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The surface subsidence caused by coal mining in the aeolian sand area of China northwest has seriously affected the soil pore structure and distribution of water and nutrients. In this study, three sample areas (one unexploited area RF, one edge subsidence area MF, and one dynamic subsidence area DF) were set at Dafanpu Coal Mine. The soil moisture content (SMC) and soil organic matter (SOM) content were measured at depths of 0–60 cm for each sampling point. The spatial variability of SMC and SOM in both vertical and horizontal dimensions was examined. Based on computed tomography (CT) technology, the true pore structure of typical soil samples at different depths was scanned, and three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of soil pores were carried out using Amira Avizo software. The correlation between SMC, SOM content and soil pore parameters was presented, and the influence mechanism of soil pore change on water and nutrient variation in subsidence area was revealed. The results show that the SMC and SOM contents in the subsidence area at a depth of 0–60 cm are lower than those in the unexploited area. The mining-induced subsidence exacerbates the spatial heterogeneity of the horizontal distribution of SMC and SOM content. The variation coefficients of SMC and SOM content increase by 35.77% to 39.56% and 33.29% to 42.74%. The mining-induced subsidence increases the number and porosity of soil pores, particularly the number and porosity of macropores. The connectivity of soil pores in subsidence areas MF and DF is increased by 61.57% and 18.51%, respectively. The SMC and SOM content exhibit significant negative correlations with soil porosity and pore connectivity (P ≤ 0.05). The augmentation of soil porosity and pore connectivity in subsidence areas caused by coal mining are significant factors contributing to the variations in SMC and SOM content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Plant root variations and their relations with soil moisture and nutrient supply have been well documented for many species, while effects of drought, combined with extreme poor soil nutrients, on plant roots remain unclear. Herein, we addressed root vertical distributions of two typical xerophyte semishrub species, Artemisia sphaerocephala and A. intramongolica, and their relations with soil moisture, total soil nitrogen and carbon contents in arid Hunshandake desert, China. The two species experienced similar light regimes and precipitation, but differed in soil moisture and soil nutrients. Root vertical distribution patterns (e.g., coarse root diameter, root depth and root biomass) differed considerable for the two species due to high heterogeneity of soil environments. Coarse and fine root biomasses for A. intramongolica, distributed in relatively moist fixed dunes, mainly focused on surface layers (94%); but those for A. sphaerocephala dropped gradually from the surface to 140 cm depth. Relations between root traits (e.g., diameter, root biomass) and soil moisture were positive for A. intramongolica, but those for A. sphaerocephala were negative. In general, the root traits for both species positively correlated with total soil nitrogen and carbon contents. These findings suggest that both soil moisture and poor soil nutrients were the limiting resources for growth and settlement of these two species.

Plant root variations and their relations with soil moisture and nutrient supply have been well documented for many species, while effects of drought, combined with extreme poor soil nutrients, on plant roots remain unclear.Herein, we addressed root vertical distributions of two typical xerophyte semishrub species, Artemisia sphaerocephala and A. intramongolica, and their relations with soil moisture, total soil nitrogen and carbon contents in arid Hunshandake desert, China. The two species experienced similar light regimes and precipitation, but differed in soil moisture and soil nutrients.Root vertical distribution patterns (e.g., coarse root diameter, root depth and root biomass) differed considerable for the two species due to high heterogeneity of soil environments. Coarse and fine root biomasses for A. intramongolica, distributed in relatively moist fixed dunes, mainly focused on surface layers (94%); but those for A. sphaerocephala dropped gradually from the surface to 140 cm depth. Relations between root traits (e.g., diameter, root biomass) and soil moisture were positive for A. intramongolica, but those for A. sphaerocephala were negative.In general, the root traits for both species positively correlated with total soil nitrogen and carbon contents. These findings suggest that both soil moisture and poor soil nutrients were the limiting resources for growth and settlement of these two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether plant competition grows stronger or weaker across a soil fertility gradient is an area of great debate in plant ecology. We examined the effects of competition and soil fertility and their interaction on growth rates of the four dominant tree species in the sub-boreal spruce forest of British Columbia., We tested separate soil nutrient and moisture indices and found much stronger support for models that included the nutrient index as a measure of soil fertility., Competition, soil fertility and their interaction affected radial growth rates for all species., Each species supported a different alternate hypothesis for how competitive interactions changed with soil fertility and whether competition intensity was stronger or weaker overall as soil fertility increased depended on the context, specifically, species, neighbourhood composition and type of competition (shading vs. crowding)., The four species varied slightly in their growth response to soil fertility., Individual species had some large variations in the shapes of their negative relationships between shading, crowding and tree growth, with one species experiencing no net negative effects of crowding at low soil fertility., Goodness-of-fit was not substantially increased by models including competition-soil fertility interactions for any species. Tree size, soil fertility, shading and crowding predicted most of the variation in tree growth rates in the sub-boreal spruce forest., Synthesis. The intensity of competition among trees across a fertility gradient was species- and context-specific and more complicated than that predicted by any one of the dominant existing theories in plant ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]