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Ce papier détaille des avancées applicatives de contrôle térahertz liées à deux technologies de radars FMCW à visée de contrôle volumique non destructif et de métrologie d’épaisseur. D’un côté, les développements d’un radar FMCW a base de multiplicateurs Schottky GaAs à 150 GHz possédant des performances à l’état de l’art sont détaillées, avec, en particulier, un SNR de 100 dB, une cadence de 7.7 kHz et une stabilité à long terme, optimales pour des moyens de détection en ligne. Et de l’autre, la présentation d’une approche de détection pour le contrôle de caractéristiques matériaux et la métrologie d’épaisseur, faisant usage d’un radar SiGe, plus abordable et très compact. Grâce aux développements d’algorithmes nouveaux, une extraction d’épaisseur, d’indices de réfraction et de coefficients d’absorption est réalisable sur des épaisseurs de matériaux inférieures au millimètre, bien en-deçà des performances intrinsèques du transceiver limité par la bande passante.

Millimeter-wave radar imaging is a promising technique in non-destructive testing. When a small material defect is located closely to the test object’s surface, the strong reflection caused by the air-material interface can overlap with the defect’s weak reflection and mask it. If the image resolution is not sufficient, the defect cannot be resolved and will not be recognizable in the reconstruction image. To solve this problem, surface echo compensation techniques have been invented. However, these techniques are usually restricted to planar surfaces, which for most applications is not the case. This article presents a technique for surface echo compensation of arbitrarily shaped objects. We propose to combine radar and air-coupled ultrasound. Since aircoupled ultrasound is not able to penetrate solids, an air-coupled ultrasound imaging system is only able to detect the surface of a solid object. The idea of our proposed concept is to employ the ultrasound signal to compensate for the surface echo in the radar signal. The proposed method is based on the idea of using signals of equal wavelengths for both wave types and an amplitude calibration. Then, the resulting signals for radar and ultrasound are formally equal, which makes it possible to directly combine them numerically. That way, a modified radar image can be obtained which only contains the reflections from the inside and highlights interior defects.

Abstract The Pantanal wetland is an active sedimentary basin representing a relevant depositional setting for alluvial sedimentation studies. However, sedimentation homogeneity and the lack of outcrops makes sedimentary analysis more difficult. The Lower Nhecolândia is located at the Southern edge of the Taquari river megafan, whose genetic origin has been disputed as fluvial or eolian deposition. GPR analysis was used to characterize the subsurface stratigraphy and understand the region’s geomorphic evolution. The 100 MHz GPR provided continuous good quality sections up to a depth of 8 m. Two continuous reflections are disconformities that bound three depositional sequences characterized by distinct radar facies. The lower facies presents an upper erosional truncation followed by reflections presenting ∼1.5 m deep channelized forms and concave-up low amplitude reflections. The intermediate facies (∼4 m thick) presents a base with erosional truncation followed by concave-upward forms, ∼10 m wide, 1–3 m deep, separated by 1–2 m, and offlapping geometry. The upper facies has a flat base and thickness of 2–4 m, with parallel reflections; it shows a strong correlation between the radar facies and the forms preserved in the landscape, suggesting that channelized fluvial streams did not form them. The results obtained indicate that GPR use in the Pantanal is an important method to elucidate its geologic evolution.

WEATHER RADAR IMAGE IN CLIMATOLOGY - After a brief overview about weather radar as a remote sensing instrument, some problems concerning the use of radar images are discussed. The great interest of radar images as a tool in Climatology is pointed out. Finally, a case study about two rainfall events in Nancy (France) in April 1995 is presented.

ABSTRACT: One key factor for the advance in the study of fluvial deposits is the application of geophysical methods, being the Ground Penetrating Radar one of special value. Although applied to active rivers, the method is not extensively tested on the rock record, bearing interest for hydrocarbon reservoir analogue models. The São Sebastião and Marizal formations were the subject of previous studies, which made possible the comparison of Ground Penetrating Radar survey to previous stratigraphic studies in order to identify the best combination of resolution, penetration and antenna frequency for the studied subject. Eight radar facies were identified, being six of them related to fluvial sedimentary environments, one related to eolian sedimentary environment and one radar facies interpreted as coastal sedimentary environment. The Ground Penetrating Radar data showed compatibility to sedimentary structures in the outcrops, like planar and trough cross-stratified beds. It is noted that the obtained resolution was efficient in the identification of structures up to 0.3 m using a 100 MHz antenna. In this way, the Ground Penetrating Radar survey in outcrops bears great potential for further works on fluvial depositional architecture.

WEATHER RADAR IMAGE IN CLIMATOLOGY - After a brief overview about weather radar as a remote sensing instrument, some problems concerning the use of radar images are discussed. The great interest of radar images as a tool in Climatology is pointed out. Finally, a case study about two rainfall events in Nancy (France) in April 1995 is presented.

As Burundi faces its greatest challenges since the violencein 1993 that cost 300,000 lives, the way it manages thereturn and reintegration of IDPs and refugees will be adetermining factor for the success of its transition to peace.

Abstract Understanding the variability in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter as a function of the phenological variability of vegetation and tropical environmental conditions is still a challenge. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study addresses how both environmental and precipitation conditions, tidal range, and vegetation density affect the backscatter coefficients of coastal environments based on the analysis of four C-band, HH-Polarization, RADARSAT-1 Wide 1 images, in descending orbit, acquired in the wet and dry seasons. The canopy structural variations were analyzed using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and correlated with the backscatter values of SAR images, in order to define the predominant backscatter mechanisms, making it possible to distinguish the mangroves from the brackish marshes in the easternmost Amazon coastal plain (Caranguejos Island). The C-band, HH-Polarization RADARSAT-1 backscatter shows the highest correlation with average EVI values in the dry season. The results show that mangroves and brackish marshes can be distinguished in images acquired under low precipitation, especially in the dry season. Variations in the tidal conditions have no effect on the backscatter values of RADARSAT-1 images. We conclude, therefore, that multitemporal RADARSAT-1 images are adequate for monitoring and discriminating wetland environments in a humid tropical climate.

Las fotografías aéreas realizadas por Julio del Olmo en 1999 nos han permitido conocer de primera mano la existencia de un edificio de probable cronología romana junto al lavajo El Monduengo (Puras, Valladolid). Esta zona se localiza inmediatamente al sur de la villa romana de La Calzadilla, también conocida como villa romana de Almenara de Adaja-Puras, que se encuentra al sur de la provincia de Valladolid. Se ubica en una zona muy cercana a Coca (Segovia), la Cauca prerromana y romana cuya influencia seguramente se hizo sentir en el ritmo de colonización del campo de época romana altoimperial. En este trabajo proponemos la revisión de una de esas imágenes aéreas oblicuas tomadas por Julio del Olmo ya que, a pesar de su perspectiva, consta de gran calidad y además es la única que hasta 2020 nos mostraba los restos soterrados de este edificio. Además, hemos explorado las posibilidades para la teledetección que nos brinda la amplia serie de ortofotografías disponibles para la zona, incluyendo series históricas como USAF Serie B y el Vuelo Interministerial. Para la realización de este estudio, hemos empleado los fotogramas infrarrojos junto a la tradicional ortofotografía PNOA tomada en el espectro visible RGB, para calcular una serie de índices de vegetación y suelo que usan principalmente las bandas Roja e Infrarroja. Este trabajo de teledetección se ha realizado únicamente con imágenes públicas y software open-source (QGIS, R Project, SNAP). El estudio de la documentación gráfica nos ha llevado a plantear una prospección geofísica mediante georradar (Noggin 250 MhZ) para obtener una imagen actual y precisa que nos permita conocer la extensión y morfología de dicho edificio. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten comprender la evolución del yacimiento de Almenara de Adaja-Puras a lo largo de la época romana tardía con posterioridad al siglo III d.C. Además, comparamos esta estructura con algunas otras similares conocidas tanto en el propio yacimiento de La Calzadilla, como en otros del valle del Duero. ABSTRACT: In 1999, the aerial photographs taken by Julio del Olmo of several archaeological sites in the Duero valley allowed us to discover the existence of a new Roman building in the area of El Monduengo lagoon. This area is located immediately south of the well-known Roman villa of La Calzadilla, also known as the villa of Almenara de Adaja-Puras, in the south of the province of Valladolid, very close to Coca, the pre-Roman and Roman city of Cauca, whose influence was felt in the pace of Roman expansionism in countryside during the Early Imperial period. In this paper we propose to revisit of one of these oblique aerial images taken by Julio del Olmo, which, despite its oblique perspective, is of great quality. Moreover, even today, it is also the only image to date that shows us the buried remains of this Roman building. In addition, we have explored the possibilities for remote sensing provided by the wide range of publicly available orthophotographs, including historical series such as USAF Series B and the Interministerial Flight. In order to carry out this remote sensing study, we have used the Near Infrared frames recorded alongside the traditional PNOA orthophotography in the visible RGB spectrum. Using both RG and NIR bands we calculate vegetation and soil indices; these indices employ chiefly the Red and Near Infraed band of the electromagnetic spectrum. This remote sensing work has been carried out only with public images and open-source software (QGIS, R Project, SNAP). The study of the graphic documentation has led us to carry out a geophysical survey using Ground Penetrating Radar (Noggin 250 mhz). This way we obtain an updated and accurate image of the extension and morphological characteristics of the new building. This work is carried out in order to improve our understanding of the evolution of the Almenara de Adaja-Puras site from the end of the Late Iron Age to the Late Roman period. In addition, we compare this building with some other structures of a similar type known both at the La Calzadilla site and in other sectors of the Duero Valley.

The state´s administration, concerned about the importance of having an efficient Judicial System attempt to provide it with the required resources. Nevertheless, due to the state division in autonomies remarkable inequalities are produced between them. Along this essay, principally focused in Andalusian autonomous community, a comparison of the development of its judicial system efficiency will be analysed along with the rest of Spain. Given the specificities of each jurisdiction, the analysis will be done at a global level and later, specified in each jurisdiction. Via the radar chart’s technique improvements will be analysed throughout the following periods, 2009-2012, 2012-2015 y 2016-2018, placing Andalusia in the national context. The results show that, globally in the 2009-2012 period, Andalusia follows the improvement path as well as the rest of Spain, notwithstanding the Andalusian situation decays in the following period, 2012-2015, being the civil jurisdiction the most affected one. With an unprecedented use of this technique in justice, a new investigation field is discovered to analyse the public sector, whose proper function conditionate other ones and has direct economic implications for the country

The use of digital technology and the implementation of methodologies applied first to other disciplines is changing the way archaeological documentation is done. In the following article, we make an introduction to the functioning and possible functionalities of three of these tools applied to archaeological documentation.

El objetivo de este estudio es la localización de los restos de la construcción de una antigua nave anexa al edificio principal de la actual iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Salud construida a mediados del siglo XVI en la ciudad de Patzcuaro, Michoacán. Se aplicaron dos métodos de prospección geofísica: el magnético, en la modalidad de gradiente vertical, y el denominado Radar de Penetración Terrestre (GPR). Las imágenes de GPR definieron un reflector, cuya profundidad fluctuó entre 1,4 m y 2,2 m de profundidad, con una dirección NE-SW, formando un ángulo aproximado de 45° con relación al norte geográfico. Los datos magnéticos confirmaron la presencia de las estructuras definidas por el GPR, y además se pude advertir, mediante un análisis de filtrado, la presencia de un patrón de anomalías que podrían relacionarse con vestigios prehispánicos, más antiguos que los posibles restos de la nave anexa a la catedral.

Este artículo habla de la experiencia de Thomas Kuhn como físico: su educación en la disciplina, su servicio como experto durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y su investigación doctoral. Estudiamos un lapso de tiempo que va de 1940 a 1951. El objetivo en última instancia es ofrecer base empírica para valorar una afirmación como la de Mara Beller (1999), que dice que la descripción kuhniana de la ciencia normal está parcialmente basada en circunstancias y experiencias personales, no sólo en los datos históricos o en la evidencia disponible de la sociología de la ciencia. En este artículo se establece que dicha tesis es plausible.

La búsqueda de técnicas e instrumentos cada vez más poderosos y eficaces para la prospección aérea con aplicación arqueológica ha alcanzado cotas inimaginables hace unos decenios. En la actualidad las viejas técnicas de prospección aérea que admiraban a los pioneros de estas observaciones en los primeros decenios del siglo XX y sobre todo a partir de la II GM (Guerra Mundial) en que se empiezan a generalizar, son en la actualidad casi recuerdos del pasado. La observación efectuada a partir de la navegación espacial y la fabricación de nuevos dispositivos de detección capaces de descubrir en imágenes de óptima resolución restos y evidencias antes ignorados o desconocidos nos ponen ante un umbral de conocimientos cuyo desenlace no podemos predecir. Para el arqueólogo la posibilidad de acceder a esta información por medio de herramientas cada vez más sofisticadas se fundamenta en la capacidad de interrelación que tiene nuestra ciencia y en la infinita curiosidad que el arqueólogo debe desarrollar para recibir esta ingente información procedente de técnicos de ciencias aparentemente poco conexas con la nuestra como es la ingeniería espacial. Los equipamientos que permiten instrumentos como los que aquí se mencionan y en los que se fundamenta la teledetección aplicada a la Arqueología proceden de progresos científicos que antes eran completamente ajenos a nosotros pero que poco van entrando en nuestra investigación para su mejora y evolución progresiva. Un repaso desde las técnicas más sencillas que iniciaron esta carrera imparable como las sísmicas, electromagnéticas, sencillos detectores de metales, etc. dio paso a los llamados relojes radioactivos para llegar poco a poco a los sistemas de teledetección ahora tan en boga. La descripción del instrumento SAR (Radar de apertura sintética), constituye en la actualidad una de las novedades más espectaculares que puede entrar con fuerza en nuestro trabajo cotidiano. Sus aplicaciones y los distintos equipos, RADARSAT, SIR-A, ERS, EOS, SAR montado en avión: AIRSAR, son un futuro que ya es presente. Completamos el trabajo con un repertorio bibliográfico útil, así como unos índices y anexos de artículos disponibles en el mercado para aplicación arqueológica basada en imágenes por satélite.

ABSTRACT: Carajás Mineral Province, Amazon region, is the most important one in Brazil. Vale S.A. Company has the right to operate in the area of the N5E mine. The work is conducted on rock alteration products of low geomechanical quality related to sandstones, siltstones, and a lateritic cover. In order to monitor ground deformation, 33 TerraSAR-X images covering the period of March 2012-April 2013 were used in the investigation. An interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) approach based on permanent scatterer interferometry (PSI) using an interferometric point target analysis algorithm was applied. Results demonstrated that most of the area was considered stable during the time span of the image acquisition. However, persistent scatterers (PSs) with high deformation rates were mapped over a landfill probably related to settlements. To validate the PSI data, graphs were generated with the displaced information based on topographic measurements in the field. The graphs showed that the surface deformations during TSX-1 runway coverage are within the miner’s safety threshold and do not present a risk of major problems. The PSI data provided a synoptic and detailed view of the deformation process that affects the mining complex without the need of field campaign or instrumentation.

En Colombia, el estado de excepción es un mecanismo jurídico-político con el que el ejecutivo amplía sus facultades de manera transitoria bajo el pretexto de conjurar una grave confrontación al orden constitucional. Sin embargo, pese a su carácter excepcional, la realidad es que, dentro de la cultura jurídica y política nacional, el uso de esta figura es más bien normal. Es así como el presente artículo pretende valorar, a partir de una revisión histórica del periodo comprendido entre 1961 y 2022, la forma en que la excepcionalidad se ha vuelto recurrente, a través de los estados de excepción y otras figuras que permiten un margen de maniobra al poder ejecutivo extraordinario y fuera del radar de los controles constitucionales. En esa medida, el texto se ocupa de analizar cómo se ha aprovechado la noción de excepcionalidad como una forma propia de gobierno, prolongando de manera sutil los periodos de excepción para eludir los controles constitucionales que se les imponen. Para ello el artículo profundiza el ejemplo de lo que recientemente ha ocurrido con la emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19 en el país. Se emplean herramientas de análisis histórico, del contexto y de la comparación. In Colombia, the state of exception is a legal and political mechanism in which the head of the executive branch extends its powers temporarily under the pretext of averting a serious confrontation to the constitutional order. However, despite its exceptional nature, the reality is that within the national legal and political culture, the use of this figure is rather normal. Thus, this article aims to assess the way in which exceptionality has become recurrent, through states of exception and other figures that allow a margin of maneuver to the extraordinary executive power and outside the radar of constitutional controls. Likewise, the text examines how the governments have taken advantage of the notion of exceptionality as a form of government, subtly prolonging the periods of exception to circumvent the constitutional controls imposed on them. To this end, the article focuses in particular on what has recently happened with the health emergency caused by COVID-19 in the country. For this purpose, historical, contextual and comparative analysis tools were used. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1343

Aerial photography for military purposes started around 1880, when all major European armies used balloons as observation platforms. Starting from the first shot in 1911, the airplane gradually became the main photographic platform through all WWI to take both oblique and vertical aerial shots of front lines. The years 1919-1939 saw the development of topographic mapping from aerial photos, which led all colonial powers to map their areas of influence and to carry out “secret” aero-photographic missions. During WWII, all nations created specific air photographic planes for detecting targets, preparing attack missions and assessing damage, solving huge problems of altitude and autonomy and organizing dedicated photographic units. The Cold War led to the development of recce jet planes, where panchromatic, infrared and radar imagery sensors were installed on the nose of the aircraft. USA also developed strategic air photo collection systems including the U-2 and SR-71 “Blackbird”. The years 1959-1970 saw also the development of satellite photography: CIA’s Corona Project laid the foundation for intelligence satellite imagery. Between the 1970s and 2000s, new digital electro-optical or radar sensors for satellites with increasing resolution were developed both for military and civilian use. In parallel, unmanned Aerial Vehicles can take and send oblique motion video, while others can carry out systematic vertical footage of the terrain, such as the Buckeye system in Iraq and Afghanistan. From old balloon photographs to recent Buckeye imagery, an important secondary use of this military technology has been the opportunity to better study archaeological and monumental sites.

Sea level rise and sea state variability, resulting from climate change and global warming, are critical research areas. However, current techniques for observing and monitoring these phenomena have limitations in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, particularly in dynamic coastal zones. GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an emerging bistatic radar-based technique that utilizes the GNSS direct (transmitter-receiver) and reflected (transmitter-reflection point-receiver) signals to extract properties of the reflecting surface. This study explores the potential of airborne GNSS-R as a means to monitor sea state in coastal areas by using the Doppler spread and reflectivity as observables. The paper aims to derive a sea state factor from the reflected signal power and the Doppler shift distribution to analyze its correlation with wind speed and significant wave height data obtained from the ERA5 model. The experiment involved four flights conducted along the coast between Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in July 2019. A GNSS software receiver processes the direct and reflected signals, tracking and re-tracking the reflected signals with the aid of a specular reflection model. The resulting in-phase and quadrature components are analyzed in the spectral domain every minute to estimate the power, the surface reflectivity, and the relative Doppler shift. The findings reveal that the sea state factor and Doppler spreading are sensitive to sea state conditions, correlated with the ERA5 parameters, and influenced by the elevation angle of GNSS satellites. At low elevations (E

Sea level rise and sea state variability, resulting from climate change and global warming, are critical research areas. However, current techniques for observing and monitoring these phenomena have limitations in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, particularly in dynamic coastal zones. GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an emerging bistatic radar-based technique that utilizes the GNSS direct (transmitter-receiver) and reflected (transmitter-reflection point-receiver) signals to extract properties of the reflecting surface. This study explores the potential of airborne GNSS-R as a means to monitor sea state in coastal areas by using the Doppler spread and reflectivity as observables. The paper aims to derive a sea state factor from the reflected signal power and the Doppler shift distribution to analyze its correlation with wind speed and significant wave height data obtained from the ERA5 model. The experiment involved four flights conducted along the coast between Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in July 2019. A GNSS software receiver processes the direct and reflected signals, tracking and re-tracking the reflected signals with the aid of a specular reflection model. The resulting in-phase and quadrature components are analyzed in the spectral domain every minute to estimate the power, the surface reflectivity, and the relative Doppler shift. The findings reveal that the sea state factor and Doppler spreading are sensitive to sea state conditions, correlated with the ERA5 parameters, and influenced by the elevation angle of GNSS satellites. At low elevations (E

Abstract In the Bom Jardim de Goiás region, the Transbrasiliano Lineament shows evidence of a fault reactivation along NE-SW structures (main direction) and secondary directions related to subsequent events. To study the structural framework and reactivation inputs toward tectonic events, distinctive features of the northern Paraná Basin border were analyzed by integrating gamma spectrometry and radar data, both supported by field research. The remote sensing database obtained by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) sensor allowed detecting lineaments and morphometric derivatives. Besides, the developed morphogenetic process images attest to the importance of structural control on relief evolution while concentrating lineaments as a function of lithological and geomorphological domains. Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data processing focused on Kd (Anomalous Potassium) and F-Parameter indices. In this context, the fuzzy logic and Index Overlay Method allowed multivalued integration that indicated hydrothermal products and weathering processes correlated with Kd and F-Parameter anomalies. Thus, the joint interpretation of lineaments, geomorphological domains, and Kd/F-Parameter anomalies allowed differentiating primary geological elements and products from surface dynamics, directly or indirectly related to tectonic reactivation processes.

Immersive content has become a popular medium for storytelling. This type of content is typically accessed via a head-mounted visual display within which the viewer is located at the center of the action with the freedom to look around and explore the scene. The criteria for subtitle position for immersive media still need to be defined. Guiding mechanisms are necessary for circumstances in which the speakers are not visible and viewers, lacking an audio cue, require visual information to guide them through the virtual scene. The aim of this reception study is to compare different subtitling strategies: always-visible position to fixed-position and arrows to radar. To do this, feedback on preferences, immersion (using the ipq questionnaire) and head movements was gathered from 40 participants (20 hearing and 20 hard of hearing). Results show that always-visible subtitles with arrows are the preferred option. Always-visible and arrows achieved higher scores in the ipq questionnaire than fixed-position and radar. Head-movement patterns show that participants move more freely when the subtitles are always-visible than when they are in a fixed position, meaning that with always-visible subtitles the experience is more realistic, because the viewers do not feel constrained by the implementation of subtitles.

In this paper, the military term combinations and military metaphors in the official documents are identified and analyzed by the methods of corpus and cognitive linguistics. The comparative approach was pursued to show their common usage in the unified official document of NATO. The purpose of the study is to recommend the methodology for statistical and automated identification of term combinations in the parallel corpus of the official texts and to recommend the methods of cognitive linguistics such as the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (hereinafter – CMT) and the Conceptual Blending Theory (hereinafter – CBT) for the analysis of the military metaphor in the parallel corpus of official texts. The ultimate aim of the study is to analyze NATO’s military terminology and understand the military conceptual metaphor in official business documents to demonstrate a deep understanding of military-political discourse. The removal of the highly specialized terminology from NATO’s official business documents is conditioned by the presence of language units with the semantic structure indicating military, political and humanitarian features that distinguish NATO from other organizations. In our research, the sampling of nominative units used to denote the military concept of NATO as an international organization evidenced a wide reproduction of the accurate and definite content that deprives its components of the semantic ambiguity. At the same time, the speech expression is fixed in texts from positions of observation of the language that allows us to identify the dynamics of language changes in general and on the general scale in particular. The analytical method of observation in the context of our research envisages the collection of scientific information and identification of linguistic characteristics of NATO’s official business terminology. In particular, we separated a number of two-, three- and four-component phrases from OBD. The sampling included the following phrases used to denote: 1) nuclear-powered rocket weapons system: nuclear cruise missile submarine; wire guarded missile; nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine; rocket-assisted projectile; 2) radio-electronic and other technical tools: artillery radar complex; beam rider guidance; uninterruptible – power supply; laser range finder; ambush detection device; on-board electronic computer system; 3) reorganization of ground forces and senior management units: paramilitary mining rescue unit; logistics operations center; emergency unit; 4) change of some fundamental provisions (doctrines) in tactics and operational art: nuclear detonation detection; electronic countermeasures; protection of safety information. Thus, the semantic dominance of the highly specialized terminology in NATO’s official business documents is confirmed by a large sampling based on features identified as a result of monitoring of their extralingual indicators. The research value of the sampling consists in the fact that the selected terminological phrases lead to an improvement of their understanding and the effective practical application of the research. We also used the statistical and automated methods of a NATO term combination separation from the collocation to not hinder the presentation and perception of the corpus of UN parallel texts. The quantitative expression of results of the corpus analysis of the NATO’s term combination and the commonly used phrase encourages to choose the optimal way to single out a referent of a certain military sphere, and in such event its nomination corresponds to the official business document assigned to this term combination. As the research showed, the mechanism of use of CBT for the analysis of the cognitive model of a metaphor with the author’s conceptualization demonstrates condensed intra-domain properties. By singling out four spaces, we traced their mutual designing that indicates a shorter distance between the domains than originally expected. In comparison, the military term combinations in these fragments are used to provide specific information about the military, such as the shoestring budget and the cavalry regiment. On the other hand, the military metaphors are used to convey complex ideas and comparisons, such as the sitting duck and tank battalion. Both the military term combinations and metaphors contribute to the overall effectiveness of the language used to describe NATO’s land forces and their challenges. Conclusion. The study was focused on the identification and analysis of the term combination and metaphor in the official document by the methods of corpus and cognitive linguistics to confirm their common usage in the unified official document of NATO. We tried to justify the hypothesis according to which these subjects have common features in the lexical form and the military lexical meaning. The first of the two linguistic analyses was aimed at giving the global perspective on the most frequent term combinations and comparing them with the most commonly used word combinations in the parallel corpus of the official texts to identify the coefficient of their informational value. Statistical and automated methods of the linguistic analysis confirmed the high reproducibility of the NATO’s term combination in the parallel corpus of the official texts. Taking into consideration the results, the field-specific military term combinations serve as a joining link that will provide the unity of the content plan and its expression [Solano, 2013, p. 167–180] as had been stated before. On the other hand, the second analysis was created to illustrate the cognitive model of the metaphor through the military expression. As the conducted study found, the mechanism of the usage of the TCB for the analysis of the cognitive model metaphor showed short intradomain properties. This identification helped to determine four spaces where we traced their mutual projection which showed the shorter distance between the domains than had been expected at the beginning of the study. At the final phase of the study we focused on the identification of the field-specific term combination and military metaphor in the official document under the title “NATO’s Land Forces: Losing Ground”. Though the term combination and metaphor are different categories, their common usage in the official document shows the similarity which can create a common category, the military metaphor in the official terminology of NATO. As far as specific results are concerned, the following conclusions can be drawn referring to the official business document dealing with training mission in Afghanistan (2019): 1) The similarity between the term combination and metaphor is found in the chain of semantic dependence between the terms in the fragment of the official document. The meaning of the language units (the term combination, the metaphor) colors the fragment content with the military and identification sense. 2) The difference between the military term combination and the military metaphor lies in the usage of them in text. On the one hand, military term combinations used in the text convey meaning related to military operations rely on technical language to convey specific information, while on the other hand, military metaphors use imagery and comparisons to convey abstract concepts in a more relatable way.

Presentamos un complejo minero dedicado a la extracción del sílex denominado Botorrita-Monegros, demandado en diferentes momentos de la Prehistoria. Para su documentación se programó una prospección a tres escalas: 1) prospección superficial intensiva para acotar las áreas de interés; 2) ortofotografía y MDE de las zonas de mayor potencial mediante RPAS; 3) prospección magnética y georradar, para determinar la estructura del subsuelo. El resultado es la identificación de un complejo de unas 30 ha con restos de minería de transferencia a cielo abierto basada en la excavación de pozos y su ampliación en plataformas, generando modelados superficiales con formas circulares y semicirculares. Las minas reflejan labores sistemáticas, probablemente neolíticas, a cargo de individuos con cierto grado de especialización, que justificarían la dispersión del sílex Botorrita-Monegros por buena parte del valle del Ebro y entorno. ABSTRACT: In this paper we present a new mining complex in the Iberian Peninsula for the supply of flint (Botorrita-Monegros type). The demarcation of exploitation areas and their characteristics has been tackled in a three strategies program: 1) systematic and intense field walking survey of the main exploitation area, 2) photogrammetric drone flight at low altitude to obtain an orthophotograph and a DEM, and 3) geophysical survey (magnetometer and ground-penetrating radar) to obtain a 3-dimensional insight of the subsoil. As a result, we have identified the main exploitation spots in a mining complex that spreads over ca. 30 ha. The morphological evidences are compatible with a systematic surface mining based in the excavation of open-pits that are later on enlarged into platforms that cut the calcareous overburden. The resulting circular or semicircular debris dumps reach 20-25 m in diameter and 2-3 m in depth. These mines reflect systematic carried over time, probably Neolithic, managed by groups of individuals with certain level of specialization. This could explain the broad distribution of flint of the type Botorrita-Monegros in a great part of the Ebro Valley.

For the findings of non-destructive testing on buildings have only been provided in specific cases. To facilitate all-encompassing quality control throughout the construction's entire lifespan, it might be ideal to integrate the different findings, track their evolution across duration, and apply them when performing on-the-spot maintenance duties. Under the context of building information modelling (BIM), opportunities are established throughout this achievement, enabling the integration of non-destructive testing findings through digital building models. An inventive augmented reality (AR) visualization technique is shown as an illustration of the combined use of planned and measured results. An augmented reality application is being put into place that overlays the camera picture of a tablet looking at a piece of concrete using images captured by radar and ultrasonic sensors of the sample's interior (actual data) and the three-dimensional design layout of the integrated pieces (target data). The geometric relationship between the inner images and the camera image remains intact whenever the device turns or shifts. Therefore, the device's display provides a view inside the concrete structure's interior. The procedures required to prepare and evaluate the findings of non-destructive testing have been collected, and potential markers for linking the physical and digital realms have been explored. The objective is to assess the state, enable model-based examination, and upkeep operations instantly within the framework by enhancing the preparation of data as well as evaluation outcomes with extra data and displaying the findings in their actual situations.

Dans le domaine du diagnostic des structures en bois, il est nécessaire d’apporter une méthodologie innovante avec des outils précis pour obtenir des analyses fiables sur l’état du bâtiment sans dégrader les parois. Cependant, les structures en bois se détériorent sous l'effet de contraintes mécaniques et des conditions climatiques. Les propriétés physiques et mécaniques de ce matériau dépendent des conditions d'exposition et de leurs variations. Dans le cas des constructions à ossature bois, la seule méthode pour évaluer leur état de santé consiste à démonter et endommager les éléments périphériques afin d'observer l'état et les pathologies des différentes couches et matériaux constitutifs. Par conséquent, il est impératif de prendre des mesures d'évaluation et de contrôle non destructif (CND) afin de vérifier leur conformité aux normes applicables à la livraison et de suivre leur évolution au fil du temps. Cela permettra de prédire la durée de vie des structures et de gérer de manière durable le patrimoine bâti. Cette étude propose de développer une approche novatrice utilisant les ondes radar millimétriques pour caractériser les matériaux constituants des assemblages à ossature bois.

In 2017, ScanPyramids project (www.scanpyramids.org) published a paper in Nature (Morishima et al., 2017) revealing the discovery of a big void (ScanPyramids Big Void BV) observed with nuclear emulsion films (Muography), it has a cross-section similar to that of the Grand Gallery and a minimum length of 30 meters situated above the Grand Gallery. In addition, a geometrically non-identified void in the Northern Face of the Pyramid (ScanPyramids Northern Face Corridor SP-NFC) was detected as well in 2017 followed by further detailed and focused muography measurements up to 2022 (Morishima and Procureur et al., 2023). ScanPyramids SP-NFC corridor has been investigated in more detail with a wider set of non-destructive techniques. The result of GPR, Ultrasonic and image fusion detected precisely the location and shape of ScanPyramids SP-NFC (Elkarmoty and Rupfle et al.,2023). In this paper, we present overview on the application of Muography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Ultrasonic Tomography, and Electrical Resistivity Tomography on the Chevron of the Great Pyramid where ScanPyramids SPNFC is located behind. The objective of the NDT measurements is to detect the geometry, location, orientation, and extension of ScanPyramids SP-NFC with more than one NDT method. The paper addresses the validity and limitations of each method used providing the limitations of each technique in this particular case study.

Due to the new requirements that are being demanded of the Nuclear Power Plants for their License Renewal (LR), Life Extension (LE) and Long Term Operation (LTO), it is necessary to verify the integrity of several civil structures, such as the containment building, used fuel building and cooling towers, among others. In general, the objectives of Non-Destructive Test methods (NDT) for the inspection of concrete structures in nuclear power plants can be arranged into: location of the reinforcement and tendons, determination of the state of the concrete matrix, determination of the corrosion of the metallic armor and detection of cracks, voids, inclusions and delaminations in the matrix of the structure. For this, Tecnatom, based on the experience acquired in the field of NDT, has developed a set of techniques for determining the structures condition including surface hardness testing, ultrasound (transverse wave pulse-echo and transmission speed), electromagnetic methods (Ground Penetrating Radar - GPR) and non-contact techniques such as Infrared Thermography (IRT). The method and technique best suited for a given inspection has to be selected depending on the objective sought, the typical defectology of the component, the characteristics of the structure and the conditions of the inspection itself. In this work it is presented an example of the development and in-field application of the IRT method for the inspection of a concrete structure in a nuclear power plant to detect possible delaminations caused by the corrosion of the metallic reinforcement.

Delimitation of areas subject to flooding is crucial to understand water dynamics and fluvial changes. This study analyzed the potential of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite in 2017, 2018, and 2019 to delineate flooded areas in the Central Amazon. The images were processed by the Artificial Neural Network Multi-Layer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) and two K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN-7 and KNN-11) machine learning (ML) classifiers. Pre-processing of Single Look Complex (SLC) SAR images involved the following methodological steps: orbit-file application; radiometric calibration (σ0); Range-Doppler terrain correction; speckle noise filtering; and conversion of linear data to backscattering coefficients (units in dB). We applied the Lee filter, with a window size of 3x3, for speckle filtering. A set of 6000 randomly distributed samples for training (70%), validation (20%), and test (10%) was obtained based on visual interpretation of Sentinel-2 optical satellite image acquired in the same years of SAR images. We found the largest flooded areas in 2019 in the study area (municipality of Parintins and Urucará, Amazonas River, Brazil): 6244km2 by the ANN-MLP classifier; 6268km2 by KNN-7; and 6290km2 by KNN-11, while the smallest flooded areas were found in 2018: 5364km2 by ANN-MLP; 5412km2 by KNN-7; and 5535km2 by KNN-11. The three classifiers presented Kappa coefficients between 0.77 and 0.91. ANN-MLP showed the best accuracy. The presence of shadow effects in the SAR images increased the commission errors.

Resumo O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre trabalhos análogos à escravidão no Brasil e que têm sido bastante utilizados dentro das práticas empresariais do capital global. Trata-se de tema pouco explorado nas pesquisas em Administração. Nesse sentido, o objetivo central, neste artigo, é analisar os desdobramentos dos trabalhos análogos à escravidão no século XXI. Quanto ao método, usou-se o enfoque materialista histórico-dialético, além de uma abordagem qualitativa contemplada em pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais. Para análise da investigação, entre casos notificados nos anos de 1995 a 2022, foram utilizados os dados secundários de autuação do Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência, bem como sua “lista suja” do trabalho escravo e, ainda, os dados do Radar SIT. Além disso, este escrito tem aporte de matérias jornalísticas que retratam as fiscalizações do trabalho escravo moderno, possibilitando assim exemplificações de suas práticas na coetaneidade. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a própria falta de políticas públicas mais assertivas e a fragilidade da aplicabilidade penal da legislação brasileira têm sido fatores de dificuldade para a erradicação do trabalho escravo moderno no país.

Abstract Mass movements naturally occurring along slopes, especially after heavy rains, cause heavy losses of materials and life and affect highways, pipelines, and bridges, among other structures. Among the most common mass movements, landslides and subsequent mass flows especially stand out. Remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques are useful tools for geological and geotechnical analysis, here applied to characterization of mass movements from the analysis of the influence of slopes, lineaments or fractures, and geological-geotechnical at the junction of the Curral homocline and the Moeda syncline, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Southeast Brazil. The area consists of Archean granitic-gneissic basement and the greenstone belt sequence of the Rio das Velhas Supergroup with Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Minas Supergroup covering these two older successions. Based on satellite images, a preliminary map of lineaments was created, and fractures were grouped according to their direction before being rasterized. Each lineament group was associated with a previously known geological and/or structural feature. Geological units mapped in the area were numerically classified according to their mass movement susceptibility and related geotechnical units. Using a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) image, a terrain slope raster was generated. The objective was to obtain a raster indicating low and high probabilities of mass movements. Four sets of lineaments were identified: the first set associated with the northeast strike stratification of the rocks of the Moeda Formation; the second set related to eastward-trending warp axis lineations; the third set related to the southeast trend of stretch lineaments or mafic dykes directions; and the fourth set evidently associated with the watershed pattern of the Curral Range crest, perpendicular to the strike of the rocks in the area. Simulations with different combinations of parameters produced eight scenarios were generated were constructed to classify the area as to its susceptibility to rupture through changes in slope, lithotype, and lineament density; the first four (1 to 4) were classified by using the slope percentage raster without interval reclassification, so its values in the cartographic algebra were not grouped. The last for (5 to 8), consider the slope percentage classified. This methodology successfully combines mathematical models for predicting mass movements and determining areas in the urban landscape most susceptible to these phenomena. As such, it comprises a useful tool for government planning of preventative actions for areas of high risk.

Portugal, with circa 10 million inhabitants, has almost 800 young people, aged 16-24 years, serving prison sentences. The majority comes from low-income families living in sensitive urban areas of Lisbon and Oporto, with low levels of education, and many are Afro-Portuguese or come from African Portuguese-speaking countries. These young people are thus identified with the neighbourhoods where they live, portrayed as violent and problematic. The narratives from the actors of the justice system we interviewed suggest that such depiction results from a set of plural disruptions – social, legal, and institutional – leading to the selectivity and criminalisation of this group of young people. We thus call them the “damned of inclusion” since the plurality of exclusions affecting them hasn’t been addressed holistically by the social inclusion programs created in the last decades. Since these young men are “caught under the radar”, there seems to be a criminal reaction from the law, the judicial practices and the prison system – which turns into a normalizing response. Portugal, con cerca de 10 millones de habitantes, tiene casi 800 jóvenes, de edades entre 16 y 24 años, cumpliendo sentencias de prisión. La mayoría son de familias de bajos ingresos que residen en áreas urbanas sensibles de Lisboa y Oporto, con bajos niveles educativos. Muchos son afroportugueses u originarios de países lusoparlantes de África. Esos jóvenes son identificados, entonces, con los barrios donde viven, retratados como violentos y problemáticos. Las narrativas de los actores que entrevistamos del sistema judicial hacen pensar que dicha descripción resulta de un conjunto de rupturas plurales –sociales, jurídicas e institucionales– conducentes a la selección y criminalización de ese grupo de jóvenes. Así, los denominamos los “malditos de la integración”, ya que los programas de integración social de las últimas décadas no se han ocupado holísticamente de la pluralidad de exclusiones que los afectan. Dado que esos jóvenes pasan inadvertidos, parece haber una reacción penal por parte del derecho, las prácticas judiciales y el sistema de prisiones, lo cual se convierte en una respuesta normalizadora. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1235

This paper explores how to best identify clients for housing services based on their homeless shelter access patterns. We utilize the number of shelter stays and episodes of shelter use for a client within a specified time window. Thresholds are then applied to these values to determine if that individual is a good candidate for housing support. Using new housing referral impact metrics, we explore a range of threshold and time window values to determine which combination both maximizes impact and identifies good candidates for housing as soon as possible. New insights are also provided regarding the characteristics of the “under-the-radar” client group who are typically not identified for housing support.

Abstract As Brazil makes it to international headlines with its new official stance against human rights and environmental protection, one can hardly imagine that the country was, at one point, engaged in human rights cooperation in the Global South. Most of these projects were outside of the media’s radar, as they were low-budget initiatives developed in small and poor countries. One might reasonably ask: Why engage in small, low-profile projects on marginalized topics in the peripheries of the Global South? This article addresses this question by presenting data and testimonies of individuals working on two of those experiences, namely Brazil’s cooperation with Haiti for the promotion of the rights of persons with disabilities; and Brazil’s cooperation with El Salvador for the protection of children against violence and abuse. This article will suggest that the answer to the proposed research question is to be found in the rich experiences these projects brought to the bureaucrats who were, in their own domestic contexts, struggling to secure a place for their policy issues in the agenda.

The state´s administration, concerned about the importance of having an efficient Judicial System attempt to provide it with the required resources. Nevertheless, due to the state division in autonomies remarkable inequalities are produced between them. Along this essay, principally focused in Andalusian autonomous community, a comparison of the development of its judicial system efficiency will be analysed along with the rest of Spain. Given the specificities of each jurisdiction, the analysis will be done at a global level and later, specified in each jurisdiction. Via the radar chart’s technique improvements will be analysed throughout the following periods, 2009-2012, 2012-2015 y 2016-2018, placing Andalusia in the national context. The results show that, globally in the 2009-2012 period, Andalusia follows the improvement path as well as the rest of Spain, notwithstanding the Andalusian situation decays in the following period, 2012-2015, being the civil jurisdiction the most affected one. With an unprecedented use of this technique in justice, a new investigation field is discovered to analyse the public sector, whose proper function conditionate other ones and has direct economic implications for the country

El presente estudio contempla un análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales y datos meteorológicos de un grupo de glaciares denominados Glaciares Escondidos, ubicados al suroeste del Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur. Compuesto por los glaciares Dickson, Cubo y Frías, este ha sufrido un marcado retroceso de sus frentes que se aceleró en los últimos 10 años. La alimentación de los glaciares Dickson y Frías se hacía originalmente por una sola corriente de hielo y solían actuar como diques naturales, evitando el flujo del agua entre el Lago Frías y el Lago Dickson. Debido a la pérdida de masa y el retroceso de sus frentes, las aguas que recorrían más de 250 km atravesando por completo la árida llanura de la Patagonia para desembocar en el Océano Atlántico, hoy lo hacen hacia el Océano Pacífico navegando las aguas de los fiordos chilenos que fluyen hacia el oeste. Se observan formaciones de lagos proglaciarios, un aumento en la velocidad de retroceso y una elevada velocidad de flujo del hielo, las cuales fueron estimadas con mediciones multitemporales y la técnica de offset tracking con imágenes radar. Asimismo, se presentan análisis de balances de masa sobre estos tres glaciares de los últimos 20 años, utilizando el método geodésico.

Abstract Landslide identification is important for understanding their conditioning factors, and for constructing susceptibility, risk, and vulnerability maps. In remote sensing this can be accomplished manually or through classifiers. This study compares three image classifiers (Maximum Likelihood, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines (SVM)) used in identifying landslides in Itaóca (São Paulo, Brazil). Two datasets were used: a RapidEye-5 (5 m) image and a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) (12.5 m). Seven pixel-based classifications were produced, two for each classifier and a binary class that identified only landslides and non-landslides. One classification contained five spectral bands (5B), while the other contained six bands (6B) and included the slope derived from the DEM. The results were validated using Kappa index and F1 score. The SVM 6B classification achieved the best results among the validation indices used herein. It identified a landslide area of 399,325 m². The results contribute to landslide mapping in tropical environments using pixel-based classifiers. However, although the SVM classification was successful, only landslides with larger areas were captured by the algorithms, confirming the importance of conducting further analyses using images with finer spatial resolution.

Abstract Sequence stratigraphy is a method that unravels the evolution of sedimentation through time and space within sedimentary basins. Nowadays, the exploration and production of natural resources generated by or related to sedimentary processes depend on constructing a chronostratigraphic framework to identify sequences of distinct hierarchies. In clastic and carbonate successions, exploratory studies focus on higher-rank sequences to evaluate the potential of natural resources and to make discoveries. Conversely, lower-rank (i.e. high-frequency) sequences characterize and highlight the spatial and temporal occurrence of natural resource deposits and heterogeneities, necessary for optimizing production. For instance, high-resolution sequence stratigraphic surfaces may indicate the location of placer deposits or coal seams. In the petroleum industry, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy is applied in reservoir zonation and characterization, which are the stratigraphic essence of 3D geological and fluid flow models. Thus, this methodology can guide reservoir management, forecast and optimize production, and increase the ultimate recovery factor. Recent technological innovations such as virtual outcrop models and Ground Penetration Radar have promoted a significant advance in the visualization of surfaces and stacking patterns, making stratigraphic analysis more accurate and efficient than the traditional use of analogs.

Abstract Saturated thickness is a vital parameter in the assessment of hydrogeological reserves. By considering thickness variations associated with faults, the present study aimed to evaluate the water reserves of an unconfined aquifer. The study area was the Barreiras Aquifer in the lower course of the Maxaranguape River in Brazil. The methodology involved morphotectonic and lithostratigraphic analysis, well profile correlation, and hydrogeological and geoelectrical analysis (vertical electrical sounding, VES). The morphotectonic analysis employed topographical (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and hydrographical data to support the structural characterization, considering the lack of outcrops with specific features in the area. The results of these assessments enabled the creation of a morphotectonic lineament map, highlighting the prevailing NE and NW directions. The hydrogeophysical cross sections obtained from geoelectrical inverse models and well data reveal saturated thickness values ranging from 19 to 66 m, featuring some lineaments as faults. The hydrogeological reserve was calculated based on 18 subareas associated with blocks resulting from structural compartmentalization. Based on an area of approximately 250 km2, the average saturated thickness for each subarea, and an average effective porosity of 7.6%, the saturated reserve is estimated to be 8.7 × 108 m3.

Indigenous feminist bloggers weave an intersectional, rhetorical story that lances the core of American popular culture and misinformed imaginations. The Native American women bloggers introduced in this essay are unknown to most non-Native Americans, most rhetoric scholars, and most feminists, but should be on our radar because of their refusal to be constrained by colonialist binaries, single rhetorical forms, or imposed boundedness to the margins. These Indigenous feminists practice in the digital space to reinforce and reclaim rhetorical sovereignty as an outcome for themselves and their communities. Once the weaving is complete, the resultant warmth of rhetorical sovereignty provides some protection from the cold colonial stories of erasure and absence.

Abstract: Madagascar has one of the lowest GDPs in the world. Colonization brought the country into the global economy, but left it at its margins—vulnerable to the hardships of structural adjustment and limitations of state infrastructure. This analysis reveals economic decision-making that defies the utilitarian logic of homo economicus and inspires creative thinking about alternatives to growth as a dominant paradigm. In northern Madagascar, the economy of the stimulant khat is part of one socionatural world characterized by low levels of production and consumption. Madagascar provides a case study for suggesting that "making a living" invokes an intricate web of material desires, cultural meaning, and social connections that do not necessarily revolve around a capitalist growth motive. This article proposes that a path to sustainability is not only in changing social imaginaries but also in valorizing and leveraging cognitive orientations and practices that exist but that may fall below the radar of traditional economic analysis. Keywords: Madagascar, khat, utilitarian, degrowth, economy, urban

In December 2015, after 3 year of activity, the FP7 project PREFER (Space-based Information Support for Prevention and REcovery of Forest Fires Emergency in the MediteRranean Area) came to an end. The project was designed to respond to the need to improve the use of satellite images in applications related to the emergency services, in particular, to forest fires. The project aimed at developing, validating and demonstrating information products based on optical and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery for supporting the prevention of forest fires and the recovery/damage assessment of burnt area. The present paper presents an improved version of one of the products developed under the PREFER project, which is the Daily Fire Hazard Index (DFHI).

During the months of July and August of 2003, the Pachacamac Archaeological Project, under the co-direction of Izumi Shimada, Rafael Segura, and María Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, conducted its first season of what is envisioned as long-term fieldwork. This project with its interdisciplinary and international character has the principal objective of elucidating the social foundations and environmental context of the famed site of Pachacamac. One of the specific aims of our fieldwork in 2003 was to define the location and extent of residential areas corresponding to different time periods by means of ground-penetrating radar survey and related test excavations. In this paper, we present the salient results of this fieldwork in the area of the Pilgrims’ Plaza close to the so-called Incaic’ushnu. Notable among the various documented Ychsma occupational levels are those with indications of repeated “cántaro burials and veneration”; in most cases each vessels was placed inside a carefully built adobe or stone enclosure. In general, the data we collected force us to reassess the existing conception of this “sacred zone” in light of (1) the discovery of numerous, dense and superimposed offerings of mundane items associated with quincha and adobe structures, that are equally superimposed but spatially differentiated, and (2) the documentation of a series of important changes over time in the nature of the use of the zone.

During the months of July and August of 2003, the Pachacamac Archaeological Project, under the co-direction of Izumi Shimada, Rafael Segura, and María Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, conducted its first season of what is envisioned as long-term fieldwork. This project with its interdisciplinary and international character has the principal objective of elucidating the social foundations and environmental context of the famed site of Pachacamac. One of the specific aims of our fieldwork in 2003 was to define the location and extent of residential areas corresponding to different time periods by means of ground-penetrating radar survey and related test excavations. In this paper, we present the salient results of this fieldwork in the area of the Pilgrims’ Plaza close to the so-called Incaic’ushnu. Notable among the various documented Ychsma occupational levels are those with indications of repeated “cántaro burials and veneration”; in most cases each vessels was placed inside a carefully built adobe or stone enclosure. In general, the data we collected force us to reassess the existing conception of this “sacred zone” in light of (1) the discovery of numerous, dense and superimposed offerings of mundane items associated with quincha and adobe structures, that are equally superimposed but spatially differentiated, and (2) the documentation of a series of important changes over time in the nature of the use of the zone.

Crítica aos espectáculos do Festival de Performance e Artes da Terra: Escrita na Paisagem 2010. À transparência, de Joana Craveiro, Antiga Fábrica dos Leões, Universidade de Évora, 2010. Ópera dos cinco €, de Regina Guimarães, encenação de Igor Gandra, Teatro de Ferro, Teatro do Frio, Radar 360, Festival Escrita na Paisagem, FIMP – Festival Internacional de Marionetas do Porto e Teatro Nacional São João, no Jardim do Chão das Canas (frente ao Teatro Garcia de Resende), Évora, 2010. A comissão, de Ana Vitorino e Carlos Costa, encenação de Ana Vitorino e Carlos Costa, Visões Úteis, Sala de reuniões do Hotel D. Fernando, Évora, 2010. Chegadas, encenação de Joana Craveiro, Teatro do Vestido, Estação Ferroviária de Évora, 2010. Cartas telegramas e postais, de Maria Gil, Teatro do Silêncio, Cine-Teatro de Arraiolos, 2010. Memória de uma amnésia, de Eric de Sarria e Nancy Ruzek, Companhia Phillipe Genty, Antiga Fábrica dos Leões, Universidade de Évora, 2010.

Este artigo aborda a utilização de imagens de satélites como suporte para evidenciar a expansão histórico-cartográfica das fronteiras paulistas entre o descobrimento do Brasil e a sua independência, recurso esse utilizado na exposição Cartografia de uma história, realizada no Museu Paulista da USP em 2005. As imagens foram aquelas do Modis, do Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission e do Satélite Landsat-5. As cenas foram georreferenciadas valendo-se da ferramenta Spring e dos mosaicos georretificados disponibilizados pela Nasa. Sobre estes produtos foi lançado um valioso conjunto de informações cartográficas coletadas pelas pesquisadoras da Cátedra Jaime Cortesão da USP. O conjunto inclui o Tratado de Tordesilhas, com suas distorções, o Mapa das Cortes, as capitanias, as bandeiras, as monções, as trilhas, os tropeirismos, ou seja, todo o conjunto de ações pioneiras que permitiram consolidar o território paulista e grande parte da identidade espacial brasileira. Foram analisados também o mito da Ilha Brasil e os enlaces das bacias do rio Amazonas e do rio Paraná-Prata a partir dos atributos geomorfológicos dispostos nas imagens orbitais. Os resultados foram consolidados em um banco de dados de 800 megabites, sendo dispostos em exposição junto ao Museu Paulista. Este artigo descreve os procedimentos metodológicos de geração e de análise das imagens bem como sintetiza os resultados alcançados.

Stateless persons do not register on the international community’s radar screen. Recent research suggests that 11 million people lack citizenship or effective nationality. This is a gross violation of Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which holds that every person “has a right to a nationality”.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze the sedimentary record of the coastal plain of Pelotas Basin, placing it in the context of temporal and spatial scales, and proposing a stratigraphic hierarchical framework. The coastal plain, located in southern Brazil and in northern Uruguay, is mainly formed by four Quaternary barrier-lagoon systems. Three of these systems were studied through the integration of surface and subsurface data (geomorphological and topographical mapping, outcrops description, geoprocessing, dating and Ground Penetrating Radar - GPR - records) and interpreted as the preserved, onshore portion of depositional sequences mainly controlled by glacioeustatic cycles of about 100 kyr. The stacking pattern comprising these sequences is progradational with seaward downsteping (highest sea-levels measured: 9.5, 8 and 3 m, respectively), comprehending a degradational sequence set, or the regressive/falling stage systems tract of a higher order depositional sequence identified in seismic sections, with about 0.5 Ma. The youngest sequence has diachronous systems tracts - while some sectors have already transitioned from the transgressive to the highstand/falling stage systems tract, others are still under a transgressive context. It indicates that, in this time and scale, the sea level is not the main control of coastal evolution, and autogenic factors are fundamental in the run of geological record.

ABSTRACT: Southwestern São Francisco Craton makes limit with Brasília thrust-fold belt and involves rocks from Archean to formed during the Brasiliano-Pan Africano Neoproterozoic event, including a mafic-ultramafic belt (Morro do Ferro Greenstone Belt) hosted along the Archean counterpart. This greenstone belt hosts two-nickel deposits (Morro do Níquel and O'Toole, respectively silicate and sulfide types) and occurrences. This study applies an empirical-conceptual model for lateritic nickel deposits formation into geographic information systems with aerogeophysical data (magnetic and gamma-spectrometry) and digital elevation models (terrain relief and slope). Our contribution aims for nickel deposits favorability mapping using a simple mathematical operator over a supporting spatial database translating the conceptual exploration model into evidential layers for geological processes involved on deposit formation. Evidential layers constructed for identification of elements pertaining the supergene nickel mineral system are given by analytic signal amplitude maps, thorium over potassium ratio images, and digital elevation models and slope maps, derived from shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation models. Evidential layers integration through binary layers algebraic sum identified effectively known deposits and occurrences with its outputs highlighting possibilities for unknown resources in this under-explored terrain.

O artigo discute a aplicação sistemática do método geofísico Radar de Penetração no Solo (GPR) na prospecção arqueológica intrassítio realizada no sítio do Porto (PA 00788), localizado em área urbana, no município de Santarém, Pará. O método indicou diferentes tipos de anomalia, testados por meio de escavações. Os resultados apontaram para a existência de feições antrópicas para deposição de lixo e de áreas para a produção de artefatos líticos, além de um enterramento secundário em urna cerâmica, o que permitiu ampliar o conhecimento sobre os contextos domésticos da cultura Santarém (1000-1600 A.D.).