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En el presente trabajo, establezco una relación entre el ‘realismo’ de La colmena y un retrato de la autoridad española, especialmente de la policía, como una extensión de las políticas de vigilancia, control y castigo empleadas por el Franquismo. En esta línea, analizo cómo en la novela de Cela, sin realizarse una crítica directa hacia el Franquismo, es inevitable encontrar en la descripción de la sociedad de los años cuarenta en España un reflejo de las políticas punitivas contra la disidencia empleadas durante los primeros años de dictadura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Police officers are frequently exposed to a wide variety of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and are therefore at a considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research estimated the point prevalence of PTSD in Belgian police officers at 7.4%, significantly higher than in the general population. An effective organisational strategy to manage posttraumatic stress is essential.Objective: We aimed to develop a novel organisational approach regarding traumatic stress for Belgian police, combining evidence-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress in a stepped care intervention model.Method: In a broad development process, we combined scientific literature, case studies of best practices from other police organisations with insights gathered from a number of expert panels, thematic working groups and feedback groups.Results: A comprehensive stepped care intervention model was developed, consisting of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress.Conclusions: The intervention model is a promising organisational strategy for the management of posttraumatic stress in police organisations based on evidence-based interventions. Its effectiveness will be studied in the coming years.

The relationship between the public and local government is crucial for the success of government in carrying out its duties. Despite this, the public is not always willing to engage with government. Previous research tells us that negative personal bureaucratic interactions can politically demobilize. However, little is known about whether feedback effects on participation are particular to offending government agencies or similarly felt by other organizations in a community. Building on studies of policy feedback, this study investigates how police killings, a form of community police contact, influence the public's willingness to engage with both local police and other local public services. Negative events, even when not directly experienced, disempower the public and undermine legitimacy, depressing participation. We test the effects of policing killings on participation using both observational data on 911 calls and 311 requests and a survey experiment where we manipulate exposure to a community police killing. We find evidence of decreased participation with local police and local government more broadly, contributing to our understanding of policy feedback, policing, and provision of public services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo indaga las percepciones policiales sobre la influencia de las imágenes en las tareas de prevención y represión del delito, su función probatoria en la justicia penal y las modalidades de difusión de casos de violencia policial e inseguridad urbana en medios de comunicación y redes sociales de Argentina. El diseño del estudio es cualitativo. Las fuentes de los datos provienen de entrevistas a agentes de la Policía Federal Argentina y de la Policía de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante 2023. La estrategia analítica fue la del muestreo teórico y de la comparación constante. Los principales hallazgos del artículo muestran el rol de la imagen en el gobierno de la seguridad y la construcción de la noticia policial, a partir de tres categorías: la imagen como herramienta del trabajo policial, como producto a “vender” en medios y redes sociales y como prueba frente a la justicia.

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Esta investigación exploratoria cualitativa examina la percepción de autolegitimidad de los funcionarios de Carabineros de Chile, una institución policial nacional que opera en la región de La Araucanía, caracterizada por una alta conflictividad territorial de carácter indígena. Se entrevistaron 46 funcionarios de diversas funciones policiales utilizando dos técnicas de recolección de datos: grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de los ataques a la policía y de la percepción de falta de apoyo institucional en la percepción de autolegitimidad policial por parte de los funcionarios. Por otro lado, los funcionarios con una labor de mayor vinculación ciudadana perciben una mayor eficacia de su actuación y, por tanto, tienen una mayor autolegitimidad. La investigación concluye subrayando la necesidad de estudios adicionales sobre este tema aún por explorar en Latinoamérica, especialmente de tipo cuantitativo, para optimizar la gobernanza policial en zonas de conflicto.

RESUMEN Este trabajo busca explicar, a través de un medio escrito policial como es la Revista de los Carabineros de Chile (RCCh) en un período histórico determinado (1946-1973), las distintas representaciones textuales y visuales que se elaboraron respecto de personas y grupos, adjetivados como anormales, a partir de su virtual peligrosidad para la autoridad, la ciudadanía y la moralidad pública. Mediante un análisis de contenido de las informaciones y artículos allí aparecidos, se examinan las identidades atribuidas a delincuentes, criminales, alcohólicos y toxicómanos, elaboradas a partir de la identificación de conductas y apariencias reconocibles por la colectividad y del relevamiento de los supuestos culturales de época. Dichas construcciones mostrarían un carácter adaptativo a escenarios ideológicos y preocupaciones morales cambiantes, siendo capaces de generar lenguajes enunciativos, discursivos y opinantes, además de definir, caracterizar y reforzar, por oposición, la identidad institucional de la policía uniformada chilena.

Con el presente artículo se buscó analizar las actitudes comportamentales contrarias a la disciplina de los estudiantes antiguos en las escuelas de formación policial. Como metodología se diseñó un estudio transversal a partir del análisis de Python, cluster K-means y las pruebas ANOVA. En el estudio participaron 532 estudiantes en calidad de cadetes y alféreces, con rango de edad entre 18 y 37 años. Los resultados establecieron que: 1) Los estudiantes encuestados consideran que la antigüedad influye en el cambio en la disciplina en la institución. 2). El grado que tiene el estudiante dentro de la institución influye significativamente en las razones de elección de la profesión como oficial de la Policía. 3). Las variables sociodemográficas como grado, nivel de escolaridad y sexo influyen de manera significativa en la consideración de que la antigüedad afecta el comportamiento dentro de la institución. Como conclusión, hay estudiantes que infringen las normas causando daños a los demás miembros de la comunidad y justifican su comportamiento por ser antiguos en la institución, al considerar que es un privilegio que se han ganado con respecto a los demás estudiantes. Igualmente, es prioritario el diseño de estrategias de convivencia, por parte de las escuelas de formación policial, para minimizar las conductas contrarias a la disciplina por parte de los estudiantes antiguos y la aplicación a tiempo de los correctivos necesarios para establecer el buen ambiente escolar. La riqueza de los datos obtenidos abre nuevos horizontes investigativos sobre la disciplina y su incidencia en los ambientes educativos.

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de mostrar os agenciamentos morais e as técnicas de controle social de um grupo de milicianos e de duas políticas de segurança: o Destacamento de Polícia Ostensiva (DPO) e a Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP), no período de 2007 a 2011, na favela do Batan/RJ. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica de mais de três anos no território, que produziu uma série de entrevistas e conversas informais com moradores, defendemos que no período delimitado houve uma governança miliciana no Batan que congregou forças legais e ilegais militarizadas com a finalidade de controlar a moralidade dos moradores e coibir os desviantes. Nesse contexto, milícia e polícia se complementavam na gestão da ordem local, produzindo uma zona cinzenta de atuação ancorada em um mesmo projeto moral.

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This article critically examines reasons for the persistent use of states of emergency (SOEs) as a tool of crime control in Jamaica and risks associated with normalising these measures in small, low-capacity, competitive democracies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We attend to the question of permanent SOEs as an issue of law and certain policing methods becoming normalised. This differs from scholars who think about the use of permanent SOEs as suspension of law or executive rule and make a clear distinction between law and violence and normalcy and emergency. Our findings show that persistent usage of SOEs in Jamaica reflects the incapacity of the state to control violent crime as well as its effort to strengthen its coercive capabilities and compensate for the ineffectiveness of the police. It is also a response to public demand for SOE policing. State strengthening is a necessary condition for a more peaceful and law-abiding society but is also a carrier of risks of democratic degeneration via rights-disregarding policing. Nonetheless, we have seen authoritarian management of crime without descent into authoritarianism, in general, and strong boundary-marking and patrolling by some state-oversight institutions that enjoy the support of civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature has consistently found that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are reluctant to make their situation visible and report it to the police. Whether victims perceive and define IPV behaviors as reportable is key to understanding in which cases the police are seen as potential providers of help or whether other potential sources of help (family, friends, professionals, etc.) are preferred. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of perceived reportability of IPV on women's selection of the police as a source of help compared to not seeking help or selecting other sources of help. Structural equation modeling was applied to data from 479 female participants drawn from a nationally representative sample of 1,112 male and female Chilean adolescents and young adults conducted by the National Youth Institute of Chile. The results showed that perceived reportability was a significant predictor of choosing the police as a source of help compared to other informal sources of help, such as family and friends. However, perceived reportability did not affect help-seeking choices between the police and other formal help sources (psychologists, public services). Participants' IPV victimization and attitudes toward IPV also played a specific role in selecting the police as a source of help. These findings highlight the complexity of the visibility of women's IPV victimization to the police and the need to examine its explanatory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community police models, together with the georeferencing of crime and work focused on solving specific problems, have allowed improving indicators of attention to crime and the perception of security in cities. However, little care has been placed in these models for cooperative networks between patrols organized by districts or urban sectors, to maintain an articulated action that compensates for the scarcity of police resources and avoids over-targeting. This article analyzes the interaction between the network of police reinforcements and homicides and personal thefts in Bogotá, capital of Colombia. Exponential random graph (ERG) models, network analysis, and georeferenced gamma estimates of criminal behavior are used. At the level of the police sectors known as Commands for Immediate Attention (CAI), it is found that patrol network organization schemes are conditioned by the city's socioeconomic segregation patterns which limits the scope of the network in control of the crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Police officers are frequently exposed to a wide variety of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and are therefore at a considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research estimated the point prevalence of PTSD in Belgian police officers at 7.4%, significantly higher than in the general population. An effective organisational strategy to manage posttraumatic stress is essential. Objective: We aimed to develop a novel organisational approach regarding traumatic stress for Belgian police, combining evidence-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress in a stepped care intervention model. Method: In a broad development process, we combined scientific literature, case studies of best practices from other police organisations with insights gathered from a number of expert panels, thematic working groups and feedback groups. Results: A comprehensive stepped care intervention model was developed, consisting of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress. Conclusions: The intervention model is a promising organisational strategy for the management of posttraumatic stress in police organisations based on evidence-based interventions. Its effectiveness will be studied in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artículo analiza la capacidad de los programas de policía de proximidad o policía comunitaria para fomentar la confianza en la policía en dos localidades: el municipio de Nezahualcóyotl en el estado de México y el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México. Para ello se analizan los resultados de una encuesta aplicada a los habitantes de las dos localidades, mediante el desarrollo de un modelo de regresión logística binomial. Los resultados muestran que en ambos casos estas estrategias de proximidad han conseguido un impacto positivo en la confianza de los habitantes, más allá de otros factores individuales y contextuales. No obstante, la eficacia de la policía para prevenir delitos se muestra como el determinante principal de la confianza en ambos casos.

El estudio se realizó con una muestra representativa de policías ecuatorianos, en donde se confirma que la labor policial está continuamente expuesta a diversos factores estresantes, que se han visto agravados por la pandemia del COVID-19. Los objetivos de la investigación fue evaluar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout (SB), examinar la relación entre las distintas dimensiones del SB y la Satisfacción Laboral (SL) y proponer un modelo predictivo del SB específico para los policías ecuatorianos. El diseño de la investigación fue correlacional, utilizando una muestra de 3.735 policías durante el periodo de la pandemia, recopilando datos desde abril de 2020 hasta noviembre de 2022. Se aplicaron las encuestas 1) Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI-HSS), 2) Satisfacción Laboral de Sonia Palma (SL-SPC) y 3) Factores socios laborales. Los resultados indican que el 79.22% de la muestra son hombres, el 20.78% mujeres, con un 9.48% en roles directivos y un 90.52% desempeñando funciones técnico-operativas. Un 2.62% presenta un nivel alto de SB, mientras que el 70.04% muestra propensión a experimentar síntomas de agotamiento y el 30.10% experimenta insatisfacción laboral. Se observa una relación débil negativa (-.038) entre el SB y la SL. Con relación a las variables sociodemográficas, como el sexo, el estado civil, la edad y la paternidad, no parecen constituir factores de riesgo significativos para el desarrollo del SB en los policías. El modelo propuesto logra predecir el 64.1% del SB en los policías ecuatorianos, resaltando la importancia de atender las demandas laborales y proporcionar recursos adecuados.

El presente trabajo estudia el papel de la policía de investigación en México, también conocida como Policía ministerial o dependiente del fiscal o ministerio público, quien juega un papel muy importante en la reconstrucción del hecho presuntamente estimado como delito. Se analizan sus labores en cuanto al hallazgo preciso de pruebas, herramientas, identificación de testigos, etc., por indicación del fiscal, tendientes a vincular al imputado con la conducta de apariencia punible. En particular, se pone especial atención a la tarea policial de construir y resguardar la carpeta de investigación en el inicio del procedimiento penal. Se concluye que la Policía de investigación debe contar con un conocimiento técnico que le permita fungir como primer respondiente en la investigación penal.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la vigilancia colonial y su relación con el desarrollo policial. Para realizar este propósito se reconstruye la polisemia conceptual de la noción de policía y se relaciona con la introducción de los alcaldes de barrio en Santafé de Bogotá en 1774. Con base en un análisis amplio de fuentes primarias, se diferencia policía como concepto, práctica e incipiente institución (Policía). Solo con esta claridad se trazan sus diferentes articulaciones en las prácticas de vigilancia en la vida cotidiana en Santafé. El trabajo señala la importancia de historizar la policía en los siglos XVII, XVIII y el umbral del siglo XIX y describe el surgimiento de una cultura de la vigilancia policial fundada en la construcción del enemigo, la interiorización de las normas, la sectorización del espacio urbano, la investigación del crimen, la captura de sospechosos y el apoyo en la administración de justicia. Con este resultado, esta investigación invita a reflexionar sobre los alcaldes de barrio, en medio de diacronías, como una futura herencia colonial en cuerpo de la Policía moderna como garante de privilegios sistémicos.

Tras las campañas militares para la incorporación forzada de la población indígena en la Patagonia (1878-1885) al Estado nación argentino, no existió una única política para definir el devenir de los sobrevivientes del proceso genocida. La intervención en situaciones vinculadas a la ocupación de la tierra o al cumplimiento de derechos ciudadanos quedó principalmente en manos de la agencia policial (policías de territorio, policías o gendarmerías fronterizas, o Gendarmería Nacional). En el presente, existe un supuesto de antagonismo entre pueblos originarios y policías producto de una larga trayectoria de situaciones de violencia, así como de una lógica asimilacionista derivada del genocidio. Sin embargo, la fuerza policial viene siendo un campo más complejo en el que muchas/os mapuche son parte de ella. En este trabajo nos interesa profundizar en la policía como una “salida” y en las percepciones sobre la situación indígena del presente desde adentro de la institución y a partir de trayectorias personales de policías/mapuche en Río Negro.

Qual é o alcance dos riscos que as instituições democráticas correm com a politização da polícia produzida pelo bolsonarismo no Brasil? O artigo visa a apresentar alguns elementos de resposta ao analisar a evolução da interação entre policiais militares de São Paulo em redes sociais digitais. Os dados coletados e as observações realizadas em redes sociais de policiais militares demonstram escolhas individuais e institucionais de práticas e políticas que podem opor grupos de policiais ao regime democrático. Os resultados apontam que a adesão bolsonarista de policiais produziu um deslocamento do eixo do debate público sobre segurança, com recuo das propostas reformistas e reforço da militarização do controle do crime.

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa o delinear de racionalidades de atuação na principal força policial de Lisboa entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX. Com base nas ordens de serviço diárias e nas estatísticas policiais, examinamos esta conceptualização como uma encruzilhada de lutas entre um ideal construído e as práticas concretas, descortinando uma instituição a pensar-se a si própria. Mais do que impor uma ordem, o trabalho conclui que a polícia engendrou uma governamentalidade assente em práticas racionalizadas e no desenvolvimento de uma expectativa social em torno da intervenção policial.

Resumo As últimas décadas têm testemunhado o desenvolvimento e a expansão dos usos da ciência e da tecnologia em muitas áreas da vida social. Para a justiça criminal essa expansão pode constituir uma oportunidade para incorporar e testar o poder das novas ferramentas forenses. Contudo, tratando-se de instituições tradicionais, as forças policiais e o sistema de justiça em geral podem necessitar de períodos de adaptação para que as novas tecnologias sejam incorporadas nas maneiras de pensar e de fazer. Com base em grupos focais realizados em Unidades de Polícia Técnica Forense (UPT) em Portugal e adotando metodologias qualitativas e interpretativas, este artigo procura perceber como é que as tecnologias de ADN são incorporadas no trabalho de investigação policial. Ao fazê-lo explora a “reflexão na ação” feita pelas UPT e o “conhecimento problemático” associado ao seu trabalho: conhecimento tácito, inerte, ritual, alien e ainda um novo tipo de conhecimento a que aqui chamamos de ilusório.

Copyright of Latino Studies is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Police personnel are among the first responders exposed to terrorist attacks, raising in number in the late decades. Due to their profession, they are also exposed to repetitive violence, increasing their vulnerability to PTSD and depression. Objective: Our study aims at comparing the prevalence of PTSD and depression, and the risk factors associated with these conditions among directly and indirectly exposed versus non-exposed police personnel during the Strasbourg Christmas Market terrorist attack. Method: Three months after the attack, participants completed a survey assessing their sociodemographic characteristics, occupational data, degree of exposure, sleep debt around the event, event centrality (CES), and three mental health conditions: PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), and suicide risk (yes/no questions). Results: A total of 475 police personnel responded to the questionnaire: 263 were exposed to the attack (182 of them directly) and 212 were non-exposed. Among directly exposed participants, the prevalences of partial and complete PTSD were 12.6 and 6.6%, and the prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression was 11.5%. Multivariate analysis revealed that direct exposure was associated with a higher risk of PTSD (OR = 2.98 [1.10–8.12], p =.03). Direct exposure was not associated with a higher risk of depression (OR = 0.40 [0.10–1.10], p =.08). A significant sleep debt after the event was not associated with a higher risk of later PTSD (OR = 2.18 [0.81–5.91], p =.13) but was associated with depression (OR = 7.92 [2.40–26.5], p <.001). A higher event centrality was associated with both PTSD and depression (p <.001). Conclusions: Police personnel directly exposed to the Strasbourg Christmas Market terrorist attack were at higher risk of PTSD but not depression. Efforts to prevent and treat PTSD should focus on directly exposed police personnel. However, general mental health should be monitored for every personnel member. Direct exposure to the terrorist attack and gender (female) were significantly associated with a higher risk of PTSD among police personnel. Sleep debt after the attack was significantly associated with depression but not with PTSD. No occupational factor was associated with either PTSD or depression. Both PTSD and depression were significantly associated with a higher suicide risk. A higher event centrality was significantly associated with direct exposure and a higher risk of both PTSD and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work stress has been identified as a critical factor affecting mental health in police officers. Psychosocial factors increase the impact of work stress on police officers and, in the long run, contribute to the onset of burnout symptoms. In this research a sample of 323 was studied to study the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and the probability of suffering burnout symptoms. The participant’s answers to the MBI-GS and F-PSICO (version 4.0) were analysed by using network analysis. The results show that psychosocial risk factors are strongly associated in network models when higher level of cynicism and emotional exhaustion are observed. Additionally, higher levels of burnout in police officers were observed when lower autonomy, higher psychological demands, role ambiguities and a lower perceived social support were present. Results are discussed considering its theoretical and applied relevance to design healthier work environments and efficient psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse que podem afetar a vida profissional e pessoal de Policiais Militares. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e transversal, desenvolvido no 2º Batalhão da Polícia Militar do município de Campina Grande-Paraíba. Foi utilizado um questionário com características sociodemográficas, Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Escala de Ansiedade de Beck e Inventário de Stress para adultos de Lipp. Os dados obtidos foram transcritos na planilha e em seguida, analisados através do programa R. Resultados: a maior parte dos profissionais não apresentaram níveis elevados de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. As mulheres apresentaram maior tendência a desenvolver depressão e ansiedade. Conclusão: evidencia-se a importância do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e projetos que visem trabalhar essas questões, buscando diminuir os riscos do desenvolvimento de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em Policiais Militares.

This article develops and extends the critical theory of police power by applying it to Colombia. Scholarship on police in Colombia has been undermined by a focus on the kind of creation myth that one finds in most histories of police: that policing only properly begins in a key foundational year. In Colombia, that year is 1891. This approach overlooks or downplays the importance of the concept of policía. This is the original and far more expansive police concept through which social order in Colombia was fabricated. By paying attention to the continued importance of policía, this article drastically transforms our understanding of police power and state formation in Colombia, and extends the critical theory of police power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicaragua is often held up as an exception within the Central American panorama of criminal violence, widely presented as the safest country in the region due to its particular revolutionary legacies, the (supposed) absence of transnational gangs and drug-trafficking organisations, and the National Police's representation as an efficient and professional force. This commentary proposes an alternative reading of Nicaragua's contemporary political economy of violence in order to reveal the profoundly misleading nature of this prevalent view. In particular, it highlights how Nicaragua is governed through a particular political 'settlement' underpinned by drug trafficking, police and judicial corruption, as well as 'mafia state' governance. These factors have coalesced to establish a highly efficient and engrained 'narco-state' whose undoing is unlikely in the short term. A Nicarágua é muitas vezes considerada uma exceção no panorama da violência criminal centro-americana, frequentemente apresentada como o país mais seguro da região devido a seus legados revolucionários particulares; à (suposta) ausência de gangues transnacionais e organizações de narcotráfico; e à representação da Polícia Nacional como força eficiente e profissional. Este comentário propõe uma leitura alternativa da economia política da violência na Nicarágua contemporânea para revelar a natureza profundamente enganosa dessa visão predominante. Em particular, destaca como a Nicarágua é governada por meio de um 'assentamento' político particular sustentado pelo tráfico de drogas, pela corrupção policial e judicial e por uma governança de 'estado mafioso'. Esses fatores se uniram para estabelecer um 'narcoestado' altamente eficiente e enraizado, cuja ruína é improvável no curto prazo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen En este trabajo analizamos desde una perspectiva antropológica un ensamblaje museal, entendido como la trama de proyectos, objetos, narrativas, afectos, actores y performance dispuestos para conectar emocionalmente al público y movilizar valores institucionales. Nos ocupamos de manera específica del Museo Histórico de la Policía Nacional de Colombia (mhpn), institución que alberga un conjunto de piezas y narrativas evolucionistas y contemporáneas dispuestas para justificar la misión de la institución policial y el uso de la violencia por parte del Estado. En estas narrativas, los agentes de policía son presentados como héroes y como víctimas y se hace explícita una profunda herida institucional. Pero el museo alberga también objetos abyectos, muchos de ellos pertenecientes a famosos criminales y obtenidos en medio del conflicto armado y de la lucha contra los carteles del narcotráfico. Argumentamos que, pese al esfuerzo de los guías y directivos del mhpn por mostrar una imagen positiva de la policía, los objetos abyectos ganan la partida y terminan siendo preferidos por los visitantes. Así mismo, vemos cómo, en medio del último estallido social acaecido en Colombia, los objetos de los representantes de la ley puedan ser leídos como abyectos, al materializar la injusticia y el exceso infringido por representantes del Estado. Consideramos que el caso del mhpn es bueno para pensar las relaciones entre materialidad, conflicto y emociones, y para entender la imagen de mundo de las instituciones estatales encargadas de mantener el orden social.

Este estudo trata da observação de um caso de aplicação dos princípios de educação inovadora no treinamento de Condução Veicular Policial (CVP), aplicado durante o Ciclo de Atualização Policial da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF), evento de capacitação profissional realizado anualmente por Policiais Rodoviários Federais como forma de aprimoramento e atualização das técnicas necessárias para o exercício de suas funções. Por meio do emprego de técnicas pedagógicas, como a gamificação, buscou-se induzir nos instruendos o estado de flow na prática de exercícios que simulam situações que poderão ser encontradas nas rotinas operacionais diárias, tendo como objetivo o desenvolvimento de práticas de direção segura para a redução dos índices de vitimização policial por acidentes de trânsito. Os resultados observados apontam para um elevado nível de comprometimento dos instruendos e revelam a importância do treinamento de CVP no âmbito da educação corporativa da PRF.

A segurança pública é dever do Estado definido na Constituição Federal de 1988. A estrutura da vida policial é rígida, hierarquizada de maneira significativamente anacrônica com o desenvolvimento do mundo do trabalho na atualidade. Ademais, a organização policial é recorrente tema de debates, nos quais, rotineiramente, a população questiona sua credibilidade. Ainda que seja visto desta forma, o policial é geralmente um profissional advindo da classe média baixa ou baixa e que atua muito próximo aos seus locais de moradia e convívio social. A dificuldade dos policiais em separar o aspecto pessoal e profissional tem sido indicada como um foco importante de sofrimento psíquico para este trabalhador. Por meio dessas considerações, pretende-se vincular a prática policial com conceito de not being-at-ease da fenomenologia de Mariana Ortega e apontar para estratégias de prevenção e enfrentamento ao adoecimento psíquico desses profissionais.

El objetivo del artículo es analizar algunas prácticas policiales y urbanas, condicionalmente relacionadas, en San José, capital de Costa Rica, a finales del siglo XX e inicios del siglo XXI. Para esto, se identifican tres momentos de la historia reciente de la ciudad considerando los postulados desarrollados por Michel Foucault en el seminario Seguridad, territorio, población. El primer momento es la creación de la Policía Municipal en el año de 1995 como cuerpo encargado de preservar el orden y del Plan Director Urbano como normativa de regulación de la ciudad. El segundo momento es la puesta en marcha del Programa de Regeneración y Repoblamiento en el año 2004 como iniciativa de recuperación urbana y de atracción de inversión inmobiliaria. El tercer momento es la aparición de un complejo sistema de videocámaras en el año 2008 como nueva red de vigilancia tecnológica. Finalmente, se concluye que la producción del espacio implica siempre la producción de la policía y que estos procesos deben entenderse de manera conjunta.

Over the past decades, the psychological science has accumulated a large corpus of empirical knowledge about police interviews, deception detection, and suspects' confessions. However, it is unclear whether European police forces' practices and beliefs are consistent with recommendations derived from this empirical literature. The study described in this report is part of a larger research project examining European police investigators' practices and beliefs. An online survey was administered to Guardia Civil (n = 89) and Policía Nacional investigators (n = 126). The survey inquired about the length, frequency and electronic recording of interviews, the suspects' use of their right to remain silent, investigators' self-reported skills in distinguishing between truthful and deceptive statements, their estimates of the frequency of (false) confessions, and their use of specific interview tactics. The outcomes provide insights into investigators' knowledge and practices, highlight specific needs, and allow for a comparison between European and North American police forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Police officers are at considerable risk of developing posttraumatic symptoms because they frequently encounter violent or emotionally disturbing incidents. We investigate experiences with potentially traumatic events (PTE), traumatic exposure, and the prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD and subclinical PTSD in a sample of Belgian police officers. Methods: In total, 1,465 police officers from 15 Belgian Local Police zones participated in a web-based survey, consisting of three segments: evaluating experiences with a list of 29 PTE, assessing if any of these PTE accounted for traumatic exposure, and evaluating 1-month probable PTSD, complex PTSD and subclinical PTSD prevalence using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Results: Police officers frequently experience a wide range of PTE. A large majority of 93.0% reports traumatic exposure. Assessment with ITQ shows a 1-month prevalence of 5.87% for probable PTSD and 1.50% for probable complex PTSD, while an additional 7.58% report subclinical PTSD. No demographic variables influenced PTSD prevalence. Cumulative PTE experiences in itself did not predict PTSD, while the characteristics of certain PTE did entail a higher prevalence of probable PTSD and subclinical PTSD. Discussion: This study is the first to evaluate experiences with PTE, traumatic exposure and 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD, complex PTSD, and subclinical PTSD in Belgian police officers. Police officers are frequently confronted with a broad variety of PTE, and a large majority reports traumatic exposure. The 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD is significantly higher compared to previous international research in the general population, but lower than in similar international research involving police officers. In this study, cumulative PTE experiences in itself did not reliably predict PTSD, while the characteristics of certain PTE did. Posttraumatic symptoms are an important mental health challenge in Belgian police. This study is the first to evaluate experiences with PTE, traumatic exposure and 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD, complex PTSD, and subclinical PTSD in Belgian police officers. Results show that police officers are frequently confronted with a broad variety of PTE, and a large majority reports traumatic exposure. The 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD is significantly higher compared to previous international research in the general population, but lower than in similar international research involving police officers. In this study, cumulative PTE experiences in itself did not reliably predict PTSD, while the characteristics of certain PTE did. Posttraumatic symptoms are an important mental health challenge in Belgian police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las investigaciones han destacado la importancia de la confianza entre ciudadanos y autoridades para el reconocimiento de las leyes y el mantenimiento del orden democrático. Así que el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar los elementos que contribuyen a generar confianza en la policía. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 743 adolescentes de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, y se realizó un análisis de regresión ordinal multinivel. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes de escuelas públicas y los que tienen un mayor número de experiencias indirectas con la policía confían menos en ella; en cambio, cuando creen en un trato justo y respetuoso, tienden a confiar más. Por lo tanto, adoptar una estrategia consensuada para trabajar con adolescentes puede ser una forma de construir lazos de confianza con la institución policial.

This theoretical essay has the central aim of thinking about the possibilities of studies that the adoption of technologies in police organizations, also called as extreme work organization, may propose to the field of Organizational Studies. To this end, we present police organizations through international and national histories as political organizations that are part of the public apparatus. From this initial argument, we discuss the tension between the police organization and the adoption of technologies as a form of legitimation. Subsequently, we indicate as a basis for reflection four technologies in contemporary police practice: cameras, facial recognition, Big Data and genetic mapping. With the analysis of these technologies and the most recent information about the possibilities adopted by the police, we suggest a research agenda within Organizational Studies through three fronts: rationalization and technological solutions; surveillance, race and gender; surveillance capitalism and the dark side of digitalization.

I propose a close reading on two critical interventions about crime fiction in Argentina: “Estado policial y novela negra argentina” (1991) by José Pablo Feinmann and “Para una reformulación del género policial argentino” (2006) by Carlos Gamerro. Beyond the time difference between the two, I observe aspects in common. Both texts elaborate a corpus of writers and fictions; propose an interpretative guide between the literary and the political-social series; maintain a specific interest in the relationship between crime fiction and police; and elaborate figures of enunciators who serve both as theorists of the genre and as writers of fiction. Among these four dimensions, the one that particularly interests me here is the third, since it allows me to investigate the link that is assumed between “detective fiction” and “police institution”. My conclusion is twofold: on the one hand, in both essays predominates a reductionist vision of the genre, since a kind of necessity is emphasized in the representation of the social order; on the other, its main objective seems to lie in intervening directly on the definitions of the detective fiction in Argentina (and, on this point, both texts acquire an undoubtedly prescriptive nuance).

Abstract This publication addresses the current debate on drug policy and human rights in Germany and the unwillingness of decision-makers to take responsibility for cannabis decriminalization and responsible adult regulation beyond party agreements. A group of experts, partly LEAP(Law Enforcement Against Prohibition)-Germany members and a team from Knowmad Institute, conducted a survey and collected input to provide an overview of the international and national situation and add to the discussion. The results show that the proportion of cannabis users in all educational and professional groups is higher than often assumed. Participants in the survey are in favor of legalization or state regulation of cannabis and see police measures and prosecution as inefficient. Regulation and decriminalization of drugs could increase trust in the state and lead to a more open approach to substances, which would ultimately benefit everyone's health and safety. The contributors recommend the pragmatic application of the Rome Consensus 2.0 as a tool for reforms toward humane drug policies. DE | Abstract:DievorliegendePublikationbefasstsichmitderaktuellenDebatteumdieDrogenpolitikundMenschenrechteinDeutschlandunddermangelndenBereitschaftvonEntscheidungsträgern,jenseitsvonParteivereinbarungenVerantwortungfürdieEntkriminalisierungvonCannabisundverantwortungsvolleRegulierungfürErwachsenezuübernehmen.EineGruppevonExperten,teilweiseLEAP(LawEnforcementAgainstProhibition)-DeutschlandMitgliederundeinTeamdesKnowmadInstituts,hateineUmfragedurchgeführtundBeiträgegesammelt,umeinenÜberblicküberdieinternationaleundnationaleSituationzugebenunddieDiskussionzuergänzen.DieErgebnissezeigen,dassderAnteilderCannabiskonsumenteninallenBildungsschichtenundBerufsgruppenhöheristalsoftangenommen.TeilnehmendederUmfragesprechensichfüreineLegalisierungoderstaatlicheRegulierungvonCannabisausundsehenpolizeilicheMaßnahmenundStrafverfolgungalsineffizientan.EineRegulierungundEntkriminalisierungvonDrogenkönntedasVertrauenindenStaatstärkenundzueinemoffenerenUmgangmitSubstanzenführen,wasletztendlichderGesundheitundSicherheitallerzugutekommenwürde.DieVerfasserempfehlendiepragmatischeAnwendungdesRomeConsensus2.0 als Instrument für Reformen hin zu einer humanen Drogenpolitik. ES | Abstract:EstapublicaciónabordaeldebateactualsobrelapolíticadedrogasylosderechoshumanosenAlemaniaylafaltadevoluntaddelosresponsablespolíticosparaasumirlaresponsabilidaddeladespenalizacióndelcannabisylaregulaciónresponsabledelosadultos,másalládelosacuerdosentrepartidos.Ungrupodeexpertos,enpartemiembrosdeLEAP(LawEnforcementAgainstProhibition)-AlemaniayunequipodelKnowmadInstitute,llevaronacabounaencuestayrecogieronaportacionesparaofrecerunavisióngeneraldelasituacióninternacionalynacionalycontribuiraldebate.Losresultadosmuestranquelaproporcióndeconsumidoresdecannabisentodoslosgruposeducativosyprofesionalesesmayordeloquesesuelesuponer.Losparticipantesenlaencuestaestánafavordelalegalizaciónolaregulaciónestataldelcannabisyconsideranineficaceslasmedidaspolicialesylapersecución.LaregulaciónydespenalizacióndelasdrogaspodríaaumentarlaconfianzaenelEstadoyconduciraunenfoquemásabiertodelassustancias,loqueenúltimainstanciaredundaríaenbeneficiodelasaludylaseguridaddetodos.LosautoresrecomiendanlaaplicaciónpragmáticadelRomeConsensus2.0comoherramientadereformahaciapolíticasdedrogasmáshumanas.

El estudio retoma los debates sobre la modernización en América Latina a través del análisis del proceso de formación de la policía en la Ciudad de México durante el Porfiriato. Para ello, adopta un enfoque histórico-pragmático y examina los modos de producción de dos revistas de la Gendarmería Municipal, sus intercambios con la prensa urbana y sus discursos sobre la tarea y la institución policial. Partiendo de la premisa de que estas revistas articularon zonas de contacto entre saberes desiguales, el estudio revela las paradojas de la formación policial y su dialéctica con la modernización finisecular. Así, el análisis contribuye a los estudios de la policía en México y complica la narrativa sobre la configuración de los órdenes modernos en América Latina.

O presente artigo analisa a trama originada pelo furto de uma carteira que pertencia a Franklin Dória, um promotor da cidade de Cachoeira, no Recôncavo da Bahia, em 1864. O principal suspeito, Lúcio, era escravizado da tia do promotor, tendo supostamente confiado a quantia subtraída – um conto e oitocentos mil réis – à sua própria tia, Petronilla, que teria usado o dinheiro para se alforriar, adquirir tecidos, joias em ouro e para agradar o seu amásio, Piranduba, um calafate livre apontado como cúmplice do delito. A pesquisa que segue, portanto, mostra como esse furto pode revelar os limites e fragilidades da política de domínio senhorial, evidenciando a agência das pessoas escravizadas. Para tanto, foram consultados: cartas íntimas, a literatura, um livro de memória, um inventário, relatos de viajantes, depoimentos, registros policiais, processos-crime, petições, legislações e assentamento de batismo.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de determinar lo que en la doctrina jurídica y política decimonónica se ha llamado poder de policía. Para lograr dicho objetivo se ha recurrido a un estudio de mediados del siglo pasado de un jurista argentino llamado Alberto Domínguez, en el cual se reúnen y se exponen de manera sistemática fuentes del pensamiento jurídico europeo y norteamericano del siglo xix y principios del xx. El análisis de dichas fuentes sirve para trazar una línea de estudio en continuidad con el trabajo de Michel Foucault sobre la técnica policial de los siglos xvii y xviii, que ha colocado la relación entre policía y gobierno en el centro de los debates de la filosofía política contemporánea. Con esto se pretende definir el lugar que tuvo el poder de policía en la nueva configuración gubernamental, que irrumpe desde el siglo xix.

Objetivo: este trabajo indaga en las narrativas de las fuerzas policiales de la Patagonia inscriptas en sus museos, monumentos y memoriales con el fin de analizar el rol de la violencia policial como productora del espacio social y de la memoria colectiva patagónica. Metodología: partimos del registro etnográfico producido en visitas a los lugares de la memoria mencionados en tres narrativas provinciales diversas: las de la policía de Neuquén a través del Museo y Archivo Comisario Inspector Luis Dewey, así como los memoriales y monumentos del interior provincial que recuerdan a los “caídos en cumplimiento del deber”; las comisarías del interior rural de la provincia de Río Negro que emergen como monumentos arquitectónicos distintivos de pueblos y parajes; y finalmente, el Museo Policial Comisario General (r) Roberto Godfrid de Santa Cruz. Originalidad: la violencia policial es un tema de difícil abordaje, este trabajo recurre a las narrativas propias de las fuerzas identificando sus diferentes formas de aparición y sopesando el valor que estas tienen para construir sentidos históricos de pertenencia. Conclusiones: estos lugares de memoria nos permiten indagar los posicionamientos y disputas policiales por sobre la construcción de la memoria colectiva patagónica, así como sus negaciones, silencios y omisiones. A partir de indagar en la aparición discrecional de la violencia en sus narrativas (algunas veces naturalizada, otras silenciada y otras explicitada), se manifiesta el lugar social que las policías construyen para sus instituciones en relación con la sociedad, a la vez que se evidencian las tensiones y diferencias hacia adentro de las fuerzas.

A estruturação de diferentes mercados ilegais imprescinde da participação de agentes públicos de segurança na sua operação. No tocante ao Brasil, tal fato é parte daquilo que comumente denomina-se “corrupção policial”. Muitas análises que se debruçaram sobre o tema encaram a corrupção enquanto desvio de certas normas sociais instituídas, que, no caso das polícias, seriam tributárias de problemas ligados à formação recebida pelos policiais e, principalmente, ao saber prático das ruas. O presente artigo, todavia, sugere um olhar diferente sobre o problema, que se constrói a partir de pesquisa etnográfica junto candidatos à carreira de policial militar anteriormente a qualquer contato formal com a corporação. Tomada enquanto resultado de processos de “classificação social”, a corrupção é uma categoria dinâmica nutrida por “moralidades situacionais” que permitem a agência dos sujeitos. Sendo assim, que moralidades informam diferentes significados de corrupção para candidatos à carreira de policial militar no Rio de Janeiro?

Este trabalho objetiva elucidar o perfil da cidadania circunscrita pela política híbrida desenvolvida no programa Unidades Paraná Seguro. O programa funcionou entre 2012 e 2015, instalando bases da Polícia Militar em territórios metropolitanos periféricos com altos índices de criminalidade, a fim de reduzi-los e desenvolver a cidadania de populações vulneráveis. A pesquisa documental e bibliográfica sobre a implantação do programa foi realizada à luz de referenciais pós-estruturalistas e pós-operaístas, por meio do método indutivo, a fim de avaliar a hipótese de que o policiamento foi convertido em governo bioeconômico, transformando o conceito de cidadania. Os resultados convergem para a descrição de uma cidadania governamentalizada, que não amplia a participação democrática, mas estabelece controles, regulações e técnicas de subjetivação neoliberais. Incentiva a busca ativa pelo trabalho por meio da profissionalização e do subemprego, ou do fomento à iniciativa autoempresarial precarizada, própria dos empresários de si mesmos.

Domestic abuse victim risk assessment is crucial for providing victims with the correct level of support. However, it has been shown that the approach currently taken by most UK police forces, the Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honour Based Violence (DASH) risk assessment, is not identifying the most vulnerable victims. Instead, we tested several machine learning algorithms and propose a predictive model, using logistic regression with elastic net as the best performing, that incorporates information readily available in police databases, and census-area-level statistics. We used data from a large UK police force including 350,000 domestic abuse incidents. Our models made significant improvement upon the predictive capacity of DASH, both for intimate partner violence (IPV; AUC = .748) and other forms of domestic abuse (non-IPV; AUC = .763). The most influential variables in the model were of the categories criminal history and domestic abuse history, particularly time since the last incident. We show that the DASH questions contributed almost nothing to the predictive performance. We also provide an overview of model fairness performance for ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups of the data sample. Although there were disparities between ethnic and demographic subgroups, everyone benefited from the increased accuracy of model-based predictions when compared with officer risk predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Positive School Psychology is the property of ASR Research Center India and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)