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The human visual analyzer is a high form of evolution. Some jellyfish can distinguish light and dark objects with sensitive cells. Squids, octopuses, and nautiluses from Cephalopods family have eyes with which they can see objects. Visual information is processed in the brain. In fishes, the visual analyzer evolved. Fishes living below 100 m depth inhabit a world with blue light. The authors consider the evolution of vision in these fishes due to the lowest absorption of blue and violet colors of electromagnetic waves from the optical spectrum. Subsequently, on land, in humans vision evolved towards the green color. Green is the most prevalent color on the land. In humans, three light-sensitive cones evolved – S, M, and L. S cones are most sensitive to blue, M – to green, and L – to red color in the spectrum. Some humans retain sensitivity of S to genetic changes and disorders. Additive color mi­xing is a high form of color perception in humans. The additive mixing of different colors achieves a new color in the human visual analyzer. Remarkably, different individuals perceive observed images in varying manners. Mixing neighboring colors on the spectrum gives one, two, or three colors. This process is estimated using graphical modeling. The graphical modeling with two colors allows for the creation of additive colors. One, two, or three additive colors can be obtained. The production of colors results from the light sensitivity of S, M, and L cones. An analysis that phy­sically demonstrates the mixing of green and red colors, resulting in the colors yellow or orange. When blue and red are mixed, the resulting colors are green, yellow, and orange is proposed. The additive mixing of blue and yellow gives green. The subjective nature of visual perception, influenced by the viewer’s heightened sensitivity to one of the colors, beco­mes evident in the presence of two colors. Notably, when the background is violet, the sensitivity of the blue cones diminishes.

The human visual analyzer is a high form of evolution. Some jellyfish can distinguish light and dark objects with sensitive cells. Squids, octopuses, and nautiluses from Cephalopods family have eyes with which they can see objects. Visual information is processed in the brain. In fishes, the visual analyzer evolved. Fishes living below 100 m depth inhabit a world with blue light. The authors consider the evolution of vision in these fishes due to the lowest absorption of blue and violet colors of electromagnetic waves from the optical spectrum. Subsequently, on land, in humans vision evolved towards the green color. Green is the most prevalent color on the land. In humans, three light-sensitive cones evolved – S, M, and L. S cones are most sensitive to blue, M – to green, and L – to red color in the spectrum. Some humans retain sensitivity of S to genetic changes and disorders. Additive color mixing is a high form of color perception in humans. The additive mixing of different colors achieves a new color in the human visual analyzer. Remarkably, different individuals perceive observed images in varying manners. Mixing neighboring colors on the spectrum gives one, two, or three colors. This process is estimated using graphical modeling. The graphical modeling with two colors allows for the creation of additive colors. One, two, or three additive colors can be obtained. The production of colors results from the light sensitivity of S, M, and L cones. An analysis that physically demonstrates the mixing of green and red colors, resulting in the colors yellow or orange. When blue and red are mixed, the resulting colors are green, yellow, and orange is proposed. The additive mixing of blue and yellow gives green. The subjective nature of visual perception, influenced by the viewer’s heightened sensitivity to one of the colors, becomes evident in the presence of two colors. Notably, when the background is violet, the sensitivity of the blue cones diminishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of synthetic dyes are toxic for the environment. On the other hand, natural dyes are eco-friendly and can replace synthetic toxic dyes. In the present studies, a natural dye was extracted from rinsed and grinded olive peel in 1:10 ratio (m/V) with water. Then, fabrics (wool and silk) were dyed with the peel extract by using different types of dulling and shining mordants (FeSO CoSO4, SnCl2, K2SO4, Al2(SO4)3, ZnSO4 and NiSO4). The mordants have shown best results for wool at the acidic pH (4-5) and for silk at the basic pH (8-9). After dyeing wool (at 70-80°C) and silk (at 100°C) with olive peel extract, by simultaneous mordanting method, an interesting variety of beige, buff and khaki shades were obtained. Color fastness was noted by matching the dyed fabric color with grey scale. The colors of dyed fabric were again noted after its washing, pressing by iron, rubbing and light exposure. The fastness results were found quite satisfactory. The investigated procedure of natural dye extraction is eco-friendly, safe for the environment and a safe technique as it does not involve any organic solvent. The natural dyes can be satisfactory potential substitutes of the synthetic environmentally hazardous dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible.

In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before her first volume of poetry was published by OhMyGod Publishing House in 2020, Deniz Otay had published poems in Steaua, Poesis International and Zona Nouă. She has also read some of her texts at various literary events in Iași, Oradea or Sibiu. Her poems draw the image of a digitized universe where people are connected by inner networks with a huge impact on life. These networks actually transcend technological boundaries, they are part of our bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of efficient windows and building facades in relation to their energy-saving potentials can be developed through an advanced computational modeling analysis, and thus an effective basis of comparison of the thermal performance of glazing systems can be realized. This study simulates the behavior of window systems that integrate partitioning radiant shades, where the latter are situated between typical glass panes comprising an insulated glazing unit. The partitioning shades comprise of spectrally selective metallo-dielectric coatings that modulate optical transmittance in the visible, infrared and mid-infrared regions. Wide variety of window configurations are studied, and the results are analyzed based on the system performance criteria of thermal resistance (R-value and U-value) and solar heat gain coefficient. The comparative performance assessment of single, double, triple and quadruple 'pane' glazing systems in relation to internal and external environmental conditions is presented. The effects of different parameters such as fill gas, inter-pane distance, pane thickness and optical properties of coatings on thermal behavior of the fenestration system are presented. Optimal design parameters for cold and hot climates are proposed; and the results show that it is possible to reduce up to 90% heat loss in winter for the most effective configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The searches for new sources of natural dyes have been recently increased in many countries. This article is aimed to explore the dyeing potential of Cassia fistula as a source of natural dye on wool. In this study, the anthraquinone colorants are extracted from fruit of Cassia fistula by aqueous extraction method. Mordanting and subsequent dyeing of wool with extracted colorants were then performed to study the colorimetric and fastness properties. Three metallic salts aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride and their combinations were used in this study to fix and increase the color as well as fastness properties of the substrate. UV visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show identification of functional groups in the dye molecule. Colorimetric properties were analyzed by reflectance spectrometry in terms of L*, a*, b*, c*, h○ and K/S values. Color fastness was investigated in terms of light, wash and rub (dry/wet) tests. Results demonstrate that novel and fashionable brown shades with different hue and tone were obtained. Therefore, Cassia fistula has an exciting opportunity to be used as a source of natural dye in textile coloration.

In this work, we investigated the use of pomegranate peel extract as an effective functional dye for producing beautiful natural shades on wool and to impart durable antimicrobial properties. Wool is treated with various metal salt mordants in the presence of pomegranate dye under optimum natural dyeing conditions. The structural changes of wool are characterized by SEM and FT-IR techniques. The properties of color strength, color fastness to light, washing, rubbing, and durability of antimicrobial activity to washing are investigated. The experimental results indicate that there is small color variation among shades obtained under identical dyeing conditions. Furthermore, it was found that metal salt mordants improved dyeing depth, fastness properties, and effectively enhanced the durability of antimicrobial activity up to several washing cycles.

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Acacia nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for the development of ecofriendly shades of varying hue and tone in conjunction with Kerria lacca (Lac) and Rheum emodi (Himalayan rhubarb) natural dyes. The colorimetric analysis of K. lacca and R. emodi natural dyes were evaluated onto the woolen yarn samples adopting pre-mordanting technique using 1.0–5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica as biomordant. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram with hues shifted toward red region for K. lacca and toward yellow region for R. emodi dyed samples. The color strength (K/S) values were found to increase with increase in the concentration of biomordant and were found highest for 5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica mordanted samples. Color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good ratings of 4–5 on grey scale, confirming the possibility of using A. nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for enhancing the colorimetric and fastness characteristics of dyed woolen yarn samples.

Given that the condition of 'mortal liveness' was a greater cause for perplexity in Beckett's writing than the notion of an afterlife, this essay considers evocations of a post-mortal state in The Unnamable and the three works of the later trilogy, Nohow On , as a continuum from the pre-natal state he claims to recall. The paintings of Jack B. Yeats, an acknowledged influence on Beckett, exhibit significant parallels in the evocation of figures whose tenuous presence in the landscape erases the boundary between shades and mortal beings. Résumé: La condition d' une vie mortelle étant dans l' œuvre de Beckett une notion plus importante que celle de vie future, cet essai se concentre sur les évocations d' un état post mortem dans L' innommable et dans les trois textes de la deuxième trilogie, Nohow On , se situant dans le prolongement de l' état prénatal dont Beckett prétend se souvenir. Les peintures de Jack B. Yeats, dont on connaît l' influence sur Beckett, montrent des parallèles importants dans l' évocation de figures sont la présence hésitante dans le paysage efface la frontière entre les ombres et les être mortels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Adhatoda vasica leaves extract as a potential source of natural dye for the coloration of woolen yarn/fibers. Premordanting technique was adopted with double metal salt combinations of ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium aluminum sulfate and double biomordant combinations of gallnut, pomegranate, and babool, to achieve dyed textile materials of acceptable colorimetric and fastness properties. Sixty-three sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the nature and the concentration of mordants involved in the combinations. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram. All the dyed samples presented excellent color strength (K/S) values and highest values were found in case of gallnut + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) combination. Biomordants produced altogether different behavior in comparison to metal mordants in the development of ecofriendly shades of different hue and tune. Majority of the dyed samples showed excellent fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing which confirmed the possibility of using A. vasica leaves extract as an effective yellow natural dye.

This study was undertaken to propose alternative use for teak leaves, a timber industry byproduct, as potential dyeing source for wool fibers. The coloring potential of anthraquinone colorants from teak leaves were studied on wool with pre-mordanting method using double and triple mix metal salt combinations (ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium aluminum sulphate) as mordants. Thirty-six sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the type of metal involved in combination as well as concentration of the dye. The hue of color developed ranged from light orange—brown to dark brown. The color strength (K/S) has been found to be very good in dyed woolen yarn samples and particularly was highest for iron + alum combination. Color fastness with respect to light exposure washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good, which confirmed the possibility of using waste leaves of Tectona grandis as a source of effective brown natural dye.

Objective: Aim: To research subjective perceptions in additive color mixing., Patients and Methods: Materials and Methods: 79 individuals were surveyed, and they determined the colors they perceived in two photographs. The results of color mixing were determined using statistical analysis, graphical modeling, and Python program figures., Results: Results: A new color is obtained by additive mixing monochromatic colors. Interestingly, different individuals perceive observed images in different ways. Mixing neighboring colors on the spectrum and those in different produces various visual effects. Distinction was found in the physical mixing of beams with different colors. Visual perception in the presence of two is subjective and is determined by the viewer's greater to one of the colors. Due to additive color mixing, additional parts of objects may appear golden or orange when there is a yellow color in a picture with blue tones. When the background is violet, the sensitivity of the blue cones decreases., Conclusion: Conclusions: An experiment involving the observation of color photographs established that individuals who perceive orange-violet snow do not perceive the blue color in the dress. The analysis revealed that yellow light activates the green and red cones. In contrast, blue light activates the blue cones in the retina, highlighting the importance of cone activation of color perception. The contrast between yellow and blue can create a visual ef f ect where parts of objects appear more pronounced or have more intense color, demonstrating the brain's processing of contrasting colors. The experiment also indicated a reduction in blue cone sensitivity with a violet background, illustrating chromatic adaptation. Different individuals may perceive colors differently based on background and lighting conditions, underscoring the subjectivity of visual perception. Finally, there is a debate over the dress's color perception. These fi ndings suggest that individuals working on media products can enhance image quality by considering additive color blending and background effects.

The searches for new sources of natural dyes have been recently increased in many countries. This article is aimed to explore the dyeing potential of Cassia fistula as a source of natural dye on wool. In this study, the anthraquinone colorants are extracted from fruit of Cassia fistula by aqueous extraction method. Mordanting and subsequent dyeing of wool with extracted colorants were then performed to study the colorimetric and fastness properties. Three metallic salts aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride and their combinations were used in this study to fix and increase the color as well as fastness properties of the substrate. UV visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show identification of functional groups in the dye molecule. Colorimetric properties were analyzed by reflectance spectrometry in terms of L*, a*, b*, c*, h○ and K/S values. Color fastness was investigated in terms of light, wash and rub (dry/wet) tests. Results demonstrate that novel and fashionable brown shades with different hue and tone were obtained. Therefore, Cassia fistula has an exciting opportunity to be used as a source of natural dye in textile coloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigated the use of pomegranate peel extract as an effective functional dye for producing beautiful natural shades on wool and to impart durable antimicrobial properties. Wool is treated with various metal salt mordants in the presence of pomegranate dye under optimum natural dyeing conditions. The structural changes of wool are characterized by SEM and FT-IR techniques. The properties of color strength, color fastness to light, washing, rubbing, and durability of antimicrobial activity to washing are investigated. The experimental results indicate that there is small color variation among shades obtained under identical dyeing conditions. Furthermore, it was found that metal salt mordants improved dyeing depth, fastness properties, and effectively enhanced the durability of antimicrobial activity up to several washing cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Acacia nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for the development of ecofriendly shades of varying hue and tone in conjunction with Kerria lacca (Lac) and Rheum emodi (Himalayan rhubarb) natural dyes. The colorimetric analysis of K. lacca and R. emodi natural dyes were evaluated onto the woolen yarn samples adopting pre-mordanting technique using 1.0-5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica as biomordant. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram with hues shifted toward red region for K. lacca and toward yellow region for R. emodi dyed samples. The color strength (K/S) values were found to increase with increase in the concentration of biomordant and were found highest for 5.0% (o.w.f.) A. nilotica mordanted samples. Color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good ratings of 4-5 on grey scale, confirming the possibility of using A. nilotica bark extract as a potential source of biomordant for enhancing the colorimetric and fastness characteristics of dyed woolen yarn samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Those who are often identified as challengers of globalization, from the standpoint of defending a defined modernity since the inception of capitalism1, they are, in most cases, only one or all of the contestants of the dominant paradigm of globalization. Almost no one denies that requires empirical reality - that the current world is changing, both in the most developed societies, and as a result their impact on other companies, globally. Change exists and it is not contested. Its interpretations are contested and the practice based on these interpretations that are to be adopted in relation to them. Stating that this practice is itself a component of globalization, one of the factors that shape, may extend or limit his influence and can “tame” those it deems undesirable effects. Therefore, the debate about globalization acquires exceptional importance in relation to reality. Because it has become one of the most important components of this reality, yet we, that is globalization. And because the way in which reality will evolve from now on will depend, in turn, how that will evolve debate about globalization, building intellectual infrastructure, knowledge and value that will underpin future political and economic action. As stated, rightly, Immanuel Wallerstein, just we humans are the ones who, through their ideas, beliefs and actions constitute uncertainty factors of the future.

Abstract Objective The luting agent plays a significant role in the appearance of ceramic laminate veneers (CLV), allowing improved/stable shade matching with adjacent teeth. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the influence of light-cured luting agents and color-associated factors aiming to draw guidelines for stable shade matching of CLV. The paper has also given an overview of the compositional characteristics of all luting agents and ceramic systems whose performance was presented herein. Methods A search of in vitro studies that quantitatively investigated the influence of light-cured luting agents on the color of CLV was conducted. PubMed/MedLine, Cochrane Library, SciVerse Scopus and Web of Science databases were explored until December 2017 with no year limit. Data regarding the effect of light-cured luting agent, ceramic systems, effect of background, accelerated aging and surface treatments on color change were collected. A meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity of data. Results After duplicates' removal, 3630 studies were identified, 48 were selected for full-text analysis, and 21 remaining papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Significance Considering the shade aspects of luting agents, translucency and value showed the greatest visible color differences for CLVs. The effect of luting agent shade on the color of veneers is greatly affected by ceramic thickness and opacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major concern in focus group research is how transcripts are analyzed. One way of resolving the issues involved is the use of images, in the place of words or numbers, to capture discussion outcomes. This work upgrades the visual perspective and uses colors to represent discussants' opinions about leadership while the strength of those opinions is illustrated by some levels of transparency of those same colors. This model simplifies the expertise needed by enabling speedy determination of discussants' submissions even as the transparencies, in the form of shades or tints, reveal the gravity of those submissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Adhatoda vasica leaves extract as a potential source of natural dye for the coloration of woolen yarn/fibers. Premordanting technique was adopted with double metal salt combinations of ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium aluminum sulfate and double biomordant combinations of gallnut, pomegranate, and babool, to achieve dyed textile materials of acceptable colorimetric and fastness properties. Sixty-three sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the nature and the concentration of mordants involved in the combinations. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram. All the dyed samples presented excellent color strength (K/S) values and highest values were found in case of gallnut + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) combination. Biomordants produced altogether different behavior in comparison to metal mordants in the development of ecofriendly shades of different hue and tune. Majority of the dyed samples showed excellent fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing which confirmed the possibility of using A. vasica leaves extract as an effective yellow natural dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the publication of Villa triste (1975), several of Patrick Modiano's novels contain a storyline that is similar to the main plot of this novel: a man—often the story's narrator, who is also the male protagonist—recollects his adolescent years in the 1960's, and his brief encounter with a young and mysterious woman. In this article, I will study the function of this female protagonist in Modiano's novels. She is first and foremost a “passeur”: she leads the male protagonist into the new worlds of love and crime, and she even provokes his “coming to writing.” Furthermore, she is the one who transports the shades of the past, making it possible for the narrator to give the readers a fragmentary depiction of a world that no longer exists. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The project in process that illustrates below, it is framed in two bigs axis that have been building according with the needs of classroom teaching of physics in Colombia, while the purpose arises is offer conceptual tools in the light of experimentation or the construction of mounts which give reference of eclipses as observable astronomical phenomena. The first of them, historical and cultural with which searches a strengthening to imagination, retaking the worldviews that allowed, essentially, the construction and rise of astronomy. Anda experimental axes from which is approached the question: ¿Why there aren't eclipses every 14 days? And exposes some didactic proposals of experimental order focused to answer, and framed within study of geometry, the optics and celestial mechanics, the latter still being in state of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundance, sustainability and environmental awareness are the impetuses for increasing global interest in new shades of the plant as an alternative to hazardous synthetic dyes for industrial applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential ability of dye extracts from Nigerian mango leaves (MLs) (obtained through microwave (MW)-assisted and aqueous extraction techniques) to color silk fabric with a range of appealing shades (yellow to brown) generated through metal- and bio-mordanting processes. The effects of pH, contact time, and temperature were studied to determine optimum conditions for dyeing silk fabric in the MLs dye bath. The pH value of 3, contact time of 60 min, and dyeing temperature of 70 °C were found to be the optimum dyeing parameters. MW as a modern heating tool enhanced the yield, dye exhaustion (E), and color strength (K / S) of MLs dyed silk fabric by 46.31 %, 23.65 %, and 9.27 %, respectively. It also improved the color properties (shade, color coordinates, and fastness properties) of the MLs dyed silk fabric. The satisfactory affinity of unmordanted silk fabric for MLs dye extract was enhanced and found to be very good for metal-mordanted and excellent for bio-mordanted silk fabric. Excellent anti-oxidant activity and UV protection were obtained after MLs dyed silk fabric was bio-mordanted. The bio-mordants used in this study were sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to toxic transition metals, which are often used as mordants for natural dyed textile apparel. The study established MLs dye extracts as non-toxic, abundant and sustainable coloring materials for dyeing silk fabric on an industrial scale. • Microwave enhanced the mango leaves dye yield by 46.31 %. • Optimum dyeing parameters were 60 min, 70 °C and pH 3. • Mordanting enhanced satisfactory affinity of silk fabric for dye extracts. • Bio-mordants were sustainable green alternative to toxic metals salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the influence of curing tip distance, shade and filler particle size on Vickers microhardness (VHN) of composite resins. Two composites were tested: Filtek Z250 microhybrid (3M ESPE; shades A1 and A3.5) and Filtek Supreme nanofilled (3M ESPE; shades A1B and A3.5B). For each resin, 42 specimens (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm height) were prepared being 21 for each shade. The specimens were exposed using a 20-second exposure to a quartz-tungsten-halogen light source with an irradiance of approximately 560 mW/cm², at the following distances: 0 mm (surface contact), 6 mm and 12 mm from composite surface. Effectiveness of cure of different resins, shades and curing distances was determined by measuring the top and bottom hardness (VHN) of specimens using a digital microhardness tester (load: 50 g; dwell time: 45 seconds) 24 hours following curing. The hardness ratio was calculated by dividing VHN of the bottom surface by VHN of top surface. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p

In the automation of interior window shading devices, a control system that relies on a prediction of environmental conditions and a building's thermal response can provide savings to space-conditioning loads beyond what can be achieved using a reactive approach. The development of these control strategies can be difficult because of the uniqueness of each building. A simplified model-based predictive control (MPC) method for window shades is proposed. To this end, a control-oriented model representing the heat transfer problem in a perimeter office space was developed. The parameters of the model were estimated using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The energy-savings potential of the EnKF-based MPC approach for window shades was investigated using EnergyPlus simulations. This was accomplished by implementing the control-oriented model into the energy management system application of EnergyPlus. Simulations were conducted to assess the energy saving potential of using the EnKF-based MPC for roller blinds in a south-facing perimeter office space in Ottawa, Canada. The simulation-based results indicate the potential for about 35% reduction in electricity usage for space conditioning over manually operated interior roller blinds. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

INTRODUCTION: The evolution of light curing units can be noticed by the different systems recently introduced. The technology of LED units promises longer lifetime, without heating and with production of specific light for activation of camphorquinone. However, further studies are still required to check the real curing effectiveness of these units. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the microhardness of 4 shades (B-0.5, B-1, B-2 and B-3) of composite resin Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) after light curing with 4 light sources, being one halogen (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) and three LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC and Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). METHODS: 192 specimens were distributed into 16 groups, and materials were inserted in a single increment in cylindrical templates measuring 4mm x 4mm and light cured as recommended by the manufacturer. Then, they were submitted to microhardness test on the top and bottom aspects of the cylinders. RESULTS: The hardness values achieved were submitted to analysis of variance and to Tukey test at 5% confidence level. It was observed that microhardness of specimens varied according to the shade of the material and light sources employed. The LED appliance emitting greater light intensity provided the highest hardness values with shade B-0.5, allowing the best curing. On the other hand, appliances with low light intensity were the least effective. It was also observed that the bottom of specimens was more sensitive to changes in shade. CONCLUSION: Light intensity of LED light curing units is fundamental for their good functioning, especially when applied in resins with darker shades.INTRODUCTION: A evolução dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores pode ser notada nos diferentes sistemas introduzidos recentemente no mercado. A tecnologia apresentada pelos aparelhos LED promete maior tempo de vida útil, não gerar aquecimento e produzir luz específica para a ativação da canforoquinona. No entanto, ainda são necessários estudos complementares para se conhecer a real efetividade destes aparelhos na polimerização dos materiais. PROPOSTA: Neste trabalho foi verificada a microdureza de 4 cores (B-0,5, B-1, B-2 e B-3) da resina composta Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) quando polimerizadas com 4 fontes de luz, sendo uma halógena (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) e três LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC e Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). MÉTODOS: Os 192 corpos-de-prova foram distribuídos em 16 grupos e os materiais foram inseridos em único incremento em matrizes cilíndricas de 4mm X 4mm, sendo polimerizados pelo tempo preconizado pelo fabricante. Em seguida, foram submetidos ao teste de microdureza na superfície superior e inferior dos cilindros. RESULTADOS: Os valores de dureza obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Foi observado que a dureza dos corpos-de-prova variou conforme a cor do material e aparelhos utilizados. O aparelho LED que emite maior intensidade luminosa proporcionou a obtenção dos maiores valores de dureza, com o croma B-0,5 possibilitando a melhor polimerização. Por outro lado aparelhos com baixa intensidade luminosa foram os menos efetivos. Também foi observado que a região do fundo dos corpos-de-prova foi mais sensível à mudança das cores. CONCLUSÕES: A intensidade de luz dos fotopolimerizadores LED é fundamental para seu bom funcionamento, principalmente quando empregadas resinas com croma mais acentuado.

In the present study, the root extract ofRheum emodi(Indian Rhubarb/Dolu/Revandchini) has been used as a natural dye to develop a variety of harmonizing natural shades on woolen yarn using combination of ecofriendly mixed metal mordants. Dyeings were carried out in neutral acidic, and alkaline medium using 0.5%–5% dye concentrations pre-treated with (4.5% iron + 0.1% tin), (2.5% iron + 0.5% tin), and (0.5% iron + 0.9% tin) mordant combinations. A total of 54 shades have been developed by varying the amount of dye and percentage combination of mordants. The hue of color ranged from reddish-brown, greenish-yellow to dark yellow. The color of dyed woolen yarns was investigated in terms of color strength (K/S), CIELab, CIELch values. Fastness properties (light, washing, and rub/crocking) of dyed woolen yarn samples were also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Those who are often identified as challengers of globalization, from the standpoint of defending a defined modernity since the inception of capitalism1, they are, in most cases, only one or all of the contestants of the dominant paradigm of globalization. Almost no one denies that requires empirical reality - that the current world is changing, both in the most developed societies, and as a result their impact on other companies, globally. Change exists and it is not contested. Its interpretations are contested and the practice based on these interpretations that are to be adopted in relation to them. Stating that this practice is itself a component of globalization, one of the factors that shape, may extend or limit his influence and can "tame" those it deems undesirable effects. Therefore, the debate about globalization acquires exceptional importance in relation to reality. Because it has become one of the most important components of this reality, yet we, that is globalization. And because the way in which reality will evolve from now on will depend, in turn, how that will evolve debate about globalization, building intellectual infrastructure, knowledge and value that will underpin future political and economic action. As stated, rightly, Immanuel Wallerstein, just we humans are the ones who, through their ideas, beliefs and actions constitute uncertainty factors of the future². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was undertaken of certain process variables affecting the appearance of shades in glazed floor tile manufacture, and of the colour-developing mechanism involved in the glaze, as a result of a problem of shades in industrial glazed tile production.Ante un problema de tonos en piezas esmaltadas de producción industrial, se ha abordado el estudio de las variables que afectan a la aparición de tonalidades, así como el mecanismo por el que el esmalte desarrolla el color.

Abstract: There is no comprehensive consensus about the way people operate blinds or the motivating factors that influence their decisions. However, there is a substantial body of research, encompassing data from more than 50 buildings worldwide, that offers guidance. Patterns of blind use can affect the energy consumption of buildings substantially and therefore energy and daylighting simulations that do not account properly for these blind use patterns will have greater error. An outline for a new more nuanced model for simulation-based blind control is offered. Specifically, this paper reviews the energy implications of blind use, blind occlusion and rate of change from field studies, specific quantitative measures influencing user blind control, investigations into user acceptance of automated blind control, and finally conclusions and knowledge gaps are summarized and suggested next steps for research are provided. Addressing these gaps is critical for the continued progress of the energy efficiency movement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of different shades of light-polymerized resin cement on the color of two different thicknesses (0.5 mm and 0.7 mm) of three different ceramic materials (Esthetic, e.max, and ZirPress). A spectrophotometer (Color Eye 7000A - CIE (L*a*b*) was used to measure the color of specimens on the control substrate without cement, and then on (Translucent, White Opaque, B0.5, Al, and Al of ReIyX™ Veneer cement). The mean values of color difference (ΔE) were higher for Esthetic, followed by ZirPress, with the lowest values for e.max The mean values of ΔE decreased when the thickness of ceramic increased from 0.5mm to 0.7 mm. It was observed that the White Opaque had significantly increased ΔE values when compared with (TR, B0.5, A1, and A3), whereas no significant difference between B0.5 and TR, and between B0.5 and A3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past two decade the textile industry has grown in high to export the fabrics to other countries. To export high quality fabrics, particularly cotton cloths, the colouring process plays major role in the dyeing domain. The dyeing is a dynamic, complex and involved various discipline. The dyeing process is difficult to automate processes, because of their interdisciplinary and dynamic in nature. Moreover, it is also critical to keep a check on the automated processes to produce the expected results in the form of quality and timely dyeing processes. Delivering high quality colours are very difficult due to lot of constraints, such as poor dye mix powders, bad processing methods, etc. Hence, the dyeing organizations were requiring quality dyeing process methods to produce perfect shade. Therefore, first time the process mining algorithms were used in the previous my research paper. But in this paper the alternative process model that is association rule mining approach was used in the domain of dyeing unit to produce better understanding dyeing process model in the form of association rules to overcome the difficulties and limitations of process mining algorithms. The benefit of association rule mining is very easy to understand the dyer to process the colour with little difficulties. Hence, these systems can reduce the cost, improved operational efficiencies, pH test error reduction, improved shade quality, etc. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to implement the association rule mining approach in the dyeing unit and discussed the related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of the specular component mode of specular component included (SCI) and specular component excluded (SCE), and the grit size of final polishing with SiC paper on color of different types of resin composites and shades. Resin disks of 2 mm in thickness were made with regular, opaque and enamel shades for each of the following: supra-nano spherical filled Estelite Σ Quick (EQ), organic filled hybrid Clearfil Majesty (CM), and S-PRG filled nano-hybrid Beautifil II (B2). One week after curing, the surface roughness and color were measured. Color differences between 3000- and 1000-grit, and between 3000- and 180-grit final polishing groups were calculated. Comparison of L*a*b* between SCI and SCE modes showed that the L* values with SCI were significantly higher than those with SCE in 1000- and 3000-grit groups for EQ and CM, and in 3000-grit group for B2. Comparison of total color differences (ΔE*ab) between SCI and SCE modes for all resin composites and shades in all polishing groups showed that the ΔE*ab with SCE were higher than those with SCI except for opaque shade of EQ with white background in 1000-grit group in which the ΔE*ab values were same. The effect of the specular component mode and polishing on color differed among the resin composites and shades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic pigments based on AB 2 O 4 (A = Co, Ni; B = Cr, Al) spinel structures with green colour were successfully synthesised by the polymeric route. The effect of the substitution of trivalent and divalent cations on the structural, optical and morphological properties of the pigments was investigated. The synthesised nanopowders were examined using thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), UV–vis diffuse reflectance measurements, and CIEL*a*b* colorimetric analyses. The results show that the CoCr 2 O 4 spinel and the spinels substituted by nickel and aluminium cations were obtained with a single phase after heat treatment at 900 °C. The produced powders present shades of the green colour with improvement in morphology for the substituted samples. The Ni 0 · 5 Co 0 · 5 CrAlO 4 nanoparticles consisted of grains of quasi-spherical shape with sizes between 50 and 75 nm. This powder was used in small quantities with glazes for colouring tests on the surfaces of ceramic substrates. • Ultrafine powders were prepared by the polymeric route. • The effect of the metal substitution on the structural, optical and morphological properties was discussed. • The substitution of 50% of Al and Ni in the spinel CoCr 2 O 4 leads to improving the morphology of the powders. • Ceramic colouring efficiency tests show that an amount of less than 4% wt of the prepared pigment was sufficient for good coverage of the green colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia is a stronger ligand and can replace water molecules in a chelate metal complex as per spectrochemical series. This property of ammonia was utilized in this work for the coloration of wool in order to obtain some unusual effects. Different concentrations of ammonia solution was applied on Butea monosperma flower extract dyed wool previously premordanted with ferrous sulfate salt to evaluate the effect on colorimetric properties. A range of newer shades were produced on wool substrates which were characterized in terms of K/S, CIELa*b* values and fastness properties. The observed effects exhibited on wool and acceptable fastness properties of produced shades points out a promising approach for developing environmentally sustainable colorful textile materials and clothing. The chemical modification of wool before and after application of ammonia was also evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]