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Introduction- The apex body of the medical education introduced new curriculum for the Indian Medical Graduates (IMG) with Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) as one of the modules in 2019. Limited studies on ECE implementation from India have been reported. So this study was planned to assess the attitude of MBBS students towards implementation of ECE module in first professional year subjects. Material and Method- The present study was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study carried out on first year MBBS students regarding ECE. The ECE sessions were conducted following the recommendations given by the apex body. After completion of all the scheduled ECEs, at a prearranged time and day, the volunteering students were given a feedback questionnaire on the ECE module in the form of online Google form. Both, open-ended and closed- ended questions were included in the questionnaire asking opinions of the students on the ECE sessions and the suggestions, likes and dislikes about the session. Likert scale was used to rate the responses. Data was tabulated an analyzed. Result- In current study, the mean age of the participants was 19±2.2years with female and male ratio to be 1:1. Maximally i.e. 57.11%students strongly agreed and only 2.68% students strongly disagreed to the ECE questionnaire stating the sessions to be interesting and their application for clinical knowledge in first year subjects to be effective. Many students i.e. 29(10.82%) believed that more ECE sessions should be held and others suggested that ECE classes should be held in hospital/community setting and smaller groups should be made for case discussion. Students maximally liked the case discussion in hospital and community setting along with audio visual case discussion. ConclusionThis study found that in the existing Indian medical school system, ECE is the most significant tool for enhancing professional abilities and attitude and the students viewed ECE as engaging, inspiring, and beneficial for the clinical application of basic sciences [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction- A noticeable internal occipital crest is visible on the inside surface of the squamous portion of the occipital bone. It descends and bifurcates around the foramen magnum, enclosing a tiny depression known as the vermian fossa. The single or double occipital sinus is located in the falx cerebelli, which is connected to the crest. The fossa houses the inferior vermis of the cerebellum. A bony ridge that divides the vermian fossa into upper and lower parts might give the structure a somewhat triangular shape. There are not many research that describe the morphometric and morphologic characteristics of vermian fossa. Hence, the present study was done to evaluat the morphological and morphometric parameters of vermian fossa and internal occipital crest in the Indian adult human dry skull. Material and method- This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in department of Anatomy of Government Medical College, Handwara and Government Medical College Srinagar for a period of 9 months i.e. 1st September 2023 to 1st June 2014. A total of 140 bones were analysed. Any injured or pathologically altered skulls and occipital bones were excluded from the study. The vermian fossa were examined for their presence and morphology. Internal occipital crest were also seen for its shape and length. The data were recorded and tabulated in SPSS software version 20 and analysed. Result- In the present study the incidence of vermian fossa was found to be 80% of total skull. Vermian fossa was mainly triangular in shape (71.42% cases), followed by quadrangular (8.03% samples) and atypical (20.53% bones). The mean height and width of vermian fossa was measured to be 9.4±4.12 mm and 8.4±3.82 mm respectively. A sharp internal crest was more observed followed by rounded, widened. Ill-defined internal occipital crest was least observed in the present study. The internal occipital crest was 2.82±0.74 cm in length, measured from the internal occipital protuberance to its bifurcation. From the internal occipital protuberance to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, the internal occipital crest was 4.25±0.46 cm in length on average. Conclusion- It is important for clinicians and radiologists to accurately understand the morphology, morphometry, and changes of the internal occipital crest and vermian fossa when performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It is necessary to investigate variations in typical anatomical features. For this reason, morphologists and anatomists find this important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]