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Aim: This study aimed to review cognitive function and fine motor skills in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigate the association with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. Material and Methods: The study included 22 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS and 22 controls. Participants underwent neuropsychological tests, including the Stroop test, Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), line bisection test (LBT), serial reaction time test (SRTT), and finger tapping test (FTT). The relationship between severity of disease, MRI, and test performance was investigated. Results: It was determined that the patients were lateralized to the right in the LBT data, while the control group was lateralized to the left (p=0.024). On cognitive tests, there was no significant difference in Stroop test results (p=0.134), but the mean overall RAVLT of the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p

Neuroanatomical localization (NL) is a key skill in neurology, but learners often have difficulty with it. This study aims to evaluate a concise NL tool (NLT) developed to help teach and learn NL. To evaluate the NLT, an extended‐matching questions (EMQ) test to assess NL was designed and validated. The EMQ was validated with fourth‐year medical students and internal medicine and neurology residents. The NLT's usability was evaluated with third‐ and fourth‐year students, and the effectiveness was evaluated with an experimental study of second‐year students, using the EMQ as the outcome measure. Students were taught how to use both the NLT and textbook algorithms (control) to perform NL, then randomized into either group, and only allowed to use their assigned tool to complete the EMQ. Primary outcome was the difference in mean EMQ scores expressed as a percentage of total score. For EMQ validation, students (n = 56) scored lower than residents (n = 50) (76.7% ± 1.7 vs. 83.0% ± 1.6; mean ± standard error of mean, P < 0.009). The EMQ demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α 0.85) and generalizability (G‐coefficient 0.85). Third‐ (n = 77) and fourth‐year (n = 42) students found the NLT user‐friendly and helpful in their learning of NL. In the experimental study, scores were significantly higher for NLT group (n = 94) than for controls (n = 101) (42.5 vs. 37.0%, P = 0.014); the effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.36. The EMQ is validated to reliably assess NL and is generalizable, feasible, practical, and of low cost. The concise and user‐friendly NLT for NL was effective in aiding medical student performance of NL. Anat Sci Educ 11: 262–269. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de cães atendidos no Serviço de Neurologia (SN) do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), de 2006 a 2013, com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar a idade, a raça, o sexo e as doenças neurológicas e classificá-las de acordo com a região anatômica e o acrônimo DINAMIT-V. Foram avaliadas 1.277 fichas neurológicas de cães e obtidas as informações para inclusão no estudo em 1.184 delas, sendo o diagnóstico confirmado em 525 cães (44,4%) e presuntivo em 659 (55,6%). A raça mais frequente foi Dachshund (28,7%), seguida dos cães sem raça definida. Os locais mais afetados foram medula espinhal entre T3-L3 (40,9%) e tálamo-córtex (17,5%). A maioria dos cães foi diagnosticada com doença degenerativa (49%), sendo a doença do disco intervertebral a mais observada, seguida das doenças inflamatórias/infecciosas (16,6%). Pode se concluir que a maior prevalência das doenças neurológicas de cães envolve a medula espinhal e o tálamo-córtex, sendo as degenerativas as mais frequentes e os dados obtidos podem auxiliar em futuros estudos sobre a frequência e a distribuição das principais doenças neurológicas em cães.

RESUMO: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo de gatos com doenças neurológicas atendidos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário entre 2001 e 2014. O objetivo foi identificar e caracterizar a idade, o sexo, a raça, as doenças neurológicas e classificá-las de acordo com a região anatômica e o acrônimo DINAMIT-V. Foram observados 155 gatos com doenças neurológicas em 13 anos, sendo o diagnóstico confirmado em 112 gatos (72,2%) e presuntivo em 43 (27,8%). Gatos sem raça definida (77,9%) foram os mais comuns, seguido de gatos da raça persa e siamesa. Os locais mais afetados foram medula espinhal entre T3-L3 (28,4%) e tálamo-córtex (24,5%). A maioria dos gatos (43,9%) foi diagnosticada com doença traumática, principalmente trauma de medula espinhal, seguida de doença inflamatória/infecciosa (33,5%). Pode se concluir que a maior prevalência das doenças neurológicas de gatos envolve a medula espinhal e o tálamo-córtex, sendo as traumáticas as mais frequentes. Os dados obtidos podem auxiliar em futuros estudos sobre a frequência e a distribuição das principais doenças neurológicas em gatos.