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Since the beginning of the 1990s, many researchers and several organizations concerned with development- and environment-related issues have devised methods to evaluate sustainable development at national and international scales. To that effect, they have identified sustainable development indicators. To date, however, very little work has focused on industrial activities. This paper presents a semi-quantitative method allowing evaluation of the environmental aspect to sustainable development, with an application on the environmental performance of the effluent treatment procedure of a paper mill. Eight environmental indicators for sustainable development are considered for evaluation. These indicators are linked to the strategic requirements for sustainable development as stated in the Bruntdland Commission. They are also acknowledged by many authors and organizations. The environmental performance evaluation on the effluent treatment procedure of the paper mill under study shows that this activity meets a relative degree of sustainability. This evaluation allows the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the effluent treatment with respect to sustainable development.Key words: indicators, sustainable development, measure, environmental performance, biologic treatment, effluents, paper mills.[Journal translation]Depuis le début des années 1990, plusieurs chercheurs et différents organismes préoccupés par les questions de développement et d'environnement mettent au point des méthodes pour évaluer le développement durable à l'échelle nationale ou internationale. Pour ce faire, ils ont identifié des indicateurs de développement durable. Cependant, très peu de travaux se sont concentrés à date sur les activités industrielles. Cet article présente une méthode semi-quantitative permettant l'évaluation du volet environnemental du développement durable avec application à la performance environnementale de la filière de traitement des effluents d'une papetière. Huit indicateurs environnementaux de développement durable sont retenus pour les fins de l'évaluation. Ces indicateurs sont rattachés aux impératifs stratégiques de développement durable énoncés par la Commission Bruntdland. Ils sont aussi reconnus par plusieurs auteurs et organismes. L'évaluation de la performance environnementale de la filière de traitement des effluents de la papetière étudiée montre que cette activité rencontre un degré relatif de soutenabilité. L'évaluation permet d'identifier les forces et les lacunes que comporte la filière de traitement des effluents en regard du développement durable.Mots clés : indicateurs, développement durable, mesure, performance environnementale, traitement biologique, effluents, papetières. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores cultural narratives and oral histories related to two examples of traditional northern transport—long seal hunting journeys in the Baltic region and nomadic reindeer travel in northeastern Siberia. Ample material has been collected and reviewed regarding means of nonmotorised transport in the polar regions. However, scientific literature concerning the experiences and perspectives of the Indigenous and traditional community members who took part in these journeys remains scarce. This article explores the recorded narratives of two people involved in the journeys described. It assesses how these long-distance travels form significance, meaning, observations, and belonging to landscapes for these people. This analysis reveals that, rather than inhabiting northern ice and tundra scapes that are often described as barren and devoid of life, seal hunters and reindeer herders live in story-scapes rich in meaning. The sacred places, surrender to ice flow dynamics, and ways of living “inside” northern habitats that emerge from these testimonies offer a skeleton key for re-reading the misunderstood homelands of Arctic and tundra communities.

The Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO), Melville Island, Nunavut (74°55′N, 109°34′W) was established in 2003 to examine Arctic ecosystem processes that would be impacted by climate warming and permafrost degradation. This paper provides a synthesis of how remote sensing has contributed to biogeophysical modelling and monitoring at the CBAWO from 2003 to 2023. Given the location and isolated nature of the CBAWO in the Canadian High Arctic, remote sensing data and derivatives have been instrumental for studies examining ecosystem structure and function at local and landscape scales. In combination with field measurements, remote sensing data facilitated mapping and modelling of vegetation types, % vegetation cover and aboveground phytomass, soil moisture, carbon exchange rates, and permafrost degradation and disturbance. It has been demonstrated that even in an environment with limited vegetation cover and phytomass, spectral vegetation indices (e.g., the normalized difference vegetation index) are able to model various biogeophysical variables. These applications are feasible for research sites such as the CBAWO using high spatial resolution remote sensing data across the visible, infrared, and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, as the satellite record continues to expand, we will gain a greater understanding of the impacts arising from the expected continued warming at northern latitudes. Although the logistics for research in the Arctic remain challenging, today's technologies (e.g., high spatial resolution satellite remote sensing, automated in situ sensors and data loggers, and wireless communication systems) can support a host of scientific endeavours in the Arctic (and other remote sites) through modelling and monitoring of biogeophysical variables and Earth surface processes with limited but critical field campaigns. The research synthesized here for the CBAWO highlights the essential role of remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems in the Canadian Arctic.

This Indigenous-led project aims to better understand historical and contemporary ways in which Alaska Native Peoples steward salmon and the values connected to salmon stewardship. Indigenous Peoples have stewarded Alaska lands and waters for thousands of years yet have been largely excluded from western science and management systems. In this project, we utilize a participatory approach that allows for the equitable valuing of ideas and knowledges to document the breadth and depth of Yup'ik and Athabascan knowledge and governance systems in southwestern Alaska. We reshape research methodologies by centering Indigenous frameworks and methodologies, including circle dialogues and multi-generational interviews led by Indigenous scholars and students in their home communities and regions. In this paper, we share the Yup'ik and Athabascan values, knowledge, management, and governance mechanisms that can improve the long-term sustainability and equity of Alaska salmon systems. This research elevates the voices of Alaska Native salmon stewards and experts from the Kuskokwim Bay and the Kuskokwim River. We elaborate on five key themes that emerged from this research, including traditional Indigenous ways of life, Indigenous stewardship, self-determination, food and livelihood sovereignty, and ecosystem changes, and identify a more equitable and sustainable path forward for salmon and people in Alaska.

The roles of Indigenous youth in environmental research remain largely unexplored with little practical guidance for achieving meaningful engagement in environmental research. This paper aims to characterize the varying types of Inuit youth engagement in environmental research conducted in Inuit Nunangat. Findings were derived from a community-engaged participatory research approach in Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet, Nunavut). Our typology of Inuit youth engagement in environmental research suggests three types of engagements: “participate”, “conduct”, and “control”. Results highlight that Inuit youth who are interested in undertaking their own environmental research projects expect to enhance their knowledge of natural and life sciences more than those who may seek short-term supportive research roles. Strategies employed by researchers seeking to enhance youth research capacity may also vary based on youth wants and expectations. Our findings suggest that there is no one-size-fits all solution. None of the engagement types identified were necessarily and inherently considered better than the others by project contributors, unlike what has been proposed in other, hierarchical, typologies. Our proposed typology contributes to a better understanding of the varying roles that Inuit youth can play in environmental research, as well as inform potential frameworks for enhancing Inuit youth engagement and leadership in research.

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This paper proposes an approach to represent the dynamic behaviour of a river through reliable transfer functions. This approach was applied to the Péribonka River, in Quebec. The paper describes the design of these functions between the Chutes-des-Passes and Chute-du-Diable power plants, including the Péribonka power plant under construction (at the time this paper was written). The FLDWAV software models the flows under various production conditions. The model was calibrated over several summers using data from the Péribonka River gauging station. The multiple flow transfer functions obtained under various flow conditions and water levels were simplified for use in production optimization. They were validated on each river section. Tests show these functions correlate well with open water flow dynamics. However, these flow transfer functions are not recommended for winter water flow simulation. Une méthode pour représenter les comportements dynamiques d’une rivière par des fonctions de transfert fiables est proposée. Elle est appliquée à la rivière Péribonka (Québec). L’article détaille la création de ces fonctions entre les centrales Chutes-des-Passes et Chute-du-Diable, incluant la centrale Péribonka en construction (lors de la rédaction de cet article). Le logiciel FLDWAV modélise les écoulements sous des conditions de production variées. Le modèle a été étalonné sur plusieurs saisons estivales grâce aux stations hydrométriques de la rivière Péribonka. Les multiples fonctions de transfert de débit (FTD) obtenues pour diverses conditions de débit et de niveau d’eau ont été simplifiées en vue de leur usage en optimisation de la production. Elles ont été validées sur chaque tronçon de la rivière. Les tests montrent qu’elles respectent bien la dynamique des écoulements en eau libre. Toutefois, l’utilisation des mêmes FTD n’est pas recommandable pour simuler l’écoulement de l’eau en période hivernale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As climate change intensifies, Inuvialuit in Canada's Western Arctic are facing a rapidly changing environment and associated impacts on human health, safety, and food security. Learning to cope with these changes requires context-based and current information that can inform subsistence activities and environmental management, and no one is better positioned to acquire this information than Inuvialuit themselves. This paper presents findings from in-depth interviews conducted in 2012 with six knowledge holders and seasonal residents of Kendall Island (Ukiivik in Uummarmiutun), a traditional whaling camp situated along the Beaufort Sea coast bordering the Okeevik Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area. A transdisciplinary and Inuvialuit-led effort, this research documents observations of change at this culturally important site and explores how residents are adapting to changing conditions. Interview transcripts were analyzed using iterative rounds of qualitative coding in NVivo software. Findings reveal pervasive social and environmental change on Kendall Island and in adjacent harvesting areas and highlight how changing conditions are affecting residents’ lives. This study identifies benchmarks upon which to compare and evaluate subsequent changes at this site and documents Inuvialuit knowledge and perspectives that can inform local-scale environmental monitoring, management, and climate change adaptation planning.

Indigenous-driven and community-partnered research projects seeking to develop salient, legitimate, and credible knowledge bases for environmental decision-making require a multiple knowledge systems approach. When involving partners in addition to communities, diverging perspectives and priorities may arise, making the pathways to engaging in principled research while generating actionable knowledge unclear to disciplinarily-trained natural science researchers. Here, we share insights from the Eeyou Coastal Habitat Comprehensive Research Project (CHCRP), an interdisciplinary, Cree-driven community-academic partnership. This project brought together Cree community members, regional organizations, industry (Hydro-Québec), and academics from seven universities across Canada to address the unprecedented loss of seagrass Zostera marina (eelgrass), the concurrent decline in migratory Canada geese and its impact on fall goose harvest activities in Eeyou Istchee. After describing the history and context of the project, we discuss the challenges, complexities, and benefits of the collaborative approach balancing saliency, legitimacy and credibility of the knowledge produced. We suggest the paper may be of use to researchers and partners seeking to engage in principled and actionable research related to environmental change including impacts of past development.

A scenario-based approach was used to test air and ground response to warming with and without changes to inverted surface lapse rates in four Yukon valleys. Generally, climate warming coupled with weakening of temperature inversions resulted in the greatest increase in air temperature at low elevations. However, ground temperatures at high elevations showed the greatest response to warming and variability between scenarios due to increased connectivity between air and ground. Low elevations showed less of a response to warming and permafrost was largely preserved in these locations. Local models also predicted higher permafrost occurrence compared to a regional permafrost probability model, due to the inclusion of differential surface and thermal offsets. Results show that the spatial warming patterns in these mountains may not follow those predicted in other mountain environments following elevation dependent warming (EDW). As a result, the concept of EDW should be expanded to become more inclusive of a wider range of possible spatial warming distributions. The purpose of this paper is not to provide exact estimations of warming, but rather to provide hypothetical spatial warming patterns, based on logical predictions of changes to temperature inversion strength, which may not directly follow the distribution projected through EDW.

This paper presents the first repeat study of glacier foreland chronosequences conducted in the Canadian High Arctic. Vascular plant species at three forelands on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut first surveyed in 1995 were resurveyed 21 years later to (1) test the original hypothesis that succession on these forelands was directional, and (2) investigate the use of the chronosequence method in High Arctic succession studies. Forelands were surveyed using percent cover estimates or presence/absence counts. Indicator species analysis and rates of change were used to quantify shifts. Total plant cover and species richness increased on younger terrain. Rates of peak cover and first appearance advance varied greatly between species and forelands, but were generally faster for graminoid and forb species than shrub species. We observed a pattern of directional succession at all three forelands, supporting the original hypothesis. However, species-specific patterns and rates of change acted to create assemblages that differed between 1995 and 2016, different successional trajectories were observed between the three forelands, and the first occurrence of most species was further from the glacier margin in 2016 compared to 1995. These results demonstrate the importance of repeat studies over time and replication over space to confirm observations in chronosequence studies.

This paper documents the first comprehensive inventory of thermokarst and thaw-sensitive terrain indicators for a 2 million km2 region of northwestern Canada. This is accomplished through the Thermokarst Mapping Collective (TMC), a research collaborative to systematically inventory indicators of permafrost thaw sensitivity by mapping and aerial assessments across the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada. The increase in NT-based permafrost capacity has fostered science leadership and collaboration with government, academic, and community researchers to enable project implementation. Ongoing communications and outreach have informed study design and strengthened Indigenous and stakeholder relationships. Documentation of theme-based methods supported mapper training, and flexible data infrastructure facilitated progress by Canada-wide researchers throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The TMC inventory of thermokarst and thaw-sensitive landforms agree well with fine-scale empirical mapping (69%–84% accuracy) and aerial inventory (74%–96% accuracy) datasets. National- and circumpolar-scale modelling of sensitive permafrost terrain contrasts significantly with TMC outputs, highlighting their limitations and the value of empirically based mapping approaches. We demonstrate that the multiparameter TMC outputs support a holistic understanding and refined depictions of permafrost terrain sensitivity, provide novel opportunities for regional syntheses, and inform future modelling approaches, which are urgently required to comprehend better what permafrost thaw means for Canada's North.

This study is a meta-analysis of recent global research articles on hydrogeochemical modelling of permafrost regions to determine trends and consensus on research gaps and future research directions. The hydrogeochemical response of permafrost to climate change remains challenging to estimate and forecast despite evidence of large-scale impacts on freshwater and ecological cycles. We investigate the feasibility, need, and potential for hydrogeochemical modelling of permafrost landscapes by reviewing recommendations from previous modelling, review, and primer papers, including discussing ways to advance this type of modelling science. Key permafrost hydrogeochemical processes are discussed, including heat transfer and associated freeze–thaw regimes, biogeochemical processes and rates, and surface and subsurface flow. Modelling considerations (i.e., model dimension, scale, heterogeneity, and permafrost zonation) and model parameters are subsequently examined. Finally, limitations and additional considerations for advancing permafrost hydrogeochemical modelling efforts are reviewed. The findings of this review are summarized in recommendations, tables, and two schematics incorporating key considerations for future hydrogeochemical modelling initiatives in permafrost environments.

Historical film and media collections in the North contain an essential, indelible message for the future — that cultural knowledge is perishable and impermanent. Throughout the world as bearers of traditional culture pass away, much of their knowledge is lost. Film and audio collections can play a critical role in preserving living knowledge, allowing us to observe, experience, and study singular, irreproducible moments of a culture’s past. As time passes, these unique recorded moments take on a vital function; they become new conduits of knowledge, a visual and aural stand-in for real experience. This paper discusses the role of museum film and audio collections in preserving cultural knowledge and the challenges of extending this resource to the classrooms of remote communities throughout the North. The paper also discusses the collaborative cultural filmmaking initiative of Sarah Elder and Leonard Kamerling, their work with partner Alaska Native communities over a period of two decades, and their setbacks and successes in producing “authentic” records of Alaska Native life in the 1970s and 1980s, records that are now part of the Alaska Documentary Collections at the University of Alaska Museum of the North.

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper analyzes the influence of the reservoir drawdown submodel on the numerical results of a dam break analysis. A static representation, which takes into account the storage curve, is compared with a dynamic representation based on the Saint-Venant equations along with the real bathymetry of the reservoir. The comparison is based on breach hydrograph, maximum water level, inundated area, and wave arrival time in the valley downstream. It appears that the difference in level attained is maximal in the vicinity of the dam, particularly for maximum level and inundated area, and that this difference decreases as the distance from the reservoir increases. The analysis performed has shown that the static representation overestimates the maximum depth and inundated area in a proportion that can reach 20%. The use of dynamic representation can reduce this overestimation by 30%-40%. In the absence of bathymetric data in the reservoir, a dynamic model based on a synthetic trapezoidal reconstruction of the storage curve is examined. It appears that this model can significantly reduce the uncertainty associated with the static model. Le présent article analyse l’impact du modèle de représentation de la vidange du réservoir sur les résultats de modélisation numérique de rupture de barrage. Le modèle à représentation statique à l’aide de la courbe d’emmagasinement est comparé à celui à représentation dynamique à l’aide d’un modèle de Saint-Venant utilisant la bathymétrie du réservoir. La comparaison est basée sur l’hydrogramme à la brèche, les niveaux maximaux, les surfaces inondées et les temps d’arrivée de l’onde à l’aval pour trois cas de réservoir de tailles différentes. Il ressort que la différence entre les deux modèles de représentation est maximale à la brèche et à l’aval immédiat du barrage, notamment pour le niveau maximal et la surface inondée, et qu’elle s’estompe plus loin à l’aval. L’analyse des résultats de simulation des cas étudiés montre que le modèle statique surestime les rehaussements atteints ainsi que la surface inondée à l’aval du barrage dans une proportion qui peut atteindre 20 %. L’utilisation d’un modèle dynamique de représentation du réservoir peut permettre de réduire de 30 % à 40 % ces surestimations. En l’absence de données bathymétriques du réservoir, la reconstitution de données synthétiques reproduisant la courbe d’emmagasinement pour servir de base à un modèle dynamique du réservoir est examinée. Il apparaît que cette solution peut réduire de façon appréciable l’incertitude due à la représentation statique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Amazonia, because the small catchments are ungauged, it is not possible to analyse them, for example, for hydroelectric power production. Thus, the objective of this paper is to study the transferability of a rainfall-runoff model to simulate flow duration curves for the production of hydroelectric power. The approach is based on the transfer of the impulse response of a model calibrated on two gauged catchments, allowing the evaluation approach permutation between these two catchments. We have, respectively, 7 years and 2 years and 2 months of rainfall and runoff data for these catchments. A sensitivity analysis of the transferability calibration to the sample size is carried out to determine the shortest flow period gauged on the receptor catchment, which produces results comparable to those calibrated with the maximum samples size. This analysis evaluates fieldwork on the ungauged sites of the region. En Amazonie, les petits bassins versants ne disposent pas de données de débit, ce qui empêche l’étude de ces bassins, par exemple, pour des fins de production d’énergie hydroélectrique. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la transférabilité d’un modèle pluie-débit pour simuler les débits classés en vue d’une planification de la production hydroélectrique. L’approche est basée sur le transfert de la réponse impulsionnelle d’un modèle étalonné sur deux bassins jaugés permettant l’évaluation de la permutation de l’approche. Sur ces bassins test, on dispose respectivement de 7 ans et de 2 ans et 2 mois de données de pluie et de débit. L’analyse de sensibilité de l’étalonnage de la transférabilité détermine la taille minimale de la série de débits mesurés sur le bassin cible qui assure encore des résultats comparables à ceux étalonnés avec les échantillons de taille maximale de débits. Celle-ci évalue l’effort de mesures sur des sites non jaugés de la région. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To be cost effective, surface repairs carried out on concrete structures have to perform satisfactorily over a sufficient period of time. Among the factors that can affect the durability of concrete repairs, drying shrinkage is certainly one of the most significant. The use of shrinkage-compensating concrete (SCC) made with expansive binders thus represents an attractive alternative for achieving durable repairs. This paper presents the results of a study aimed at evaluating the potential use of repair concretes made with type K cement. The experimental program was designed to characterize the frost durability of SCC, to establish whether the bond between SCC and an old concrete substrate is affected by the expansion process, and, finally, to evaluate the efficiency of the prestressing effect generated through the bond. Although some aspects still need to be studied, the reported results are quite promising. Pour être rentables, les réparations superficielles effectuées sur les infrastructures en béton de ciment doivent présenter un niveau de performance adéquat pendant une durée minimale. Parmi les facteurs pouvant affecter la durabilité de ce type d’interventions, le retrait de séchage constitue sûrement l’un des plus importants. L’utilisation de bétons à retrait compensé (BRC) fabriqués avec des liants expansifs constitue une alternative intéressante pour la mise en œuvre de réparations durables. Cet article présente des résultats d’une étude visant à évaluer le potentiel d’utilisation des bétons de réparation fabriqués avec un ciment type K. La démarche expérimentale visait principalement à caractériser la durabilité au gel des BRC, à déterminer si l’adhérence d’un BRC sur un substrat de béton ancien est altérée par l’expansion et, enfin, à évaluer l’efficacité de l’effet de précontrainte mobilisé par adhérence. Bien qu’un certain nombre d’aspects demeurent à étudier, les résultats obtenus se révèlent prometteurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International Tundra Experiment network in the early 1990s. Since then, OTCs have been deployed across the globe. Hundreds of papers have reported the impacts of OTCs on the abiotic environment and the biota. Here, we review the impacts of the OTC on the physical environment, with comments on the appropriateness of using OTCs to characterize the response of biota to warming. The purpose of this review is to guide readers to previously published work and to provide recommendations for continued use of OTCs to understand the implications of warming on low stature ecosystems. In short, the OTC is a useful tool to experimentally manipulate temperature; however, the characteristics and magnitude of warming varies greatly in different environments; therefore, it is important to document chamber performance to maximize the interpretation of biotic response. When coupled with long-term monitoring, warming experiments are a valuable means to understand the impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems.

The paper is aimed at assessing the associations between the road networks geography and dynamics of wildfire events in the East Siberian boreal forest. We examined the relationship between the function of roads, their use, and management and the wildfire ignition, propagation, and termination during the catastrophic fire season of 2016 in the Irkutsk Region of Russia. Document analysis and interviews were utilized to identify main forest users and road infrastructure functional types and examine wildfire management practices. We combined community observations and satellite remotely sensed data to assess relationships between the location, extent, and timing of wildfires and different types of roads as fire sources, barriers, and suppression access points. Our study confirms a strong spatial relationship between the wildfire ignition points and roads differentiated by their types with the highest probability of fire ignition near forestry roads and the lowest near subsistence roads. Roads also play an important role in wildfire suppression, working as both physical barriers and access points for firefighters. Our research illustrates the importance of local and Indigenous observations along the roads for monitoring and understanding wildfires, including “zombie fires”. It also has practical implications for fire management collectively developed by authorities and local communities.

It is often necessary to estimate extreme events at sites where little or no hydrometric data are available. In such cases, one may use a regional estimation procedure, utilizing data available from other sites in the same hydrologic region. In general, a regional flood frequency procedure consists of two steps: determination of hydrologically homogeneous region and regional estimation. This paper presents the development of a regional flood frequency procedure based on canonical correlation analysis and multiple regression: (i) the canonical correlation analysis allows us to link a set of hydrological variables and a set of physiographical and (or) meteorological variables and, therefore, to determine the hydrological neighborhood of an ungauged site; (ii) the multiple regression allows us to transfer data from sites of the homogeneous region to the target site. The developed methodology was applied to the Saint-Maurice river region (Quebec, Canada). Using a jackknife procedure, several pairs of hydrological variables were compared to identify the most appropriate grouping. Key words: regionalization, frequency analysis, canonical correlation analysis, multiple regression.Il est fréquent d'avoir à estimer des événements extrêmes dans des sites où l'on dispose de peu ou même d'aucune information hydrologique. Lorsqu'une telle situation se produit, on peut avoir recours à une procédure d'es ti mation régionale qui utilise les données disponibles à d'autres sites appartenant à la même région hydrologique que le site d'intérêt. En général, une procédure d'estimation régionale est divisée en deux étapes : la détermination d'une région hydrologiquement homogène et l'estimation régionale. Cet article présente le développement d'une procédure d'es timation régionale qui combine l'analyse canonique des corrélations et la régression multiple : (i) l'analyse canonique des corrélations permet de mettre en relation un ensemble de variables hydrologiques et un ensemble de variables physiographiques et (ou) météorologiques et ainsi de déterminer le voisinage hydrologique d'un site non jaugé; (ii) la régression multiple permet le transfert des données des stations de la région homogène au site-cible. La méthodologie développée a été appliquée à la région de la rivière du Saint-Maurice (Québec, Canada). À l'aide d'une procédure « jackknife », plusieurs couples de variables hydrologiques ont été comparés afin de déterminer la combinaison conduisant aux résultats les plus intéressants. Mots clés : régionalisation, analyse fréquentielle, analyse canonique des corrélations, régression multiple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geological work undertaken in the north oriental regions of Algeria have considered the plain of Tamlouka, region of Guelma, as a meeting crossroad of the three structural domains of Sellaoua, Néritic Constantine, and Tellian. The tectonic contact between the overthrust sheets is hidden by a thick alluvium cover and has remained undetermined in spite of recent exploration attempts by a geoelectric method. In this paper, we present the results of our work on the reinterpretation of the basic geoelectric data, which were founded on the calibration principle, considering all the geological information available from outcrops and cuttings of recent drill holes. Twenty-nine geoelectric profiles and three maps are drawn in which (i) the facies and geometry of the Mio-Plio-Quaternary fill are much better identified; (ii) an underground synthesis of the relation between the tectonic units is proposed after an inventory of the subsurface formations; and (iii) the ground-water potential in the plain is much better assessed.Key words: geoelectric method, geometry, overthrust sheets, ground-water potential, Tamlouka, Algeria.Les travaux géologiques entrepris dans les régions Nord orientales de l'Algérie ont considéré la plaine de Tamlouka « région de Guelma » comme le carrefour de rencontre de trois domaines structuraux : du Sellaoua, du Néritique constantinois et du Tellien. Le contact tectonique entre les nappes qui sont masquées par une puissante couverture alluvionnaire est resté indéterminé malgré les tentatives récentes de son exploration par méthodes géoélectriques. Dans cet article, nous exposons les résultats du travail de ré-interprétation des données géoélectriques de base, fondé sur le principe d'étalonnage et prenant en compte la totalité des informations géologiques des affleurements ainsi que des débris de forages implantés récemment. Vingt-neuf profils géoélectriques et trois cartes sont dressés et avec lesquels : (i) le faciès et la géométrie du remplissage Mio-Plio-Quaternaire sont mieux identifiés; (ii) une synthèse des relations souterraines entre les unités tectoniques est avancée après une reconnaissance des formations substratums; (iii) une identification de la possibilité aquifère dans la plaine est mieux précisée.Mots clés : méthode géoélectrique, géométrie, nappe de charriage, potentiel aquifère, Tamlouka, Algérie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to apply the concepts developed by Carman and Klinkenberg for the measurement of permeability of a porous media using a gas, a permeameter for the in-situ measurement of intrinsic permeability of skin concrete has been developed. The established technique allows concentration of gas percolation through a well-defined zone in the superficial layer of concrete. The instrument, the measurement method, and the calculation procedure are described in details in this paper. Several series of tests have been performed in laboratory on concrete blocks (300 × 300 × 400 mm) to simulate measurements on the construction site. Three types of concrete, with different porosity, have been tested. The measurement of permeability performed on the concrete blocks have been accomplished both on shaped surfaces, which are representative of skin concrete, and on sawed surfaces, which are representative of mass concrete. Results show that the relationship between the water/cement ratio and the permeability of skin concrete varies distinctively compared with that of mass concrete. The permeameter allows quantification of what has been for a long time qualified as a determining element in terms of the durability of concrete against the corrosion of reinforcement, that is, the distinct permeability of skin concrete from that of mass concrete.Key words: skin concrete, in-situ permeability, intrinsic permeability, apparent permeability, permeameter, Klinkenberg.[Journal translation]Cherchant à appliquer les concepts développés par Carman et Klinkenberg pour la mesure de la perméabilité d'un milieu poreux à l'aide d'un gaz, un perméamètre pour mesurer in situ la perméabilité intrinsèque d'un béton de peau a été développé. La technique mise au point permet de concentrer la percolation du gaz à travers une zone bien définie dans la couche superficielle du béton. L'appareil, la méthode de mesure et le mode de calcul sont ici décrits en détail. Plusieurs séries d'essais ont été effectuées en laboratoire sur des blocs de béton (300 × 300 × 400 mm) de façon à simuler des mesures de chantier. Trois bétons de différentes porosités ont été testés. Des mesures de perméabilité effectuées sur les blocs de béton ont été faites autant sur les faces moulées, représentatives du béton de peau que sur des faces sciées, plus représentatives du béton de masse. Les résultats indiquent que la relation entre le rapport eau/ciment et la perméabilité du béton de peau varie distinctement de celle avec du béton de masse. Le perméamètre permet de quantifier ce qui est depuis longtemps qualifié d'élément déterminant au terme de la durabilité du béton contre la corrosion des armatures : la perméabilité distincte du béton de peau de celle de la masse.Mots clés : béton de peau, perméabilité in situ, perméabilité intrinsèque, perméabilité apparente, perméamètre, Klinkenberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]