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This paper provides new insights into the vegetation of the black continent (Cameroon, Chad, Gabon, Gabon, Nigeria, Mali and Burkina Faso). It particularly explores the relationship between Africans and trees through the prism of colonization. The regions studied have suffered successive waves of occupation. Each newcomer had a specific relationship with the tree. Today, the result is an unstable balance between the environmental constraints that shape the background of the plant capital, the needs and means of the populations, all guided by cultural habits and pre-colonial and colonial heritage. These inheritances, which are diametrically opposed, are under tension in African societies, with the public administration acting as moderator. With little financial and human resources, it tries to preserve the wooded heritage, especially since we now know it is important in times of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews literature on adolescent reproductive health in Africa. It airs to highlight the structural factors which shape their sexual behaviour. The literature was collectçd using IESTOR and Medline databases. We first entered the words "reproductive health" to get an overall idea of existing literature. The field was then narrowed by entering: "reproductive health, youth", "reproductive F~ealth, youth, Africa", "youth, sexuality, Africa". We looked into the references provided in the articles. The paper is structured in three parts. The first presents the major problems associated with young people's sexual behaviour. The second deals with solutions used to tackle these problems. The third concerns the structural factors which shape young people's sexual behaviour. It focuses especially on economic factors, gender inequalities and sexual violence. We conclude that: studies undertaken on reproductive health of a~olescents especially highlight the vulnerability of girls; adolescents' sexual behaviour cannot be separated from their social, cultural, political and economic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several African countries are experiencing difficulties in accessing scientific information, mainly due to their precarious situation. They have poor technical infrastructures and depend on a short-lived philanthropic-based information delivery model. African researchers and librarians answered a survey about HINARI, one of these charity programs. The paper is an analysis of the current situation in these countries and lays the foundation for thinking about more viable solutions for Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of current knowledge of Plio Pleistocene Carnivora from Africa and Europe. In Plio Pleistocene times, many genera extend their ranges in Africa and Eurasia but their evolution are quite distinct in the two continents. In Africa, the modern carnivoran guild of sub saharian Africa originated in the early Pleistocene when took place extinction of archaic species. The north African fossil record is far from complete until the middle Pleistocene. In the middle and late Pleistocene, the modern carnivoran guild is associated with other elements: the simian jackal Canis simensis and two species of ursids Ursus arctos and Ursus deningeri which evolved towards Ursus spelaeus. Western European carnivore faunas show due to migration a constant turn-over of the species. Among felids, Panthera schaubi described by Viret (1954) and attributed to the genus Puma by Hemmer et al. (2004), is morphologically close to the snow leopard Panthera (Uncia) uncia. Canis etruscus is the sister group pf the clade including wolf and coyote and Canis arnensis is close to the African jackals. Ursus deningeri appears in the early Pleistocene together with two arctoid forms Ursus rodei and Ursus dolinensis that may be synonymous to Ursus arctos. The genus Hyaena is present in Europe in the middle and late Pleistocene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]