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ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusions This review aimed to consolidate existing knowledge on this phenomenon by incorporating direct testimonies from individuals who have experienced breast cancer.A thorough metasynthesis of qualitative studies was conducted. English articles published prior to September 18 2023 were searched from eight databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, the Chinese biomedical literature service system, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang Database, and the Wipu Database. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, six articles were finally included in the quality appraisal and metaaggregation.A total of 30 research findings were distilled and integrated into three themes: causes of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR); feelings of FCR; coping with FCR; and six subthemes: disease treatment factors; psychological factors; FCR is worry and fear; overcoming; negative response; positive response.FCR is a subjective feeling; it is influenced by the interplay between the external environment (adjuvant therapy) and internal environment (psychological factors). Therefore, future care measures should be designed comprehensively, considering the individual characteristics of breast cancer survivors and the external environment. This could be the primary focus for addressing FCR in cancer patients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe which needs and difficulties are experienced by stroke patients and caregivers regarding their return to work and to synthesise the lived experiences of stroke patients and caregivers. Materials and methods: A systematic review and metasynthesis was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Sciences and PsycInfo, in according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research. Studies eligible for the review had to fulfil the following inclusion criteria: qualitative studies, stroke patients and their caregivers in a working age (approximately from 18 to 65 years old), discharged from the hospital. Results: Thirty-eight studies involving stroke patients and caregivers were included in this review. For the stroke patients' group, three main themes were identified: (a) Towards the future; (b) Professional support in return to work; and (c) return to work and employment perspective, while for caregivers two main themes were: (a) daily life challenges and role overload; and (b) employment challenges. Conclusions: Integrating public employment, social and health services, support for job placement, return to work, and social participation of stroke patients should be more supported in individual rehabilitation programs to help stroke survivors and caregivers in their return-to-work process. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: A program for returning to work after stroke should be developed as part of neurorehabilitation. Stroke survivors and caregivers need psychological and social support during rehabilitation. Integrating public employment, social and health services, support for job placement, return to work, and social participation would help stroke survivors and caregivers in the return-to-work process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptualized in France during the sixties, the Theory of Didactical Situations [TDS] is a pivotal framework for developing mathematics teaching and learning processes. Despite the increasing qualitative studies over the last ten years, there remains a dearth of analysis of its effects on mathematics education. Through a Grounded Formal Theory approach, this paper presents the metasynthesis of 28 studies screened from four research databases--ProQuest, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and JSTOR. Data extraction was performed to enumerate the author/s, country, publication year, and connected theoretical approaches with TDS. Subsequently, the studies were categorized into three axial codes based on the studies' goals of applying TDS: lesson sequence, teacher development, and learning innovations. The synthesis underscores TDS' capacity to improve the sequence of mathematics lessons, particularly geometry and number patterns; develop teachers' pedagogical practices in teaching elementary, high school, and college students; and be a practical tool in innovating didactical resources for learning mathematics. TDS was also associated with other theoretical approaches, such as constructivism, realistic mathematics education, gamification, and technology-based instruction. Most of these effects were rooted in the challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adaptation of TDS to the digital era, including distance and online learning. While the European and Western Asian countries have been at the forefront of TDS integration, the paper advocates for broader global adoption of this theory to enrich mathematics education worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptualized in France during the sixties, the Theory of Didactical Situations [TDS] is a pivotal framework for developing mathematics teaching and learning processes. Despite the increasing qualitative studies over the last ten years, there remains a dearth of analysis of its effects on mathematics education. Through a Grounded Formal Theory approach, this paper presents the metasynthesis of 28 studies screened from four research databases— ProQuest, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and JSTOR. Data extraction was performed to enumerate the author/s, country, publication year, and connected theoretical approaches with TDS. Subsequently, the studies were categorized into three axial codes based on the studies’ goals of applying TDS: lesson sequence, teacher development, and learning innovations. The synthesis underscores TDS’ capacity to improve the sequence of mathematics lessons, particularly geometry and number patterns; develop teachers’ pedagogical practices in teaching elementary, high school, and college students; and be a practical tool in innovating didactical resources for learning mathematics. TDS was also associated with other theoretical approaches, such as constructivism, realistic mathematics education, gamification, and technology-based instruction. Most of these effects were rooted in the challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and the adaptation of TDS to the digital era, including distance and online learning. While the European and Western Asian countries have been at the forefront of TDS integration, the paper advocates for broader global adoption of this theory to enrich mathematics education worldwide.

Background: Although numbers of youth with disabilities (YWD) are increasing, this population continues to be poorly represented in psychological and developmental research. There is a demonstrated need to better understand identity development in YWD. Objective: The purpose of this review was to determine the applicability of a contemporary developmental model, positive youth development (PYD), for YWD. PYD describes six "Cs" that contribute to thriving in youth: competence, confidence, connection, character, caring/compassion, and contribution. We explored which "Cs" contribute to identity development in YWD, what appears to be unique, and how PYD could be adapted to better include this population. Method: Through a qualitative metasynthesis, we explored how PYD emerged across the qualitative literature from psychology and related fields for YWD. We coded 18 qualitative articles according to the original definitions of the "Cs" of PYD and tracked emerging constructs across included studies. Results: Findings reveal evidence for four out of six of the original "Cs" in YWD. Two emerging "Cs," coping and constraints, may be unique to this population. Conclusions: PYD may be applicable for YWD, but an expanded version may be more relevant to this group. The addition of newly defined "Cs" could contribute to a better understanding of positive development in YWD and other marginalized populations. Impact and Implications: This study evaluates existing literature on identity in youth with disabilities in a new way by evaluating an existing framework for development in youth, positive youth development (PYD), applied to a new population. Results suggest that in order for PYD to be relevant to "all youth," adaptation is needed based on identified emerging constructs, "Coping" and "Constraints," which may be unique to youth with disabilities (YWD). Modifying PYD to be more inclusive of YWD could have wide-reaching impacts on the fields of education, healthcare, youth programming, rehabilitation psychology, and psychology as a whole. Findings point to areas for clinical intervention, including assisting YWD in developing more adaptive coping skills and strategies for self- and group-advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restorative justice (RJ) has been applied to intimate partner violence (IPV) cases, but some question whether RJ is appropriate for IPV. This review is the first to focus on qualitative research on how RJ is interpreted and used in IPV cases in the United States. Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that RJ is used with the criminal legal system (CLS), initiated by the victim, and is not community-oriented. Concerns for victims being harmed or retraumatized were not supported in RJ processes happening in relation to the CLS, with some providers highlighting the importance of facilitation training and techniques. Additional research is needed to explore RJ processes and their relationship to the CLS for IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explored how currently and/or formerly suicidal men perceived masculinities to contribute to, and/or protect against, their suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors and help-seeking. Nine databases were searched using predefined search terms (e.g., masculin*, man, men, boy, suicid*, qualitative), supplemented by searches of key journals, reference and citation lists, and Google Scholar. Twenty-five English-language articles containing qualitative data were obtained. Studies were conducted in Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Ireland, Norway, Pakistan, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. The articles were appraised for quality and thematically synthesized, resulting in three themes. The findings suggest multifaceted roles of masculinities in influencing suicidal ideation, intent, attempts, and help-seeking. Men linked failure to attain socially powerful positions of provision and status to experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Viewing suicide as courageous and decisive, thus adhering to masculine expectations, appeared contributory to suicidal behaviors. Men described potential protective factors against suicidal behaviors, including perceived masculine expectations to protect and provide for their families, a view of suicide as cowardly and therefore un-masculine, and drawing upon "positive" masculine norms to facilitate help-seeking for suicidal ideation and distress. There was, however, substantial evidence of men describing not seeking help for suicidal ideation and distress due to adhering to "traditional" masculine norms. Clinical implications and future research directions for incorporating masculinities into male suicide prevention theory and practice are discussed, emphasizing the importance of further research into the experiences of higher risk groups of men and of men with diverse and intersecting identities. Public Significance Statement: This review of 25 studies found that men who have experienced suicidal ideation, intent, plans, and/or attempts perceived masculinities to have both potentially detrimental and protective influences upon suicidal ideation, intent, behaviors, and help-seeking. The findings illuminate novel and less-explored aspects of masculinities in potentially influencing suicidal experiences and behaviors, suggest how masculinities might intersect with prominent theories of suicide, and provide directions for clinical practice and research. Limited within the current data and important for future research are detailed explorations of the experiences of men holding diverse identity characteristics, including men from unrepresented global regions and groups of men known to be at higher risk of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To synthesise qualitative research on individuals diagnosed with (or reportedly showing traits of) borderline pattern personality disorder who underwent dialectical behaviour therapy, aiming to comprehend their perceptions of change processes and the therapy's effects. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple online databases and grey literature sources. Papers were quality appraised using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. A metaethnographic approach was employed during the synthesis. Results: Eleven studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. The main themes identified through the synthesis process were the impact of DBT, the supportive structure and the 1:1 therapy component. Conclusions: The synthesis uncovered the importance of various processes within DBT that patients perceived as active ingredients for their change. Many of these processes aligned with proposed theoretical processes of change and quantitative research on DBT's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The organization of the Norwegian health service, with a division between specialist and primary health services, largely requires collaboration and integration across the sectors. Physiotherapists' practical approach can create challenges for collaboration across organizational boundaries with different contextual and cultural frameworks. The purpose of this study is to investigate physiotherapists' intraprofessional collaboration across health care sectors. Methods: We carried out a qualitative meta-synthesis based on searches in Oria, Google scholar, NORA, and PubMed. Through a systematic screening of qualitative primary studies, 6 studies were identified as relevant for our research question. We used metaethnographic analysis to synthesize data. Results: The studies showed that physiotherapists largely expressed a need for relational interaction that enabled practical approaches and clinical discussions. Guidance and supervision were identified as main forms of collaboration in the literature, where physiotherapists in the specialist health service are expected to support physiotherapists in the primary health service. This was identified as creating an asymmetric relationship between physiotherapists, potentially creating challenges for collaboration. However, our results show that communication and relational skills could help to compensate for the asymmetric relations. Conclusion: As a supplement to political guidelines that primarily highlight organizational strategies to meet collaborative challenges, this study shows that physiotherapists' relational competence is significant for cross-sectorial collaboration. The asymmetric relationship that is experienced in cross-sectoral interaction between physiotherapists can be adjusted for through structural frameworks in combination with relational skills, thus should be given increased attention.

Psychosocial well-being is key to living well after stroke, but often significantly affected by stroke. Existing understandings consider well-being comes from positive mood, social relationships, self-identity and engagement in meaningful activities. However, these understandings are socioculturally located and not necessarily universally applicable. This qualitative metasynthesis examined how people experience well-being after a stroke in Aotearoa New Zealand. This metasynthesis was underpinned by He Awa Whiria (Braided Rivers), a model which prompts researchers to uniquely engage with Māori and non-Māori knowledges. A systematic search identified 18 articles exploring experiences of people with stroke in Aotearoa. Articles were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. We constructed three themes which reflect experiences of well-being: connection within a constellation of relationships, being grounded in one's enduring and evolving identities, and being at-home in the present whilst (re)visioning the future. Well-being is multi-faceted. In Aotearoa, it is inherently collective while also deeply personal. Well-being is collectively achieved through connections with self, others, community and culture, and embedded within personal and collective temporal worlds. These rich understandings of well-being can open up different considerations of how well-being is supported by and within stroke services. Psychosocial well-being is critical for people living with stroke. Well-being should be a priority in rehabilitation, however people with stroke indicate they do no consistently receive psychosocial support. It is clear that well-being has strong cultural elements, and understanding what supports well-being in individuals, whānau (those within wider networks who the person with stroke considers important), and wider cultural groups is important. Supporting whānau is crucial as whānau are core to well-being both during and beyond rehabilitation, and their own well-being is impacted by stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature documents the importance and difficulty of serving families under a family-centered approach in Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education (EI/ECSE). However, less is known about the collective systematic experiences of those families. Through a qualitative metasynthesis of 15 empirical studies, we unveiled how EI/ECSE systems reproduced and/or reduced inequitable practices and that the promise of a family-centered approach is not experienced by all families and children. At a macro-level, a series of structural (e.g., racism, ableism) and social (e.g., access to various capital) factors shaped access to and the quality of services. At a micro-level, a series of facilitators (e.g., parents as experts) and barriers (e.g., disrespectful interactions) shaped everyday access to services and opportunities for meaningful collaboration between parents and service providers. Current gaps in the literature, implications for policy and practice, and recommendations for future research are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the current rate of burnout and attrition among nurses and midwives globally, there is a need to understand the effectiveness of supportive strategies to help retain this workforce. Clinical supervision can help to ensure that nurses and midwives are supported and have the capacity to cope with their job demands. Yet there are no metasyntheses that provide a collective understanding of their experiences with clinical supervision. To synthesise the experiences of nurses and midwives who have accessed clinical supervision. A metasynthesis was conducted by systematically searching academic databases for relevant publications; assessing their quality using an established checklist; extracting and analysing qualitative content; and synthesising key findings about the experiences of nurses and midwives regarding clinical supervision. Themes and subthemes were identified from 12 papers, including: optimal logistics; support; safety and confidentiality; improving practice through reflection; and trust in the group. For clinicians to feel comfortable discussing their practice and workplace with the facilitator and colleagues, nurses and midwives needed to feel safe during clinical supervision and trust the process and their peers. Despite common difficulties of finding time for the sessions, clinical supervision can enhance collaboration and communication in the workplace. Clinical supervision that adheres to group rules can provide professional support within a safe, confidential space. Having trust in peers and facilitators at the sessions can help staff develop confidence, provide personal development and professional sustenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Human movement is essential for health and well-being. Understanding human movement is pivotal in physiotherapy, but also an important element of physiotherapy education. This review identified, critically appraised, and synthesized the available evidence on learning and teaching human movement in physiotherapy as perceived by students, therapists, and instructors. Methods: The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, MEDIC and FINNA, were searched. The search was conducted in March/April 2020 and updated in March 2022. The systematic review followed the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence and was conducted in accordance with an a priori protocol. Results: The overall quality of the 17 included studies was scored low on ConQual but dependability and credibility were rated as moderate. Four synthesized findings aggregated from 17 categories and 147 findings described the perceived significance of 1) being present in movement, 2) movement quality, 3) movement transfer, and 4) contextual factors for the learning or teaching of human movement in physiotherapy. Conclusion: The synthesized findings indicate that the perceived significance of contextual factors, movement quality and transfer, and being present in movement should be considered in all learning and teaching of movement in physiotherapy. However, the evidence of the review findings was evaluated as low-level, which should be considered when applying these results to physiotherapy education or practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Studies have established the central role of the family in the recognition, treatment, and recovery of anorexia nervosa. The objective of this study was to review, synthesize, and critically appraise the literature on parents’ views on the treatment and recovery process of anorexia nervosa in their adolescent child. Method A systematic search of Medline, PsychINFO, CINHAL, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and SSCI was conducted for qualitative studies published regarding parents’ views about the treatment of anorexia nervosa. The quality of articles was assessed using the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) and findings were analysed using thematic synthesis. Results A total of 25 studies from nine countries reporting the views of 357 parents met the inclusion criteria. Four major themes were developed from the analysis: understanding the child and the disease, experience of services and treatment modalities, the role of professionals, and the experience of recovery. Conclusion Parents report struggles with delays in finding help, judgmental attitudes of professionals, and uncertainty about the future. Recognition of the challenges faced by parents and families empowers clinicians to build stronger therapeutic relationships essential for long-term recovery from anorexia nervosa.

Abstract Background Several educational activities in nursing schools worldwide have been implemented to promote transcultural nursing and cultural competence. Despite the diversity of their experiences and outcomes, the available evidence has not been systematically reviewed and reinterpreted. This study aimed to review and reinterpret all rigorous qualitative evidence available, providing an opportunity to understand how students learn transcultural nursing and assisting faculties, researchers, managers, and practitioners in designing new interventions to improve transcultural training. Methods A meta-synthesis was conducted to review and integrate qualitative studies of these phenomena. English, Spanish and Portuguese articles were searched in Pubmed and Scopus databases. Only peer-reviewed journals in which qualitative approaches were used were included. Quality was assessed using the CASP qualitative version checklist. The metasynthesis technique proposed by Noblit and Hare was used to analyse the data. Results Twenty-nine studies were included in the analysis. Most studies used phenomenological approaches that were conducted in Australia and the United States of America, with international internships being the most popular learning method. The data revealed one central theme, “From learning opportunity to conscious multidimensional change,” and six subthemes. The transcultural nursing learning experience is not a simple or linear process. Instead, it appears to be a complex process formed by the interaction between a) self-awareness, b) reflective thinking, c) Cultural Encounters, d) cultural skills, e) Cultural Desire, and f) Cultural Knowledge. Conclusions Transcultural nursing learning is a multifaceted process that arises from specific learning opportunities. This process is still to evolving. Therefore, specific educational strategies should be implemented to encourage attitudinal change and promote reflective thinking.

Objective: In Hybrid warfare, logistics plays a fundamental and key role in improving combat readiness and the operational superiority of forces on the battlefield. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the effective factors on improving the logistical readiness of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in future combined wars.Methodology: Considering that the present research seeks to conceptualize and complete the theoretical foundations of the studied phenomenon, it is exploratory in terms of its purpose, and in terms of methodology, it is qualitative with meta-synthesis method. The statistical population of the research consists of valid qualitative studies published in the field of military logistics preparation from 2010 to 2022.Findings: Based on the data analysis, 5 components including mobilization of integrated resources, expertise in operational planning, stability of the supply chain, mental preparation and operational agility were extracted as effective factors in improving the logistics readiness of AJA in future combined wars.Originality: In combined wars, logistics readiness can be achieved through targeted planning of logistics resources and facilities and the creation of a combined logistics system based on the considerations and indicators of combined warfare, including the improvement of the mental readiness of human capital, integration, speed of action, flexibility and safety in operations. therefore, military logistics readiness requires a paradigm shift and a transition from the classic logistics command to mixed logistics

Transition from pediatric to adult care for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic illness affects the entire family. However, little research has compared AYA and parent experiences of transition. Using Sandelowski and Barroso’s method, the aim of this metasynthesis was to summarize findings of qualitative studies focusing on the transition experiences of AYAs and their parents across different chronic physical illnesses. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched followed by forward and backward citation searching. Two authors completed a two-step screening process. Quality was appraised using Guba’s criteria for qualitative rigor. Study characteristics and second order constructs were extracted by two authors and an iterative codebook guided coding and data synthesis. Of 1,644 records identified, 63 studies met inclusion criteria and reflect data from 1,106 AYAs and 397 parents across 18 diagnoses. Three themes were synthesized: transition is dynamic and experienced differently (differing perceptions of role change and growth during emerging adulthood), need for a supported and gradual transition (transition preparation and the factors which influence it) and liminal space (feeling stuck between pediatric and adult care). While AYAs and parents experience some aspects of transition differently, themes were similar across chronic illnesses which supports the development of disease agnostic transition preparation interventions. Transition preparation should support shifting family roles and responsibilities and offer interventions which align with AYA and family preferences.

Purpose Human movement is essential for health and well-being. Understanding human movement is pivotal in physiotherapy, but also an important element of physiotherapy education. This review identified, critically appraised, and synthesized the available evidence on learning and teaching human movement in physiotherapy as perceived by students, therapists, and instructors. Methods The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, MEDIC and FINNA, were searched. The search was conducted in March/April 2020 and updated in March 2022. The systematic review followed the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence and was conducted in accordance with an a priori protocol. Results The overall quality of the 17 included studies was scored low on ConQual but dependability and credibility were rated as moderate. Four synthesized findings aggregated from 17 categories and 147 findings described the perceived significance of 1) being present in movement, 2) movement quality, 3) movement transfer, and 4) contextual factors for the learning or teaching of human movement in physiotherapy. Conclusion The synthesized findings indicate that the perceived significance of contextual factors, movement quality and transfer, and being present in movement should be considered in all learning and teaching of movement in physiotherapy. However, the evidence of the review findings was evaluated as low-level, which should be considered when applying these results to physiotherapy education or practice.

Dietitians are included in eating disorder (ED) treatment teams for their expertise in nutrition. However, little is known about an individual's experience of dietetic intervention as part of their ED treatment and what they value as part of dietetic care. Therefore, the aim of this review was to synthesise the available qualitative literature to understand the role and value of a dietitian in ED treatment from the perspective of individuals with lived experience. Six databases and Google Scholar were searched and a thematic synthesis and meta-synthesis of fifteen studies were conducted. Four themes were constructed from the data: (1) "guidance and structure"—Provision of nutrition knowledge and skills; (2) "having all my bases covered"—Dietitians as part of a multidisciplinary team; (3) Challenges in nutritional treatment; and (4) "it was my treatment and my recovery"—Person-centred dietetic treatment. Across all identified themes was the cross-cutting theme of a shared treatment journey between the dietitian and the individual receiving treatment. These findings support dietitians having a role that is not limited only to the provision of nutrition treatment in ED care and illustrates the importance of dietitians engaging with clients by centring on the individual's needs and preferences. Further understanding helpful dietetic treatment components and identifying gaps in training is needed to develop these broader roles for dietetic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have established the central role of the family in the recognition, treatment, and recovery of anorexia nervosa. The objective of this study was to review, synthesize, and critically appraise the literature on parents' views on the treatment and recovery process of anorexia nervosa in their adolescent child. Method: A systematic search of Medline, PsychINFO, CINHAL, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and SSCI was conducted for qualitative studies published regarding parents' views about the treatment of anorexia nervosa. The quality of articles was assessed using the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) and findings were analysed using thematic synthesis. Results: A total of 25 studies from nine countries reporting the views of 357 parents met the inclusion criteria. Four major themes were developed from the analysis: understanding the child and the disease, experience of services and treatment modalities, the role of professionals, and the experience of recovery. Conclusion: Parents report struggles with delays in finding help, judgmental attitudes of professionals, and uncertainty about the future. Recognition of the challenges faced by parents and families empowers clinicians to build stronger therapeutic relationships essential for long-term recovery from anorexia nervosa. Plain English Summary: Interventions for adolescents with anorexia nervosa often focus on families. Although prior systematic reviews have incorporated adolescents' perspectives on their treatment for anorexia nervosa, none have previously reviewed parents' perspectives on their adolescents' treatment. We conducted a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative data capturing parents' perspectives of anorexia nervosa treatment in adolescents. Four themes emerged from the analysis: understanding the child and the disease, experience of services and treatment modalities, the role of professionals, and the experience of recovery. Parents report struggles with delays in finding help, judgmental attitudes of professionals, and uncertainty about the future. Recognition of the challenges faced by parents and families empowers clinicians to build stronger therapeutic relationships essential for long-term recovery from anorexia nervosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several educational activities in nursing schools worldwide have been implemented to promote transcultural nursing and cultural competence. Despite the diversity of their experiences and outcomes, the available evidence has not been systematically reviewed and reinterpreted. This study aimed to review and reinterpret all rigorous qualitative evidence available, providing an opportunity to understand how students learn transcultural nursing and assisting faculties, researchers, managers, and practitioners in designing new interventions to improve transcultural training. Methods: A meta-synthesis was conducted to review and integrate qualitative studies of these phenomena. English, Spanish and Portuguese articles were searched in Pubmed and Scopus databases. Only peer-reviewed journals in which qualitative approaches were used were included. Quality was assessed using the CASP qualitative version checklist. The metasynthesis technique proposed by Noblit and Hare was used to analyse the data. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included in the analysis. Most studies used phenomenological approaches that were conducted in Australia and the United States of America, with international internships being the most popular learning method. The data revealed one central theme, "From learning opportunity to conscious multidimensional change," and six subthemes. The transcultural nursing learning experience is not a simple or linear process. Instead, it appears to be a complex process formed by the interaction between a) self-awareness, b) reflective thinking, c) Cultural Encounters, d) cultural skills, e) Cultural Desire, and f) Cultural Knowledge. Conclusions: Transcultural nursing learning is a multifaceted process that arises from specific learning opportunities. This process is still to evolving. Therefore, specific educational strategies should be implemented to encourage attitudinal change and promote reflective thinking. Highlights: What is already known: Transcultural care promotes satisfaction among diverse populations. Cultural competence promotes an inclusive environment and mutual benefit. Cultural competence reduces biased decision making and promotes cultural awareness. What this paper adds: Transcultural learning in nursing is a complex learning process. Transcultural nursing learning is multifactorial and has an impact on students' personal and professional lives. Transcultural nursing learning experiences involve self-awareness, reflective thinking, cultural encounters, cultural skills, cultural desires and cultural knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men represent 1% of all breast cancer (BC) diagnoses, which means that most treatments and services offered in oncology have been based on women's (biological sex) experiences. However, a comprehensive framework of how breast cancer is experienced by men is lacking. This systematic review and metasynthesis aims to synthesize studies documenting men's breast cancer narratives into an empirically based explanatory framework, as well as to compare experiences across the two sexes. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology, six databases were searched to identify studies on men's breast cancer narratives. The narratives were synthesized and analyzed using an interpretative technique which allows elucidating more refined meanings, explanatory theories, and new concepts. Our final sample included 38 qualitative and mixed-method studies from North America, Europe, Israel, Australia, and New Zealand, comprising 586 participants. The narratives highlighted 14 themes: being identified as a mutation carrier, being in the health care system, bearing the burden of breast cancer, contested masculinity, existential ordeal, illness avoidance behaviors, lack of male breast cancer knowledge, receiving female-focused treatments and services, altered self-image, self in relation to others, source support, stigma of living with a "woman's disease," survivor identity, and symptom and illness appraisal. The proposed Trajectory of Male Breast Cancer framework provides an empirical basis to draw from for service provision and future oncology research (PROSPERO: CRD42022310411). Public Significance Statement: Smit et al.'s (2019) Trajectory of Breast Cancer (TBC) framework was developed to better understand the experience of women living with breast cancer through the trajectory, but male breast cancer has not been considered. The proposed Trajectory of Male Breast Cancer (TMBC) framework is adapted for men living with breast cancer and helps explain how men live with the disease from screening to survivorship. This new theoretical framework is an important step toward understanding men living with breast cancer and improving health and mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aims: Interaction and collaboration between researchers, patients/public, clinicians, managers and policy-makers are necessary to enhance the relevance and use of research, improve planning, and optimize healthcare delivery and outcomes. The Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network (IKTRN) published four casebooks from 2019 to 2021, describing varied approaches to research co-production. Our aim was to examine the case studies to extend existing theoretical and empirical perspectives about how co-production works. Methods: We used metasynthesis, a qualitative research design that includes seven iterative steps (clarify the purpose, delineate the case studies included, extract and code the data, derive themes from the coded data, determine the relationships of the themes to research co-production, synthesize the concepts, and build theory). Results: A total of 35 cases was reviewed. The aggregate findings of this metasynthesis identified multiple contextual and process factors, barriers, and facilitators that influence integrated knowledge translation (IKT), and a range of IKT activities that increased the likelihood of success of co-production during research. In comparing the findings from the metasynthesis with existing literature, we found a number of consistencies, but also new information about barriers, facilitators, IKT activities and outcomes, thereby adding to our understanding about factors that influence co-production. Conclusions: This metasynthesis provided concrete examples to optimize co-produced clinical and health system research. More research is needed to fully understand how to overcome some challenging modifiable barriers, establish relationships, facilitate communication, overcome power differentials and create processes for knowledgeusers working across boundaries (clinical practice and research) to stay engaged and participate fully in research endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Narratives of negative patient experiences expressed in complaints can help health care professionals reflect on their practices. Aims: To synthesise evidence from qualitative primary studies on patients' negative experiences with different health care settings and to obtain a detailed picture of what patients find problematic while receiving health care. Design: Metasynthesis inspired by Sandelowski and Barroso. Methods: A protocol was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), PsycInfo (Ovid) and Scopus, on 20.04.2021. Backward and forward citations of included reports were searched for relevant studies and the search was completed in March 2022. Two researchers independently screened and appraised the included reports. A metasynthesis using reflexive thematic analysis and a metasummary were conducted. Results: Twenty‐four reports were included, and four main themes were extracted from the metasynthesis: (1) problems with access to health care services; (2) failure to acquire information about diagnosis, treatment and the expected patient role; (3) experiencing inappropriate care and bad treatment; (4) problems with trusting health care service providers. Conclusions: Negative patient experiences impact patients' physical and psychological health, leading to suffering and hampering patients from involving themselves in their health care. Relevance to clinical practice: Narratives of negative patient experiences aggregated from the findings provide knowledge about what patients need and expect from health care providers. These narratives can help health care professionals reflect on the way they interact with patients and improve their practice. Health care organisations need to prioritise patient participation. Reporting method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Patient or public contribution: Findings were presented and discussed in a meeting with a reference group representing patients, health care professionals and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aquatic food systems are important contributors to global food security to satisfy an intensifying demand for protein‐based diets, but global economic growth threatens marine systems. Cephalopod (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) fisheries can contribute to food security; however, their sustainable exploitation requires understanding connections between nature's contributions to people (NCP), food system policies and human wellbeing. Our global literature review methodology examined what is known about cephalopod food systems, value chains and supply chains, and associated market drivers. For analysis, we followed the IPBES conceptual framework to build a map of the links between cephalopod market drivers, NCP and good quality of life (GQL). Then we mapped cephalopod food system dynamics onto IPBES (in)direct drivers of change relating to catch, trade and consumption. This research contributes knowledge about key factors relating to cephalopods that can support transitions towards increased food security: the value of new aquatic food species; food safety and authenticity systems; place‐based innovations and empowerment of communities; and consumer behaviour, lifestyle and motivations for better health and environmental sustainability along the food value chain. We outline requirements for a sustainable, equitable cephalopod food system policy landscape that values nature's contributions to people, considers UN Sustainable Development Goals and emphasises the role of seven overlapping IPBES (in)direct drivers of change: Economic, Governance, Sociocultural and Socio‐psychological, Technological, Direct Exploitation, Natural Processes and Pollution. We present a novel market‐based adaptation of the IPBES conceptual framework—our ‘cephalopod food system framework’, to represent how the cephalopod food system functions and how it can inform processes to improve sustainability and equity of the cephalopod food system. This synthesised knowledge provides the basis for diagnosing opportunities (e.g. high demand for products) and constraints (e.g. lack of data about how supply chain drivers link to cephalopod NCP) to be considered regarding the role of cephalopods in transformations towards a resilient and more diversified seafood production system. This social–ecological systems approach could apply to other wild harvest commodities with implications for diverse marine species and ecosystems and can inform those working to deliver marine and terrestrial food security while preserving biodiversity. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Student involvement is integral to transition planning for students with learning disabilities (LD). However, only a small body of research has examined the perspectives of high school students with LD related to this process. We conducted a systematic literature review and subsequent metasynthesis of 14 studies that met criteria and quality indicators for qualitative research in special education. Using a collaborative coding process, we identified five themes: (1) differences in support from professionals, family, and peers for transition, (2) perspectives on transition planning vision, meetings, and documents (3) evaluation of transition activities related to academics and graduation, career, and college, (4) self-determination examples, barriers, and facilitators, and (5) awareness of influence that gender, race, and/or culture have on transition. We discuss implications for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasynthesis is an approach to synthesizing primary qualitative research, and may take either an aggregative or an interpretive approach. In either case, the resulting synthesis inevitably occurs at a remove from both the empirical and the theoretical contexts of the original research. We argue that seeking to retain these contexts in the synthesis poses specific challenges. Thus, the empirical context of an original study and the individuality of participants' first-order accounts will be incompletely and selectively represented in a published study, and will be further out of reach at the level of synthesis. Syntheses should therefore be faithful to, but not seek to reproduce, the empirical context of the primary studies. As regards theoretical context, accommodating the concepts and the broader theoretical frameworks of primary studies may require potentially divergent philosophical assumptions to be reconciled with each other and with the theoretical standpoint of the synthesist. Selecting studies where these assumptions are compatible, at the level of both theory and methodology, may lessen this challenge. Some metasyntheses seek to integrate not just concepts but also theories (metatheorizing), but here the challenges of philosophical and theoretical compatibility are more acute, and the means of achieving such integration appear to be underdeveloped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a gendered phenomenon, where male deaths outnumber those of women virtually everywhere in the world. Quantitative work has dominated suicide research producing important insights but only a limited understanding of why more men die by suicide. We conducted a qualitative metasynthesis and systematic review of 20 years of narratives both from men who are suicidal and from people who are bereaved by male suicide to identify putative risk and recovery factors. We identified 78 studies that encapsulated insights from over 1,695 people. Using Thomas and Harden's Thematic Synthesis Method, our analysis is built on 1,333 basic codes, 24 descriptive themes, and four analytical themes. We noted an association between cultural norms of masculinity and suicide risk in 96% of studies. Norms relating to male emotional suppression, failing to meet standards of male success, and the devaluing of men's interpersonal needs appeared to be associated with dysregulated psychological pain and suicide risk. Although masculinity is not pathological, we speculate that the interaction and accumulation of cultural harms to men's emotions, self, and interpersonal connections may potentially distinguish men who are suicidal from men who are not. Supporting men to understand and regulate emotions and suicidal pain, expanding possibilities for masculine identity, and building meaningful interpersonal connections were reported as helping support recovery from suicidal crises. Though our sample was predominantly White, cisgendered, and English speaking, and the underlying research designs prevent strong causal inferences, we discuss possible implications of these findings for male suicide intervention and suggestions for future research. Public Significance Statement: This systematic review synthesizes the worldwide English language qualitative research literature on suicide risk and recovery factors in men. Findings suggest a novel framework for understanding the key dynamics involved in suicide risk and recovery, based on the reciprocal relationship between masculine norms, emotions, self-concept, interpersonal connections, and psychological pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Undergraduate education and training are fundamental in preparing student nurses for working in palliative and end-of-life care. Aim: This article explores the experiences of student nurses in their palliative and end-of-life undergraduate nurse education. Methodology: Sandelowski and Barroso's (2007) framework for undertaking a metasynthesis was used. Initial database searches returned 60 articles of interest. Re-reading the articles in the context of the research question identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Four key themes emerged. Findings: Student nurses voiced concerns regarding their feelings of unpreparedness, and lack of confidence and knowledge when dealing with the complexities of palliative and end-of-life care. Student nurses called for more training and education in palliative and end-of-life care. Conclusion: Flexible nursing curricula responsive to the needs of student nurses and the changing landscape of healthcare provision, including care to ensure a good death experience, should be prioritised at undergraduate level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper identifies and compares models of inter-organizational relationship development that have evolved in qualitative studies and then proposes an original, situational framework for the evolution of inter-organizational relationships over time. Methodologically, this paper follows a systematic approach and uses metasynthesis of prior qualitative research as a reviewing technique. The analysis of prior qualitative investigations reveals the lack of consistency among authors referring to the number and specificity of phases, with no agreement about the trajectory of relationship development (its linearity, looping of phases, dynamics, start and end points). As its main theoretical contribution, this paper offers a multipath framework covering four phases of relationship development: (1) initiation and initial development, (2) development, (3) maintenance, and (4) dissolution, with three possible subphases to each of them (active, passive, and re-activated). From the managerial perspective, the developed framework may broaden managers' understanding and awareness of the different approaches to modeling the trajectory of the inter-organizational relationship life cycle and configuration of its particular phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic forced global changes to how nurses practice. Nurse practitioners adjusted their scope, changed how they delivered their service, and worked with limited resources. For some services, patient access was also compromised. Objectives: To synthesize, combine, and present current evidence on the experiences of nurse practitioners working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data sources: CINAHL, Embase, and MEDLINE electronic databases were used to perform a structured search strategy. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care services had to leverage their workforce skills to accelerate COVID-19 identification, treatment, and care. Nurse practitioners rapidly found themselves at the forefront and were concerned about infecting others. They also identified the need for support and were able to adapt to the changing environment. Nurse practitioners also recognized the impact on their well-being. Having insight into nurse practitioner's experiences during the pandemic is valuable for future health care workforce planning. Understanding how they coped will help with critical preparedness and response actions to other health care crises. Implications for practice: Having insight into nurse practitioner's experiences during the pandemic is valuable for future health care workforce planning because, as we know, the nurse practitioner workforce is one of the most rapidly growing professions in primary health care. Any future work in this space will help inform future nurse practitioner education and also help by informing critical preparedness and response actions to future health care crises, whether global or local or clinical or nonclinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a qualitative metasynthesis of research focused on prompts used to elicit noticing following video observations within mathematics education. Forty-nine, peer-reviewed articles were selected based on specific criteria and analyzed using a defined approach to better understand the variations in the prompts mathematics teacher educators used as they supported teacher noticing. We also focused on research findings from articles with different types of prompts. Forty-five percent of articles included a general prompt and 55% a specific prompt. Findings based on articles in which authors used specific prompts reported the following: (a) video is a helpful tool to support the learning of noticing, (b) noticing is a skill that can be developed, (c) noticing ability differs between novice and expert teachers. Findings from articles with general prompts indicate the following: (a) teachers experienced a shift in noticing, (b) how teachers' noticed changed, (c) video selection is critical for influencing teacher noticing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children, adolescents, and young adults living with sickle cell disease (SCD) often experience an unpredictable and complex disease course. Although there is a growing literature on the lived experience of patients with SCD, qualitative syntheses are lacking. Therefore, a qualitative metasynthesis was conducted to inform care and potential interventions. Noblit and Hare's phases of metaethnographic research were used to guide the synthesis of qualitative data. Data extracted from the identified studies were directly compared through reciprocal translation. The 12 studies that met inclusion criteria for the meta‐synthesis included 177 participants ranging in age from 6 to 35 years old from six different countries. The authors identified three key metaphors: Ubiquitous Intrusion, Coping to Learn: Learning to Cope, and Part of the Whole. The metaphors were elucidated by three essential concepts that underlie the experience of children, adolescents, and young adults living with SCD: (1) recognition of SCD implications, (2) identifying ways to balance responsibilities, and (3) positioning oneself to thrive with SCD. The metaphors and essential concepts support the global theme of "Growing Beyond SCD." The metasynthesis revealed the shared complexity of living with SCD among children, adolescents, and young adults from diverse cultures in which the yearning for a normal life drove learning to adapt and manage SCD with their support network. The key metaphors may be used to guide development of nursing interventions designed to promote self‐acceptance, coping, and adaptation skills among children, adolescents, and young adults that will help them to flourish while managing SCD as a chronic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain English Summary Men are underrepresented in eating disorder (ED) services; are less likely to notice symptoms of an ED, and have this identified by professionals. To date, there has been limited research into the male experience of ED’s and this appears to be related to a difficulty with getting men involved in studies, as well as the lack of men in services. This review synthesised the existing literature, and four themes were generated: ‘Societal Construction of the Perfect Male’; ‘Striving to Maintain a Masculine Identity’; ‘The Interconnectedness of Control and Self-Worth’, and ‘The Hidden Man’. The results highlighted that the male experience is complex and influenced by societal assumptions and gender norms. EDs are predominately seen as a ‘women’s illness’, which affected the male experience in many ways but most importantly it prevented help seeking and recognition of eating disorders in men, arguably impacting their access to treatment. It is important to change the expectations we place upon men; enabling them to ask for help when needed in ways we allow women. Addressing societal pressures, combined with targeted training to improve understanding at the first point of seeking help, ensuring appropriate recognition of an ED and timely intervention for men.

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A theory-generating qualitative metasynthesis was used to explore the questions: (a) How do mothers of low socioeconomic status in the United States express their attitudes and beliefs on breastfeeding? (b) How do mothers of low socioeconomic status in the United States describe the types of support received related to breastfeeding? Databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2022. Eleven qualitative studies were evaluated, and six themes were identified. A model was developed illustrating how the themes impact a mother's decision to breastfeed. Positive factors included shared narratives, knowledge of breastfeeding physiology, and social network. However, more negative influences were heard such as opinions passed on from family and friends, lack of teaching and anticipatory guidance, limited support and follow up, and the perception of conflicting messages from health care professionals. This model identifies constructs that can be used as starting points for interventions, policy development and/or health promotion education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing expectation of physiotherapists to adopt a person-centred approach to their practice. Person-centredness for musculoskeletal physiotherapy, however, remains an under-researched area. A synthesis of the findings from qualitative studies exploring perceptions of person-centredness in musculoskeletal physiotherapy was conducted to inform future clinical practice. ENTREQ and PRISMA guidelines were used to develop a protocol for a qualitative systematic review registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020170762). Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant primary studies. Studies were assessed for quality and data extracted. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis. A total of 3250 studies were identified and screened. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four main themes emerged from the data: treating each patient as a unique person, the importance of communication for achieving a therapeutic alliance, necessary physiotherapist traits for person-centredness, and supporting patient empowerment. Empowerment of patients in musculoskeletal physiotherapy contexts might be improved through a more narrative approach to assessment, with clinical bravery recognised as a specific person-centred physiotherapy trait able to facilitate this. Physiotherapists should also consider the meaningfulness of any treatment activities they provide to maximise the person-centredness of their approach. Empowerment of patients in musculoskeletal physiotherapy contexts might be improved through a more narrative approach to assessment. Clinical bravery is a person-centred physiotherapy trait that facilitates certain conversational freedom to elicit the true patient narrative. Person-centred physiotherapists should reflect on how meaningful their treatment activities are for individual MSK outpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across research, policy, and practice, the experiences, knowledge, and collective experiences of Families of Color have been routinely erased, disregarded, and ignored, despite their potential for engaging and motivating students, creating inclusive classrooms, and addressing educational inequities. In this metasynthesis, we explicitly focus on what can be learned from Scholars of Color who have strong affinities to research communities and study the language and literacy practices of families. We attend to research findings that are relevant to children and families. We focus on four particularly salient sets of findings related to: 1. Family strengths and resources; 2. In‐betweenness, 3. Past, present, future and intergenerational connections; and 4. Advocacy and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of women in low and middle-income countries following perinatal death remains difficult and challenging, thereby increasing their susceptibility to negative psychological impact particularly with insufficient bereavement care and support. Perinatal death invariably brings intense grief which significantly impacts women, and requires adequate bereavement care to limit negative outcomes in the short and long-term. To develop deeper understanding of women's experience of care and support following perinatal death in high burden settings. Six electronic databases were searched with relevant terms established using the SPIDER tool, supplemented by hand search of reference lists. Studies were independently screened for inclusion by all authors. Meta-ethnography (Noblit and Hare,1988) was used to synthesise existing qualitative studies. Eight studies conducted in Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries namely South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Kenya, India and Malawi were included, and three main themes were identified; mothers' reaction to their baby's death, care and support after perinatal death, and coping strategies in the absence of care and support. Perinatal death was not appropriately acknowledged therefore care and support was inadequate and, in some cases, non-existent. Consequently, mothers resorted to adopting coping strategies as they were unable to express their grief. There is insufficient care and support for women following perinatal death in high burden settings. Further research is required into the care and support being given by healthcare professionals and families in high burden settings, thereby ultimately aiding the development of guidance on perinatal bereavement care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analyses and metasyntheses perform a crucial role in advancing a field of study by highlighting themes and patterns that emerge from a large body of research, yet they remain utilized research methods in the psychology of men and masculinities. Therefore, in this special issue on research syntheses in the psychology of men and masculinities, we showcase three metasynthetic studies and four meta-analytic studies that address men's victimization experiences with sexual violence, experience of breast cancer, and male friendships; the links between paternal and child anxiety and depression symptoms; and the connections between masculinities and violence, sexism, and muscularity concerns. We provide guidance on best practices in conducting research syntheses, summarize key findings from the studies in this special issue, and identify future directions for meta-analytic and metasynthetic research in the psychology of men and masculinities. Public Significance Statement: Meta-analyses and metasyntheses are useful research methods for summarizing themes and patterns in the psychology of men and masculinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rate of infertility is increasing day by day. According to studies conducted worldwide, 30 million men are diagnosed with infertility. Cases of infertility are often associated with a failure to become male in society. Procreation and gender roles are often closely linked so that infertile men are often considered the second sex. Sometimes, this condition makes men question their masculinity. Methods: We performed a systematic review and metasynthesis with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline procedure on qualitative studies on ten databases exploring the experience of infertile men and their association with masculinity. Results: Twenty-four studies matched our question, and there are two major themes with eight subthemes that were obtained from the results of the metasynthesis of these studies. The impact of this gender issue is huge on men’s health and their social interactions. As a result, gender issues provide a space for debate and a burden on men. Sometimes, men develop mental health problems. The topic of masculinity and infertility is at odds with feminism and is susceptible to the societal stigma that results from the hegemonic conception of masculinity. Interestingly, the men must accept reality and follow the treatment process for infertility, although it affects their psychological well-being. Conclusions: These findings provide insight for physicians, as treating infertility requires a multidisciplinary team that does not only address procreation issues. Social issues related to gender roles often bring patients into harmful and dangerous conditions. To address the gender issue in men globally in several dimensions, however, a large study in various populations is still required.

Background: Amid all public health measures to contain COVID-19, the most challenging has been how to break the transmission chain. This has been even more challenging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A public health emergency warrants a public health perspective, which comes down to prevention. Rapid mass testing has been advocated throughout the pandemic as a way to promptly deal with asymptomatic infections, but its usefulness in LMICs is yet to be fully understood. Objective: The study objectives of this paper are to (1) investigate the impact of the different rapid mass testing options for SARS-CoV-2 that have been delivered at point of care in LMICs and (2) evaluate the diagnostic safety (accuracy) of rapid mass testing for SARS-CoV-2 in LMICs. Methods: This review will systematically search records in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library, Global Index Medicus COVID-19 Register, and Scopus. Records will be managed using Mendeley reference manager and SWIFT-Review. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the RoB 2 assessment tool, while nonrandomized interventions will be assessed using the tool developed by the Evidence Project. A narrative approach will be used to synthesize data under the first objective, and either a meta-analysis or synthesis without meta-analysis for the second objective. Tables, figures, and textual descriptions will be used to present findings. The overall body of evidence for the first objective will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) approach, and for the second objective using GRADE. Results: The screening of records has been finalized. We hope to finalize the synthesis by the end of February 2023 and to prepare the manuscript for publication by April 2023. The study will be reported in accordance with standard guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. Review results will be disseminated through conferences and their peer-reviewed publication in a relevant journal. Conclusions: This review highlights the role of a preventive approach in infection control using rapid mass testing. It also flags the overriding need to involve users and providers in the evaluation of such tests in the settings for which they are intended. This will be the first review to the best of our knowledge to generate both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding rapid mass testing specific to LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

since the middle of the 19th century until now, there are have been many discussions around the principles of modern design, and many design history books have explained and developed these principles. But there are two problems in those works: first, there is no comprehensive consensus about these principles and the second problem is that the historiography and stylistics of modern design, influenced by the forms of creationism based on genius, illustrate an apparently coherent narrative of the principles of modern design which is completely authorcentered (by Author we mean all creators like artists and designers) and relies on the genius, author's intention, and the final meaning of the work. However, this form is rejected by various schools, nowadays. Considering these two issues, the question of the current research is "What are the modern design principles?" and " under the influence of what contextual factors these principles were formed?". To find the answer, the principles of the modern design have been categorized into seven items, using the metasynthesis method. In the next step, this research has dealt with the genealogy of the extracted principles (focal categories) by leaving aside the modern paradigm of creativity and modern theoretical horizons, relying on new findings of creativity. The genealogy of principles shows that modern principles and meta-narrations have not been created based on the author's intention but in a bilateral interaction between the formal language and the transformations and inconsistencies that occurred in the social and cultural field of the design. This formation is historical and has happened over a long period of time. These principles are not only related to the overall sociocultural context of design, but each of them somehow behaves like a context and a peripheral force for other principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Men are believed to be underrepresented in eating disorder services; there are many reasons presented to account for this such as a lack of recognition and detection. Due to the physical and psychological complexity of an eating disorder it is important to understand this underrepresentation. This qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to explore the literature relating to men's experiences of an eating disorder, in order to synthesise the findings and offer a more coherent understanding. Method: A systematic search of the literature was undertaken. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the findings resulting in 14 papers deemed suitable for inclusion. A Meta-Ethnographic approach to synthesising the data of the 89 participants was undertaken. Results: Four themes were identified: 'Societal Construction of the Perfect Male'; 'Striving to Maintain a Masculine Identity'; 'The Interconnectedness of Control and Self-Worth', and 'The Hidden Man'. There appeared to be an underlying concept relating to the conflict of being a man, with what is perceived to be a 'woman's illness' and how this challenged the men's experiences of masculinity. Conclusions: Being a man with an eating disorder conflicted with societal norms, exacerbating their experience of having an eating disorder.. To resolve this, gendered norms need to shift, at societal level as well as considering how best to improve understanding and recognition of men with an eating disorder at the first point of help seeking. Plain English Summary: Men are underrepresented in eating disorder (ED) services; are less likely to notice symptoms of an ED, and have this identified by professionals. To date, there has been limited research into the male experience of ED's and this appears to be related to a difficulty with getting men involved in studies, as well as the lack of men in services. This review synthesised the existing literature, and four themes were generated: 'Societal Construction of the Perfect Male'; 'Striving to Maintain a Masculine Identity'; 'The Interconnectedness of Control and Self-Worth', and 'The Hidden Man'. The results highlighted that the male experience is complex and influenced by societal assumptions and gender norms. EDs are predominately seen as a 'women's illness', which affected the male experience in many ways but most importantly it prevented help seeking and recognition of eating disorders in men, arguably impacting their access to treatment. It is important to change the expectations we place upon men; enabling them to ask for help when needed in ways we allow women. Addressing societal pressures, combined with targeted training to improve understanding at the first point of seeking help, ensuring appropriate recognition of an ED and timely intervention for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesise the qualitative literature to develop theory on heroism and paramedic practice.Hypothesis/research questionWhat does published literature tell us about heroism and paramedic practice?SettingParamedics and other healthcare workers (HCWs) faced an outpouring of public support for them early in the COVID-19 pandemic which brought into focus the relationship between them and society, where they are portrayed as heroes.ParticipantsWe conducted a metasynthesis using Evolved Grounded Theory and procedural guidelines of Noblit and Hare to guide analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines were also applied.Results151 papers were retrieved and eleven included in the final sample. Studies were moderate to very low quality, involving a wide range of methodologies and settings; none specifically explored heroism and paramedic practice. The following interrelated themes were constructed on heroism and paramedic practice: (a) Myth, Folk law, and storytelling in heroism and paramedic practice (b) The epic journey of heroism and paramedic practice (c) Heroes and Zeroes: The fluctuating Societal Value in heroism and paramedic practice (d) Politicisation, and objectification in Heroism and Paramedic practice.ConclusionParamedics have long been characterised as heroes, but this may not reflect their everyday experiences. Heroism in paramedic practice can provide scripts for prosocial action, inspiring others, and leading to more social heroic actions. Paramedics may however be ambivalent to such heroism narratives, due to politicisation, and objectification in the media and society. This metasynthesis is only one of many possible constructions of heroism and paramedic practice and is the first point in making sense of and developing theory on heroism and paramedic practice.Study registrationPROSPERO: CRD42021234851.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a critical role in stress response including neuropsychiatric disorders that are precipitated by stress, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). BDNF acts through its full length BDNF receptor, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), to trigger a pro-plasticity effect. In contrast, the truncated isoform of the BDNF receptor (TrkB.t1) triggers an anti-plasticity effect. In stress outcomes, BDNF acting in the hippocampus has a stress resilient effect, whereas BDNF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) promotes stress susceptibility. It is unknown if BDNF-TrkB acts on a specific NAc projection subtype or medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtype, in stress outcomes. To determine this, we performed chronic social or a vicarious witness defeat stress (CSDS or CWDS) in mice expressing TrkB.t1 in dopamine receptor 1 or 2 containing MSNs (D1- or D2-MSNs). Our results showed that TrkB.t1 overexpression in NAc D2-MSNs prevented the CSDS-induced social avoidance or other stress susceptible behaviors in male and female mice. Further, we showed that this overexpression in D2-MSNs blocked stress susceptible behavior induced by intra-NAc BDNF infusion. In contrast, our results demonstrate that overexpression of TrkB.t1 on NAc D1-MSNs facilitates the SDS susceptible behaviors. Our study provides enhanced understanding of NAc cell subtype roles of BDNF-TrkB signaling in stress outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les violences sexuelles sont un problème majeur de santé publique. Leur révélation à un professionnel de santé pourrait permettre de réduire leur impact dans la vie des victimes. L'objectif de cette métasynthèse, associant revue systématique et analyse des études qualitatives, était d'explorer la littérature qualitative concernant l'expérience de révélation des violences sexuelles subies dans l'enfance par les victimes auprès d'un professionnel de santé. Quatre bases de données et deux journaux ont été utilisées (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SSCI, Journal of Sexual Abuse et Child Abuse and Neglect) afin d'identifier les études portant sur la révélation de violences sexuelles aux professionnels de santé du point de vue des victimes et des professionnels de santé. La qualité méthodologique des articles a été évaluée par la « Critical Appraisal Skills Programme ». Une analyse thématique des données extraites a ensuite été réalisée. Vingt-six articles ont été inclus, couvrant les données de 673 participants (333 victimes adultes au moment de l'étude, 122 victimes mineures au moment de l'étude et 218 professionnels de santé). L'analyse thématique a produit trois thèmes : (1) révéler ou ne pas révéler à un professionnel de santé, (2) le récit de la révélation par les participants et (3) aspect positif et négatif de la révélation. Nos résultats montrent que les professionnels de santé et les victimes mineures ont un vécu plutôt négatif de l'expérience de révélation qui pourrait se potentialiser et entraver le processus de révélation, alors que certaines victimes adultes reconnaissent rétrospectivement l'importance et l'impact positif que la révélation a eu pour eux. Cette étude permet de dégager des perspectives de recherches dans le champ pédopsychiatrique ainsi que de formuler des propositions cliniques concrètes, en particulier l'implication de victimes adultes dans la sensibilisation et la formation des professionnels de santé concernés. Child sexual abuse is a major public health issue, and disclosure of such abuse to a healthcare professional could mitigate its impact on the survivor's life. Qualitative studies are relevant in this context, focusing as they do on the lived experience of the stakeholders, victims and professionals. We aimed to conduct a metasynthesis, i.e. a systematic review and analysis of qualitative studies, exploring the qualitative literature about the lived experience of child's sexual abuse disclosure. Four databases and two journals were screened (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SSCI, Journal of Sexual Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect) so as to identify studies concerning the lived experience of child sexual abuse disclosure from the point of view of survivors or healthcare professionals or both. We used the "Critical Appraisal Skills Program" to assess the methodological quality of each article and performed a thematic analysis of the data extracted to identify key themes and synthesize them. Twenty-six articles were included, covering data from 673 participants (333 survivors, adult at the time of the study; 122 survivors still minor at the time of the study and 218 health professionals). Data analysis produced three themes: (1) to reveal or not to reveal, (2) the narrative of the disclosure by the participants, (3) positive and negative outcomes of the disclosure. Our results show that, on the one hand, health professionals and minor survivors both have a negative experience of disclosure that could impede the process. On the other hand, some adult survivors underlined the importance and the positive impact of such disclosure to a healthcare professional. We identified a gap in the literature regarding disclosure of such abuse within child and adolescent psychiatry services and drew research perspectives. Concrete clinical implications can also be drawn from our results, especially the involvement of adult survivors within the training of concerned healthcare professionals so as to raise awareness among them and help them better cope with the disclosure process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]