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This paper deals with an optimization problem of determining the maintenance units and age‐based inspection schemes to minimize the expected maintenance cost rate and satisfy a target system availability for multi‐indenture systems that have a modular structure with redundant units. Failures of primary components directly lead to system failures and can therefore be identified and maintained immediately, while failures of redundant components need to be identified by inspections. And the designated maintenance units need to be replaced during maintenance. By constructing the dual structure of the fault tree, we present a failure path enumeration method, based on which the system availability and expected maintenance cost rate models considering maintenance time are derived. For redundant units, two types of inspection policies are considered in our models: one is the corrective maintenance (CM)‐based inspection policy, and the other one is the age‐based inspection (PM) policy, inspections are performed at failures or age h, depending on which occurred earlier. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to find the reasonable maintenance units and inspection intervals simultaneously, and its performance is also compared and analyzed. Several numerical examples are studied to investigate the effect of parameters on optimal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]