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According to its creator Michel Juillard, Dynare is a “pre-processor and a collection of routines” aimed at solving and estimating non-linear rational expectation models. This article focuses on the role of Dynare in the dissemination of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models in academia and policymaking institutions. The case of Dynare highlights how the dissemination across the profession of theoretical principles and modelling practices cannot be considered independently from (at least) two general issues that involve designing computer tools for macroeconomics: tractability (i.e. the existence of a computer algorithm that can solve a mathematical problem using “reasonable” resources) and portability (i.e. the material ability of circulating and transferring a computer algorithm across models, people, and institutions). In this article, we document how the origins and the development of Dynare over three decades were guided by these two issues.

La práctica artística contemporánea tuvo un espacio de reflexión y creación de opinión en las páginas de Papers d’Art. De la mano de un conjunto de voces propias e independientes se visibilizaron formas de producción artística multidisciplinarias, desde la perspectiva divulgadora de una crítica que conectaba dinámicamente los significados artísticos con los sociales y culturales. Conviene resaltar el desplazamiento del significado de la concepción del arte contemporáneo en calidad de pieza clave en la cultura intelectual, incluyendo política, filosofía, ciencia u otros formatos de creación como la música y la literatura. Partiendo del análisis de la conciencia crítica de los diferentes colaboradores y la investigación historiográfica en torno a cuestionamientos estéticos y simbólicos, se despliega una revisión del conjunto de los discursos incluidos en la sección Estudios e Investigación. Palabras clave: Fundació Espais; Papers d’Art; crítica de arte catalana; investigación universitaria sobre arte contemporáneo; perspectiva divulgadora del arte. Papers d’Art. Contents of the Study and Research section Abstract: Contemporary artistic practices were provided with a space for reflection and the creation of opinion in the galleries of the Fundació Espais and in the pages of its art magazine, Papers d’Art. A group of independent voices of multidisciplinary artistic production was made audible thanks to this publication that provided a critique which forged dynamic connections between artistic meaning and social and cultural contexts. This paper highlights a shift in meaning of the conception of contemporary art as a key element in intellectual culture, including politics, philosophy, science and other creative formats such as music and literature. Based on an analysis of the critical awareness of the various contributors to the magazine and on the historiographic study of certain aesthetic and symbolic questions, a review of the articles published in the Studies and Research section is detailed. Keywords: Fundació Espais; Papers d’Art; Catalan art Criticism; University Research on Contemporary art; Popularizing Issues of Art. Artículo recibido: 29/09/2021. Revisado: 08/10/2021. Aceptado: 11/10/2021

The development of the young swimmer determines the scientific approch of the training process organization. Thus the design of training programs for young swimmers requires to know the biological age, whose determination remains an invasive method. However, there are easy methods for determining biological age, such as that of Wutscherk (1988), whose formula is based on a few anthropometric parameters. But before the Peak Height Velocity (PVH) the trainers refer rather to the chronological age and do not make a difference between the training programs of the two sexes (Bayli, 2004). High-level sport requires 10 years of preparation, i.e. an average of 3 hours training per day (Bloom, 1985; Bloom et al., 1990; Ericsson, et al., 1993; Ericsson and Charness, 1994, Salmela et al., 1998). Experience has shown that the age of best swimming performances is 22 years for women and 24 years for men, and that they occur in middle distance swimmers on average two years earlier than in sprinters (Allen et al., 2014 ; Buhl et al., 2013 ; Kollarz et al., 2013 ; Wolfrum et al., 2013 ; Knechtle et al., 2016 ; König et al., 2014), by preparing the technical, physical and psychological aspects for 8 to 10 years for women and 8 to 12 years for men, in order to reach the international level, without reducing the aforementioned deadlines. In this article, we wanted to emphasize the importance of growth and maturation in planning and periodizing a swimmer's long-term training process.

This paper aims to report the investigation of the effect of online news items on students’ writing outcome of English as foreign language context. This research used quantitative methods with quasiexperimental research designs with non-equivalent groups’ pretest-posttest design. Two groups which 46 students were the experimental and control groups and both groups were given with some different treatments. Those treatments were given in a balanced and intensive manner without intervention from factors beyond the researcher’s control. The tests were then employed as the instrument to gain data with ANCOVA as design of analysis technique and SPSS as media to compute. The findings showed that online news items have strengthened students’ writing abilities and motivated students to write related problems. The results obtained from this study proven that the P-value (0.016)

La regió més oriental d’Ucraïna, el Donbass, viu des de fa vuit anys una sagnant guerra en què Rússia s’ha vist directament involucrada. A més, la regió ha estat objecte de la propaganda russa, que l’ha utilitzat com un dels principals motius per justificar la seva intervenció militar sobre Ucraïna, el febrer de 2022. Tots els bàndols implicats en aquest conflicte argumenten que estan protegint els interessos i els desitjos dels seus habitants. Però aquests interessos i desitjos, a més de ser sovint manipulats, han sofert moltes modificacions i pressions després d’una guerra tan llarga, que entre altres coses ha fet que prop de la meitat dels habitants hagin abandonat la regió, i la resta es vegi sota una pressió militar, política i mediàtica constant. Aquest article intenta ser una anàlisi i una reflexió sobre l’autèntica voluntat dels habitants del Donbass, com també de la manipulació que estan sofrint.

Mario Rotondi was an Italian professor of law and a “travelling jurist”. He ventured into the contiguous areas of private and commercial law, engaged with the areas of industrial law and comparative law. His distinguishing feature was his academic cooperation with foreign scholars in the field of comparative law. The issue of travel is a common thread throughout his various initiatives, both academic, and of legal reform. This paper aims to cast some light on his missions to South American universities, on the goals that inspired him and on the projects that animated these goals.

At present, there is not any MTI graduation test system in China, although the enrollment of MTI students witnesses an increase. This paper presents MTI graduation written test construct and design of syllabus. It then elaborates on the test construct, modules, which is intended to clarify the purpose, significance and contents of MTI graduation test and shed new light on future large-scale test development and improvement of cultivation quality of MTI graduates.

يتتبع هذا البحث تشكُل الشخصيات وطريقة بنائها في رواية "أوراق شمعون المصري"، في محاولة لاستكشاف دلالات الشخصيات ومدلولاتها، من خلال الوقوف على تصنيفها وعلاماتها السيميائية، وانطلق البحث في تتبعه لشخصيات النص من المقولات النقدية لفيليب هامون، واعتماد رؤيته في إبراز دال الشخصية ومدلولاتها.سار البحث في اتجاهات متوازية ليُبرز من خلالها بنائية الشخصيات داخل النص السردي، اعتمادًا على أن الشخصية علامة سيميائية تتشكل من دال ومدلول، وتحقق ذلك من خلال تقديم نظري تضمن الرؤية السيميائية للشخصية الروائية. وتبِع ذلك الجانب التطبيقي الذي تضمن تصنيف شخصيات النص المدروس وفقًا لتقسيمات هامون: (شخصيات مرجعية – شخصيات إشارية – شخصيات استذكارية)، ويستكشف البحث كذلك مستوى وصف الشخصيات، سواء عبر دال الشخصية (الأسماء)، أو عبر مدلول الشخصية (طرق تقديم الشخصية كميًا ونوعيًا).AbstractThis research is about how the characters are formed and built in the novel, "The Papers of the Egyptian Shimon", in an effort to explore the connotations of the characters, by identifying their classification and semiotic features. The research based its tracking of the characters of the text on the critical statements of Philip Hammon, and adopting his vision in highlighting the character and its connotations.The research proceeded in parallel directions to highlight the character's constructiveness within the narrative accomplishment, depending on the character being a semiotic sign consisting of a signifier and a connotation, and achieving this through a theoretical presentation that ensures the character's semiotic vision. This was followed by the applied aspect that included classifying the characters of the studied text according to Hamon's divisions: (reference characters - signaling characters - memorabilia characters), then stopping the search in front of the character description level, tracking the character's signifier (names), and the character's connotation (ways of presentation the character quantitatively and qualitatively).

Though books are often considered “old media” in the digital age, their production in this period in fact has been continually reimagined and redefined through new technologies of printing, especially paper and ink manufacturing. This paper explores how three specific recent printed books demonstrate this point in both form and content: David Brower’s Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run (1995), William McDonough and Michael Braungart’s Cradle to Cradle (2002), and the 2008 Harper-Collins Green Bible. Brower’s book was printed on paper made from kenaf, a sustainable alternative to wood-based paper. Cradle to Cradle was printed on a synthetic polymer that could be endlessly remade into other products. The Green Bible was printed on recycled paper and used soy-based ink, and all verses with environmental content were printed in green. In each case, in form these printed books were meant to model innovative industrial information production while also through their content to motivate enhanced environmental consciousness.

Emergency departments overcrowding is often attributed to inappropriate use by patients who ought to be treated in primary care. This article challenges this assertion by examining the articulation of medical and social definitions of non-urgent patients within medical and sociological literature, and how they translate into prioritisation, selection and triage criteria. It shows that triage practices, which are necessary for prioritising life-threatening emergencies are not only based on clinical criteria, but also incorporate moral and social considerations which can lead to discrimination and hinder equitable access to care, particularly for the most vulnerable patients., (© 2023 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

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“Food sovereignty,” a term conceived by peasant agriculturalists in South America, has become ubiquitous worldwide in academic and activist circles advocating for greater local control over local food. Its use has been adopted by various actors in North America, most notably by agriculturalists that tend to be small-scale, family-run, or permaculture focussed. While Indigenous food sovereignty has emerged as an adaptation of this concept, ecological, economic, social, and political opportunities and constraints in different locations across Turtle Island make its widespread application challenging, especially in contexts where communities do not want, or cannot (for a variety of reasons) eat exclusively from the land. In addition, “food sovereignty” can become a chimera in contexts where the “Crown” has absolute and final “sovereignty” over the land, which they have demonstrated through multiple enforcements across Turtle Island. Using a decolonial feminist lens within a political ecology community of practice, this paper describes and critiques current and historic framings of northern Ontario boreal forests as variously and simultaneously scarce and abundant. It also analyzes the ways that these framings have been discursively and materially constructed through colonial social, ecological, economic, and political impositions. It asks whether the concept of food sovereignty adequately challenges these constructions. Ultimately, this paper suggests that thinking about Indigenous food sovereignty as sovereignty of and through food may better describe the process, importance, and potential inherent in traditional and alternative Indigenous food harvesting and distribution practices in First Nations communities in northern Ontario, and indeed, beyond.

An overwhelming number of Canadians believe that a national school food program (SFP) would benefit children, but concerns around limited funding are frequently raised. SFPs across Canada are struggling to meet increasing demands due to rising food costs, meaning that food quality and quantity within existing SFPs are suffering. This paper discusses the urgency to implement a cost-shared and federally funded SFP amidst the current economic context and lack of clear direction from the federal government. The paper also explores ways in which federal funding for school meals can help to reduce the rate of chronic diseases and actualize many proven physical and mental health benefits for Canadians, all of which have positive and long-term downstream effects on the country’s economy.

The paper is focused on Bastogi, a housing complex which started as temporary housing for university students and travellers but that become a permanent reality for many individuals experiencing severe housing deprivation. It is highlighted the looping effect, in referring to how classifications such as “squatter” and “people in housing emergency” shape individuals’ perceptions of themselves, or how they can also perpetuate the victim-blaming ideology. The temporary housing assistance policies in Rome have chronicled housing precariousness for a significant portion of the urban population, and a place like Bastogi is a product of these urban policies. Like a heterotopia of marginality, Bastogi is a ‘counter-space’, whose existence denounces the segregating logics that created it. The paper also describes the constant struggle of some people in housing crisis to distance themselves from the imposed labels, and how they navigate this social, moral, and political distance from institutions and the rest of the city.

With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world is overwhelmed with a mood of fear, anxiety, depression and psychological discomfort. The Coronavirus has wrapped all aspects of life with a new mode so that the authorities concerned have imposed stay-at-home orders, curfews and restrictions on mass mobility and daily activities. These restrictions have given rise to unprecedented practices rarely available in pre-Coronavirus era. Consequently, the normal course of life has greatly changed and a new daily routine has been established during the COVID-19 pandemic whose impact on all life activities is characterized by being extensive and having far-reaching consequences. This paper investigates the COVID-19 repercussions in some purposively selected cartoons and comics from different websites. The selected cartoons and comics attempt to establish what may be called covidity, a neologism that requires collective and wide-spread response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyzes negative pandemic-related aspects that have bearing especially on travel, religious and sport activities. The study draws upon Kress and Leeuwen’s approach of Visual Grammar (2006) within the framework of social semiotics. The study probes Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA), which is mainly applied and opted for deeper examination of visual discourse maintained in the data under discussion. Multimodality is a concept that accounts for different semiotic resources in communication to express certain meanings or ideologies. The paper demonstrates how coping strategies help to alleviate the grim mood created by the pandemic and to get adapted to new circumstances. مع ظهور جائحة كوفيد-19، ساد العالم أجمع حالة من الخوف والقلق والانزعاج النفسي. لقد أضفى فيروس كورونا نمطا جديدا على كافة مناحي الحياة، مما دفع السلطات المعنية لإصدار تعليمات البقاء بالمنازل وحظر التجول والقيود على التنقل الجماعي والأنشطة اليومية. وقد أدت هذه القيود إلى ظهور ممارسات غير مسبوقة قلما تواجدت في فترة ما قبل فيروس كورونا. وبالتالي، تغير المسار الطبيعي للحياة بشكل كبير وظهر روتين يومي جديد خلال جائحة كوفيد-19 والذي كان له تأثير بالغ المدى على جميع أنشطة الحياة. تبحث هذه الدراسة تداعيات كوفيد-19 في بعض الرسوم الكرتونية والرسوم المضحكة المختارة من مواقع الكترونية مختلفة. تهدف البيانات المختارة إلى إرساء ما يمكن تسميته "بالكوفيدية"، وهو مصطلح جديد يتطلب استجابة جماعية وواسعة النطاق لجائحة كوفيد-19، ويحلل الجوانب السلبية المتعلقة بالوباء وتأثيرها لا سيما على السفر والأنشطة الدينية والرياضية. تعتمد الدراسة على منهج كريس وليوين في القواعد النحوية المرئية (2006) في إطار نظرية السيمائية الاجتماعية. كما تبحث الدراسة في تحليل الخطاب المتعدد الوسائط والذي يتم تطبيقه بشكل أساسي في تحليل الخطاب المرئي بصورة أشمل للبينات قيد الدراسة. إن تعدد الوسائط مفهوماً يفسر الوسائل السيمائية المختلفة في التواصل للتعبير عن معاني أو أيدولوجيات معينة. وتكشف الدراسة عن مدى مساهمة تلك الاستراتيجيات في التخفيف من حالة التجهم التي خلّفها الوباء والتأقلم مع الواقع الجديد.

Queer ecologies, an emerging debate in studies of the humanities, is an intersectional appeal for inclusivity of gender, sexuality, and ecology to dismantle hetero-ecological perceptions and embrace strangeness within nature. Relocating decoloniality through the framework of queer ecology, this paper confronts hetero-ecologies through the Indigenous epistemologies of two novels, one set in India and the other in Indonesia. The Adivasi Sarnaistic knowledge and practices, as showcased in the Indian novel My Father’s Garden (2018) by Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, firmly hint at queer nature as perceived by the Indigenous communities who live in the Indian state of Jharkhand. In turn, the Indonesian novel Man Tiger (2004) by Eka Kurniawan, dismantles the hierarchical, heteronormative, and androcentric views regarding nature and gender by moving beyond the bio/ontological boundaries of the human and embracing a biophilic desire between human and tiger. The paper analyses these queer intersections within tropical naturecultures that shapeshift the entire human-nonhuman matrix.

Albania, like other countries in the region, has been aspiring to join the EU for two decades. In different periods of the last 20 years, it has taken steps back and forth along the process towards membership. Therefore, in this context, the present paper will analyse the Albanian perspective, having in focus the promotion of human rights standards in lights of it s integration into the European Union. The aim of this paper is to comprehend the evolution of Albania in relation to human rights in light of the EU integration perspective and demonstrate that Albania has yet a very long road ahead to become part of the European Union.

Stylometry focuses on detecting some linguistic features such as the length and complexity of sentences, spelling errors, punctuation and phraseology analysis, the frequency of words and lexical items. Stylometric analysis identifies and classifies literary texts according to authorship. It also detects, as a serious scholarly discipline and methodology, the lexical items which characterize the style of a text. The present paper proposes a stylometric analysis of Hussien's خِطبة الشيخ khiTbat al-shaykh (1914) and its English translation rendered by M. Enani in (2020) as The Shaykh's Marriage Proposal. The linguistic features examined within the theoretical framework proposed by Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) are parataxis, hypotaxis and lexical choice. The study tests the validity of the translated text in detecting the style of the source text and hence creating either one profile shared by Hussein and Enani, or two different profiles. The main research questions are: (1) in what way does the deployment of parataxis and hypotaxis trace the writing style changes- if there are any- in Hussein's text and its translation? (2) what role does the translated text assume in the domain of stylometric analysis? (3) how does the lexical choice in both the source text and the target text contribute to the creation of personal profiles for the author and the translator? The study suggests that translation is a valid assessment tool in authorship identification as it creates a separate profile for the translator which discerns him/her from the author of the ST. Though stylometric analysis identifies the anonymous author of a given text by specifying its stylistic features and comparing them to other texts written by the same author, the paper offers instead profiling as a changing, style measuring tool for each literary text written by a given author. By defining the stylomeric features and the authorial discriminators of Hussein's and Enani's texts, it is assumed that the Arabic/ English literary pieces cannot be dealt with as a single text written by two authors in collaborations as each text has its own stylistic features that assign an individual profile for its author.يهدف التحليل الاسلوبي الاحصائي للنصوص الأدبية إلى تحديد بعض السمات اللغوية كطول الجمل ، مدى تعقيدها، الأخطاء الإملائية ، علامات الترقيم ، تحليل و صياغة العبارات، الكلمات المتكررة و الاستخدامات المعجمية، و ذلك لتحديد و تصنيف النصوص الأدبية وفقاً لهوية المؤلف. و يعتمد التحليل الاسلوبي الاحصائي على تحديد العناصر المعجمية و التي تميز النص ، و من ثمّ يُعتبر هذا النوع من التحليل من الأساليب العلمية الهامة (فيكرز 2002، هولمز 1992). تطرح هذه الدراسة تحليلاً اسلوبياً لرواية خطبة الشيخ لطه حسين التي صدرت عام 1914 ، و ترجمتها إلى الإنجليزية التي قدمها محمد عناني عام 2020 . في ضوء الاطار النظري الذي وضعه كلا من هاليداى وماثيسين 2014 تبحث الدراسة بعض السمات اللغوية مثل الإرداف و التبعية واختيار المفردات ، وتختبر الدراسة مدى صلاحية النص المترجم في الكشف عن أسلوب النص المصدر و من ثم رسم إما ملف شخصي واحد يتقاسمه الكاتب و المترجم أو ملف شخصي للكاتب و آخر للمترجم. و تجيب الدراسة على الأسئلة الآتية: (1) كيف تعكس الخواص الاسلوبية للإرداف و التبعية التغيرات الأسلوبية - إن وجدت- في نص طه حسين و ترجمته؟ (2) ما هي عناصر التشابه و الاختلاف في لغة كل نص؟ 3)) كيف يمكن استخدام النص المترجم كإحدى أدوات التحليل الأسلوبي الاحصائي؟ (4) كيف ساهمت المفردات المستخدمة في النص المصدر و النص الهدف في رسم طابع خاص لأسلوب الكاتب و المترجم؟ تقترح هذه الدراسة فاعلية النصوص المترجمة في إجراء التحليل الاسلوبي الاحصائي و ذلك باعتبار الترجمة أداة ذات فاعلية يمكن استخدامها لإضفاء طابع شخصي للمترجم من شأنه أن يميزه عن كاتب النص المصدر. و بالرغم من فاعلية التحليل الأسلوبي الاحصائي في الكشف عن هوية المؤلف الأصلي لعمل ما، و ذلك بالكشف عن السمات الأسلوبية لأحدى نصوصه و مقارنتها بالنصوص الأخرى المنسوبة إليه، إلا أن هذه الدراسة تقترح أن لكل عمل أدبي سمات اسلوبية خاصة تكسب كاتبه هوية مختلفة ومتغيرة. فبتحديد السمات الاسلوبية الاحصائية و الشواهد التأليفية لنصي حسين و عناني ، يمكن القول يأن هذين النصين لا يمكن اعتبارهما كنص واحد اشترك في صياغته كلا من الكاتب والمؤلف حيث أن السمات الاسلوبية للنص الأصلي والمترجم تمنح كل منهما طابع خاص به.

تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى دراسة ارتباط فكرة توحيد المعبودات خلال فترة الآتونية بالمكانة السياسية والدينية للملك ، والتى كانت الغرض الأساسى من هذه الدعوة ، مع إلقاء الضوء على جذورها ، منذ أيام الملك أمنحوتب الثالث ، إضافة إلى ذلك ستلقى هذه الورقة البحثية الضوء على موقف الناس من الدين الجديد وانقسامهم على أنفسهم ، سواء أكانوا من المؤيدين المستفيدين من دعوة التوحيد أو من الرافضين المتمسكين بالعبادات الأخرى سواء فى السر أو فى العلن ، علاوة على أهم رجال عهد "إخناتون" المتميزين ، الذين كان لهم الدور الأكبر فى تنفيذ كل أوامر "إخناتون" ، مع التعرض لموقفهم من المعبود "آمون" والديانات الأخرى ودورهم التخريبى والمدمر الذى عانت منه معابد تلك الديانات وعبادهم ، مع التعرف على دلالات استمرار العبادات الأخرى فى السر والعلن ، وما تركه بعض الأفراد من دلائل على ذلك فى مقابر العمارنة الجنوبية منها ، والشمالية ، وأخيرا نهاية "إخناتون" وما تبعها من تدمير وتخريب لمركز عبادته فى العمارنة ، ومعابد آتون ، ومحاولة مَحوْ ذكراه من الوجود باعتباره مهرطقا.Abstract This research paper aims to study the connection of the idea of uniting deities during the Atonian period with the political and religious status of the king, which was the main purpose of this call, shedding light on their roots, since the time of King Amenhotep III. In addition, this paper sheds light on the people's attitude towards the new religion and their division against themselves, whether they were among the supporters who benefited from the call for monotheism or the rejecters who adhered to other cults in private or in public. It also highlights the most important distinguished men of the era of "Akhenaten", who had the greatest role in executing all the orders of "Akhenaten", tackling their attitude towards the deity "Amun" and other religions and their subversive and destructive role that the temples of those religions and their worshipers suffered from. Besides, this paper identifies the indications of the continuation of other cults in private and in public, and what some individuals left of evidence of that in the southern and northern Amarna tombs, and finally the end of "Akhenaten" and the subsequent destruction and sabotage of his cult center in Amarna and the temples of Aten, as well as the attempt to erase his memory from existence as a heretic.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article discusses the interplay between language, cognition and culture from a cognitive diachronic perspective, focusing on the relation between religion and metaphorical thought. It investigates the role of the conceptual metaphor UNDERSTANDING IS LIGHT in religious discourse, using the example of The Revelations of Divine Love, written by Julian of Norwich, a late medieval anchoress. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METODS: The paper draws on the Extended Conceptual Metaphor approach, Zoltán Kövecses’s elaboration of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The universalist bias of CMT means that the theory tends to ignore the sociocultural context of historical data, prioritising the influence of universal human embodiment on metaphorical thought. Using Kövecses’s approach, the paper shows how the gap in CMT methodology may be bridged to yield more reliable results. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The present study connects Kövecses’s approach to Cognitive Linguistic research into sociocultural situatedness. To exemplify the problem, the analysis examines the cognitive‑cultural underpinnings of Julian’s use of the metaphor UNDERSTAND‑ ING IS LIGHT. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis shows that the metaphorical conceptualisation pattern may well derive from Julian’s sociocultural situatedness. The paper indicates that the anchoress’s metaphorical thought should be seen as embedded in the late medieval sociocultural context, rather than being considered solely in terms of universal aspects of embodiment. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE APPLICATIVE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The study concludes that the idea of sociocultural situatedness may be pivotal in the analyses of historical texts. It seems important to incorporate this idea into Kövecses’s approach, which may inform the methodology of cognitive diachronic research into metaphorical conceptualisations. Furthermore, the results may be applied to teaching students how to approach historical texts, helping them gain a better understanding of the relation between metaphorical thought and culture.

This paper focuses on work and family life in Romania, with particular emphasis on gender, seen as a social structure. The methodology employs the secondary descriptive analysis of data drawn from NIS, Eurostat, and the European Value Survey/World Value Survey datasets. The findings show a Romanian work landscape with slow progress in embracing work flexibility, with considerably lower percentages of remote work and part-time employment compared to EU averages. A notable gender disparity exists in the professional sector. Women exhibit a 18.8% lower participation in economic activities compared to men, a gap that increases with the number of children. Moreover, 36.5% of women, in contrast to 2.7% of men, are professionally inactive due to familial responsibilities. These results align with Nancy Fraser’s (2013) viewpoint on how the intersection between capitalism and patriarchy shapes women experiences. The lack of family-friendly work structures disproportionately impacts women, leaving them vulnerable professionally and financially. Family continues to be the most important institution for Romanians, with trends regarding age of marriage and child births mirroring previous years. While there's a gradual decrease in unpaid household and childcare activities, it is mostly due to technological progress (Popescu, 2009) while women still work “double shifts” (Hochschild, 2012). The paper’s findings highlight that cultural norms and societal pressure compels women to prioritize family responsibilities. Creating “brave new families” (Stacy, 1990) or fostering “confluent love” (Giddens, 1992) requires post-modern cooperation between partners, backed by multi-level actions (Walby, 1989) at individual, organizational and societal levels.

Over more than three decades since the fall of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, the position of the Roma in the region is rather ambivalent. Numerous European institutions, inter-governmental development agencies, national governments and European and national/local non-governmental organizations are involved in a pan-European effort to turn the tide for the Roma. The paper argues that although there are numerous efforts to implement development policies and programs to bridge the gap between Roma and non-Roma, there is still a gap between the discourses and inclusion policies developed at the European and national level and those at the sub-national level. There is a tendency to move away from the framing of Roma as an “at risk” group to seeing them as “dangerous people”, who pose threats to the security of others. The paper uses two sets of data sources. First, it employs a secondary analysis of three recent databases: – SocioRoMap – Sociographic mapping of Roma communities in Romania for community-level monitoring of changes regarding Roma integration (2017) and two surveys conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2011 and 2016). The second data source is based on semi-structured interviews carried out in several research projects that the author has participated in over the last few years. In conclusion, I argue that the two political projects of institutional developmentalism and securitization of the lifestyle of the poorest Roma can coexist, but the abandonment of the former can lead to complex social problems in the future.

This paper examines the cartoons of Marco Tibasima, which portray the education system of Tanzania as dysfunctional and heading towards a bleak future. Through cartoons published in Habari Leo, NGO booklets, and on his blog, Tibasima provides a diagnosis of the ailing education system in Tanzania. Drawing on conceptual metaphor theory, this study identifies different elements of metaphors and metonymy in his cartoons. The cartoons included depict crowded and dilapidated classrooms, inadequate resources, an obsession with exams, the abuse of students, and demoralized and overworked teachers. Since education prepares people for the future, the paper argues that concern for the quality of education is essentially a concern for the future. The commentary implicitly invites the reader to imagine the consequences of the current state of Tanzanian education. Although the critical cartoons do not present programmatic proposals, they are very forward-looking and include an early warning.

This paper explores the impacts of Presbyterianism on Indo-Trinidadian communities in Trinidad. Through interviews with notable figures in the Church’s history, surveys within Presbyterian congregations, and in-depth research into Presbyterianism’s history in Trinidad, an analysis was conducted on how this history has shaped the Church from the twentieth to twenty-first century. General observations were also made in Presbyterian Church settings. The findings suggest that many contemporary Presbyterian practices mirror those of colonial times, albeit in a neocolonial context. Historical evidence supports the hypothesis that ideologies of Eurocentrism and elitism existed within the Presbyterian Church in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Trinidad, and aspects of these ideologies persist today. Additionally, both youth and adults within the Church express a need to address prevalent societal issues such as homosexuality, traditionally a taboo topic. Consequently, this research paper examines the concepts of “mission” and “submission”, aiming to understand the Church’s past reality, present state, and future implications within the Trinidadian Presbyterian context.

This paper examines how Achille Mbembe draws upon, then iterates from, the work of Aimé Césaire to provide a rich analysis of personhood in contemporary Africa. Typically, African treatments of Mbembe’s theorization place considerable emphasis on the intellectual influence of Frantz Fanon, rightly so. And while Fanon does have a central role in Mbembe’s writing, arguably it is Césaire who prompts Mbembe to conceptually insist upon the historical malleability of racial classification, racial civic ascription, and racial subjective comprehension as these social forms are reshaped by historical development. In tracing the development of these aspects of Mbembe’s social and political thought, this paper discusses the bisections and points of departures with Césaire’s poetry and philosophy as it pertains to the notion of Blackness. Effectively the dialectical encounter with Césaire and the Caribbean situation helps give rise to Mbembe’s main conclusion that there is a severe limitation to Black Reasoning, especially when its discursive referents give preference to a sublime singularity over the mutable.

The European Research Council (ERC) funding scheme classifies law within the social sciences and humanities sector, identifying legal science as a social science. The paper presents the case-study of such a classification as a deterministic model of evaluation and assessment of legal research. This may impact on career opportunities of individuals as well as on scientific independence, tacitly predefining the selection of research topics and legal methodology. The paper argues that ERC encourages a successful trend of conducting legal research to obtain funding, through the application of indicators. Their aim is to show which process has been followed to achieve and measure results. Legal science then risks being reduced to the analysis of legal performance. In this context, re-reading some writings of Polanyi on social sciences as well as on the critique of economic determinism sheds light on forms of academic determinism that affect the way of carrying-out research.

John Rawls places the social bases of self-esteem among the primary goods. What Rawls calls moral shame can arise whenever one subjectively has reason to disesteem oneself, to evaluate oneself negatively. The distinction between properly personal negative emotions (such as shame and contempt) and negative emotions focused on wrongdoing, and thus on action (such as resentment and guilt), reflects, according to Rawls, the two sides of a “complete moral conception,” the good and the right. The paper explores the articulation between Rawls’s moral psychology and the theory of justice, and challenges some of the objections that his conception of shame has raised since the 1980s among philosophers of the emotions. Is such moral psychology ad hoc, artificially tailored to the normative construction of A Theory of Justice? The paper seeks to comply with the principle of charity of interpretation.

Prior to the advent of digital film technology, analogue film was not analogue, it was simply film. The introduction of digital, thus also marks the introduction of the analogue version. The idea of old media persisting – is dependent on celluloid film being transformed into “analogue” and being classed as an old form of media. In this paper, using the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia and Wake in Fright as case studies, I introduce the concept of the film-version. Moreover, my paper challenges the relegation of celluloid film as old media, and instead argues that the creation of a distinction between digital and analogue versions gives rise to a new kind of mediatised coexistence. I argue that rather than forming a hierarchy, the analogue and digital form a parallel and dialogical relationship allowing both the new restored version, and the older celluloid version to not only persist, but evolve into the present.

This paper aims to analyze former Iranian President Hassan Rouhani’s thirty speeches on COVID-19 delivered between February 2, 2020 and April 27, 2020. We apply Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse analysis to investigate and analyze Rouhani’s rhetorical and discursive strategies in making meaning of COVID-19. Findings showed that COVID-19 discourse in Rouhani’s speeches has mainly revolved around three nodal points: “the country”, “the enemy”, and “the state of exception”. Thus, the structural articulation of COVID-19 discourse resembles the hegemonic discourse in Iran. Our results also explain how Rouhani used COVID-19 as an empty signifier to reinforce the hegemonic discourse in Iran while trying to redefine his relations with the state-leaning organizations. Furthermore, we analyzed the rhetorical practices that Rouhani employed to articulate the COVID-19 discourse. This paper contributes to a growing body of literature into discursive aspects and implications of a global pandemic by providing empirical evidence form an understudied context: Iran.

This paper argues that Heather Raffo’s Noura (2019) is an instantiation of the Iraqi-American theatre representing postcolonial diaspora. An attempt to bridge the gap between American and Middle Eastern cultures, the play is well regarded as a response to Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House. Drawing on the theoretical framework of diaspora, the paper reveals miscellaneous themes such as panic, hysteria, violence, nostalgia, alienation, and hybridity. In doing so, it attempts to answer the following question: How far is Raffo’s Noura delineated as an instantiation of the postcolonial diasporic Iraqi-American theatre? The paper has reached the following findings. First, cultural diaspora is argued to have led to utilizing a great deal of Arabic words/expressions that may be entextualized with the passage of time. Second, Raffo was demonstrated to have reconfigured Ibsen’s view of marriage and motherhood by posing her own novel one for discussion through the open-end technique. Third, it was revealed that the playwright has managed to upend the dramatic conventions of gender roles by expanding the role of the wife and marginalizing that of the husband.

تعتبر النقود مصدراً مهماً من مصادر التاريخ الإسلامي، فهي وثائق صحيحة يصعب الشك فيها، وذلك لأنها إحدى شارات الملك والسلطان الثلاث، والتي كان يحرص كل حاكم على اتخاذها بمجرد توليه الحكم، وذلك إلى جانب الدعاء له في خطبة الجمعة، ونقش اسمه على شريط الطراز. والنقود بمثابة مرآة صادقة للعصر الذي ضربت فيه، إذ تعكس بصدق أحوال الدولة التي سكتها سواء كانت سياسية أو اقتصادية أو اجتماعية أو دينية أو مذهبية أو فنية أو أدبية أو جغرافية وغيرها، وتتجلي أهمية النقود في أنها تسد الثغرات التي لم تذكرها المصادر التاريخية. وفي ضوء ما سبق تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية نقود بنو الساج وهم أسرة تركية حكمت في أذربيجان ومراغة وأردبيل وبردعة وقد تم نشر عشرة نماذج لم يسبق دراستها أو نشرها من قبل وتُنشر لأول مرة في هذا البحث ومحفوظة بمجموعة الأستاذ يحي جعفر بدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، بالإضافة إلى نشر أربعة نماذج محفوظة بمركز المسكوكات الإسلامية بجامعة توبنجن بألمانيا، ونموذج محفوظ بالمتحف الوطني لتاريخ أذربيجان، بالإضافة إلى نشر عدة نماذج سبق نشرها ولم تدرس وهي ثمانية نماذج محفوظة بجمعية النميات الأمريكية، وتسعة نماذج محفوظة بمتحف قطر الوطني ونموذج محفوظ بمتحف البريطاني بلندن وقطعة محفوظة بمتحف الأشمولين سبق نشرهما ولم يدرسان من قبل، بالإضافة إلى نشر عدة قطع أخرى منشورة بالمزادات والكتالوجات العربية والعالمية. Coinage is considered to be an important resource of Islamic history, as it is true undoubted documents because it is one of the three insignia of king and sultan, which every ruler was keen to take as soon as he assumed power. In addition to praying for him in the Friday sermon and engraving his name on Tiraz. Coins are true mirror of the era in which they were minted as they faithfully reflect the conditions of the country that minted them, whether they were political, economic, social, religious, sectarian, artistic, literary, geographical, etc. The importance of coins appears clearly in filling the gaps of what is absent in the historical resources. In the light of this, this research paper reviews the coins of Banu al-Saj, a Turkish family that ruled Azerbaijan, Maragheh, Ardabil, and Barda’a. Also many other models were investigated in this paper, which were only published and not studied before,These specimens are ten models are preserved in the collection of Professor Yahya Jaafar in the United Arab Emirates, in addition to other four Models preserved in the Islamic Numismatics Center at the University of Tübingen in Germany, and a model preserved in the National Museum of the History of Azerbaijan and I published several models that were previously published and not studied. which are eight models preserved in the American Numismatic Society, and nine models preserved in the National Museum of Qatar and a model preserved in the British Museum in London and a piece preserved in the Ashmolean Museum were previously published but not studied before, in addition to publishing several other pieces published in Arab and international auctions and catalogs.

As Canada works towards developing a national school food program, it is timely to examine the lessons learned from the programs of other countries. Analyzing these insights can help Canada avoid key pitfalls and replicate promising practices in program design and implementation. The Government of Canada has the advantage of learning from one of the longest standing national school food programs and our southern neighbour: the United States (U.S.). This paper distills vital lessons from the U.S. school food programs, with a focus on addressing four critical aspects: access, emphasis on health and education, funding, and program implementation. First, the U.S. experience demonstrates the significance of universal free school meals. The historical inadequacies of means-tested programs result in inefficiencies, stigma, and exclusion of students in need. Second, the paper argues for an emphasis on health and education benefits. Third, it underscores the necessity of adequate funding. Inadequate reimbursements in the U.S. have compromised meal quality and led to the food industry’s capitalization on school meals, with negative implications for children’s health. Lastly, harnessing the power of procurement and employment can stimulate local economies, create good jobs, and foster a healthier food environment. As Canada tailors its national school food program to its diverse regions and communities, it has an extraordinary opportunity to avoid the policy and program implementation errors revealed by the U.S. experience.

The platform firm has emerged as an important site for the production of economic knowledge. This paper situates the work performed by a newly christened group of “tech economists” under the auspices of these firms within a larger history of economists’ engagement with information processing. Previously, those economists wishing to grapple with the computer would ally with the military, eventually leading them to accept an understanding of markets as purpose-built, algorithmic “person-machine systems.” Upon allying with the platform firm, economists would attune their understanding to the business model of their new patrons. This paper considers what this development augurs for the profession.

This paper explores the early history of econometric computation at the University of Cambridge. Using the Department of Applied Economics (DAE) as a case study, the paper documents the transitioning divisions of computing labor with an emphasis on how human computors and computer programmers played pivotal roles in producing econometric knowledge. Since being founded in 1946, the DAE had relied on two ways of econometric computation: computors, who did the computing work through desk calculators, and the “regression analyzer”, an analog machine invented by Guy Orcutt. After the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was put in operation in 1949, a new group of econometricians became the very first group of programmers of the EDSAC. With significant improvements to microdata sources and technology, econometric practices by DAE affiliates boomed in the early 1950s, constituting the first series of collective contributions to post-war microeconometrics. In 1956, Lucy Slater was hired as the EDSAC’s programming specialist, signalling a turning point where professional programmers began to lead econometric computations. Afterwards, econometric practices became a new division of labor that focused more on teamwork and programming expertise. By revealing the dynamics during the historical transition from computors to computers, the paper contributes to the “hidden figure” aspect behind conventional histories of econometrics.

This paper highlights a series of forms of community participation in the case of a Romanian rural community that has a well-defined cultural identity and carries out numerous activities aimed at creating cultural vitality. The main purpose of the paper is to highlight a series of data and reflections derived from the field research carried out over the past years using the ethnographic method, as well as to interpretresearch data on the basis of a theoretical model developed by Mataritta-Cascante and Brennan (2012).

Most survey research on the beliefs of economists has focused on measuring consensus within the profession. Researchers have given less emphasis to other aspects of the organization of economists’ belief systems. This paper shows using representative survey data for the first time that economists’ beliefs on an important subset of policy-relevant beliefs are ideologically aligned, despite moderately high levels of agreement on these issues. The analysis does not support the existence of a second dimension of alignment capturing a Keynesian/anti-Keynesian split on macroeconomic stabilization topics. Going beyond conventional methods, the paper also reports the results of belief network centrality and correlational class analyses, methods motivated by recent developments in cognitive science and cultural sociology. This analysis suggests that beliefs including those relating to inequality and redistribution, the level of government spending, environmental regulation, and the minimum wage play a generative role in economists’ belief systems. The results also indicate that the main source of heterogeneity in economists' belief systems is between ideologically aligned and less ideologically aligned subgroups. There is limited evidence of qualitatively distinct patterns of construals of relations between beliefs. Finally, although the analysis is tentative, I fail to find evidence supporting the hypothesis of a decrease in ideological alignment since the 1970s.

This paper aims to analyze the effects on German literature of the renewed interest in Nazi past. In order to do that, it considers Adorno’s and Mitscherlichs’ studies, in which they try – from a psychoanalytic point of view – to understand the mechanisms which made Germans support the leader and then made them remove their guilt. Then, the article focuses on some author of the early Sixties, in order to verify how they try to begin the Germans’ Vergangenheitsbewältigung. As far as possible, the paper examines the reception of these texts, trying to understand how and to what extent they give a contribution to overcome this collective amnesia.

This paper illustrates Alfred Adler’s quintessential concept of neurotic aggression and its subdivisions: deprecation, accusation, and self-accusation. It focuses on psychoanalyzing Jimmy Porter’s accusation. The paper tries to answer the following significant questions: What are the three probable causes of neurosis according to Adler’s Individual Psychology? What are the deceiving safeguarding strategies and their subdivisions? And to what extent can Jimmy Porter be considered a typical exemplar of accusation? To answer these questions, this paper applies Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology to the scope of this study, Osborne’s Look Back in Anger (1957). This paper concludes that Jimmy Porter is a typical representative character of this abnormal state. The psychoanalytic dissection is enhanced by many dramatic confrontations.مستخلص يوضح هذا البحث المصطلح الهام لألفريد أدلر وهو العدوان العصابي وتقسيماته: الانتقاص والاتهام واتهام النفس. ويركز علي التحليل النفسي للاتهام لدي جيمي بورتر. ويحاول البحث الاجابة عن الأسئلة الهامة التالية: ما هي الأسباب الثلاثة المحتملة للمرض النفسي طبقا لعلم النفس الفردي لأدلر؟ ما هي استراتيجيات الدفاع الخداعة وتقسيماتها؟ والي أي مدي يعتبر جيمي بورتر نموذجا واضحا للاتهام؟ وللاجابة عن هذه الأسئلة فان هذا البحث يطبق علم النفس الفردي لألفريد أدلر علي مجال هذه الدراسة وهو مسرحية انظر الي الوراء بغضب لأوزبورن (1957). ويخلص هذا البحث الي أن جيمي بورتر يعد نموذجا ممثلا لهذه الحالة غير السوية. وقد تم دعم النقد التحليلي النفسي بالعديد من المواجهات المسرحية.

This paper aims at critically reviewing the concept of rentierism and the Rentier State coined after the oil shocks of the 1970s. It explains that it is the result of a relationship, which properly institutionalized through the market generates a mineral rent. This allows us to argue that the oil price fulfils a systemic role. Finally, this paper assesses the case of Algeria by examining its positioning in the hydrocarbon global value chains, with the aim to draw the conclusions that the future of Algeria as a gas rentier economy is quite unclear, but in the case of a major restructuring of the international gas trade, it could lead to its petrolization.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The research investigates how young boys progress in life after the loss of their fathers. It explores the adjustments they make, the coping mechanisms they develop to navigate life, and the male roles they assume in the family. Additionally, it examines how family can aid and support their coping and adjustment process. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: This study utilises a case study methodology focused on gaining an understanding of the lives of two adolescent boys who experienced the death of their fathers in the early formative years of their lives. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The paper focuses on five themes- family dynamics, life transitions with and without their fathers, post-loss reassignment of family roles, present circumstances, and future goals. RESEARCH RESULTS: A qualitative analysis of the data revealed that participants’ belief systems, family support, and striving toward future goals helped them to be resilient in this event. CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: While most research typically emphasises the negative impacts of death on people, this study demonstrates how individuals’ can be resilient, dependent on both person-related factors and environmental factors. To help adolescents who are grieving become resilient, the paper offers intervention and coping strategies through counselling, the availability of support networks, and combined efforts by the state and educational institutions.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Governments across the world were forced to impose social distancing and lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in December 2019. Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, the disruptions, including restrictive measures such as school closures had severe impacts on the physical, emotional and mental health of all people, especially children with special needs. There was also scant data, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries. Existing literature stems mostly from western countries, thus the need to perform a comprehensive review on this topic. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The primary objective of the systematic review is to understand the impact of COVID-19 and restrictive measures such as school closures on the educational outcomes and physical and mental health of school-going children with special needs. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This systematic review used the PRISMA 2020 checklist where four databases and grey literature were searched for full text articles, peer reviewed publications in the English language that were published during January 2019–December 2021. RESEARCH RESULTS: The literature search identified 1294 publications, of which 25 key papers were selected. These studies investigate the impact on children with special needs across the globe, with a majority of papers from Europe. We found that COVID-19 and the digitalization of schooling had severe impacts on the physical and mental health of children with special needs and their parents/caregivers. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: These studies highlight the need for an inclusive school environment to ensure that the learning outcomes for children everywhere are achieved. Further, a hybrid model that includes classroom learning with novel inventive methods would be beneficial for children with special needs.

This paper provides an analysis of Ali Abbasi’s film Border through a feminist new materialist approach that centers what I call “wilding”—a process of worlding that challenges binary and rigid structures of thought that dichotomize existence into fixed categories through the cultivation of bewilderment, a state of openness to not-knowing which requires the unlearning of anthropocentric epistemologies. Paying attention to the etymological roots of the word “matter” (as body, wood, mother/nourishment, and place), the paper shows how the film displaces the dominion of sight with an emphasis on symbiosis that foregrounds the sense of touch

This paper examines the economic cooperation within the Visegrád Four (V4) in the context of EU membership and its potential inspiration for bilateral relations between North Macedonia and Bulgaria. It explores the alignment of political values and economic relations in the V4, highlighting the EU’s role in fostering cross-border collaboration. The analysis delves into the shared priorities of the V4 towards EU enlargement and how these experiences can guide Western Balkan countries. It discusses the transformation of economic cooperation in the V4, emphasizing the strategic role of Germany and the evolution of regional dynamics. The paper also analyzes the challenges and limitations in applying the V4 model to Bulgarian-North Macedonian relations, considering the differences in historical experiences, economic convergence, and the impact of EU-driven Europeanization. It concludes by assessing the unique nature of bilateral relations in the context of EU integration and enlargement, emphasizing the need for a distinct approach for effective collaboration between Bulgaria and North Macedonia. Author(s): Michal Vit Title (English): In Search of Principles of Visegrad (Economic) Cooperation and its Inspiration for Bilateral Relations between North Macedonia and Bulgaria Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 20, No. 1-2 (2023). Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 32-39 Page Count: 8 Citation (English): Michal Vit, "In Search of Principles of Visegrad (Economic) Cooperation and its Inspiration for Bilateral Relations between North Macedonia and Bulgaria,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 20, No. 1-2 (2023): 32-39.

The strategic scientific management of cultural and research institution is put under scrutiny in the paper The strategic management of scientific research [Managementul cercetării științifice] by the author Meda Gâlea. To better improve the strategic scientific management, the author dives into the history of an important Romanian research institute, the Romanian Academy, and into its management style in relation to the research developed. To substantiate the results, and to support the development of the formula that underpins the decision-making process in the management of a scientific institution, the author uses actual scientific literature, corelated with the research carried out among the research and technical staff of the Romanian Academy in Iași. The most important takeaway of this scientific paper is the PRA-nX formula used to facilitate decision making in terms of economic management for better scientific performance.

Up to now, quality of life (QOL) research has been guided by several conceptual frameworks that allow for the generation of rather general approaches to QOL with very fragmented explanatory contributions, while no specific conceptual models can be identified in the literature. This paper, which is based on a critical review of mainstream literature, aims to highlight the main difficulties in building a conceptual model of QOL and to propose a model that can overcome some of the current issues. The difficulties in constructing such a conceptual model stem mainly from the variety of definitions and the range assigned to the concept of QOL, the consequent operationalisation of the concept, the relativity and multidimensionality of the concept and the subsequent problems with unidimensional measures. This paper proposes a conceptual model that adopts an individual perspective on the theoretical construct and introduces several novel ideas for building a comprehensive explanatory framework for QOL. The following developments and improvements are suggested with the purpose of clarifying the intricate field of QOL research and closing in on a conceptual model: honing in on essential dimensions instead of constantly expanding the concept, increasing the effort put into theorising about QOL, adopting a life course perspective, generating longitudinal data and utilising research on agency. There is a high need for the development of a conceptual model of QOL and the concurrent integration of QOL approaches, at least at the European level, as this would contribute to fostering the advancement of the QOL research field and highlighting core European values regarding QOL standards.

Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among racialized immigrant groups in Canada compared to the general population. Hence, “ethnicity” is identified as a risk factor for diabetes, focusing on ethnic differences in health behaviours. By linking ethnic differences and diabetes risk, ethnic food cultures are problematized. Using the concept of cultural racism, this paper explores the ways in which ethnic food cultures are used to explain racial inequities in health. This paper will conclude by supporting the naming of racism, rather than ethnicity, as one of the root causes of diabetes among racialized immigrant populations and health inequities in Canada.

Türkiye aims to attain self-sufficiency with the transformation of its defense industry by state-centered and private sector investments as collaboration in the last decade. This paper presents new evidence on the effects of Turkish defense industry’s transformation on Turkish foreign policy by analysing the role of private defense sectors collaborated with the state institutions that are innovative and competitive as in today’s global environment. The main purpose of the article is to verify the claim that the developed, nationalized and localized Turkish defense industry is instrumental in taking more confident steps in Turkish foreign policy. Türkiye has been in a defense transformation since the early 2000s by focusing on a self-reliant and techno-nationalist model by allocating national security resources with the awareness of today’s world conflicts on energy, defense, security, and the experience of Cyprus crisis of 1974 and the ongoing fight against terrorism in a historical perspective. This geopolitical and strategic status of Türkiye and the resilience of Turkish defense industry have also emerged opportunities and challenges for Turkish foreign policy. Furthermore, it is observed that the transformation of Turkish defense industry has presented political and economic commitments for the future. The paper also sheds light on Türkiye’s allocation national resources and collaboration with especially private sector in the transformation process. As a result, in this article, it is concluded that Türkiye's increasing its military presence beyond its borders by exporting national weapons, active operations, military bases and peacekeeping missions means that it has adopted an active and assertive foreign policy. Qualitative research method has been used to reach this result together with primary and secondary sources. Information has been obtained directly from the websites of companies such as Roketsan, Havelsan, Baykar technology, STM, BMC. The defense article of İsmail Demir, President of the National Defense Industry of Türkiye, and the studies of researchers who wrote academic articles about the Turkish defense industry such as Sezgin, Seren, Adar, Yeşiltaş, Sekine, Öniş and Sakman have been referred. Apart from these, the DefeseNews website, which provides annual updated lists of the world's most powerful defense companies, has laso been used.

Given that values influence the scientific process, including when doing economics, we should be asking under what conditions this influence is justifiable. In this paper, I argue that citizen engagement could be the best way to scrutinize and justify value influences in economics. To do so, I analyze a number of citizen engagement initiatives in economics and discuss how they contribute to value scrutiny. Next, I look at the rationales that have been formulated for such a citizen economics, like, e.g., increasing economic literacy, democratization, and, strengthening the legitimacy of economics, and I evaluate their benefits for the scrutiny of values. Overall, the paper concludes that citizen engagement is a promising way to address value judgments in economics and to make economics epistemically more robust even though there are still some challenges to be addressed for it to become part of a broadened economic methodology.

The problem of demarcation between science and pseudoscience, although old, it was made central to debates about the nature of science in 1962 by Karl Popper. In this current climate of the pandemic, anti-vaccine theories and fake news, it is imperative that one distinguishes between science, bad science and pseudoscience. In this paper I analyse and discuss a number of arguments related to this debate mainly from Sven Ove Hansson’s paper, `Science and Pseudo-Science` (2021). The Swedish thinker argues for the importance of identifying subtle differences between bad science, non-science, un-science and pseudoscience. I claim that in this debate the starting point is a careful analysis of well-known examples. I conclude that understanding the demarcation between those domains and the unmasking of pseudoscientific theories is vital for negotiating both the social and the scientific landscape.