Search

This article reviews the literature on the consumption, street drug analysis, distribution, and main environmental impacts of illicit drugs in Brazil and analyzes the III National Survey on Drug Use by the Brazilian Population. The literature review is based on articles published in national and international journals between 2018 and 2023. This review consists of two analyses, the first of which addresses publications from the last 6 years on the monitoring of illicit drugs in Brazil and a second analysis based on the III National Survey on Drug Use that addresses the different possibilities of contact with drugs. The results revealed that the Southeast region of Brazil has the highest number of studies on the subject, especially in the state of São Paulo, while the North and Northeast regions have the lowest number of studies. The Midwest regions only have studies in the federal capital city, Brasília, while no studies were found in states bordering countries that produce illicit drugs, such as Paraguay and Bolivia. Analytical methods that use the concept of miniaturization, green chemistry, and the adoption of acceptance methods are frequent in most articles. Chemometric and statistical tools are widely used for the analysis, development, and conclusion of identification and quantification methods. Among the articles studied, there was a predominance in the analysis of cocaine metabolites and cannabis metabolites in the aquatic environment, where their concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2000 ng L−1. Studies also reported bioaccumulation in marine biota with concentrations of up to 4.58 µg kg−1 for mussels and sediments, posing a risk to algae, crustaceans, and fish. Furthermore, the data show that the consumption of illicit drugs is increasing in Brazil, especially among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a comparative analysis between urban and rural areas concerning the magnitude or intensity with which the constructs are related to expected quality-perceived quality-perceived value as influencing aspects in the level of satisfaction and citizen loyalty in three dimensions: Territorial planning and roads; provision of municipal services and environmental management. This research used the PLS software applying the ACSI model in the 5-hypothesis approach. A questionnaire was delivered to a sample population of 428 citizens in the rural area of Tenguel and 521 citizens in the urban area of Tarqui in the city of Guayaquil. The statistical result shows significant differences in citizen perception between urban and rural populations about the quality of public services, which determines satisfaction and loyalty in choosing the place of residence. Through a multi-group analysis, the main differences in the perception of the quality of services between rural citizens and urban citizens have been identified. These findings are essential for public policy design to improve the territory's satisfaction, well-being, and people's sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article aims to explore and bring closer the concepts of public policy, governance and innovation, and the emergence of Cuban SMEs and their current situation. For this, a bibliographic review and field research was carried out where the results indicate that this field of study is oriented to the relationship between the adoption of open innovation and company performance. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, including techniques and tools from administrative sciences and other related specialties. This study focused on the results of Cuban SMEs, from their creation; despite not being relevant at a global level, due to the short initiation time, they do contribute greatly to the country's productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest problems facing the population worldwide is global warming, mainly derived from the anthropogenic footprint. The excessive increase in actions that impact the environment such as public transportation, the use of fossil fuels, industry, etc., have unbalanced ecosystems. The measures and actions to mitigate the environmental impact have not been enough, this has disturbed the United Nations Organization (UN), which has taken a series of international measures such as the proposal of 17 objectives that help to safeguard different large social. Among the goals for 2030 is what is relevant to "clean energy". To align with these strategies, Mexico must take concrete and efficient actions; these actions must be established through the strict elaboration of public policies, which manage to integrate different scientific and technological areas, with timely participation of the different actors involved. The proposal of this document is the integration of public policies together with fiscal and energy policies that contribute to common objectives, through different actions such as energy efficiencies and increasing the participation of renewable energies in the country's energy matrix. Mexico has currently stopped some strategies planned in previous government periods, which have been stopping an energy transition that manages to establish an optimal use of infrastructure and develop a plan that allows the diversification of the energy matrix with the incorporation of renewable energy sources to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which have a share of more than 70% causing various damages to the environment and health. The execution of the proposed strategy required the integration and commitment of the different actors involved, due to the complex nature of the public policy formulation process, the authors propose working with a quality regulatory framework and monitoring the different governmental changes in the country.

Groundwater constitutes one of the main sources used to satisfy the water demands of the different users located in a basin. Current groundwater pumping rates in many cases exceed natural recharge, resulting in the overexploitation of aquifers and the deterioration of water quality. Consequently, many aquifer systems in the world have applied and adapted policies to manage the use of groundwater. In this article, we investigate the impacts of groundwater management policies on the Caplina aquifer located in the Atacama Desert, Peru. To evaluate these impacts, we review policies and regulations implemented during the last 40 years. Likewise, more than 25 scientific investigations that were carried out in this aquifer are reviewed and analyzed to understand its hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry, as well as the impact of climate change, among other aspects. The results, based on scientific evidence, show that the current and future conditions of the groundwater of the Caplina aquifer are not sustainable, and likewise, public policies are not effective for reversing this situation. This leads the aquifer system to a situation in which there is a quality degradation of the water, to a point that may be irreversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmada, yerel politikaların üretim aşamasında yerel yönetim birimlerinin dışında kalan sivil aktörlerin politika oluşturma sürecine dâhil edilip edilmediğinin tespit edilmesi ve bu kapsamda Hakkari Belediyesinin politika inşasında alınan kararlarda sivil aktörlerin katılım düzeyinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Hakkari kent merkezinde bulunan sivil aktörlerin/sivil toplum kuruluşlarının belediyenin yerel politika çalışmaları konusundaki etkinliğinin irdelenmesi üzerine bir analiz yapılarak sonuçları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Hakkari il merkezinde tespit edilen dernek, vakıf, sendika, meslek kuruluşları, kent konseyi yöneticileri ve Hakkari Üniversitesi öğrenci temsilcisi ile nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler neticesinde, Hakkari Belediyesinin yerel politika oluşturma sürecine sivil aktörleri yeterince dahil etmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hakkari’de sivil aktörler ile belediyenin iletişim mekanizmalarının zayıf olduğu görülmüştür.

This paper aims to improve knowledge about the main factors influencing firm environmental commitment, by examining empirically the relationship between public support for R&D for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and their investment in environmental protection. The empirical analysis was developed using a sample of 1594 Spanish firms, and a binary logistic regression to evaluate the existence of dependency relationships between the analyzed variables. The results show that those companies receiving direct funding from local public entities and those collaborating with research centers and universities, invest more in environmental actions to protect the natural ecosystem. The paper contributes to the academic literature by analyzing the main factors that influence the SMEs environmental commitment. Moreover, showing practitioners and policy makers the effectiveness of different types of financial support depending on the origin of the funds and the form of action taken; showing managers the advantages of collaborating with public administrations, as well as with other research organizations, to obtain better ECSR results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to analyze the structure and the logic of operation of the Conectar Igualdad Program (PCI) developed in Argentina between 2011 and 2018 from the perspective of Andrew Feenberg's critical constructivism, in order to analyze salient aspects of said program with the focus on the processes of democratization and technological transformation. The method used was qualitative, descriptive and analytical. It is concluded that although the PCI was a program of such importance in relation to other policies in the area, certain difficulties can be identified in its implementation in relation to technological democratization since it reproduces logics of importing technology, distributing equipment and purchase of private licences. Even so, the intention of the program and related policies to walk towards technological sovereignty is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study carried out a descriptive approach on the living conditions of families in some quilombola communities in the state of Tocantins. Through the application of a structured questionnaire, 414 families were interviewed, distributed in 21 quilombola communities in the State. From the interviews, it was observed that the communities were formed by a higher percentage of male quilombolas, in the adult age group. Many families had an income of up to one minimum wage, a value also made possible by the Bolsa Família Program, which complements the income of these families. In addition, a significant percentage of the residents engaged in farming and/or handicraft activities, and most of the population had Elementary School I (5th grade) as an educational level. The results of this study revealed that, despite having improved the access of quilombola communities to schools, many families are low-income and still lack basic sanitation and electricity in their homes. Therefore, the information presented here can contribute to the implementation of public policies aimed at quilombola communities in Tocantins.

Na última década (2010/2020), se observa a intensificação da mobilidade humana no Brasil, marcadamente de pessoas na condição de solicitantes de refúgio e que se deslocam forçadamente em busca de proteção por perseguição por questões de raça, religião, opinião política, nacionalidade, pertencimento a grupos minoritários, em flagrante e efetiva violação dos direitos humanos. Embora as pessoas na condição de solicitante de refúgio ou refugiadas sejam, na maioria homens, na última década, houve uma transformação no quadro sociodemográfico, podendo assim, se caracterizar um crescimento da população feminina se deslocando, inclusive no Brasil. Segundo o CONARE – Comitê Nacional para Refugiados, em 2019, considerando pessoas venezuelanas, que são o maior número em busca de refúgio no Brasil, 49,0% são homens e 45,1% são de mulheres, sendo que, deste percentual, cerca de 390 são mulheres na faixa etária acima de 60 anos. Considerando que essas mulheres, no processo de deslocamento sofrem violência nos seus vários aspectos, é preciso considerar a necessidade de se discutir as questões ligas ao envelhecimento e as formas de acesso as políticas públicas de atenção as pessoas idosas. Assim, é preciso refletir tanto sobre o acolhimento imediato dessas mulheres, quanto nas questões relacionadas ao processo de envelhecimento, visando prevenir todas as formas de violência, seja cultural, econômica, social, psicológica em busca de oferecer políticas públicas que ofereçam uma vida digna.

Against the backdrop of the success story of the Korean shipbuilding industry, numerous legends and hero stories have been created. On the one hand, they advocate the developmental dictatorship while highlighting the positive role of Park Chung-Hee and the government. Others have emphasized the role of Chaebol owners or entrepreneurs from a market-oriented perspective. Strangely, the two views are often combined at the same time. This paper went beyond the discussion of success factors to examine how the relationship between the government and the market has changed and what difficulties and problems the shipyard workers had to face in the process. In particular, the paper has dealt with government’s policy for the shipbuilding industry during the recessions. This article provides an overview of the Korean government's policy for the shipbuilding industry and the business strategy of the Hyundai Heavy Industries (hereafter, HHI), South Korea's leading shipyard. Especially, the historical process of structuration of the state-market relations, or the government-industry relations would be focused on. Labor disputes related with restructuring will be also briefly mentioned. The first part will investigate the historical transformations from the shipbuilding promotion policy of the developmental state into the neo-liberal policy for restructuring to deal with the shipbuilding depression. The effects and implications of such transformation on labor relations will also be noted briefly. The second part will deal with so called the success of the HHI, and its recent restructuring.

The author focuses on the formation of topical agenda in the political space of modern Russia. The article attempts to substantiate the author’s position on such aspects of the political agenda as its complex composition, the degree of effectiveness, the degree of official agenda being congruenced with real needs of social development, the problem of dominating an agenda of a certain type as an instrument of political domination.

This paper suggests an approach to Russian politics through the theory of depoliticisation. The author suggests that administrative methods of neutralisation and modes of depoliticisation of public discussions are similar in both local and country level of contentious politics. This paper analyses a case of social movement against an extraction project in Russian agricultural region that was approved by the government and initiated by one of the biggest Russian mining companies. The local movement was inspired by the protest movement of 2011–12 and hastened development of local public. Both of the movements faced similar methods of depoliticisation and suppression, but despite the one against extraction was anchored in the local community and protested visible problems, it was divided and mostly dissolved by the end of 2014. Analysis reveals typical tactics of depoliticising conflicts used in controlling political discussion in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the institutional practices of use, appropriation, and (re)presentation of the recent past that give it specificity, delimit and recreate the Site of Memory, Promotion and Defence of Human Rights Campo de la Ribera, former Clandestine Detention, Torture and Extermination Centre during State terrorism in Argentina. These institutional practices enable the construction of a singular site of memory by delimiting the space and making it visible as a support and vehicle for a particular narrative of the past that ties remembrance and oblivion. It is shown that, unlike other sites of memory in the country, Campo de la Ribera is distinguished by working especially in the promotion of rights, proposing a narrative that expands the temporary delimitation of 1976-1983 and constructing a proposal that acquires meaning in relation to the characteristics of the territory in which it is inserted.

• The paper describes the barriers that limit the installation of solar water heaters. • The governmental programmes have positively motivated the adoption of SWH systems. • Low income, and access to water were the strongest barriers to SWH utilisation. • The green mortgage programme encourages the adoption of SWH systems in Mexico. In this study, we identify and describe the barriers that limit the installation of solar water heating (SWH) systems in Mexico and the manner in which the Mexican government has been working toward overcoming these challenges. Data regarding architectural, technical, economic, marketing, social, and political barriers were collected from official governmental publications, Mexican journals, and articles, and compared with results from similar research articles. Our results revealed that the governmental programmes have positively motivated the adoption of SWH systems. However, issues related to the structural conditions of buildings, low income, and access to water limit their use. Therefore, these issues should be included in the governmental strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMEN Tras la fallida e inoperante aplicación de la Ley 735 de 1997, llamada tambien Ley de la Juventud, y luego de ser sólo una norma sustancial, en el año 2013, y después de múltiples intentos de modificación se creó la ley 1622 denominada Ley Estatutaria de Ciudadanía Juvenil que no sólo amplió el tiempo para considerar a una persona joven, sino que dio mayor empoderamiento al joven dentro de sus espacios de participación y representación, convirtiendo los consejos de juventud en escenarios más que simplemente consultivos para convertirlos en instancias de decisión de carácter vinculante respecto de sus decisiones. En virtud de lo anterior, fue necesario hacer notorio cual era la realidad juvenil en el municipio de San José de Cúcuta y en el departamento Norte de Santander, identificando si los escenarios de participación juvenil existían y eran visibles de cara a la problemática que enfrenta este sector poblacional. En el mismo sentido, se hizo necesario verificar cual era el enfoque que se ha dado a las políticas de juventud enmarcadas dentro de la actual Ley Estatutaria de Juventud, que en la actualidad se están aplicando, para efectos de determinar su pertinencia y eficacia.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar o entendimento de gestores municipais de saúde acerca das políticas públicas destinadas a população idosa e a forma de como elas são efetivadas no município. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido com 14 gestores municipais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados conforme os preceitos da análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS Os resultados evidenciam a carência de saberes dos gestores municipais de saúde, relativos a políticas públicas de atenção aos idosos. Também, a atenção prestada a idosos nos municípios estudados centra-se em medidas de controle dos agravos à saúde. CONCLUSÃO Os municípios não possuem políticas específicas de atenção à saúde da população idosa. Assim, estes resultados podem subsidiar reflexões acerca da atenção a idosos nos serviços de saúde, sua relação com a legislação e a aplicabilidade das políticas públicas de saúde.

The present endeavor proposes the analysis of public politics which regard the energy sector. The energy sector represents a fundamental and determining component in the states’ social-economic development, a sector which is related even to national security. The European Union is the largest energy importer on a global scale, importing approximately half of the energy demand and the pessimistic projection is placed at approximately 70% in the perspective of the following two decades. Accomplishing energy security on the European Union’s level implies a number of directions for action: diversifying the sources and routes of transport in regard to natural gases; intertwining member countries so that no E.U. state is left isolated in crisis situations; decreasing dependency of conventional sources and increasing energy efficiency; reinforced dialogue with energy suppliers.

This paper aims to find some answers regarding the long term sustainability of the pension system. Romania’s pension system originates from the invalidity insurances and pension system designed by the German cancellor Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismark in 1889. From a European perspective, Romania has to fill an obvious gap regarding the reformation of the national public pension system. International experience, particularly of the last 130 years, indicates that, in actuality, multiple pension systems have been put into function in most of the world’s countries and which are diferenciated by some elements (organizing and managing the system, defyning pension rights, method of forming the resources, the pension’s level rapported to the average income etc.) and after the eficacity degree dependent on internal influences, social, economic and demographic environment, and last but not least by the political factor.

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La presente entrevista versa sobre la enseñanza del español en Brasil: presente, pasado y futuro, con dos investigadores claves que estudiaron la situación del español en Brasil en distintas publicaciones a lo largo de varios años. En ella, los profesores Francisco Moreno Fernández y Gretel Eres Fernández discuten el estado actual del español en ese país, el cual no afecta solo a las fronteras brasileñas sino que puede tener un impacto considerable en otras dimensiones de la expansión y consolidación del español. En este sentido, creemos que es un tema de interés en el ámbito de ELE y por ello nos gustaría que otras personas pudieran conocer esta situación de las manos de dos expertos.

Major dysfunctionalities can arise from the demographic decline, both on a social level and from the perspective of the economic-financial evolution of the world’s states. The obvious aging of the industrialized states’ population overlapping the import of cheap workforce in the developing countries can start mutations whose consequences are somewhat predictable but discouraging. An accelerated urbanization of the states is foreseen, as well as the decrease of birthrates, negative external migration, increase of mortality and its stagnation in a larger value than that of the birthrate, and not least the population’s aging will hinder a part of the developing countries to sustain a high rhythm of long-term economical increase. The socialeconomic consequences will be reflected in the labor market, the householders’ amount of income as well as in the education’s level. All of these aspects call for a rethinking of the public politics, especially of the social insurance’s system and of the education, a reorientation of the economy based on the increase of specializing in production and productivity, as well as a financial stability unburdened by the politics’ interference in the business environment.

The said paper proposes to seak some answers regarding the long term sustainability of the pension system. Romania’s pension system originates from the invalidity insurances and pension system designed by the German cancellor Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismark in 1889. From a European perspective, Romania has to fill an obvious gap regarding the reformation of the national public pension system. International experience, particularly of the last 130 years, indicates that, in actuality, multiple pension systems have been put into function in most of the world’s countries and which are diferenciated by some elements (organizing and managing the system, defyning pension rights, method of forming the resources, the pension’s level rapported to the average income etc.) and after the eficacity degree dependent on internal influences, social, economic and demographic environment, and last but not least by the political factor.

O tema proposto tem como ponto de partida a inquietação de pessoas, grupos, pensadores que vêm refletindo sobre o funcionamento global da sociedade brasileira. Principalmente depois de 1985, com a substituição do regime militar por um regime democrático, que ficou conhecido como Nova República. Analisando os últimos (quase) 30 anos, um cientista social afirmou: “A desmontagem da Nova República”... “está sendo claramente vivida neste começo de século e de milênio”... “As instituições e os partidos políticos”... entraram... “em nítido colapso no vendaval das manifestações populares”... “e perderam os laços com a sociedade”. Essas palavras transformam o tema numa pergunta: o modo de operar das instituições governa-mentais nacionais, e em particular dos órgãos de vigilância sanitária, tem servido à inclusão social e à proteção à saúde? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The theme has as its starting point the caring of people, groups, thinkers who have reflected on the overall functioning of Brazilian society. Especially after 1985, with the replacement of the military regime by a democratic regime, which became known as the New Republic. Analyzing the last (almost) 30 years, a social scientist said: "The dismantling of the New Republic" ... "is clearly being experienced early this century and millennium" ... "The institutions and political parties" .. . entered ... "in sharp collapse in a gale of popular demonstrations" ... "and lost ties with society". These words become the subject of a question: how to operate the national government institutions, and in particular the health authorities, has served the social inclusion and health protection?

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Public Politic PROEJA - National Program of Integration of Professional Education with the basic education in the modality of Adults and Youngsters Education - EJA - aims to offer the opportunity of study for those which didn't have access to high school in the regular age, it is based in a public politic of social inclusion. The present work consists of an ex post evaluation of this politic in IFBA - Federal Institution of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia - Campus Santo Amaro - BA, Technical Course in Work Security with the objective of verifying whether and in what measure its execution favors the socioeducational inclusion of EJA's audience, in the way of contributing to the sociolaboral integration of these citizens. We opted for the philosophical stream of dialectical historic materialism, based on the ideas of Marx and Engels which theoretic categories are fundamental for our understanding of the inherent contradictions of the present historical process. We elected three empiric categories of analysis - access conditions, permanence and conclusion of the target audience. We collected and gathered quantitative and qualitative data through semistructured interviews with key-witnesses of the institution and with students of the focal group activity. We verified that the way how the politic has been executed consists in a new denial of rights already denied to EJA's subjects. The objective is to point out the nuances which already are present in the terms of deviations, distortions, exclusion and denial of the rights due to the way the politics has been executed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development level of a society is closely related to the development state of its individuals. Ensuring a high level of welfare for individuals is done through public politics. In this work, the definition of public politics is presented through the synthesis of several authors` points of view. Starting from these visions, we have presented at a national level the public politics of public expenditures and those of public debt respectively. In regard to public debt politics, we have presented the „Public debt management (Management of government public debt and the authorisation and supervision of local public debt)” politic along with its aim and objectives. Towards the final part of the document we have emphasised the objectives of the strategy regarding government public debt management on medium term for 2012-2014 (Strategy).

The demographic decline can create major dysfunctionalities not only on a social level but also from the perspective of the economic-financial evolution of the world’s states. The obvious aging of the industrialized states’ population overlapping the import of cheap workforce in the developing countries can start mutations whose consequences are somewhat predictable but discouraging. First, an accelerated urbanization of the states is foreseen, second, the decrease of birthrates, negative external migration, increase of mortality and its stagnation in a larger value than that of the birthrate, and not least the population’s aging will hinder a part of the developing countries to sustain a high rhythm of long-term economic increase. The social-economic consequences will be reflected in the labor market, the householders’ amount of income as well as in the education’s level. All these impose a rethinking of the public politics, especially of the social insurance’s system and of the education, a reorientation of the economy based on the increase of specializing in production and productivity, as well as a financial stability unburdened by the politics’ interference in the business environment.

Both the gender issue and drugs public politics are a relatively recent reality in Europe. The essay provides a context for the two following articles, summarizing the EU process, the gender system and the social problem of drugs from a public politics point of view. The ambivalent juridical perspective (legal-illegal) to which certain behaviours linked to these kind of substances are subdued, has conditioned the scientific boundary of public politics related to drugs in the EU. Tanto la cuestión género como las políticas públicas en materia de drogas son una realidad relativamente reciente en Europa. El texto es una contextualización de los dos siguientes artículos de la publicación, donde se pretende sintetizar, además del proceso de UE, el sistema de género y el fenómeno social de las drogas, desde una perspectiva de políticas públicas. La ambivalente perspectiva jurídica (legal-ilegal) a la que se someten determinados comportamientos relacionados con este tipo de sustancias, ha llegado a condicionar el ámbito científico de las políticas públicas en materia de drogas en la UE. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2111914

A guerra contra as drogas está longe de ser efetiva na redução da procura e da oferta neste mercado. Como o custo para fazer cumprir a atual legislação sobre drogas é muito elevado, a sociedade mundial deve avaliar a capacidade estatal para fazer cumprir a proibição, e o resultado real que um combate truculento ao ­tráfico tem produzido. Ao apresentar evidências de que a guerra contra as drogas tem apresentado resultados pouco satisfatórios, uma política mais racional - baseada na ética liberal - é apresentada para lidar com a questão.The ongoing war on drugs is far from being effective in reducing either the demand or supply side of the market. As the costs of enforcing the drug laws are very high, the global community should consider the feasibility of prohibition and the real results that have been achieved so far. Presenting evidence that the results of the war on drugs are largely unsatisfactory, a simpler model based on liberal ethics is proposed to deal with this matter.

Sob os referenciais da Análise Crítica do Discurso e da Educação Ambiental Crítica, são analisados o Programa Nacional de Formação de Educadores Ambientais (ProFEA) e textos com conceituações-chave para as políticas públicas em Educação Ambiental (EA). Com a análise discursiva feita verifica-se que as relações entre a EA e a escola são apresentadas em duas direções coincidentes: busca-se afastar ou secundarizar tais práticas do contexto escolar, transferindo-as para outros espaços vistos como mais compatíveis à prática educativa ambiental; e, quando estas ações estão voltadas para a inserção nas escolas, nem sempre são concebidas e realizadas em diálogo com a comunidade e os conhecimentos escolares, entrando, portanto, de modo periférico no "mundo da educação", não tocando em questões centrais de sua materialidade. Assim, o ProFEA propõe uma ação formativa sem centralidade na escola e nos agentes da educação. Defende-se aqui a entrada da EA nas escolas públicas pela "porta da frente".Considering Critical Discourse Analysis and Critical Environmental Education as the theoretical basis of this work, we analyse the Programa Nacional de Formação de Educadores(as) Ambientais (National Program for the formation of environmental educators) and also some texts with key concepts for public politics in Environmental Education (EE). In this work, discourse analysis shows that the relation between EE and school is presented in two coincident directions: on the one hand, it is intended to take those practices out of the school context, transferring them for other spaces considered more compatible with EE practices; on the other hand, when those actions are aimed at school integration, they are not always conceived and done as a dialogue between community and school knowledge. Therefore, they are not included or referred to as central questions for the educational context. Thus, ProFEA suggests that formation actions are not centered at school and the educational agents. This work advocates the entry of EE in public schools by the "front door".

O presente estudo se propõe a investigar a percepção de professores de educação física, que atuam em projetos de inserção social através do esporte em comunidades populares do município do Rio de Janeiro, sobre os seus alunos e a intervenção institucional. Tomaram parte deste estudo, 25 profissionais de educação física, com idade entre 27 e 59 anos (M = 37,28). Os entrevistados atuavam em programas de intervenção sócio educacional através do esporte situados no interior de duas favelas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os professores responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada com questões abertas sobre suas experiências com o esporte (benefícios e avaliação,) suas orientações sobre os objetivos dos programas, sobre os alunos e sobre os benefícios ou prejuízos do esporte, tanto em termos pessoais quanto entre os participantes dos projetos. Os dados revelam as seguintes evidências: a) os professores não conseguem perceber em seus alunos potenciais para crescerem no esporte; b) não acreditam no esporte como meio de formação pessoal e profissional; c) não acreditam que as condições materiais e de infra-estrutura sejam suficientes para a formação dos alunos; d) não percebem em si competência para contribuir na formação dos alunos; e) não estão comprometidos com o processo de formação dos alunos. Estes indicativos merecem ser mais bem investigados, pois o seu resultado parece ser a falta de instrumentalização dos alunos participantes em Projetos de Inclusão Social para que tenham condições de fazer maiores investimentos na formação esportiva.The present study aimed to investigate the perception of the physical education teachers who work in social insertion projects through the sport in popular communities of the city of Rio de Janeiro on their students and the institutional intervention. The participants were 25 professionals of physical education, with age between 27 and 59 years (M = 37.28). The interviewed worked in two slum quarters of the City of Rio de Janeiro. The teachers answered a half-structuralized interview involving questions related to their experiences, evaluations and expectations of the respondents on the profile economic partner, the perception of the benefits or damages of the sport in their personal and professional formation, the evaluation of the potentialities and limitations of the students and the project and its beliefs about the impact of the intervention through the sport on the formation of the children and young The data revealed the following evidences: a) the teachers are not able in their students the potential to grow through the sport; b) they do not believe in the sport as a way of personal and professional formation; c) they do not believe that the material and infra-structural conditions are sufficient for the students formation; d) they do not perceive competence in themselves to contribute to the students formation; e) they are not compromised with the students formation process. These indicatives deserve to be better investigated because the result seems to need instrumental resources of the participant students in Social Inclusion Projects so they can have conditions to make greater investments at the sportive formation.

This article presents an overview of the first Center of Psychosocial Attention (Caps) established in the city of Manaus (AM) and the deployment of the principles of Psychiatrist Reform in the city. The purpose of the research was to bring out the conditions that are obstacles to the proper functioning of the center and for the success of the psychiatrist reform, using as an object of investigation the view of the professionals working in this health service. Results were obtained through semi-structured interviews with professionals, and detecting the lacks concerning the operation of the mental health support network in the city, preventing the Caps to provide the specialized service for which it was created, one of which the lack of integration of the municipal health network. That way, is shown the significance of promoting public that further integration of the health network in Manaus.