than solely representing the historical aftermath of the global conflict or the inter-war sentiments of sacrifice, victimhood, patriotism and commemoration. This investigation goes beyond these dimensions. It is anchored around one key theme of aesthesiology by tapping into the paintings through the prism of emotion. I examine the sub-themes of fear, anxiety and trauma which are the common denominator in the three paintings.

The connections between built environment and solar radiation vary throughout history. This paper proposes a historical overview of this evolution through architectural and urban theories, from the middle of the nineteenth century. The panorama thus displayed provides a basis for discussing the solar issue in sustainable city. This question is not only technical or economic, as it is most often discussed face to the energetic emergency, but it is also social and cultural. We develop the idea of a solar disenchantment, which is demonstrated by an increased technicisation, and privatization of our relationship to radiation.

In order to put into perspective the different papers of the issue, this text highlights the successive stages by which the Caribbean coastline of Central American has been constructed, under the several States-nations and as a part of the Central American region. As a margin or enclave due to geographical characters as to the logics of Spanish Empire, these territories have been made from fragments more or less connected between them or to other regional maritime spaces (Caribbean or Atlantic). When growing, the States-nations in the region first exclusively consider their Caribbean coastline as a transisthmic connection. Yet, during the twentieth century, various process of territorial integration aim to connect continental spaces and maritime coastline, associating demographical dynamics. Societies of interface result of these process, where their ladina, indian, afro components are reorganized. Finally, theses fragments as elements of the façade take a new color in the look of new actors (NGO) or from other scales and spaces (Atlantic region, Caribbean Sea).

This paper focuses on the memories of the past as reported by adults aged between 20-24 and 80-84. Which socio-historical changes and events occurring during their own lifetime do they retain as particularly striking ? Results are based on two surveys conducted in Geneva in 2004 and 2009, and allow a double comparison : between age groups (or cohorts) on the one hand, between the answers five years apart on the other hand. Some events (World War II, the fall of the Berlin Wall, for example, or 9/11) are particularly recalled by groups whe were entering adulthood at the time they occurred. Thus, the perception of a historic event varies with the age of individuals ; furthermore, changes that take place between ages ten and thirty have a great impact on memory. However, this is not a universal mechanism but depends on several conditions, including the fact that history has ushered in one or more changes at the same time.

The revival of ancient music gave rise to an interesting pas de deux, an original game of stacked temporalities. Indeed, in order to play « the old way », one has to start with being modern, and to understand the past as being past. It is not as much about playing « as we used to do » as it is commonly written on disk sleeves. On the contrary, it’s all about understanding how far we are from bygone days, dealing with that loss, and measuring all we have to do to rebuild the past. This is a practical lesson on history writing, that music brings to life on a sensitive mode (changing tastes) as well as on a material mode (playing again other instruments). This paper starts from several examples, as Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny’s study of the taste for Roman statues, or how a theatre company reopened a « game » from the Middle Ages, in order to follow Michel de Certeau on the issues that history of art and sociology have to face in their own relationship to the repertories and works they inherited from the past.