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Many sustainable products require innovative design techniques but the same materials as regular products. In practice, whether pooling the material procurement orders via procurement sharing can be a strategic decision when an OEM produces both sustainable and regular products. In this paper, we formulate a multi-tier production system comprising of an OEM, a CM, and two material suppliers, and study two typical strategies: (1) procurement sharing, where the procurement functions of the sustainable and regular products are outsourced to the CM, and (2) independent procurement, where the OEM independently procures materials for the sustainable product. We solve the four-stage-four-player optimisation problem and find that the change of the market potential of the sustainable product heavily determines the OEM's overall procurement cost, and consequently the procurement sharing decisions. Under independent procurement, the wholesale prices of the sustainable and regular products show opposite characteristics when the market potential of the sustainable product varies, because the two suppliers have opposite pricing incentives. We derive three interactive effects that alter the OEM's procurement sharing incentives, which makes the OEM prefer independent procurement only when the market potential of the sustainable product is in a moderate range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enzyme market is growing constantly, and lipases, in their free and immobilized forms, constitute an important part of this market. This study aimed to analyze and discuss current market scenarios using data from the literature, focusing on lipases and the feasibility of their use in the immobilized form. It also compares the cost of biodiesel production using two commercial lipases: Eversa Transform 2.0 (free lipase) and Novozyme 435 (immobilized lipase). The results show that the European and North American enzyme markets are the most prominent worldwide, with Denmark and the USA as the major exporters and importers, respectively. Lipases can be used in a wide variety of fields, and immobilization brings many advantages to this enzyme class. Finally, we show the use of immobilized enzymes and lipases in biorefinery and food industries and carry out a comparative cost analysis to produce biodiesel using a free and immobilized lipase. We concluded that the enzyme market, in which lipases play an important role, is extensive, and that immobilized lipases seem to be excellent biocatalysts with feasible costs for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the presence of the three pesticides methomyl (MET), carbendazim (CBZ) and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPE), as well as the degradation product of CPE (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCP), in 44 honey samples from all 12 regions of Morocco. With a validated HPLC-UV method occurrence frequencies of 63.6% for MET, 54.5% for CBZ, 95.1% for CPE and 34.1% for TCP were obtained, even at concentrations higher than the maximum residue limits for MET, CPE and TCP. Based on the predominant pesticide, principal component analysis separated sampling regions into three groups. Risk assessment indicated that ingestion of these pesticides, alone or in combination, in honey did not pose a risk to consumers (HQ and HI < 1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the concentrations of mercury in fish samples available in the Algerian market and evaluate the potential health risks associated with their consumption. A total of 135 fish samples, representing the species Sardina pilchardus, Merluccius merluccius, Sparus aurata and Auxis rochie, were collected and analysed. Mercury levels were determined using thermal decomposition amalgamation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Health risks were evaluated by calculating hazard quotients. The overall mean concentration was 0.19 ± 0.11 mg/kg across all species. Individual species concentrations were recorded as 0.17 ± 0.08 mg/kg for Sardina pilchardus, 0.26 ± 0.19 mg/kg for Merluccius merluccius, 0.27 ± 0.18 mg/kg for Sparus aurata and 0.23 ± 0.13 mg/kg for Auxis rochei. Hazard quotients were below 1, indicating low health risk for fish consumers. Nevertheless, it is recommended to conduct periodic monitoring of heavy metal levels in fish, coupled with ongoing risk assessments, to ensure continued consumer protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids and their methylated derivatives have immense market potential in the food and biomedical industries due to their multiple beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The biological synthesis of flavonoids and their derivatives is often accomplished via the use of genetically modified microorganisms to ensure large-scale production. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand the properties of O-methyltransferases (OMTs) that mediate the methylation of flavonoids. However, the properties of these OMTs are governed by their: sources, substrate specificity, amino acid residues in the active sites, and the intricate mechanism. In order to obtain a clue for the selection of suitable OMTs for the biosynthesis of a target methylated flavonoid, we made a comprehensive review of the currently reported results, with a particular focus on their comparative regioselectivity for different flavonoid substrates. Additionally, the possible mechanisms for the diversity of this class of enzymes were explored using molecular simulation technology. Finally, major gaps in our understanding and areas for future studies were discussed. The findings of this study may be useful in selecting genes that encode OMTs and designing enzyme-based processes for synthesizing O-methylated flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nHIGHLIGHTSThe current impetus to develop bio-based polymers for greater sustainability and lower carbon footprint is necessitated due to the alarming depletion of fossil resources, concurrent global warming, and related environmental issues. This article reviews the development of polymeric blends based on bio-based polymers. The focus on bio-based polymers is due to their greater ‘Sustainability factor’ as they are derived from renewable resources. The article delves into the synthesis of both conventional and highly biodegradable bio-based polymers, each crafted from feedstocks derived from nature’s bounty. What sets this work apart is the exploration of blending existing bio-based polymers, culminating in the birth of entirely new materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the development of bio-based polymeric blends, covering their synthesis, properties, applications, and potential contributions to a more sustainable future. Despite their potential benefits, bio-based materials face obstacles such as miscibility, processability issues and disparities in physical properties compared to conventional counterparts. The paper also discusses significance of compatibilizers, additives and future directions for the further advancement of these bio-based blends. While bio-based polymer blends hold promise for environmentally benign applications, many are still in the research phase. Ongoing research and technological innovations are driving the evolution of these blends as viable alternatives, but continued efforts are needed to ensure their successful integration into mainstream industrial practices. Concerted efforts from both researchers and industry stakeholders are essential to realize the full potential of bio-based polymers and accelerate their adoption on a global scale.Sustainable versatility: Reduce fossil fuel dependency and decompose naturally.Challenges: Poor mechanical properties and scalability.Modification strategies: Blending improves properties for specific uses.Market potential: Good market potential, despite a commercialized gap.Research need: To address challenges and advance bio-based polymer technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionally, entry is thought to enhance welfare by enhancing competition and hence lowering prices and increasing the output. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, working with an n -firm Cournot oligopoly set up and using the trigger strategies, we show that entry may or may not impact welfare. However, entry has the potential to alter the market structure from collusion to Cournot competition, and when it does so, there is a discontinuous rise in welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusivity rights such as patents have gained special attention in the post-pandemic period. Patents are intended to be a tool to prevent potential market failure in intangible goods and encourage investment in innovation. At the same time, recently they have been accused of blocking access to COVID-19 vaccines and have even fuelled public debate on the introduction of various measures to limit the exclusivity rights arising from the grant of a patent. However, patents are not the only exclusivity available to (bio)pharmaceuticals. Regulatory exclusivities, though less well-known to broader society, are no less important than patents and no less relied on by the pharmaceutical industry. A fortiori, de lege lata regulatory exclusivities have no exceptions, which means they are more robust than patents and can potentially provide even stronger protection than that afforded by patents. This contribution provides a comparative view on patents and the less explored '8+2+1' regulatory exclusivities, outlining common and distinctive features and the interaction between the two regimes. Some preliminary reflections are made on potential legislative adjustments, without which the much-debated compulsory licensing may prove to be of little use. Finally, insights are provided into the European Commission's proposals of spring 2023 for general pharmaceutical legislation and compulsory licensing. Some preliminary insights into the proposed changes to the regulatory exclusivity system are also provided. Special attention is paid to the proposal aimed to reach compatibility between regulatory exclusivities and compulsory licensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising interest in the marketing potential of the metaverse and its influence on consumer behavior is undeniable. Experts in the field have identified gaps in understanding consumer behavior in the metaverse and have highlighted the need of further research in the domain. This study addresses this void by focusing on Gen Z and their interactions within the metaverse. Gathering qualitative data through semi‐structured interviews with 63 participants, the study employs a deductive thematic analysis, using the Engel‐Kollat‐Blackwell (EKB) model as its theoretical framework. The findings align with the stages of the EKB model– awareness, information search, engagement, and post‐engagement evaluation. We find that despite facing initial challenges, participants display eagerness to access the metaverse and actively seek engagement opportunities, even encouraging others to join. This research provides empirical insights into challenges and opportunities that exist for consumers and brands within the metaverse. Further, it also enhances our understanding of immersive time in the metaverse and elucidates consumer engagement with digital technologies. Finally, the study also offers practical implications for managers, tech developers, and policymakers looking to enhance consumer interest and involvement in the metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insurance industry contributes to the smooth running of the economy. Unfortunately, not every country develops insurance at a high level; that is, the level of insurance penetration is low. This is happening in Nigeria. Therefore, this study aims to establish the effect of competitive positioning on the market share of selected insurance companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopts a survey research design. A structured instrument was used for data collection using the modified six-point Likert-type scale. The questionnaire was divided into three sections (about respondents’ demographic factors, competitive positioning, and market share). The population was 2,183 management-level employees from the 20 selected insurance companies. The sample size of 507 was determined using stratified random sampling and proportionate method. Test-retest method was used to validate the instrument, while the reliability was determined through internal consistency method. The Cronbach Alpha coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.88. Response rate of 86.7% was achieved. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Findings reveal that competitive positioning components have a significant effect on market share (Adj.R2 = 0.194, F(5. 434) = 22.097, p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that if all the competitive positioning components were set to zero, the market share of selected insurance companies in Lagos State would be 6.537, which is a positive value. Thus, competitive positioning components significantly affect market share. As a result, this study found that insurers would benefit from increasing their focus on developing the strategic asset and research and development aspects of competitive positioning to expand their market share. Acknowledgments The researchers acknowledge the contributions of the anonymous reviewers for the useful comments in making the article better. We acknowledge the management of the University that made it mandatory for the supervisee to publish two articles from their thesis, one in the name of the supervisor as the lead author, while another in the name of the supervisee as the lead author. The research assistants are acknowledged for the cooperation during the field work and the management of the insurance companies engaged for the study. The inputs of the supervisors are greatly acknowledged.

The feasibility of enhancing oat cereal bars, widely recognized for their health benefits, was investigated by replacing up to 5% oats with whole seed, almond, or steam-cooked pinhão husk flour. Pinhão contributes with resistant starch, antioxidant compounds, and minerals. The control oat bar (30.5% of the mixture), without pinhão flours but containing brown sugar (25.5%), raisins (15.0%), glucose (15.0%), coconut oil (3.0%), gelatin (0.5%), and water (10.0%), provides 75.53 kcal, with 15.66% carbohydrates (on a dry basis), 2.88% insoluble fiber, 0.70% soluble fiber, 1.82% protein, 0.62% lipids, and 0.32% minerals. Bars replacing up to 5% of oats with almond, husk, or whole seed flour showed statistically similar compositions, except for lipids, few minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Concerning daily recommendations, a 22 g bar offers low energy (3.78%, Brasil, 1998) and proportionally high mineral content, including potassium (34.64%), zinc (81.58%), magnesium (108.55%), iron (421.18%), copper (192.98%), calcium (395.13%), and manganese (1,027.00%). Additionally, they exhibit a significant content of total phenolic compounds (8.66 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (24.43 mg Trolox/g). These innovative bars were well-received in sensory evaluations and demonstrated good commercial potential. Notably, a bar that replaced 5% oats with husk flour could be a viable option for microenterprises due to simplified technology, contributing to waste valorization and encouraging the preservation of the Araucaria Forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through five empirical accounts of critical teaching practices, this note addresses how we can teach and seeks to understand the strategies and approaches employed by marketing scholars to incorporate critical and moral reflection into the marketing curriculum, and be more critical and imaginative in reshaping marketing practices in the face of current challenges. The pedagogic examples offered acknowledge the powerful potential of the marketing classroom in developing critical and creative mindsets of future leaders and practitioners. These illustrations of the passion and creativity of marketing teachers can inspire colleagues to experiment with and develop their ideas in the classroom, and offer a model for sharing experiences that we hope may encourage more colleagues to do likewise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a two-echelon supply chain with partial cross ownership (PCO) comprising a supplier and a retailer. The retailer is endowed with superior information about uncertain market potential. The supplier must produce the product before the market potential is realized. We explore the retailer's strategy to share his private demand information with the supplier via cheap talk. We demonstrate that when the proportion of partial cross holding shares is moderate, the retailer can disclose private demand information truthfully. Without PCO, this informative equilibrium cannot be achieved regardless of the acquired signal. With PCO, the retailer wants to obtain a sufficient production quantity if the realized demand is high and fears the cost of unsold products if the realized demand is low. These two countervailing incentives can cause the retailer to share his information truthfully. We find that this truthful information sharing benefits both the retailer and the supplier. In addition, we discuss the case of endogenous wholesale price and indicate the conditions in which truthful information sharing can be achieved. Moreover, we find that when the market potential follows a general continuous distribution, the perfect informative equilibrium does not exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different configurations were tested for producing biogas from roadside grass. • Dry digestion succeeded at pilot and large scale, but the latter can be improved. • Digested fibers performed better than undigested fibers for biomaterial production. • Anaerobic digestion might be stopped midway for improved fiber recovery. • Market potential of roadside grass for biomaterials production was significant. Roadside grass clippings hold potential as a sustainable source of bioenergy as they do not compete with crops for land use, and are only partially utilized for low-value applications. In this study, we proposed using roadside grass as a sole feedstock for anaerobic digestion (AD) in three different settings, and assessed the potential of producing biomaterials and fertilizers from grass-based digestate. Wet continuous digestion at pilot scale and dry batch digestion at pilot and large scales resulted in biogas yields up to 700 Nm3.t−1 DOM with a methane content of 49–55 %. Despite promising results, wet AD had operational problems such as clogging and poor mixing; once upscaled, the dry digestion initially also presented an operational problem with acidification, which was overcome by the second trial. Digested grass fibers from the pilot dry AD were processed into biomaterials and performed similarly or better than the undigested fibers, while around 20 % performance reduction was observed when compared to reference wood fibers. A mass balance indicated reduced fiber recovery when higher biogas production was obtained. The liquid fraction from the pilot dry AD was characterized for its nutrient content and used as a biofertilizer in another study. In contrast, the leachate collected from the large-scale dry AD had a low nitrogen content and high chloride content that could hinder its further use. Finally, a regional market analysis was conducted showing that the biocomposites produced with the available grass fibers could substitute at least half of the current European market based on our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising candidate for treating metabolic disorder diseases and has been used in phase II clinical trials. Currently, metabolic diseases are prevalent worldwide, underscoring the significant market potential of FGF21. Therefore, the production of FGF21 must be effectively improved to meet market demand. Results: Herein, to investigate the impact of vectors and host cells on FGF21 expression, we successfully engineered strains that exhibit a high yield of FGF21. Surprisingly, the data revealed that vectors with various copy numbers significantly impact the expression of FGF21, and the results showed a 4.35-fold increase in expression levels. Furthermore, the performance of the double promoter and tandem gene expression construction design surpassed that of the conventional construction method, with a maximum difference of 2.67 times. Conclusion: By exploring engineered vectors and host cells, we successfully achieved high-yield production of the FGF21 strain. This breakthrough lays a solid foundation for the future industrialization of FGF21. Additionally, FGF21 can be easily, quickly and efficiently expressed, providing a better tool and platform for the research and application of more recombinant proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws from economic theory and the recent European Commission report on agricultural land market regulation to assess the suitability of selected regulatory policies for agricultural land markets in Ireland. Insights from policy in other EU Member States indicates that some flexibility is always required to permit the existence of temporary land leasing contracts. Farmland rental prices in Ireland have mainly followed the underlying returns to agriculture and been much less influenced by speculative bubbles relative to farmland sales markets. The land rental data for 2019 do not point to the need for maximum price regulation. The availability of reliable statistics is not a sufficient condition to prevent bubbles from emerging, but farmland markets need to be closely monitored with up-to-date official statistics informing potential market participants and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motorcycle backpackers is an emerging niche market segment that can be placed in the overlap of drive tourism and backpacking. Within this context, Research note identifies motorcycle backpackers as an important subculture situated within contemporary backpackers. A quick Internet search will show numerous tourism providers are marketing their products and services to motorcycle backpackers in various destinations (e.g. , , and ). However, there is a dearth of research undertaken about motorcycle backpackers, possibly due to the blurry line separating them from backpackers and/or motorcycle tourists. Consequently, statistics about this group of tourists are also rarely presented in research, making it difficult to estimate the full potential of the market size accurately. There is a need for research on motorcycle backpackers as they represent a unique subculture situated within contemporary backpackers. This paper calls for research to develop a nuanced understanding of this niche tourist segment, which has implications for tourism and leisure scholarship, and tourism businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global demand for protein is on an upward trajectory, and peanut protein powder has emerged as a significant player, owing to its affordability and high quality, with great future market potential. However, the industry currently lacks efficient methods for rapid quality testing. This research paper addressed this gap by introducing a portable device with employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to quickly assess the quality of peanut protein powder. The principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) methods were used to construct the model to further enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the device. The results demonstrated that the newly established NIR method with PLS and GRNN analysis simultaneously predicted the fat, protein, and moisture of peanut protein powder. The GRNN model showed better predictive performance than the PLS model, the correlation coefficient in calibration (Rcal) of the fat, the protein, and the moisture of peanut protein powder were 0.995, 0.990, and 0.990, respectively, and the residual prediction deviation (RPD) were 10.82, 10.03, and 8.41, respectively. The findings unveiled that the portable NIR spectroscopic equipment combined with the GRNN method achieved rapid quantitative analysis of peanut protein powder. This advancement holds a significant application of this device for the industry, potentially revolutionizing quality testing procedures and ensuring the consistent delivery of high-quality products to fulfil consumer desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosumption is gaining momentum among the critical accounts of sustainable consumption that have thus far enriched the marketing discourse. Attention to prosumption is increasing whilst the degrowth movement is emerging to tackle the contradictions inherent in growth-driven, technology-fueled, and capitalist modes of sustainable production and consumption. In response to dominant critical voices that portray technology as counter to degrowth living, we propose an alternative symbiotic lens with which to reconsider the relations between technology, prosumption, and degrowth living, and assess how a degrowth transition in the context of food can be carried out at the intersection of human–nature–technology. We contribute to the critical debates on prosumption in marketing by analyzing the potentials and limits of technology-enabled food prosumption for a degrowth transition through the degrowth principles of conviviality and appropriateness. Finally, we consider the sociopolitical challenges involved in mobilizing such technologies to achieve symbiosis and propose a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wood as a high-value product does not stop there. Paper, furniture, carbon, and rubber are examples of other non-wood forestry products that we often encounter in everyday life but come from forests. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of the South Korean market for forestry products. In this study, we use qualitative methodology to understand and evaluate the opportunities and problems faced by Indonesian forestry products, as well as the global market potential for these products. The potential for Indonesian wood commodities and wood products to enter the South Korean market which has minimal domestic supply still has great potential. With abundant supply, offering quality, competitive prices and guaranteeing the required legal documents, it is believed that Indonesia has the opportunity to answer the needs of wood and wood products in the South Korean market in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is known as one of the world's spiceproducing countries. One of the spices produced by Indonesia is cinnamon, which has many benefits and a high economic price. However, the existence of various obstacles in exporting cinnamon makes Indonesia have to select cinnamon export markets in destination countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential development of Indonesia's cinnamon export markets. This research uses the analysis methods of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and X-model potential export product. The results of the study can be concluded that the destination countries of China and India are in the position of optimistic market. While the Netherlands and Thailand are in the position of potential market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the potential effects of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement on Vietnam's rice exports from 2000 to 2016. For this analysis, we employ the panel data augmented gravity model with some modifications. The estimated results suggest a positive relationship between Vietnam's per capita export and the capita real gross domestic product (GDP) of the importer, Vietnam's rice production, export price, and ASEAN dummy. We confirm that there is a negative relationship between Vietnam's per capita rice export value and import country agricultural land and import tariffs. Additionally, this paper forecasts Vietnam's rice export value per capita at each market in RCEP partners by using the autoregressive model. Our forecast results show that among RCEP members, Vietnam has potential markets if import tariff reductions are lowered in Singapore, Brunei, Korea, Japan, and Malaysia. To reap the benefits of rice exports' potential, Vietnam must move from low-grade and cheap rice to high-quality rice production instead of expanding rice production and exports with the following implications: changing its present rice trading partners to potential markets and adopting market-oriented policies to meet the international demand and to increase the export elasticity of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing literature emphasizes the significance of and needs for developing body temperature monitoring devices that can consistently and discreetly assess the temperatures of young children. Such products could offer a method to check children's body temperature and alleviate parents' concerns over fever. However, research gaps and challenges exist in preserving material flexibility, conducting tests in a controlled setting that mimics body temperature, and investigating consumer perceptions of this type of functional textile product. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate functional textiles using thermochromic yarns for young children's body temperature detection, particularly focusing on testing prototypes in a controlled environment and empirically investigating target consumers' perceptions of such products. Experimental prototype testing and a consumer survey were conducted in this study. The findings validate the practicality and market potential of such products. We also proposed alternative mediums for implementing the functional yarn and recommendations for developing these products based on target consumers' concerns and suggestions. This research helped identify potential economic development possibilities for functional textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation has played a fundamental role in the economic prosperity of firms and countries. Despite several studies on their effects on firms and markets, it is still necessary to assess how introducing technological innovation as innovative products, processes, and services will face extant market forces and transform them. This paper introduces a model for evaluating the potential economic effects of technological innovations based on three dimensions: technological paradigm, market value, and impact on extant industries. Based on the combination of these three dimensions, eight configurations of technological innovations are presented from an intertemporal perspective, considering their impact on the economy. This model has been validated by assessing several academic patents and helps evaluate the market potential of new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recently, there has been enthusiasm for the relatively new technology, the metaverse. One technology related to and important for the metaverse is the Avatar, which is the graphical representation of users. Avatar has been studied for many years and is beginning to be used as a marketing tool. Although we think that there are three streams of avatar marketing (i.e. Virtual Social and Game World (VSGW) Avatar Marketing; Model Avatar and Virtual Fitting Room Marketing (MAVFR) Marketing; Virtual Assistant Marketing), little research has summarized them. This absence of categorization of three types of avatar marketing results in a disorder of research findings and makes it difficult for researchers and marketers to conduct avatar marketing research and best practices. This paper aims to explore the potential, specific examples, and challenges of each of the three types of avatar marketing. Approach and Contributions: In this narrative review paper, the authors first explore the definition and brief history of each type of avatar marketing. Then, the authors explore the potential, specific examples, and challenges of each type of avatar marketing by reviewing and referencing research papers, websites, newspaper articles, and books. Related to this, this paper discusses the importance of understanding each kind of avatar marketing in the developed future virtual worlds. Originality: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review paper that covers three streams of avatar marketing that will inspire practitioners and researchers about the challenges and opportunities of the three types of avatar marketing with specific examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high market potential imposed by natural carotenoids has turned the scientific interest in search for new strains, capable of synthesizing a wide spectrum of these pigments. In this study, Rhodosporidium paludigenum NCYC 2663 and 2664 were investigated for carotenoids production and lipid accumulation utilizing different carbon sources (glucose, fructose, sucrose, mixture of glucose: galactose). Strain R. paludigenum 2663 produced the highest total carotenoids titer (2.21 mg/L) when cultivated on sucrose, together with 4 g/L lipids (30% w/w content) and 7 g/L exopolysaccharides. In the case of R. paludigenum 2664, glucose favored the production of 2.93 mg/L total carotenoids and 1.57 g/L lipids (31.8% w/w content). Analysis of the chemical profile during fermentation revealed that β-carotene was the prominent carotenoid. Strain 2663 co-produced γ-carotene, torulene and torularhodin in lower amounts, whereas 2664 synthesized almost exclusively β-carotene. The produced lipids from strain 2663 were rich in oleic acid, while the presence of linoleic acid was also detected in the lipoic fraction from strain 2664. The obtained carotenoid extracts exhibited antioxidant (IC 50 0.14 mg/mL) and high antimicrobial activity, against common bacterial and fungal pathogenic strains. The results of this study are promising for the utilization of biotechnologically produced carotenoids in food applications. • R. paludigenum 2663 produced 2.21 mg/L carotenoids grown on sucrose. • β-carotene was the prevalent carotenoid regardless the culture conditions. • R. paludigenum 2663 produced lipids rich in oleic acid. • The produced carotenoid extract presented an IC 50 equal to 0.14 mg/mL. • The carotenoid extract exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents an analytical analysis of the factors related to the preference for using electric vehicles, aimed at estimating their potential adoption in urban freight transport. We employed choice modeling to assess the trade-offs among various attributes associated with Electric Freight Vehicles (EFVs) and predicted the probabilities of EFV adoption within urban freight fleets. This estimation is based on an industry survey and real delivery data from a retail firm. Our findings indicate that electric vehicles could be utilized in approximately 32% of the deliveries for the case company. This, in turn, corresponds to a notable 26% reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from delivery operations. Furthermore, our model enabled us to expand the scope of our analysis to the city level, using Istanbul as a specific example. Our illustration demonstrates that, under the current circumstances, electric vehicles have the potential to account for roughly 25% of all deliveries in Istanbul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ananas comosus, commonly known as pineapple, is a fruit with a large potential market as a commodity and commercial fruit. Numerous pests and diseases affect pineapple, directly or indirectly, by lowering the quality and quantity. The fungal causative agents, namely Fusarium ananatum and Thalaromyces stolii (previously named Penicillium funiculosum), cause fruitlet core rot (FCR) and fusariosis by Fusarium guttiforme. Bacteria heart rot (BHR) is an infection by Erwinia chrysanthemi, newly known as Dickeya zeae. Nevertheless, the mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is another pineapple treat to susceptible pineapple varieties caused by pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs). Other diseases include destruction caused by pathogenic nematodes. This review discusses the status of these diseases and the control measures that greatly affect the economy of pineapple-producing countries due to the economic significance of these crops. Growers need up-to-date information on the identity of the diseases that affect pineapple crops in the various countries that produce them to effectively manage the diseases in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The increasing globalization and technological advancements have increased the information spillover on stock markets from various variables. However, there is a dearth of a comprehensive review of how stock market volatility is influenced by macro and firm-level factors. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing the major factors impacting stock market volatility. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a combination of bibliometric and systematic literature review techniques. A data set of 54 articles published in quality journals from the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) list is gathered from the Scopus database. This data set is used to determine the leading contributors and contributions. The content analysis of these articles sheds light on the factors influencing market volatility and the potential research directions in this subject area. Findings: The findings show that researchers in this sector are becoming more interested in studying the association of stock markets with "cryptocurrencies" and "bitcoin" during "COVID-19." The outcomes of this study indicate that most studies found oil prices, policy uncertainty and investor sentiments have a significant impact on market volatility. However, there were mixed results on the impact of institutional flows and algorithmic trading on stock volatility, and a consensus cannot be established. This study also identifies the gaps and paves the way for future research in this subject area. Originality/value: This paper fills the gap in the existing literature by comprehensively reviewing the articles on major factors impacting stock market volatility highlighting the theoretical relationship and empirical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the current situation in the energy sector in Poland, with particular emphasis on the role of renewable energy sources (RES), and to assess the impact of these investments on the future of the energy sector in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary research was conducted to characterize the energy market in Poland. Documents from four leading electric power producers in Poland were examined. Findings: Despite the fact that Polish energy sector still heavily relies on coal, the future of the Polish energy sector appears to be closely linked to the development of RES. Leading companies operating in the Polish energy sector have adopted strategies involving significant investments in RES. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on the power sector and does not take into account investments in RES made by households. Therefore, future research could focus on the energy transition of households in particular, identifying the determinants and constraints of this transition. Practical implications: This paper shows how legal regulations, including CO2 emission restrictions and international commitments, affect the current situation of the Polish energy market and shape its development. These regulations also point out the need to accelerate the country's energy transition in order to increase energy security through diversification of energy sources. Social implications: Large-scale investments in renewable energy sources will contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, thus, they will have positive effect on the environment. Originality/value: The issue of energy transition is addressed from both a practical and social point of view. The analysis conducted uses the most recent data, thereby providing up-to-date knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amplicon metagenomic approach based on the ITS2 region of fungal rDNA was used to investigate the diversity of fungi associated with mature strawberries collected from a volcanic orchard and open-air market stands. Based on the Kruskal–Wallis test, no statistically significant differences were observed in both non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic alpha diversity indices. According to beta diversity analyses, significant differences in fungal communities were found between groups (orchard vs. market). Taxonomic assignment of amplicon sequence variables (ASVs) revealed 7 phyla and 31 classes. The prevalent fungal phyla were Basidiomycota (29.59–84.58%), Ascomycota (15.33–70.40%), and Fungi-phy-Insertae-sedis (0.45–2.89%). The most predominant classes among the groups were Saccharomycetes in the market group, and Microbotryomycetes and Tremellomycetes in the orchard group. Based on the analysis of microbiome composition (ANCOM), we found that the most differentially fungal genera were Hanseniaspora, Kurtzmaniella, and Phyllozyma. Endophytic yeasts Curvibasidium cygneicollum were prevalent in both groups, while Candida railenensis was detected in fruits originating only from the market. In addition, Rhodotorula graminis (relative abundance varying from 1.7% to 21.18%) and Papiliotrema flavescens (relative abundance varying from 1.58% to 16.55%) were detected in all samples regardless of origin, while Debaryomyces prosopidis was detected in samples from the market only, their relative abundance varying with the sample (from 0.80% to 19.23%). Their role in fruit quality and safety has not been yet documented. Moreover, several clinically related yeasts, such as Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis, were detected in samples only from the market. Understanding the variety and makeup of the mycobiome in ripe fruits during the transition from the orchard to the market is crucial for fruit safety after harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the potential market for residential hydrogen systems in light of the trends towards digitalisation and environmental awareness. Based on a survey of 350 participants, the results indicate that although energy experts are sceptical about the benefits of residential hydrogen systems due to their high costs, households are highly interested in this technology. The sample shows a willingness to invest in hydrogen applications, with some households willing to pay an average of 24% more. An economic assessment compared the cost of a residential hydrogen system with conventional domestic energy systems, revealing significant additional costs for potential buyers interested in hydrogen applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore assembly and disassembly operations represent a multi-billion-dollar market potential. Collaborative lifting by multiple vessels has emerged as a new operating paradigm for integrated offshore facilities assembly and disassembly. Hence, this paper investigates the hydro-dynamic interaction of dual lifting vessels in collaborative lifting operations. The coupled motions during multi-body operations are simulated using the commercial software SESAM. The feasibility of the numerical model for coupled motions in collaborative lifting is verified by comparing the numerical results of topside motions, vessel motions, and vertical lifting arm loads against experimental measurements. The effects of wave heading and period on the hydrodynamic responses of the topside module, dual lifting vessels, and lifting arms during collaborative operations are studied. Their influence patterns and mechanisms are analysed in detail. The results show that transverse waves and head wave induce significant heave and pitch motions of the topside module and vessels, but the maximum vertical loads on the lifting arms occur in oblique waves. The motion responses of the topside module and vessels increase with longer wave periods under the oblique sea condition, and roll motions are more sensitive to large periods compared to the gradual rise in heave and pitch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable intensification (SI) responds to the concurrent challenges of increasing food production while reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture. As an early disclosure of innovation, patents are a useful indicator of technology market potential. However, we lack understanding of the extent to which current agricultural technology patents relate to the goals of SI and which kinds of technologies can potentially address SI. Here, we analyzed the diffusion and focus of more than one million patents issued during the period 1970–2022. We explored the degree to which the patents relate to SI through the co-occurrence of efficiency and environmental friendliness targets. Our results reveal that while the rate of patent issuance has dramatically increased over the past five decades, the rate at which patents diffused to different countries had decreased over time. The USA was the biggest net exporter of patents and had produced by far the most high-impact patents (in the top 1% most-cited patents). Since 1970, only 4% of agricultural patents and 6% of high-impact patents were related to SI targets (i.e., promoting both agricultural efficiency and environmental friendliness), but the attention to SI has increased over time. The most highly cited SI-related patents had become more diverse over time, shifting from digital, machine, and energy technologies in 1980s to the current era of agroecology, information, and computer networking. Our results provide an early indication of promising technologies that may play a greater role for SI in the future, subject to the challenges of market transfer and farm adoption and complemented by non-technological innovations in farm management and institutional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most tourism research examines peripheral areas as destinations that are often exploited by the dominant, urban core. Little, if any research has considered peripheral areas as potential source markets. Yet, in Australia, some 30% of the population live outside of major urban centres. This study determined that residents of regional centres and rural communities have as much interest in travel as their urban cousins, have similar attitudes to and motivations for travel and moreover travel at the same level of propensity and intensity. Differences are noted in destination choice, though, suggesting an opportunity exists to better market a wider variety of tourism products in peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a novel Discrete Event Simulation (DES) of the Lloyd’s of London specialty insurance market, exploring complex market dynamics that have not been previously studied quantitatively. The proof-of-concept model allows for the simulation of various scenarios that capture important market phenomena such as the underwriting cycle, the impact of risk syndication, and the importance of appropriate exposure management. Despite minimal calibration, our model has shown that it is a valuable tool for understanding and analysing the Lloyd’s of London specialty insurance market, particularly in terms of identifying areas for further investigation for regulators and participants of the market alike. The results generate the expected behaviours that, syndicates (insurers) are less likely to go insolvent if they adopt sophisticated exposure management practices, catastrophe events lead to more defined patterns of cyclicality and cause syndicates to substantially increase their premiums offered. Lastly, the syndication of risk via the lead and follow structure lead to less volatile and more coupled loss experiences among syndicates demonstrating that Lloyd’s of London’s regulatory market structure bolsters a healthier marketplace. Overall, this research offers a new perspective on the Lloyd’s of London market and demonstrates the potential of individual-based modelling (IBM) for understanding complex financial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a decision-support methodology to design and optimize modular Boost converters in the context of fuel-cell electric vehicles. It involves the utilization of interleaved techniques to reduce fuel-cell current ripple, enhance system efficiency, tackle issues related to weight and size concerns, and offer better flexibility and modularity within the converter. The methodology incorporates emerging technologies by wide-bandgap semiconductors, providing better efficiency and higher temperature tolerance. It employs a multiphysical approach, considering electrical, thermal, and efficiency constraints to achieve an optimal power architecture for FCHEVs. Results demonstrate the advantages of wide-bandgap semiconductor utilization in terms of volume reduction and efficiency enhancements for different power levels. Results from one of the considered power levels highlight the feasibility of certain architectures through the utilization of WBG devices. These architectures reveal improvements in both efficiency and volume reduction as a result of incorporating WBG devices. Additionally, the analysis presents a comparison of manufacturing cost between standard and wide-bandgap semiconductors to demonstrate the market penetration potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helvella leucopus, a wild mushroom species, is considered a valuable food by local residents. In the present work, the nutritional value of H. leucopus was evaluated against some commonly cultivated edible and medicinal fungi as controls. H. leucopus showed significantly higher crude protein content. The amino acid composition of H. leucopus met the FAO/WHO ideal protein standard, with the highest ratio of essential amino acid to total amino acid (EAA/TAA) reaching 58.27%. H. leucopus showed the highest correlation with Ganoderma lucidum. The contents of flavour amino acid (FAA) and medicinal amino acid (MAA) in H. leucopus were significantly higher than those in the controls, and a high ratio of branched-chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid (BCAA/AAA) was observed in H. leucopus. The EAA composition of H. leucopus was 54.74%, 1.56- and 1.10-fold higher than that of the FAO/WHO model and the egg model, respectively. On the basis of the amino acid score, nutrition index, and other indices, H. leucopus could be a good protein source rich in amino acids, particularly in EAA and MAA. Therefore, this mushroom species is worthy of further investigation and utilisation, with huge market potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, there is a growing fascination with China's consumer culture, specifically in relation to locally made beauty products. This trend underscores the significant market opportunities within this industry. This research aims to explore the complex interplay between brand image, consumer ethnocentrism, and national identity and their impact on consumer decision-making in the Chinese domestic beauty industry. Employing purposive sampling, the study collected data from 533 respondents who have experience in buying Chinese domestic beauty products. An online questionnaire was distributed through WeChat and QQ. Through the use of structural equation modelling, it has been found that brand image has a significant impact on consumer ethnocentrism and national identity, leading to changes in consumption patterns. Consumer ethnocentrism and national identity were found to play a role in linking brand image to consumer behaviour. This study emphasises the importance of combining brand strategies with socio-cultural trends to improve consumer engagement and loyalty in the Chinese marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The feasibility of enhancing oat cereal bars, widely recognized for their health benefits, was investigated by replacing up to 5% oats with whole seed, almond, or steam-cooked pinhão husk flour. Pinhão contributes with resistant starch, antioxidant compounds, and minerals. The control oat bar (30.5% of the mixture), without pinhão flours but containing brown sugar (25.5%), raisins (15.0%), glucose (15.0%), coconut oil (3.0%), gelatin (0.5%), and water (10.0%), provides 75.53 kcal, with 15.66% carbohydrates (on a dry basis), 2.88% insoluble fiber, 0.70% soluble fiber, 1.82% protein, 0.62% lipids, and 0.32% minerals. Bars replacing up to 5% of oats with almond, husk, or whole seed flour showed statistically similar compositions, except for lipids, few minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Concerning daily recommendations, a 22 g bar offers low energy (3.78%, Brasil, 1998) and proportionally high mineral content, including potassium (34.64%), zinc (81.58%), magnesium (108.55%), iron (421.18%), copper (192.98%), calcium (395.13%), and manganese (1,027.00%). Additionally, they exhibit a significant content of total phenolic compounds (8.66 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (24.43 mg Trolox/g). These innovative bars were well-received in sensory evaluations and demonstrated good commercial potential. Notably, a bar that replaced 5% oats with husk flour could be a viable option for microenterprises due to simplified technology, contributing to waste valorization and encouraging the preservation of the Araucaria Forest.

This study examines the potential economic and labour market impacts of a hypothetical but plausible migration scenario of 250,000 new migrants inspired by Austria's experience in 2015. Using the agent-based macroeconomic model developed by Poledna et al. (Eur Econ Rev, 151:104306, 2023. 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104306, the study explores the detailed labour market outcomes for different groups in Austria's population and the macroeconomic effects of the migration scenario. The analysis suggests that Austria's economy and labour market have the potential to be resilient to the simulated migration influx. The results indicate a positive impact on GDP due to increased aggregate consumption and investment. The labour market experiences an increase in the unemployment rates of natives and previous migrants. In some industries, the increase in the unemployment rates is more significant, potentially indicating competition among different groups of migrants. This research provides insights for policymakers and stakeholders in Austria and other countries that may face the challenge of managing large-scale migration in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to consider tools for the development of enterprises that are subjects of foreign economic activity (FEA). The consequences of the war against Ukraine create a compelling need for the development of the national Ukrainian economy. Analyzing the foreign experience of different countries in the post-war period indicates that export activities are one of the most reasonable vectors for such development, both at the level of individual enterprises and at the level of the national economy as a whole. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats have been identified for Ukrainian enterprises operating in the field of foreign economic activity. It is shown that the number of threats has increased compared to the pre-war period. Despite the significant number of threats and weaknesses, the analysis shows that Ukrainian enterprises have a "window of opportunities" that can be effectively used. Using dichotomous criteria for the possibility of entering foreign markets and the potential of the domestic market, a matrix of strategic choice has been developed. This matrix is intended for use at the level of individual enterprises. A reasonable strategic choice for the enterprise is determined for each quadrant of this matrix in the general version, and industry-specific recommendations are considered. Based on formulated key questions, necessary development tasks are identified for enterprises as subjects of foreign economic activity. These tasks include strategic goal setting, determination of the competitive advantage used, and development of the enterprise strategy. Necessary management tools are proposed and described for the implementation of each of these tasks. A set of key questions has been developed for the chosen model of enterprise development strategy to determine the content of the elements of such a strategy. The usage of proposed development tools for subjects of foreign economic activity is briefly presented using the example of automotive industry enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product Life Cycle (PLC) theory, a strategic marketing concept developed in the 1950s, has been criticized for its conceptual deficiencies and strategic shortcomings. This paper aims to answer whether the PLC curve acts as a guideline for companies in making appropriate strategies or a result of collective strategic efforts of competing firms. The theory prescribes generic strategies at different phases of product life, as market conditions vary across phases. Key strategies include market segmentation, product mix broadening, and improved services. However, the PLC theory has faced criticism from researchers like Dhalla and Yuseph (1976), who questioned the concept’s assumptions and empirical evidence that life cycle patterns of all products do not follow the classic PLC curve. Further research identified eleven unique curve patterns, including cycle-recycle patterns, increasing sales patterns, decreasing sales patterns, and stable maturity patterns. The adoption of a new product by the market from its inception to maturity is influenced by various factors such as market potential, technology, competition, and macroeconomic factors. The demand system, supply system, and supporting resource environment are the main forces that influence the penetration of new products in markets. Understanding the phases of the PLC curve helps managers acquire and use information about events, trends, and relationships in an organization’s external environment, enabling them to plan future actions and adapt to changing external forces. This optimizes the organizational learning process, allowing firms to better adapt to changing external environments and interpret changes. A firm’s understanding of the current phase of the PLC can improve foresight and strategy formulation, providing organizational criteria for interpreting information and insights from changing PLC characteristics. Effective PLC usage is crucial for establishing in-house foresight competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is an important sector, serving as an avenue to show the natural resources of a country and inhabitants' hospitality. This sector creates several opportunities for building a potential market and enhancing economic activities where tourist spots and activities flourish. Despite the numerous benefits, tourism still requires significant improvement, particularly in the Philippines, where there are abundant beautiful places. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a recommender system based on users and content collaborative filtering to provide local and foreign tourists with viable information for experience improvement. The investigation focused on improving tourist satisfaction based on three aspects such as preferences, ratings, and reviews that add options for tourist spots, activities/itineraries, destinations, and others. The machine algorithm-based journey assistant (MAJA) was designed as an interface and agent in providing help to tourists. The mean average precision (MAP) and recall were used as evaluation metrics to better understand the ability of MAJA to offer personalized experiences to unique users. The results showed that integration of the system into tourism provided a smart platform for enhancing tourist experience and destination competitiveness. Consequently, successful implementation of the system is measured by two criteria, namely the degree of tourists' pleasure during trip and the capacity of MAJA to effectively transfer tourism to less popular and less "accessible" sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to develop an inland terminal location selection methodology. This methodology is viewed from the perspective of the shipping line designing the inland transport chain while also taking the objectives of multiple other stakeholders into account. To that end, we develop a consensus model for a group Best-Worst Method (BWM) in order to aggregate the evaluations of the various stakeholders. The proposed method is applied to a real-life case study involving the Maersk shipping line, in which nine experts representing three different types of stakeholders assess six possible locations. After the evaluation, the market volume potential is identified as one of the most important criteria. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis indicates that a varying influx of the container volume has no impact on the most desirable location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of financial markets depends on the way world investors foresee the market potential of the country of choice. Countries that are associated with favorable economic incentives are able to motivate investments in their respective stock markets. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of the many economic components which constitute the Market Potential Index in enhancing stock market progress. The methodology goes through testing and estimation. The tests include linearity versus nonlinearity (RESET), normality, and cointegration. The estimation includes cointegration regression and discriminant analysis to distinguish between high and low stock market progress. This study examines unbalanced panel data that covers the years 1996–2022 for 54 countries where a stock market exists. The results show the following: (a) increases in people's expenditure result in decreases in consumption of investment in financial securities; (b) the investments in infrastructure technology is positively associated with stock market progress; (c) the positive effect of economic freedom indicates that further adaptive trading regulations are beneficial to stock market progress; (d) increases in imports consume large proportions of people's income, coming at the expense of investment in financial securities; (e) stock markets that are associated with high country risk are characterized by a positive risk–return tradeoff, i.e., a high risk premium; (f) the stock markets listed in the MPI can reach high progress by improving three indicators, namely commercial infrastructure, market receptivity, and country risk. This paper offers a thorough and unique examination of the institutional arrangements and stock market progress. The paper offers a guide to policy makers about how economic institutional arrangements can be promoted in order to reach high stock market progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a crucial business practice that has attracted the attention of companies and market participants worldwide. This paper examines the impact of CSR on financial reporting comparability. Specifically, this study investigates two main topics: (1) whether CSR leads to a more comparable financial report and (2) whether market supervision (i.e. liquidity and investor concerns) components of CSR are the channels through which CSR affects financial report quality. The results reveal that good CSR practice effectively minimises the problem of asymmetric financial reporting, even when accounting for other factors that affect financial reporting quality. CSR has the potential to attract market supervision and encourage companies to maintain comparability in their financial reporting practice. This observation indicates that CSR participation is a tool to elicit market supervision and to improve the information reporting environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]